BUDDHA, CIOMPARE, AND OTHER EMP ENVIRONMENT

BUDDHA, CIOMPARE,AND OTHER EMP

ENVIRONMENT DATA REDUCTION CODES

JUNE 1971

U. S. ARMY HARRY DIAMOND LABORATORIESWASHINGTON, D. C.

PREPARED BY:David L. Jones

Deborah H. Stump

BRADDOCK, DUNN AND McDONALD, INC.WASHINGTON, D.C. OFFICE

UNDER CONTRACT NUMBER DAAK02-7O-C-0258

This project has been funded by theDefense Atomic Support Agencyunder Nuclear Weapons Effects

Research Subtask NumbersEA-091 and EA-094

DISTRIBUTION OF THIS DOCUMENT IS UNLIMITED

UnclassifiedSecurity Classification

DOCUMENT CONTROL DATA - R & D(Security classiL•cation of title, body of abstract and indexing annotation must be entered when the overall report 'a clasolfled 1

1. ORIGINATING ACTIVITY (Corporate author) 12*. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION

Braddock, Dunn and McDonald, Inc. Unclassified8027 Leesburg Pike 2b. GROUP

McLean, Virginia 221013. REPORT TITLE

BUDDHA, COMPARE, AND OTHER EMP ENVIRONMENT DATA REDUCTION CODES

4. DESCRIPTIVE NOTES (Type of repo.n and Inclusive datos)

FINAL REPORT Jan 1971 - June 19715. AUTHOR(S) (Firet name, middle Initial, last name)

David L. Jones and Deborah H. Stump

6. REPORT DATE 74. TOTAL N40. OF PAGES 1

7bý NO. OF REFS

June 1971 203 2CONTRACT OR GRANT NO. 9g. ORIGINATOR'S REPORT NUMMERIS)

DAAK02-70-C-0258

b. PROJECT NO. BDM/W-TR7l -66-0258

C. 9b. OTHER REPORT NO(S) (Any other numbers that may be assignedthis report)

d.

10. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENTýj

Distribution of this document is unlimited.

SII SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 12. SPONSORING MILITARY ACTIVITY

I u.S. Army Harry Diamond LaboratoriesS ATATWashington, D.C. 20438

1|3. ABSTRACT

I The programs documented in this report are part of a comprehensive package ofdigital computer codes which calculate the electromagnetic pulse (EMP) environmentthat is produced by a nuclear explosion. Each new program is described in theform of a user's guide which !ncludes a discussion on how the program operates,instructions on how to execute the program, and sample output generated by theprogram. For each modified program the discussion tells how and why it was modified.

RIIPLAI.%S 00 FORM 1471. I JAN 04. WHICH IS

C vDs o14 7 3 SOLU1 FOR AR•M U8K. Unclassi fied%CQurltv Ci• a tinn

UnclassifiedSecurity Classification _

14. LINK A LINK a LtIXK CKEY WORDS

ROLU WT ROLlt WT RVL9 WT

Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

Digital Computer Code

Graphical Display of Output

UnclassifiedSecurity Classification

SUMMARY

This is the final report for contract DAAKO2-70-C-0258 and covers

the period from January 1971 through June 1971. It is a summary of ali

programs written and/or modified under this contrajct during that period by

Braddock, Dunn and McDonald, Inc. for the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment

Research and Development Center and subsequently, for U.S. Army Harry

Diamond Laboratories. Each new program is described in the form of a user's

guide which includes a discussion on how the program operates, instructions on

how to execute the program, and sample output generated by the program.

For each modified program the discussion tells how and why it was modified.

FOREWORD

The programs documented in this report are part of a comprehensive

package of digital computer codes which calculate the electromagnetic

pulse (EMP) environment that is produced by a nucle--ar explosion. This

work is a continuation of an extensive technical effort formerly conducted

at the U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and Development Center

(MERDC), Fort Belvoir, Virginia, and presently condicted at the U.S. Army

Harry Diamond Laboratories, Washington, D.C. The modification of previously

documented computer codes and the writing of new codes has necessitated this

documentation.

The programming tasks were performed under contract DAAK02-70-C-0258

by Mr. Jeffrey A. Borbely (project leader), Mr. David L. Jones, and

Mrs. Deborah H. Stump of Braddock, Dunn and McDonald, Inc. Technical

supervisor was Mr. William T. Wyatt, Jr. formerly of the Physics Division,

Electromagnetic Effects Laboratory, MERDC, and presently of Branch 1030, HDL.

iii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. NEW CODES AND MAJOR MODIFICATIONS

A. COMPARE I1. Introduction 12. Plot Definition and Control3. Subroutines LINEUP and LYNEUP 34. Subroutines LTCONE and LTKONE 45. Subroutines TIMAXS and TYMAXS 46. Subroutine COEF 57. Subroutine SCALE 68. Subroutine LINES 69. Subroutines GREEK, SEPAPS, and ISHIFT 6

10. Description of Input 7a. Type 1 7b. Type 2 9c. Type 3 12d. Type 4 14e. Type 5 17

11. Sample Output 2112. Program Listing 41

B. BUDDHA 771. Introduction 772. Input Revisions 773. Data Revisions 814. Plot Additions 815. Subroutine LINES 836. Subroutine LOGPLT 837. LALCOMP Subroutines 848. Sample Output 859. Program Listing 89

C. GREEK 1151. Introduction 1152. Calling Procedure 1153. Data Control 1164. Subroutine SEPAR8 1165. Function Subroutine ISHIFT 1166. Special Considerations 1177. Sample Output 1188. Program Listing 120

iv

TABLE OF CONTENTS (continued)

Page

II. MINOR MODIFICATIONS

A. ELECTRA 125

1. Description of Modifications 125

2. Program Listing 127

B. ORESTES 153



C. REDACT 181



D. REDACTO 191



v

I. NEW CODES AND MAJOR MODIFICATIONS

A. COMPARE

1. Introduction

Program COMPARE is a plot program which draws from one to ten

parallel curves on the same plotting area to facilitate data comparison.

Given a set of EMP field values which are a function of three independent

parameters (range, time, and theta), the user may elect to hold any one of

the three parameters constant, have each of the ten curves represent a

different value of the second parameter, and plot the EMP field values

versus the remaining parameter. Each of the curves may be scaled inde-

pendently or the data for all the curves may be scaled as one set.

2. Plot Definition and Control

The EMP field data is supplied to program COMPARE by reading the

output tapes from program ELECTRA the ground burst EMP code.!'2 In order

to determine which data is to be read from the tape a series of i put ,,ata

cards are read by program COMPARE. The detailed structure of these cards

1. Jones, D. L. and D. H. Stump, ELECTRA, ORESTES, and Supporting GraphicDisplay Codes, U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and DevelopmentCenter, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, February 1971, pp. 1-36.

2. Borbely, J.A. and D. L. Jones, ELECTRA, An Electromagnetic PulseFortran Program (User's Guide), U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Researchand Development Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, October 1969.

will be discussed in Section I.A.iO. The first data card determines which

type of plot is desired. That is, it establishes which parameter will be

held constant, which parameter (designated z-axisl will change only from

'urve to curve, and which parameter (designated x-axis) will be plotted

ea~qa t the field data. This first card will contain one of the following

ten-character keywords:

PLOT TYPE KEY WORD Z-AXIS X-AXIS CONSTANT

I 'IME-THETA TIME THETA RANGE2 RANGE-THETA RANGE THETA TIME3 TiME-RANGE TIME RANGE THETA4 RANGE-TIME RANGE TIME THETA5 THETA-TIME THETA TIME RANGE

These five key words are used as switches to control the execution of

five separate sections of program COMPARE. The THETA-RANGE-TIME combina-

t;on is not implemented in this version of COMPARE.

After the program enters one of the five sections, the additional

data items needed to set up that type of plot are read from cards. These

data items include the value of the constant parameter, the values of the

z-axis parameters, and the values or limits of the x-axis parameters. In

addition controls for scaling and for x-axis spacing are also set by data

card. Once these parameters have been set, the EMP data is read from tape,

edited and ordered accordingly, and then transferred to the appropriate

plotting subroutine (LINEUP, LYNEUP, LTCONE; LTKONE, TIMAXS, or TYMAXS).

2

3. Subroutines LINEUP and LYNEUP

Subroutine LINEUP is called by program COMPARE to produce plots

of types I and 2 as defined in Section i.A.2. It calls subroutine SCALE,

treating the EM4P field data for all curves as one set, and receives one

maximum, one minimum, and one delta y scale factor. LINEUP then draws each

curve separately, scaling each data set against the maximum, the minimum,

and the delta y scale factor. Each curve has its own set of axes

appropriately annotated.

If the plot is of type 1, the constant parameter is range and is

annotated by the statement ALL CURVES ARE FOR R = (range). Each curve

reprL3ents a different value of either source time or retarded time and

is labeled either T = (source time) or T = (retarded time). The x-ax~s

shows the values of theta which may be spaced according to actual value

or spaced at equal intervals as a user option.

If the plot is of type 2, the constant parameter is either source time

or retarded time and is annotated either by the statement ALL CURVES ARE

FOR T = (source time) or by ALL CURVES ARE FOR c = (retarded time). Each

curve represents a different value of range and is labeled R = (range).

The x-axis again shows the values of theta as described above.

Subroutine LYNEUP differs from LINEUP only in the area of data

scaling. In subroutine LYNEUP the EMP field data set for each curve is

supplied to subroutine SCALE separately. The resulting maximum, minimum,

and scale factor for each curve are then reflected in the annotation on its

set of axes.

3

4. Subroutines LTCONE and LTKONE

Subroutine LTCONE is called by program COMPARE to produce plots

of type 3 as defined in Section I.A. 2. In a manner similar to that

described for subroutine LINEUP in Section I.A.3., subroutine LTCONE

calls subroutine SCALE, treating the EMP field data for all curves as one

set, and then draws the curves separately with individually annotated

axes.

For a type 3 plot the constant parameter is theta and is annotated

by the statement ALL CURVES ARE FOR e = (theta). Each curve represents

a different value of source time and is labeled T = (source time). TheI I

x-axis shows values of retarded range R where R =R-cxT, R = actual

range, T -- source time, and c = speed of light. Since each curve

represents a diffcrent value of T, different retarded ranges must be

calculated for each curve and then each curve must be shifted to align

with the annotated x-axis at the bottom of the plot.

Subroutine LTKONE differs from LTCONE only in the area of data

scaling. In subroutine LTKONE the EMP field data set for each curve is

supplied to subroutine SCALE separately. The resulting maximum, mirnimum,

and scale factor for each curve are then reflected in the annotation on

its set of axes.

5. Subroutines TIMAXS and TYMAXS

Subroutines TIMAXS and TYMAXS are called by program COMPARE to

produce plots of types 4 and 5 as defined in Section I.A.2. Subroutine

TIMAXS calls subroutine SCALE, treating the EMP field data for all curves

as one set, and receives one maximum, one minimum, and one delta y scaling

factor. TIMAXS then draws each curve separately, scaling the data against

the maximum, minimum, and scale fctor established for the total data set.

Each curve has its own set of axes appropriately annotated.

Subroutine TYMAXS supplies subroutine SCALE with the data for each

curve separately and then plots each curve according to its own maximum,

minimum, and deita y scale factor. Each curve again has its own set of

axes appropriately annotated.

If the plot is of type 4, the constant parameter is theta and is

annotated by the statement ALL CURVES ARE FOR 0 = (theta). Each curve

represents a different value of range and is labeled R = (range). The

x-axis shows the values of either source time or retarded ;me in units of

nanoseconds and is labeled either T IN NSEC or T IN NSEC. The time values

may be spaced according to actual value or at equal intervals as a user

option.

If the plot is of type 5, the constant p•rameter is range and is

annotated by the statement ALL CURVES ARE FOR R = (range). Each curve

represents a different value of theta and is labeled 0 = (theta). The

x-axis is the same as described above for type 4 plots.

6. Subroutine COEF

Subroutine COEF helps set up the y-axis labeling for the six

plotting subroutines described in Sections I.A.3., I.A.4., and I.A.5.

5

Given a delta y scale factor, subroutine COEF breaks the factor apart into

a coefficient between one and ten and a power of ten. This coefficient is

then used to determine the number of intervals into which the y-axis will

be divided. The power of ten is used along with the minimum y value to

determine the annotation to be written beside each tic mark on the y-axis.

7. Subroutine SCALE

Subroutine SCALE performs data scaling for the six plotting

subroutines described in Sections 1.A.3., I.A.4., and I.A.5. Given a data

array, subroutine SCALE scans the array to find the maximum and minimum

values. It then defines the delta y scale factor by the following

expression:

Ay = (maximum y - minimum y)/ length of plot axis

8. Subroutine LINES

Subroutine LINES is a plot routine designed for drawing data

curves. Given two data arrays which are to be plotted against each

other, subroutine LINES performs a curve fit to the data in a manner such

that the curve can be represented by a series of equally spaced dots, line

segments or both.

9. Subroutines GREEK, SEPAR8, and ISHIFI

These three subroutines work together to draw the letters of the

Greek alphabet in either upper case or iower case form. They will be

described in detail in Section I.C. of this report. They are called

by program COMPARE to supply T's and O's for labeling the plots.

6

10. Description of Input

The card input for program COMPARE can best be described by

breaking it up into five distinct groups ev-!n though several of the

groups will hav, the same card types.

a. Type I

The input for plots of type I as defined in Section I.A.2.

consists of the five card types (lA, IB, IC, 1D, and IE) shown below:

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME

IA 1-10 Select type of CHOICE Alpha- Must equal TIME-THETAplot betic

11-80 Not used Blank

IB 1-10 Number of NZ Inte- Determines number ofcurves ger time values to appear

on card IC below. Mustbe < 10 in presentversion


IC 1-10 Time value Z() Float- May be source time or

for Ist curve ing retarded time in seconds(See TCOL below)

11-20 Time value Z(2) Float- May be source time orfor 2nd curve ing retarded time in seconds

(See TCOL below)

21-30 Time value Z(3) Float- May be source time orfor 3rd curve ing retarded time in seconds

(See TCOL below)

31-40 Time value Z(5) Float- May be source time orfor 4th curve ing retarded time in seconds

(See TCOL below)

41-50 Time value Z(5 Float- May be source time orfor 5th curve ing retarded time in seconds

(See TCOL below)

7

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CCNTENTS NAME _

IC 51-60 Time value Z(6) Float- May be source time orcont. for 6th curve ing retarded time in seconds

(See TCOL below)


(See TCOL below)


(See TCOL below)

ID 1-10 Time DT Float- Used as tolerance factorincrement ing in matching time values

11-20 Range DR Float- Used as tolerance factorincrement ing in matching range values

21-30 Constant CONVAR Float- Range value for allparameter ing curves

31-40 Time TCOL Float- TCOL=O, retarded timeindicator ing TCOL#O, source time

41-50 Length of XLEN Float- 6 inches recommendedx-axis ing

51-60 Length of YLEN Float- This is the combinedy-axis ing total length of all the

y-axes. Each individualaxis length will equal:(YLEN/NZ) - .25YLEN must be < 10.


1E 1-4 EMP field AVAR Alpha- Must equal BPHI, ETHE,to be plotted betic ERAD, or SIGT.

5-10 Not usel Blank

11-20 Minimum e THETMN Float- Minimum theta value forvalue ing x-axis data.

8

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME I

1E 21-30 Maximum 0 THETMX Foat-'Maximum theta value forcont. value ing x-axis data.

31-40 x-axis spacing IV'CX Inte- INCS=I, spaced accord-control ger ing to data; INCX=2,

equally spaced

41-50 y-axis scaling ISCALE Inte- ISCALE=O, scale allcontrol ger curves as one set;

ISCALE #0, scale each

curve separately.


A standard deck for type 1 plots will consist of one type IA, -ne type 1B,

one type IC (a second type IC is requi red if NZ is greater than eight),

cnc type ID, and as many type IE cards as desired. The last type IE card

must be followed by a blank card which signals the end of that set of type

I plots.

b. Type 2

The input for plots of type 2 as defined ;n Section I.A.2.

consists of the five card types (2A, 2B, 2C, 2D, 2E) shown below:


2A 1-10 Select type CHOICE Alpha- Must equal RANG-THETA

of plot betic


2B 1-10 Number of NZ Inte- Deternines number ofcurves ger range values to appear

on card 2C below,. Mustbe < 10 in present version.


26 l1-80 Not used Blankcon t.

2C 1-10 Range value Z(I) Float- Range in metersfor Ist curve ing

11-20 Range value Z(2) Float- Range in metersfor 2nd curve ing

21-30 Range value Z(3) Float- Range in metersfor 3-d curve ing

31-40 Range value Z(4) Float- Range in metersfor 4th curve ing





2D 1-10 Time DT Float- Used as tolerance factorincrement ing in matching time values

11-20 Range DR Float- Used as tolerance factorincrement ing in marching range values

21-30 Constant CONVAR Float- Time value for all curves.parameter ing May be -,ource time or

retarded time

31-40 Time TCOL Float- TCOL=O, rk7.tarded timeindicator ing TCOLAO, so,,rce time

41-50 Length of XLEN Float- 6 inches recommendedx-axis

10

CARD CARD 1 VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME

2D 51-60 Length of YLEN Float- This is the combinedcont. y-axis ing total length of all the

y-axes. Each individ-ual axis length willequal: (YLEN/NZ) -. 25

YLEN must be < 10.


2E 1-4 EMP field AVAR Alpha- Must equal BPHI, ETHE,to be plotted betic ERAD, or SIGT.

5-10 Not used Blank

11-20 Minimum e THETMN Float- Minimum theta value forvalue ing x-axis data.

21-30 Maximum 0 THETMX Float- Maximum theta value forvalue ing x-axis data.

31-40 x-axis spacing INCX Inte- INCX=I, spaced accordingcontrol ger to data; INCX=2,

equally spaced

41-50 y-axis scal- ISCALE Inte- ISCALE=O, scale alling control ger curves as one set;

ISCALE 1 0, scaleeach curve separately.


A standard deck for type 2 plots will consist of one type 2A, one type

2B, one type 2C (a second type 2C is required if NZ is greater than eight),

one type 2D, and as many type 2E cards as desired. The last type 2E card


2 plots.

c. Type 3

The input for plots of type 3 as defined in Section I.A.2.

consists of the six card types (3A, 3B, 3C, 3D, 3E, and 3F) shown below:

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR COJNTENTS NAME

3A 1-10 Select type CHOICE Alpha- Must equal TIME-RANGEof plot betic


3B 1-10 Number of NZ Inte- Determines number ofcurves ger time values to appear

on card 3C below. Mustbe < 10 in present version.


3C 1-10 Time value Z(1) Float- Source time value infor 1st curve ing seconds

11-20 Time value Z(2) Float- Source time vslue infor 2nd curve ing seconds

21-30 Time value Z(3) Float- Source time value infor 3rd curve ing seconds

31-40 Time value Z(4) Float- Source time value infor 4th curve ing seconds



61-70 Time value Z(7) Float- S_ e time value infor 7th curve ing se,,ids


12

ICARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTION

JTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME

3D 1-10 Time DT Float- Used as tolerance factorincrement ing in matching time values

11-20 Range DR Float- Used as tolerance factorincrement ing in matching range values



y-axes. Each individualaxis length will equal(YLEN/NZ) - .25 YLENmust be < 10.


3E 1-10 Number of NRANGE Inte- Number of range valuesrange values ger to be calculated for

X-axis.

11-20 First range RMIN Float- First range value, basisvalue ing for calculating all other

range values

21-30 Increment RINC Float- Each range value willbetween range ing equal the prev:-usvalues value plus RINC


3F 1-4 EMP field to AVAR Alpha- Must equal BPHI, ETHE,be plotted betic ERAD, or SIGT

5-10 Not used Blank

11-20 Constant CONVAR Float- Theta value for allparameter ing curves

-30 X-axis spacing INCX Inte- INCX=i, spaced accord-control ger ing to data; INCX=2,

equally spaced

13

[CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPEI COL. OR CONTENTS NAME

3F 31-40 y-axis scaling ISCALE Inte- ISCALE=O, scale allcont. control ger curves as one set;

ISCALE 0 0, scale each

curve separately.




one type 3D, one type 3E, an.d as many type 3F cards as desired. The last

type 3F card must be followed by a blank card which siqnals the end of that

set of type 3 plots.

d. Type 4

The input for plots of type 4 as defined in Section I.A.2.

consists of the seven card types (4A, 4B, 4C, 4D, 4E, 4F, and 4G) shown

below:

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROuKAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME

4 -10 Select type CHOICE Alpha- Must equal RANGE-TIME

of plot betic


4B 1-10 Number of curves NZ Inte- Determine- number ofger range values to appear

on card 4C below. Mustbe < 10 in present version.


14

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE I DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME I

4C 1-10 Range value Z(1) Float- Range in metersfor 1st curve ing

11-20 Range value Z(2) Float-IRange in metersfor 2nd curve ing

21-30 Range value Z(3) Float- Range in metersfor 3rd curve ing






4D 1-10 Time increment DT Float- Used as tolerance factoring in matching time values

11-20 Range increment DR Float- Used as tolerance factoring in matching range values



y-axes. Each individualaxis length will equal(YLEN/NZ) -. 25 YLENmust be < 10.

41-80 Not used Blank.

15


4E 1-10 Number of NDELTS Inte- This controls the numberdifferent DELT's ger of type 4F cards to be

read.

11-20 Minimum time THIN Float- First time value, basisvalue ing for calculating ell

other time values. Maybe source or retardedtime (See TCOL below).


4F 1-10 Number of times NDELT Inte- Each time value for theto use the DELT ger x-axis is equal to thevalue found on previous value plusthis card DELT. NDELT tells how

many times to add DELT.

11-20 Increment DELT Float- See description ofbetween time ing NDELT above.va 1 ues.


4G 1-4 EMP field to AVAR Alpha- Must equal BPHI, ETHE,be plotted betic ERAD, or SIGT.

5-10 Not used Blank

11-20 Constant CONVAR Float- Theta value for allparameter ing curves

21-30 x-axis spacing INCX Inte- INCX=I, spaced accordingcontrol ger to data; INCS=2,

equally; spaced.

31-40 y-axis scaling ISCALE Inte- ISCALE=O, scale allcontrol ger curves as one set;

ISCALE 0 0, scale eachcurve separately.

41-50 Time indicator TCOL Float- TCOL=O, retarded timeing TCOL#O, source time


16



one type 4D, one type 4E, as many type 4F as specified by the NDELTS

parameter, and as many type 4G cards as desired. The last type 4G card


4 plots.

e. Type 5

The input of plots of type 5 as defined in Section I.A.2.

consists of the seven card types (5A, 5B, 5C, 5D, 5E, 5F, and 5G) shown

below:

CCARD ARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPEI DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENTS NAME

5A 1-10 Select type CHOICE Alpha- Must equal THETA-TIME

of plot betic


5B 1-10 Time increment DT Float- Used as tolerance factoring in matching time values

11-20 Range increment DR Float- Used as tolerance factoring in matching range values

21-30 Length of XLEN Flota- 6 inches recommendedx-3xis ing


y-axes. Each individualaxis length will equal(YLEN/NZ) -. 25 YLENmust be < 10.

41-50 Constant CONVAR Float- Range value for allparameter ing curves.

17


5B 51-80 Not used Blankcont.

5C 1-10 Number of NDELTS Inte- This controls the numberdifferent DELT's ger of type 5D cards to be

read

11-20 Minimum TMIN Float- First time value, basistime value ing for calculating all

other time values. Maybe source or retardedtime (see TCOL beow).


15D 1-10 Number of times NDELT Inte- Each time value for theto use the DELT ger x-axis is equal to thevalue found on previous value plus DELT.this card NDELT tells how many times

to add DELT.

11-20 Increment DELT Float- See description of NDELTbetween time ing above.values.


5E 1-10 Number of NZ Inte- Determines number ofcurves ger theta values to appear

on card 5F below. Mustbe < 10 in present version.


!5F 1-10 Theta value for Z(1) Float- Theta value in degrees1st curve ing

11-20 Theta value for Z(2) Float- Theta value in deqrees2nd curve ing ,

21-30 Theta value for Z(3) Float- Theta valut in degrees3rd curve ing

18

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. I OR CONTENTS NAME

5F 31-40 Theta value Z(4) Float- Theta value in degreescont. for 4th curve ing

41-501 Theta value Z(5) Float- Theta value in degreesfor 5th curve ing



71-80 Theta value z(8) Float- Theta value in degreesfor 8th curve ing

5G 1-4 1 EMP field to AVAR Alpha- Must equal BPHI, ETHE,be plotted betic ERAD, or SIGT

5-10 Not used Blank

11-20 Time indicator TCOL Float- TCOL=O, retarded timeing TCOL#O, source time

21-30 x-axis spacing INCX Inte- INCX=I, spaced accordingcontrol and ger to data; INCX=2, equallytheta redefi- spaced. If INCX=3, anition control new set of 5E-5F cards

are read to redefine thetheta values.

31-40 y-axis scaling ISCALE Inte- ISCALE=O, scale all curvescontrol ger as one set; ISCALE# 0, scale

each curve separately


A standard deck for type 5 plots will consist of one type 5A, one type 5B,

one type 5C, as many type 5D as specified by the NDELTS parameter, one type

5E, one type 5F (a second type 5F is required if NZ is greater than eight),

and as many type 5G cards as desired. If the last type 5G card sets

"19

INCX=3, then the series 5E-5G may be repeated. The last type 5G card must

be followed by a blank card which signals the end of that set of type 5

plots.

Plots of types I through 5 may be requested in any order desired as

long as all the cards needed for a particular type are grouped together.

To stop execution of the plot cycle and close the plot file, a card with

the word STOP in columns 1-4 must be placed after the last blank card.

20

11. Sample Output

I

Descripcion of Sample Output

Figure Plot Type Time Values Y-axis Scaling X-axis Spacing

I Retarded As one set By value

2 1 Retarded As one set Equally spaced

3 1 Source As one set Equally spaced

4 1 Source Separately Equally spaced

5 2 Retarded As one set By value

6 2 Retarded As one set Equally spaced

7 2 Source As one set Equally spaced

8 2 Source Separately Equally spaced

9 3 Source Separately By actual value*

10 3 Source Separate!v By retarded value


12 4 Retarded Separately By value

13 14 Source As one set By value

14 4 Source Separately By value


16 5 Retarded Separately By value

17 5 Source As one set By value

18 5 Source Separately By value

*Note: The actual value data points should have the same relative spacingas the retarded value data points. The following modification to programCOMPARE should eliminate the discrepancy: The first statement followingstatement 1220 should read X(I) I*RINC.

22

B-PHIIIN 10-3 WEBER/Mmm,2) ALL CURVES ARE FOR R=7.55"10l

T= I • 004 10-"-0.7/6.-

0001-52Th2U.1O

-2.0 .p

-3.03.-. Tz3.OO31O8

0.00 I~~.

-0.76.-~ : , i

-3 -03 . T= 2 .5 0 a 1 0 -8

0.00. t i 1 :":- : O

-0.76.

-I .524.

-2.27..

-3.03 .,.L

-3-03.-T= 4. O D" 1 O -e

i-iia • ;:: I T S:S :

-0.76.-

-2.27.t

-3.03.. -

-1=.5.520"

0.00-

o Io I I ;I ii: • : : Ii

-2.27.-

-3.03..L

0.00. -4 i i i - T=5 .00K 1-1

-1 .526

-I .S2.t

-2.27..#

-3.03.-L

-o to7 0 E

0 0 0 C30 cn0 0n 0 0 0a0 3 00 C2 0 0

F igu re 1

23

B-PHL(!N 10- WEBER/M!w2! ALL CUR•E6 ARE FOR R=7. S1O'

-0.76.-

000..5I501f-2-27.-

-3-03.0O.00 , :.. : : . : ; _. ,...._ , ;. , T --] -50MIG::-8

-0 "76.- ::-

0o.00 . = :00w20-5-0-.76 .•-

-2-27.-

-3.03.1.__0.o, ___ ___ ,___ _._ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ...._-_...... _______•__ T=2.50t1o10 8

-3-03.,.

0.00 . f__ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ .._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _..__ _ _...._ __ "-3 .S00 U10-9-o 7.-•

-2.27.-

-3.03 .-0.00.T=3 .50,.10"3

-0 -16.

-2.27..+

- 3.03J.. : :a .00 .- _4.00a10"e

-0.7'6 _.

-1,.52--2.27..J

-3.03.. :

000 garI -+---- --+ -TI 4 50"lO'

-3-S.5 3 13-0 16

- 1 .5-2

o~oi0..0 0 N N . U 0 .) e -e ... * .•_ .•-o . a; a i U 0 U e 0 0 0 0

Fiur 2.

-3.03.-.0 .00• i TZS.. _CI • . .÷...; ; : : : `i 10-"

-2.27 2

-3 021

E-THETA[IN 10 s VOLTS/M 3 ALL CURVES ARE FOR R=7.S5m]Ol

o~o~ , * ~ * * ~* *Tr-2 S52*10-"

-0.79..

0.220.oz0 .2 , ... , .. : ; ,. , ; , T=2 .72&10 '7

-0.339.-0 .52 1 0 -7-0.79.".

0.22'.

0-02. ,i g * T=2.928,10-7

0.22

o.o2e * T=2.B2" I 0"

-0.13 ." "-0.79..

0.02~ T:2 .B2alO-"

-0.59 .4.

0.2222

-0.330.02.• * a -", , i * .. l ... - * T:2.92m10"'

-0.759.4.

-0.759

0.22-0.02. a1"= .3.02a 10-'

-0.s.. 3P i i i i i

-0.79_

-0.,igre43-0.353J2-0.•594.t

0.22o.o2 [ .... ~ ~ IT=3 .22m10"'

-0.59 4-0.79.-.

0.02z _ • "'. "" T=3 . 32" 20"

-0.38

-0.52

.0l.02f a a aI a, ~ T=.42.120"'

-0.59 4.

-0.73 .j

a ~a~ i . 0 i i "D W

Figure 3.

25

A E-THETA(IN NaE" VDLTS/ri ALL CURVEG ARE rm R=7.55milO'

-0.0 *, ,, T=2.52*10-7-1 .9-)EXP=4

-, .954.r-5.92-.-7 SO.1.

-0.0 J* sT=2.62g 1-7

-3.79.-

-0.984 EXP=4-1.96

-2.944

-3.92£

0.09. - . T=2.82m10- 7

-0.89EXP=4

-3.43 .-.

0.11 .- - * T=2 -92810-7

-1.73..

-2.93..

-0.34 ., EXP=4

-0.75.,

0.6 T=.342I -

4. * EXP=4

-l.01 44.3.32o1 -

-0.554 EXP=4-1 .47

1.0 ifu.2374________________ T=3.42&107

-0.554.. EXP=4

-0.73.,

C3 7 !0 !f omUU UU0 0 0 f 0 M ID I 0 0 0 C3 0jE l C 0 -. 6- Uo a) a a 0 a 0 C3 C3 . C; a .

Figure 4.

26I

E-RAOIRL(IN 104 VOLTS/M I PLL CURVES ARE FOR r= .00010-9

7*50

5.63

3.75

1.R=1 -.

____ ____ __ o_ ___ _o__ ,__ o____ o__ ,___ __ :_ ____ ___ R=7.31 w, lO

5.63-

3.75-

7.50-

5 .63,"'

3.75 "..

1.88""

a00. a w w m In i a aaR75 m 0

-o.50............... ..:....n o o .=..,-.. .

0.50

5.63 5.

3.7

I., . gi5 "g g j -.. ia

1.88

-0.00 , • ___ ____ ____ :___ R='7 .55"101*7.50.

~.-.

'1.88.

5, , .. a,.., ~ w w

7.527

E-RAOIAL(IN 1]4 VOLTS/i I ALL CULVES ME FR tW ].OU*1-

7 .501 ..

3-5.03

I-so.

R=7/.31]01O'

3.75.-

i .988

0 R=7.43a10D

5.63.

1.15

• :.. I ='.55.10'

-0.00

7.50

3.675.

. 3 -. / Do, t

5-3.15.s:=7o.5710'

7.50_

1.88

-0.00 7ii, 1 a 101

-4 .So

! .88,

-i m: . : a a oNJ 4! 0' * , :2 W'

Figure 6.

28

E-THETA(IN 104 VOLTS/M1 A ALL CURVES ARE Fox T=2.77s]0-7

-0.00. , 4=, 7.3I1al'l

-8.741

-3.504

-5.24

______________________0._________ R=7 . 430101

-1.745

-6.99

-8.74

4~i -3.50.-5.24

-6.99

-8.74.

-1.75. -

-3.50

-5.24

-6.99

-8.74

0.0 0~ R7 m.79.101c c 0 0 0 0I

-1 .75 -

-3.50 Q

-5.24

-6.99

-3.74

-3.50.

-5.24,.

-6.99.

-.0 I I I I - I I i I I . I I I I I I I

-6.29

[-THET 0-7(IN I [)EX VOLTS/ti I LL CURVES ARE FoR T=2.77a10

-0.00R=7 .31&101EXP=4

-0.00-3X =

-1 .66

-2 .49tR7 7 0

-3.321

-4.15=779I0

R=7.43101o-0.0 S SI I. . 1 II I I I II I EXP=4

-3.50.

-3.61+-.6 10

I~~~~~~~~~ m .SI III X

-2.04

E-THETAIN ] 0 EXp VOLT,%5/M A LL CUfVE6 AtE FOR 0=9.O00'mO

S~EXF=4. . .a? . .......... ..... E:

-3.73.

-5560

-7.463

= EXP=4

-3.62

-5.52..

-7.43

-9.13

0.07 01.. ...... ..... . ..... T=2 2?7rn10- 7

• EXP=4

-l .77.

-3.4 .

-5.46. .

-7.•0

-9. 14 T-, EXP=4

- 657

-3.44.

-5.23.

-7.02

-8 .aa8

0.14.L~tI T CO67N1E

.................................. EX.=4- i .65.

-3.44.

Figure 9.

31

E-TNETR( IN IOE)'r VOLTS/M I ALL CUNVES IME FOR 0=9.oo1010

EXI-4

- ! .87 !

-3 .7;3

-5.60

-7.46 .

0.18 . . . .. p. .. .. .a . .,: . .t .. .. . ... .. .p . . .. : ,,T=2. 0:7m1D"I EXP=4

-3.620 .. . . .

-5.52j.,.o

" ~EXP=4

-3.61

-5.46-

-9.14 ":

0.1 _ ___ __.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__.__ .__ . T=2 .47S 10-"

-. 65XP=4

. . ".. .. . .: IG T ON

-5.232

-7.,00 : "

-8 .78•."

0.14 ;- p4- p - " : :?: a ; a p p p" p p , a ; a ., a a a a p a : , a a T=2 .67'I0 -7

EXF=4-1 .65.

-3.44.•

-5 .23 '

-8.81..

•wmc•w, mw~mmw ~ •........... ..'.,LIGaiT CONE

Figure 10.

32

E-RODIAL(IN 105 VOLTS/M ALL CU.VE6 ARE( FOR Q-9.009101

2.67.

2.16 - -

0.62 ".

0.11 ..pi pil,: t.ll ..pR:: ie :1:. : : ......... igpt:::::::::::::::: : s::::::::::::::: R"5"O 3a1 '02.67.

2.16.-

1.65.

1.13 -

0.62 ..

O~l -:: :: :: ::: :: :: : +:: : #: : .. .. .++ .. : :: :: ::.......:: ::: :: :R=7 .43& 101I• D . _• J U

2.67

2.16 ." -

1.65

1.13"

0.62 .

2.67

2.1,6

i1.65 "

1.13

2.67

2.16,

i1.65,

1 .13

0.62

0.11 :::: :::::::::i :::::: ;::ic :ccc I';:ll-l-$:;4';l4-:;l:;:4::44i;:i :c; 111:1:cc:ciii iIlli ci R .43••:, . 10l1~u

..................... O, 0 .0 .Jw € 0 '

Figure 11i.

33

E-RADIRL(IN IOEXP VOLTS/M A ALL CURVES ME FOX 6-9.OO0I31I

2.67 ,

2.16.

4I .65- .. 41.13.

0.62.

0.1 R=5.0301010.15 :5:1111::: ............................. "ft ................ 1 15 :: 111511 i:its .Ilff: t ::: ::-::: EXP5•0 11 0 :

e~sl EXP=5

2.03 .L

1.55,. ,

1 .07.

0.59.

2.43 EXP-5

1.,981•

1.54

0.65.

-- - -- .X =

0.21 -4-s- ... :II ::fI:5f lIII;: 5......:I; ............... II .;55f;I ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: IIIII R '6.23l U

2.34_ EXP=S

1 .924

1.08

0.65 ..o .s :s:;: ..: : I::::::::::: :::::::::: .: s: s 1 : :g:1gsl :: :g:I::i: :1:; : 511::: :: ii: 111:1:: :: II E:R 6'f "i0

0-1.85

R ..44 3%1"

0.61

0.20o H4s- :; si: :;: s:: .... l ':i:i ::::::::::::::::::::::: IIli 1111 siisi:ii:II 111115115 R=7.'4"wlO(1

EF'XP=5

o..w3Cn•O.W•aCo0.€3,OlO40WC.0jaO4-oQ ..... ww. ,.... , , , , ,.*-i,Wm ...o o 00 000 00 00 eooo0ob0b 0•b O0

Figure 12.

34

B-PHI(IN 10-3 IEBER/Mml@2] ALL CURVES ARE FOR 1= .ON] 01

-0 .00 . R =5:: : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : : : : : :: : : : : : : : : : : : : -- . 0 3 ml 0!

-0o8.33

-1.76.

-2.64

-3.52 t-0.00 1: 11 *eei: .s:::: : 1.1:i:::::: : i If: sgg: : i:s::: :::: : : ::::: i;,:::: :61 :I :,:e:.: ,::::: :• .,, ll

-0.88-

-2.76-

-2.64

-3.52. --0.00 =======================,==ii==r:==:i=== gi=;== ==I, = ti= ui= u: 1=11 == I 1112= =i=g iii,= R=- .23u]f 1

-0.008

-2 .76.

-2.64.

-3.52 J

-0.00R63361

-1.76,

-2.64

-3.52•

-0.80

S~-2.76

-2.64.-

-3.52,S. . . .. . . • .1 . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... T S E

~~~~~~~~~ IN N-~clfO W WO--3w~

Figure 13.

35

B-'H I(IN IOE' WE6BERIi/tps2I ALL CURVES FAE FOR 4=9-00010 1

-1 ~5 :1: ::. *-.-~: : tg : m~i z~u I :. :pi; utt:1m: ::: -EXP= -3

-3.39-

EXP=-3

-3.52 R-6.2-330

0.00~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ +t + u;t n.;.mm:u u :; ui:g;;i : X

"-0.83I

-3.36

E-ROIPI AL(IN 1 0 s VOLTS/l I ALL CURVES ARE FmI R=/7.S5"I0

3.78

2.34.

0.35-o .00 ..........." .. : = 8 .6 3 491 0 '

• -o .• - -. : '" ... .. ............... . . . . . .. . . . . . . . .. : . : = . ] l O

1. 10.-.""" " '.

0..*.s

-0.00 • -. " ......... :

.................. ..

3...9..1

3.?79--

Z"84..

1.90t

•..,...:..... ,... ,... . .

3.72..

2.84t

1 .80

0.95 . . .... .. .

0.. . ..........iii. . .3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3.2.84

1.10

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.cow ------ :;;: ;;: Toooo;;;:1:1;;;;:: : :. IN M [€

00o0000 000oo000o 0o oo o o• ooocoooo •=•o•(•ooo ooo 7b?

Figure 1 .

371.90

(IN I Olx WEBER/?1um2l OIL CLAVES MRE Fox R=7.SSSID'

.... EXP=-6

-0.63.

-0.00 ..................................................................

-0.00

-0-00 k.1..

40.2

a~~~ ~ h a aa iA a aaaaaa a a 2 n~ow.. .J.J.J.

-0-55..

Figure 16.

38

E-RAOIAL(IN 1O1 VOLTS/f I O.L cLCv~s ME5 FOR R/,7.55slD'

3.73..

.O.I ............ 0 0F"" c,

3.730=.3.0

I.Co

...I. ... . .. .... . ... ... .....

- .oo , . . . . .'- " . .. .- . ; ;. ; 4:. + . " ; ... ...: ' .. " f ; .1 re =i.i iI0p

1.79 T

2.801 T

i... ..............0.95 . .....

2.4"84..+±

L._ _ 4 - _.4 .__ _ _ __._ _ _ __._ _-_.'" ....... .= 9 .0 0 .1. . . I .I I. . . . . . ..

1.0

0.9. .*.

.. ,..909 1210

- .�00 .. ....... " ...... "'"""""" ...... ' " : " " " ' """""" -.................

[.to PCE.

0.00. 1~~I00000p

Figure 17.

39

I1

E-RDIARL(IN ]ew ' VOLTS/f I AL cum s I ra R= ".55s ] z

I .''* ..... ''":'"'*'.o .. ..o.o..°.... ..... ....... .......

$ .79

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..01 . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

-..3o0 i~ s * s--, m ,-'"e e . . .. . . . . . . . . ": ":":- , :----: -0---:-z ;.:,.- = 5. 63-10'" 1 s 6EXP=5

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"I i! i.10 600

"t.t sl ... ..

0.90..

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x.Ise If l.I......a l

0.37..

: .53...."" """.

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0.45t.''

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L

B. BUDDHA

1. Introduction

Program BUDDHA was originally designed to process a maximum of two

data tapes according to record number, to plot right and left hand axes

on a linear scale, and to overlay curves. The pre.ent version of BUDDHA

has been expanded to process multiple tapes according to record name

and/or record number and to plot right and left hand axes on a log scale.

2. Input Revisions

There are three additional data card types and card type B2 has

three new variables defined.

Type C is the tape card, type D is the record card, and type E is

the log card. A data set consists of a tape card followed by as many

record cards as specified on the tape card. When all the record cards

have been read, another tape card is read and the cycle continues until a

blank tape card is read. An axis card is then read which is followed by

a log card and as many curve cards as specified on the axis card. When all

the curve cards are read another axis card and a log card are read and the

cycle continues until two blank cards are read which indicate all input

data has been processed.

I. Jones, D. L. and D. H. Stump, ELECTRA, ORESTES, AND SUPPORTING GRAPHICDISPLAY CODES, U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and DevelopmentCenter, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, February 1971, pp. 169-195.

2. Ibid, p. 169.

1 "77

CARD CARD VARIAB'.E NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENT NAME

B 1-20 Same as report descrip-tion

21-30 KARD(NS,3) Data tape number (1,2,3, etc.)

31-50 Same as report descrip-

tion


55-60 DATE Alpha- Name of record to benumer- plottedic

61-65 IRUN Inte- Run numberger

66-70 IALT Inte- Altitude Numberger

71-75 IZ(NS) Inte- Light intensityger


fC 1-10 ITAPE Inte- Tape number

ger (1, 2, 3, etc.)

11-20 NDATES Inte- Number of record namesger to be processed for a

particular tape.


78

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENT NAME

D 1-6 TDATE(I, Alpha- Record name on dataITAPE) numer- tape, where I runs

ic from I to NDATES.

4-10 Not used Blank

11-20 NRUNS Inte- Total number of runsger for a particular

record name

21-30 MAXALT Inte- Total number of altitudesger for a particular record

name

S31-40 MAX%!AL Inte- Nu,,.'er of maximum valueger records

41-8o Not used Blank

E 1-4 ILOGO Alpha.- LOGO indicates a log

(INC) numer- axisic

5-8 Not used Blank

9-10 IPRT Alpha- Print control fornumer- debuggingic


17-20 ILINE Alpha- Grid line indicatornumer-ic

* 21-25 DECADE Float- Number of decades for(INC,I) ing left hand axis

79

i

CARD CARD VARIABLE NAME PROGRAM TYPE DESCRIPTIONTYPE COL. OR CONTENT NAME

26-30 DECADE Float- Number of decades for(INC,2) ing right hand axis


80

3. Data Revisions

In the original program after all data cards were processed, the

curve cards were ordered according to record number and the random access

files were opened. The appropriate data tape was read and data was written

on the corresponding random access file. 3 In the present version, a tape

card and as many record cards as specified on the tape card are read. For

each record card that is read, the total number of records and the starting

block number for that particular record name are calculated. The total

number of records and the starting block number are then used to calculate

the appropriate record number that corresponds to the record name on that

curve card. The data tape number on that curve card is multiplied by ten

thousand and is then added to the record number. The curve cards are then

ordered according to record number and the random access files are opened.

The reading of the dat: tape or tapes has one modification. Because

multiples of ten thousand based on the tape number are added to the record

number, all the records from a particular tape are processed and then a new

tape is processed. Data from odd number tapes are stored on one random

access file and data from even number tapes are stored on another random

access file.

4. Plot Additions

Program BUDDHA has been expanded to plot ordinate axis data on a

log scale. The data points are plotted on a positive log axis, a negative

3 Ibid., pp. 170-171

F'

log axis, or on a split positive and negative log axis depending upon the

behavior of the data. When the left hand axis array contains all positive

data, the data points are scanned to determine the positive maximum and the

positive minimum. If the number of cycles is defined by the user, the

positive minimum is redefined as the difference between the positive max-

imum and the number cycles. If the number of cycles is not defined by the

user, the number of cycles is set equal to the difference between the pos-

itive maximum and the positive minimum. The negative maximum, the negative

minimum, and the number of cycles are determined in a similar manner when

the data array contains all negative data. Both sets" of variables are

determined when the array contains positive and negative data. The process

is identical for the right hand axis data if appropriate.

The length of the log axis is determined by the behavior of both

the right and left hand axis data. The axes are 8.5 inches if the data

arrays contain all positive or all negative data. If one array contains

positive and negative data, the axes are split into a positive axis and a

negative axis which are 4.18 inches long. The log axes are drawn using

subroutine LOGPLT (see I.B.6). The time axis is located at the middle of

the plot when the data is positive and negative and at the bottom when the

data is either all positive or all negative. The time array is annotateda 4

with the minimum and maximum cutoff times os in the original program.

-4. Ibid., pp. 171-i72

82

In order to begin plotting, the data array is scanned to determine

the starting point and the end point of the positive and negative data for

a particular curve. Any zeroes that are encountered are omitted. If the

data oscillates positive and negative more than ten time-, the variable

is not plotted and message is printed. The logs of the data points are

taken, converted into inches, and are plotted using subroutine LINES (see

I.B.5) until all curves are drawn. Any points that are less than the

defined minimum are set equal to the minimum. The ordinate axis is

labeled and a title is written at the bottom of the plot. The right hand

axis is then labeled if appropriate. An enclosing box is drawn around

the plot and the paper is advanced until all plots are made, after which the

plot file is closed.

5. Subroutine LINES

Subroutine LINES is a plot routine designed for drawing data curves

and annotating plots. Given two data arrays whicl are to be plotted against

each other, subroutine LINES performs a curve fit to the data in a manner

such that the curve can be represented by a series of equally spaced dots,

line segments or both. Given the X-coordinate and the Y-coordinate, sub-

routine LINES draws the appropriate symbol at the bottom of the plot.

6. Subroutine LOGvLT

Subroutine LOGPLT is a special plot routine designed to draw and

annotate positive and negative log axes. The log axis is annotated with

4 itic marks at the power of ten and intermediate tic marks at 2, 4, 6, and 8

83

between the powers of ten. For negative data the power of tvn is preceded

by a negative sign. The tic marks are perpendicular to the axis line and

are bisected by it. A positive angle, in degrees, produces a positive log

axis and a negative angle produces a negative log axis. A switch, IFR, is

used to determine a right or left hand axis. If IFR is not equal to one

a left hand axis is drawn and if IFR is equal to one a right hand axis is

drawn.

7. CALCOMP Subroutines

There are three subroutines from the CALCOMP plotting package that

are called by subroutine LOGPLT. The subroutines are NUMBER, PLOT, and

SYMBOL.

NUMBER - writes floating point numbers.

PLOT - converts pen movement from inches to actual plottercommands.

SYMBOL - writes alphanumeric text and special symbols at anyangle desired.

484

8. Sample Output

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C. GREEK

1. Introduction

Subroutine GREEK is the controlling routine for a set of three

subroutines which together draw the letters of the Greek alphabet using

the CALCOMP plotting system. Subroutine GREEK can draw all 24 Greek

letters in either upper or lower case. The user may specify any height

and any orientation angle within the limitations of the plotting equip-

ment.

2. Calling Procedure

Subroutine GREEK is called in Fortran by the following statement:

CALL GREEK(XPOS, YPOS, SCALE, LETTER, THETA, ICAP) with the

arguments defined as follows:

XPOS - the X position (in inches) of the lower left-hand corner(before rotation) of the letter.

YPOS - the y position (in inches) of the lower left-hand corner(before rotation) of the letter.

SCALE - the scale height(in inches) desired for the letter. Somelower case letters will be drawn slightly smaller to main-tain proportionality between letters. A height which is amultiple of 31 times the plotter increment is recommendedfor best results.

LETTER - an irteger number (I to 24) specifying the position in theGreek alphabet of the letter to be drawn.

THETA - orientation angle (in degrees) at which the letter is to bedrawn. 00 - letter is vertical: positive angle - rotatesletter counterclockwise.

ICAP - selector for upper or lower case letters. ICAP 0 --

lower case, ICAP=] -- upper case.

115

Subroutine GREEK was written with the assumption that the user will

open the plot file and establish an origin prior to calling the sub-

routine.

3. Data Control

The data points for each letter were selected by first drawingI the letter on a 31 x 31 grid and then approximating all curved lines by

straight line segments. The coordinates of the starting and stopping

points of each line segment were then recorded along with the pen

up-down commands. Next, in order to minimize the amount of computer

storage space needed for the subroutine, the data points were packed such

that each 60 bit word contains the x and y coordinates and pen commands

for five end points. When a letter is being drawn, the particular data

points for that letter are then unpacked by subroutine SEPAR8 described

below.

4. Subroutine SEPAR8

Subroutine SEPAR8 unpacks the 60 bit computer words and separates

the data into x and y coordinates and pen commands. It performs this

operation by using a series of left and right shifts and masking functions.

5. Function Subroutine ISHIFT

Function subroutine ISHIFT performs left or right shifts of I to

60 bits. It is written in COMPASS (Control Data Corporation assembly

language) for use on a CDC 6000 series computer.

116

S6. Special Considerations

Since the data points have been packed into 60 bit words and

function subroutine ISHIFT is written in COMPASS, the subroutine GREEK

package presented here can only be utilized on a CDC 6000 series computer.

The package requires 633 (octal) words of core and utilizes the CALCOMP

routine PLOT.

117

7. Sample Output

(height of letters 0.31)

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II. MINOR MODIFICATIONS

A. ELECTRA

1. Description of Modifications

Program ELECTRA 1,2 the ground burst EMP code, received two

minor modifications since it was last documented. All input/output (I/0)

operations using tape or drum were revised in order to cut running time

and to make more efficient use of data tapes.

The running time was cut by replacing all lengthy I/O lists, which

used implied DO loops, with a variably dimensioneo subroutine (IOSAVE)

which can write or read any length array as a single operation. This

modification should produce up to 90% reduction in running time for the

operations which it affects.

More efficient use of data tapes was accomplished by revising the

contents of the data output array (OUTARR). By removing some unnecessary

data items from the array and repositioning other items, the dimensions

of the array were reduced from 2ix7 to 21x 4 resulting in a decrease of 63

words. The words in the reduced array were then packed two into one by an

assembly language packing routine (PACK). The net result was to redulce

1. Jones, D. L. and D. H. Stump, ELECTRA, ORESTES, and Supporting GraphicDispay Codes, U.S. Army [obility Equipment Research and DevelopmentCenter, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, February 1971, pp. 1-36.

2. Borbely, J. A. and D. L. Jones, ELECTRA , An Electromagnetic PulseFortran Program (User's Guide), U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Researchand Development Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, October 1969.

125

the nuwioer of words written to tape, at a given time step and range step,

from 147 to 43. If the number of anqles used for a given run is less

then 18, the number of words written to tape will be reduced even more.

3

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152

B. ORESIES

I. Description of Modifications

Program ORESTES received two minor modifications since it was

last documented. All input/output (I/O) operations using tape or drum

were revised in order to cut running time and to make more efficient use

of data tapes.

The running time was cut by replac-ing all lengthy I/O lists,

which used implied DO loops, with a variably dimensioned subroutine

(IOSAVE) which can write or read any length array as a single operation.

This modification should produce up to 90% reduction in running time for

the operations which it affects.

More efficient use of data tapes was accomplished by revising the

contents of the data output array (OUTARR). By removing some unnecessary

data items from the array and repositioning other items, the dimensions of

the array were reduced from 27x1i to 25x9 resulting in a decrease of 72

words. The words in the reduced array were then packed two into one by an

assembly language packing routine (PACK). The net result was to reduce

the number of words written to tape, at a given time step and range step,

from 297 to 114. If the number of angles used for a given run is less than

24, the number of words written to tape will be reduced even more.

I. Jones, D. L. and D. H. Stump, ELECTRA, ORESTES, and Supporting GraphicDisplay Codes, U.S. Army Mobility Equipment Research and DevelopmentCenter, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, February 1971, pp. 37-69.

153

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- C. REDACT

1. Description of Modifications

Program REDACT has been modified and is now a subroutine with a

driver program DATAPK. This modification was made in order to process

data tapes from the modified ELECTRA which have a packed OUTARR (see II.

A.I.).

DATAPK opens and closes the plot files and calculates the number

of words that are packed in OUTARR. In subroutine REDACT, the column and

I! row indicatois for data editing have been modified to correspond to the

modifications made in ELECTRA. In order to process the data tape, the

column and row indicators for the particular variable to be plotted are

used to determine the word to be unpacked. The data array is unpacked by

an assembly language routine (UNPACK).

I

18

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2. Program Listing

182

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D. REDACTO

1. Description of Modificotions

Program REDACTO has been modified and is now a stbroutine with a

driver program DATAPKO. This modification was made in order to process

data tapes from the modified ORESTES which have a packed OUTARR (see II.B.O).

DATAPKO opens and closes the plot files and calculates the number

of words thec are packed in OUTARR. In subroutine REDACTO, the column and

row indicators for data editing have been modified to correspond to the

modifications made in ORESTES. In order to process the data tare, the

column and row indicators for the particular variable to be plotted are used

to determine the word to be unpacked. The data array is unpacked bv an

assembiy language routine (UNPACK).

* I

•w_ 191

2. Program Listing

119

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Documents

BUDDHA, CIOMPARE, AND OTHER EMP ENVIRONMENT