Connected (Digital) Cockpit - umlaut

umlaut —White— päper.Connected (Digital) Cockpit — Driving digital transformation behind the wheel

umlaut Whitepaper

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1. Executive Summary 04

2.Software&SystemArchitecture 06

3.OverviewofSmartComputingintheDigitalCockpit 12

4.Displaytechnologies 18

5.RemoteServices 26

6.Ecosystems 30

7. DifferentiatorsintheDigitalCockpit 36

8.Monetization 40

9.OverallCockpitExperience 44

10.Conclusion 46

Appendix 48

Content

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umlaut Whitepaper

The secondwhitepaper in theDigitalCockpit

series(linktoWP1here)takesadeeperdiveinto

the technicaldomainsof theconsumer-facing

cockpitincludingsystemarchitectureandcompute,

connectedservices,andthecockpitexperience.

Technologyleadersintheautomotivespaceare

starting tomake leapsacrossmany functional

areassimultaneously.Theintegrationofcomplex

softwareincarsoccursunderstrongergovernmental

regulationsthaninconsumerelectronics–while

differentiation remainsa toppriority toprovide

dynamicandexcitinguserexperienceswiththe

latestsoftwareandfeatureupdates.

Someofthekeyforcesinthecockpittransformation

includethereductionofcostsasfewerandmore

powerfulECUsareusedto improvethedesign,

certify,andassemblenewcockpits.Consequently,

thelighterweightreducesthecomplexityofthe

systemarchitecture.Improvedsecurityisanother

benefitwhenfuture-proofECUsareintegratedto

enabletimelysecuritypatchesviaOTAandtackle

rapidlyevolvingcyber-attacks.Inadditiontothe

evolvedcorecomponents,an improvedsystem

lifecyclecreatesnewmonetizationopportunitiesby

decouplingsoftwarefromhardware–anecessity

toenableanagilestrategyforconsumer-facing

connectedservicestoremainfreshindriver’sminds.

Duringumlaut’sparticipationat theConsumer

ElectronicsShow(CES) inJanuary2022wesaw

proofofanacceleratingtrendinthetransformation

ofautomotivedigitalcockpits.Newvehiclemodels

arebuiltwithamorescalablesystemarchitecture

thataccommodatesthefutureneedsofsoftware

updates.Wewilldiscusstheincreasingdataand

processdemands that require smartcompute

andchip technologies.Besides the technology

domainswealso focuson keydifferentiators,

monetizationpotentialofservicesandtheoverall

cockpitexperience.

1. Executive Summary

https://www.umlaut.com/en/stories/the-next-in-vehicle-experience-connected-digital-cockpit

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umlaut Whitepaper umlaut Whitepaper

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The leadingpainpoint for thecustomeraswell

asOEMsintheautomotiveindustryhasbeenthe

HMI interfacefor thevehicle.Thischallengehas

beenamplifiedbythevarioussuccessfulalthough

drasticallydifferentOperatingSystemstrategies.

Examplesof thesegeneral-purposeOS(GPOS)

includeGooglesAndroidAutomotiveOS,Auto-

motiveGradeLinux,andBlackberryQNX.Among

theseGoogleAndroidAutomotiveOShasbeen

consideredthemostpopularsincecustomershave

alreadybeenexposedtoitontheirmobiledevice.

ItalsodoesnotrequireGooglesupporttobeim-

plementedsinceAndroidOSiswidelyavailableas

freeopen-sourcesoftware.Thoughkeepinmind

thatwithoutaGooglepartnershiptheGoogleApp

storeandasGoogleautomotiveserviceswillnot

beavailable.

Since thesystem requires themanagementof

time-criticalfeaturesrelatedtoInstrumentClus-

ter,Collisionwarning,HVAC,Telematics,etcwhich

requirerealtimedataprocessingandnon-critical

functionssuchas infotainmentandDriverMoni-

toringsystems,thereisaneedforahybridmodel

whereRealTimeOS(RTOS)suchasBBQNX,AGL,

IntegrityandNon-RTOSsuchasAndroidcan

co-existandsupportcriticalaswellasnon-critical

featuresinthevehicle.ThismethodwhereRTOS

andNon-RTOScanco-existiscalledVirtualiza-

tion,whichallowsasetofRTOSandNon-RTOSto

co-existandcanmanagedifferentfunctionalities

inthevehicle,completelyinisolationofeachother,

whilesharingthehardwareresources.Thishybrid

modelcanalso includeaClassicAutoSARsys-

temforeasierintegrationwithlegacyarchitecture.

2. Software & System ArchitectureDecoupling Software from Hardware

ThistypeofOS isolationoffersgreatbenefits in

termsofsimplersystemdesignandcostsavings

duetoresourcesharing.

The industry currently follows two approaches to pursue Virtualization:

• Virtualization using the Hypervisor approach:

Ahypervisorisathinlayerbetweentheoperat-

ingsystemsandthehardware.Thehypervisor

orchestratesandseparatestheavailableresour-

ces (computingpower,memory,storage,etc.),

aligningaportiontoeachvirtualmachineas

needed. Inthiscase,thecluster, infotainment,

HUDsandotherdigitalsystemsaremanagedto

functionas isolatedvirtualmachinesystems.

One of the key advantages to Hyper-

visors is the flexibility and control it

provides. However, Hypervisor does

carry with it a significant software

footprint and thus resulting in high

overhead cost. It’s also not suitable

for heterogeneous core systems.

Suchanisolationisveryusefulandincaseone

oftheapplicationscrashes,theremainingappli-

cationscanstillfunctionnormallywithoutbeing

affected.

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New unified E/E architectures made possible by virtualization

Hypervisor Multiple Core Framework Mixed Multicore and Hypervisor

Fig. 2.1

Multicore Application Processors(CPU, GPU, Memory, I/O)

App Cores

App App App AppMEMF MEMF MEMF MEMF

Hypervisor

Non -RTOS

App Cores

RTOS

App Cores

BME(Bare metal

environment)

RT Cores

CertifiedRTOS

Hypervisor

Non - RTOS

Host user space

RTOS RTOS

System SoC

I/O

CPU1

Memory

I/O

CPU2

Memory

Application Proc

ess

A

Proc

ess

B

Real

-tim

eap

plic

atio

n A

Proc

ess

C

Real

-tim

eap

plic

atio

n BInfotainment,

Entertainment, etc.

CertificationNo certification

Virtual Machine 1

Instrument cluster, HVAC, etc.

Virtual Machine 2

Linux Kernel

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Althoughdesignofacarcockpitmayvaryamongst

differentmanufacturers,wecanconceptualizethe

basiccomponentsofthehardwarearchitectureof

aDigitalCockpit.

Application Processors:Themoderndigitalcockpit

systemhasintenseprocessingpowerrequirements

thathavebeenmetthankstovariousinnovations

indesktopandmobilecomputingtechnology.For

example,managingmultipleaudioandvideoinput/

outputs,managingtheADASanddrivermonitoring

features,poweringspeechandimagerecognition

capabilities, supporting real-timenavigation&

more.Toachieveall thesecapabilities,wemust

considerthefollowing:

• Needforhighlypowerfulandflexibleapplication

processors;OEMsusually lookforhighperfor-

manceapplicationprocessorsthatareoptimized

forRTOSandvirtualization.

• WhilechoosingtheCockpitprocessor,wemust

looktoseehowwell itcanbalancethesafety

requirementsalongwithprocessingrequirements.

ManyOEMsarechoosingamulti-coreprocessorto

fulfiltheintenseprocessingandsafetyrequirements

ofaDigitalCockpit.

Oneofthesolutionsthatiscurrentlybeingusedis

called“System on Chip”.Thismethodenablesthree

individualboardstomanagetheinfotainmentsystem,

theinstrumentcluster,andtheHeads-UpDisplay.

ThetypicalSoCusedfordigitalcockpitsolutions

includesmultimediaaccelerator,memory,Graphical

ProcessingUnit(GPU),automotiveperipherals,con-

nectivityinterfacesandadigitalsignalprocessor.

Ahigh-performancepurpose-builtSoCisneeded

tomeetdemandingrequirementslikefeatureset,

performanceperwatt,safetyandsecurity-allinte-

gratedonasinglechipinsteadonaPCB(Printed

CircuitBoard).Thishelpstosaveconsiderablyon

costanddevelopmentcycles.Agreatexampleis

TI’snewandpowerfulJacintoDRAxSoCthatcon-

solidatesthesefunctionsfromseveralECUs.

• Virtualization using Multiple Core Application

Processors:Insteadofadedicatedplatformlike

Hypervisor,thisapproachmakesuseofmultiple

coreapplicationprocessorsforOSisolationand

partitioningofresources.Multicoreoperatingsys-

temsallowforvirtualizationbymappingdifferent

applicationstoadifferentcoreinthemulticore.

• Virtualization using Multicore and Hypervisor

mixed approach: Thisapproach isused for

amixedsafety-criticalsystem. In thissystem,

thereareseveralapplicationsofdifferentsafety

integritylevels(SILs)ordifferentcriticalitiessuch

assafety-criticalandnon-safetycriticalonthe

sameSoC.

The key advantage to this system is that it is easier to implement com-pared to Hypervisor, although it requires additional development for features such as bootup sequence control between virtual machines.

The key advantage of this architec-ture is its lack of limitation system although this model may be over kill for simple systems.

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PoweredbyanewE/EarchitectureAI-powered

servicesandfeatureswillbecomeanintegralpart

ofthedigitalcockpit.Toembracethistechnology

OEMsandsuppliersneedtounderstandthebasic

conceptofAI,itspossibilitiesandrestrictions,the

neededhardwaretomakethistechnologydesirable

andguidelinesonhowtoimplementit.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)isthetheoryandde-

velopmentofcomputersystemsabletoperform

tasksnormallyrequiringhumanintelligence,such

asvisualperceptionandspeechrecognition.

Machine Learning (ML)isasubsetofAIthatuses

algorithmsandstatisticstogivecomputerstheability

to“learn”fromdataandwithoutbeingexplicitlypro-

grammedrules.Inaddition,MLcanbedividedinto

subgroupsintermsofitsapplicationandobjective.

Deep Learning (DL)usesartificialneuralnetworks

(ANNs)withdifferentlayerstoextractfeaturesfrom

data.WidelyusednetworkarchitecturesareCon-

volutionalNeuralNetworks(CNNs)andRecurrent

NeuralNetworks(RNNs).

Natural Language Processing (NLP)isconcerned

withprocessingandanalyzingnatural language

andwithcreatingnatural languagethathumans

canunderstand.

Computer Vision (CV)attemptstoextractinforma-

tionfromvisualsourcestousetheminalgorithms.

Majordevelopmentsintheseareasinrecentyears

havemostlybeenduetowideadoptionofDeep

Learning.

3. Overview of Smart Com- puting in the Digital CockpitThe Intelligent Digital Cockpit

Data is to AI what fuel is to an internal combustion

engine:itisthepowersourcethatcreatesthese

newintelligentservices.Untilnow,datagenerated

inthecarmostlyremaineduntouchedandissent

rawtothecloudtobeprocessedandanalyzed.

Toeffectively reduce theamountofdataand

enable real-timeprocessinganddecisionmak-

ing,edgecomputingand5Garekey. Insteadof

sendingrawdatatothecloud,dataisprocessed

atthepointofaction(sensor,ECU,SoC)withML

andAI.Thisleadstooveralllowercosts,real-time

decision-makingcapabilities,andon-and-offline

usage.AfewpromisingapplicationsforAIinthe

automotivecabinareasfollows:

Driver/Occupant Monitoring System (DMS/OMS):

The foremostbenefitofAI issafety.AIhelps in

gatheringinfinitedatapointsandusinginterior-fac-

ingcamera/motionsensors,aidsintrackingdriver

actions,headposition,and facialmoments to

analyseandsendalertstobringdrivers’attention

backtotheroad,whenfeeling/lookingsleepyor

distracted.DMSmonitorsandmeasurebrainac-

tivity,workload,real-timelocationfeed,andemo-

tionalactivity.Additionally,AIwillnotonlymonitor

thedriverbutalsomonitorotheroccupantsand

maintaincabinawareness.AsianOEMsaredevel-

opingtechnologywherethecarwillalertthedriv-

eriftheyforgotsomeimportantitemsinthecar

orifthechildseatisnotproperlypositioned.

Subdomains of Artificial Intelligence Fig. 3.1

Artificial Intelligence AI

ML

DL NLP & CV

Machine Learning

Natural Language Processing & Computer VisionDeep Learning

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umlaut Whitepaper

Virtual Assistant:Natural languageprocessing

(NLP)isasubfieldofartificialintelligence,linguistics,

andcomputersciencethat,whencombinedwith

ML,canproducetrulycompellingvoiceassistants.

Theseassistantsserveasintermediariesbetween

theenduserandthevehicle’ssystemsandservices.

Theyallowthedrivertoaccess informationsuch

asrecommendedrestaurants,scheduleworkshop

appointmentsusingpredictivemaintenance,and

performtaskswithouttakingtheirhandsoffthe

wheel.

Personalization:Vehiclesincludemoretechnolo-

gythaneverbefore,allowingforfurtherlevelsof

personalization.Biometricrecognition(face,finger,

palm,voice)canhelpthevehicletoidentifywho

isenteringthevehicle,driving,adjusttheseating

positionandenvironmentofthecabintoimprove

in-vehicleexperienceswhilekeeping thedriver

andvehiclesafe.Thecarcanalsolearntheuser’s

behaviourandpreferencesusingAI,providinga

personalized interface,quickaccesstothemost

frequentlyusedapps,andpreferredgesturesto

controlthecar’ssoundandon-screennavigation.

Automobile Industry Landscape & Challenges Involved in Adapting AI AstheneedofAIcockpitsisevolvingday-by-day,

it forcesautomakers (OEMandTier-1) tocreate

unique,differentiated,andbrandedexperiencesfor

their customer. Automakers are working with

tech-leadingcompaniestoshowhowAIcancre-

ateatrulyintuitiveandpersonalizedexperiencefor

boththedriverandpassengers.

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Adding valueCompanies should understand how they can create real value for their customers with AI-powered applications.

Unbiased & inclu-sive applications

AI learns from previous data, and therefore it

is important to use different data sets to

create unbiased applications.

Despitetheworldmovingtowarddevelopingnext

generation technology forcustomers, thereare

someidentifiedchallenges/limitationsinadaptingAI:

• DataAvailability,oftentheavailabledataisin-

consistentand/orofpoorquality

• Availabilityof skilledengineersand research

facilities, toeffectivelydevelopandoperateAI

solutions

• Companiesoftenlacktheresourcesandinfra-

structuretodeployAIapplications,forcingthem

toworkwithexperts in thefield, resulting in

increaseddevelopmentandmaintenancecosts.

• Due todifferent international regulations for

handlingandmanagingdata,companieshave

problemsimplementingandusingAIapplications.

• RapiddevelopmentofAIandlackofdiversedata

hasledtoethicalissueswhichisdiscussedinthe

nextsectionindetail.

Code of Ethics for AI / Code of Conduct for AIAstudyconductedbyPegasystemsreportsthat

over70%of respondentsareuneasyaboutAI

technologies.However,thesamestudyalsoshowed

thatcustomers’acceptanceofAIincreaseswhen

theyhaveknowledgeabouthowtheirexperience

hasbeenimprovedbyAI.Atumlaut,westrongly

believethatautomakersneedtoproactivelypromote

howAIcanimprovethein-vehicleexperienceand

whatkindofdataisbeingcollected,howtoensure

security,andwhyit’sneeded,inaccordancewith

nationalandinternationalguidelines.

umlautsupportsitsclientsindefiningsuchanAI

strategythatmeetstheexpectationsoftheclient

andallstakeholdersinvolved.Weofferourclients

deepindustryinsights,comprehensivetrainingon

conceptsaroundAIandconsultingontechnological

andregulatoryissuesinthisfield.

The ethics of Artificial Intelligence Fig. 3.2

Artificial Intelligence

Technical safety & robustnessAI-powered applications must be tested extensively to prevent unin-tended actions and errors.

Explainability & transparencyAI applications should be developed in such a way that humans can understand the decision process at any time.

User data privacyTruly intelligent applications require

an enormous amount of data. Therefore, automotive manufacturers need to manage the collection of this user data while ensuring the highest

possible security for this data.

ResponsibilityAI developers and designers are

responsible for creating applications that are consistent with the ethics and

expectations of other stakeholders.

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Displayshavetakencenterstageinmodernau-

tomotivecockpits.Besidesthetechnologicalen-

hancementsofdisplaysbyinteriorcockpitdesigners,

thedemandforautomotivedisplaysboth inthe

personalandcommercialspaceisincreasingand

expectedtocontinuetogrowinthefuture.Interior

displayandinterfacetechnologyalreadyplayan

ever-increasingvitalroleinmeetingcustomerneeds

andexpectations.

Newcustomersexpect largerandmorecapable

in-vehicledisplayspartiallyasastatementabout

theirhigherpricedpurchaseandtoparticipatein

and justifyanticipated futureuserexperiences.

Suchexpectationencouragescarmakerstorethink

traditionalvehiclescreensizeswhichareexpected

tomorethandoubleoverthenearterm.

Thesweet-spotfordisplaysizesistransitioningfrom

fivetoseveninchesandmorecommonlyeight-inch

screenstohigh-trimcarswith12inches.However,

beyondthescreensizetheuserexperienceiswhat

makesthedifference.Disruptivetechnologysuch

aswell-integratedvoiceassistant intheUXhas

proventoreducescreentimesignificantly.

Displaysinvehiclesareincreasinginsize,valueand

use,leadingtoclearer,morecolorfulimageswith

improved,in-caruserexperiences.Thesefactors

impact theproduction forautomotiveuseand

requiredelicatedevelopmenttimingbecausethe

displayshavetobeabletowithstandnegative40

andplus85degreesCelsiusandundergodifferent

usagethanconsumerelectronics.

4. Display Technologies

More than meets the eye. Elegant functionality.

Layouts of automotive cockpits Fig. 4.1

Traditional Layout The Widescreen Center Display

The T-Shape The L-Shape Instrument Cluster & Center

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EveninthecommonLCDsegmentthereremains

roomforinnovationsuchasLTPS(low-temperature

polysilicon)wherethestandard166pixelsperinch

mayincreaseto200pixelsperinchduetothede-

mandforbiggerscreensrequiringhigherresolution.

Beyondthephysicaldisplayaresurfacetreatments

andlayersthathelpenhancetheexperience.Glare

isacommonissuewhenincreasingdisplaysizesand

addingmorescreens.Therearemethodstoreduce

glare,howeversomecarscreensmaysufferfroma

foggyorhazyeffectbecauseofanti-glarecoating.

AnincreasingnumberofvehicleOEMsaretrying

tofindabalanceamidrequestsforloweramounts

ofanti-glareandusinganti-reflectioncoatings.

Anotherexample isa3Dtouchsurface–aform

ofatouchscreenwitha3Dsurfaceontopofa

display,calledCarbonNanobud(CNB)filmintothe

display.Itcreatesphysicalfingerguidesandhaptic

feedbackthatcanbefeltbytheuser.Usecases

suchas“blindoperation”benefitfromsuchadded

layerstoassurethedriver’seyesremainfocusedon

theroadwhileenhancingmulti-tasking.

AswediscussatransitionfromLCDtoOLED–looking

inthedistantfutureMicroLEDcanovercomeseveral

weaknessesofthelatter.Microscopicself-emissive

inorganicLEDswithhighcontrast,highbrightness,

widecolorgamutandhighpixeldensityareless

affectedbyexternallightsourcesthanOLED.

Bonding technologies adding value Fig. 4.2

Optical BondingOptical bonding involves gluing a cover glass to one or more displays. This offers several im-provements:• Nearly seamless merging of multiple displays

into one with a common glass• Enhancing visibility by reducing internally re-

flected light loss• Extend longevity by keeping out moisture &

dustThe cover glass can be made of extremely robust and scratch-resistant glass and coated with var-ious coatings such as anti-glare, anti-smudge and anti-reflection. Known glasses for displays are Gorilla Glass® by Corning and Dragontrail® by Asahi Glass Corp.

Structural BondingStructural bonding is required to attach the dis-play module to the frame or housing structure of the dashboard or elsewhere in the vehicle. It presents several challenges like bonding narrow edges, thin bonding lines, fast application and multiple substrates.

Display housing Display frame

Display

Glass

Air gap

Modul

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Capacitive touchscreenTouchingthescreeninterruptsthescreen’selectricfieldandenables

detection.Tobuildextremelythindisplays,thetouchscreencanbe

built intothedisplay (“incell”technology).Capacitivetouchscreen

alsosupportsmultitouch.Downsideofthistechnologyisthatitonly

workswithfingersandspecialgloves/pens.

Resistive touchscreenThetouchscreenconsistsoftwoflexiblelayers,thatdetectatouch

whenpressed.Theycanbeusedwithfingers,gloves&pensandare

waterproof.Therearewaystoenablemulti-touch,butitsmorecost

intensive.Becausetwoflexiblelayersmustbeappliedtothescreen,

thesescreensarethickerandmayappearfoggy.

Optical touchscreenOpticalsensorsintheframedetecttouchinteractionswiththedisplays.

Itcanbeusedwithfingers,glovesandpens.Toensuremulti-touch

several sensors in the frameareneededwhich result inabigger

screen.Thistechnologyisveryexpensiveandperformspoorlyinbright

environments,soitisonlyusedinnicheapplications.

Fig. 4.3

Picture quality

Durability Design freedom

CostMarket ready

LCD — Evolution of display technologies

LCD isnowthedominantdisplaytechnology in

theautomotivecockpitdueto itscost-efficient

production&provendurability.Buttheyarelacking

theabilitytodisplaytrueblackanddesignfreedoms

bytheirbuild.MajorLCDmanufacturersdecided

tocloseLCDproductionplantstominimizelosses

andoverproduction.

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Fig. 4.4OLED — Evolution of display technologies

Picture quality


CostMarket ready

Fig. 4.5Micro LED — Evolution of display technologies

Picture quality


CostMarket ready

Micro LEDoffersbettercontrast&picturequalitythanLCD,whilemaintainingasimilarlifespanwhich

issuperior toOLED.But it’snot readyformass

production.Possibleapplicationscanrangefrom

OLEDdisplayscanbe freely shapedandofferhigherimagequality.Thus,itispossibletotransport

thebrandidentityfromtheoutsidetotheinside

andtocreateauniformdesign.ButOLEDsare

infotainment,digitalmirrors,smalldisplaysinthe

pillarsandarmrest.Majordisplaymanufacturesare

heavilyinvestingintoMicroLEDtechnology.

cost-intensiveandhavenoprovendurability in

thisenvironment.FormerLCDmanufacturersare

nowshiftingtoOLEDwhichwillresultinlowercost

inthefuture.

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Sofar,wehavediscussedtechnologiesthatdirectly

affectthe in-vehiclecabinexperience,butcon-

sumersalsoexpecttocontrolandmonitortheircar

viasmartphoneorothersmartdevices.Carmakers

haverespondedtothisdemandbyofferingapps

andwebsitestoenablesuchremoteservices.Such

featuresandtechnologieswillbepresentedinthe

followingsection.

Themanufacturer’ssmartphoneappallowsowners

toconnecttotheirvehicleviathecloudandacti-

vate remote accessfunctionssuchasstart/stop,

preheatingandcoolingthevehicle, lock/unlock,

schedulestartandaccessvehiclewindows,trunk

andlights.

Remote diagnosisallowscustomerstoschedule

anappointmentwiththedealerandsharevehicle

datawithOEMstomonitororpredictpossiblewear

andtearof thevehicleduring its lifecycle.Most

globalOEMsoffersuchremotediagnosticservices

totheircustomersfreeofchargetoavoidlong-term

vehiclerepairs,whichcanleadtohigherworkshop

utilizationandstrongerbrandloyalty.

Vehicle locatorservicesallowconsumerstofind

parkedvehiclelocations,setgeofencestonotify

theuserifthecarleavesorentersthemarkedarea

andmonitorthevehiclespeedandroutedrivenby

thecar. It canalsobeusedbyOEMs to track

stolenvehiclesandallowthepoliceto remotely

controlthestolenvehicle, i.e.,slowdownorshut

downthevehicle.

5. Remote Services

End-to-end Connectivity

Remote services enabled by 5G Fig. 5.1

Remote Services

Remote monitoring

Eco-friendly driving

Smart route planning

Remote parking

5G

Mobile app & smart devices

Website Call center

Remote diagnosis

Vehicle locator

Remote access

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SeveralOEMsofferconsumerstheoptionofusing

theirapps forsmart route planning.Theycan

sendtheplannedroutedirectlytotheon-board

navigationviathecloud.Intheprocess,energy-and

time-savingroutesaresuggestedtothecustomer.

RouteplanningisparticularlyrelevantforBEVsin

termsofchargingstationlocationsandtheranges

inbetween.

SincetheadventofmodernAIprocessingSOCs,

OEMshavebeensuccessfullyabletointegratead-

vancedelectronicssecuritysystemsintothemodern

digitalcockpittohelpimprovevehiclesecurityby

enablingremote monitoring functions.Oneof

thepopularexamplesofsuchsystems(available

inTeslavehicles)isfamouslyknownastheSentry

mode. It isalso integratedwiththeTeslamobile

applicationforconvenientuseraccess.Thissystem

allows the recordingofanypotential threats to

thevehiclesuchasbreak-insusinganyavailable

vehiclecameras.OtherOEMshaveattemptedto

replicate its functionalitywithsomearchitectural

anddevelopmentlimitations.

Duetothegrowingdemandforautonomousdriv-

ing,OEMshavesignificantly invested invehicle

architecturesrichinautonomousfeatures.Remote

parkingisonesuchfeaturethathasbeenusedto

promoteusercomfort.Thisfeatureallowstheuser

toremotelycontroltheirvehiclewhilestandingnear

itinaparkinglot.Thisfunctionalitycanbeusedto

helpparkthevehicleintightparkingspotsoreven

allowthevehicletodrivetotheuserautonomously

withthehelpoftheOEMmobileapplicationand

vehiclesensors.

Consumersarebecomingmoreandmoreenviron-

mentallyconsciousandareinterestedinreducing

theirenergyconsumption.Withthehelpofonboard

telematics, thedriver’sdrivingbehaviorcanbe

examinedandtips foraneco-friendly driving

stylecanbegiventothedriverviaanapp.

Alltheseservicesrequireasafeandsecurecom-

municationbetweencar,cloudandsmartphone,

whichiscurrentlymainlypoweredby4G(LTE).But

networkoperatorsareheavilyinvestingin5G,which

offerssignificantadvantagesoveritspredecessor,

suchas10to100timesfasterspeeds,ultra-low

latencyenablingreal-timeapplications(aslowas

1-5milliseconds),higherreliability&safety(thanks

toAI/MLmonitoringofthenetwork),bettercov-

erage,and lowerbatteryconsumptionenabling

theuseofmoreIoTdevicesandthusnewpossible

applications.Although,itshouldbenotedthatthe

implementationof5Gcanvarybetweendifferent

mobilecarriersaswellasdifferentcountrymobile

networkinfrastructuresaroundtheworldandthere-

fore,regional5Gcapabilitiesneedtobeanalyzed

before implementing in-vehicle5Gdependent

featuresandfunctions.

umlaut, incollaborationwithConnectmagazine,

recentlypublishedanarticleontheglobalrollout

of5Gthatusescrowdsourceddata toprovide

valuableinsights.Youcanfindthearticleviathis

link5GGlobalRollout.

https://www.umlaut.com/uploads/documents/202106_5G_global_connect_umlaut_EN.pdf

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Attheturnofthe20thcentury,theuser-centric

designmodelwasbeingconsideredtobethekey

toproductsuccessonthemassmarket.Thismodel

still ringstruetoday.Theuser-centricapproach

dictatessolvingaproblemthecurrentconsumer

hasthatwasnotpreviouslysolved.Someofthese

problemsincludeddailylifeactivitysuchassmart

automationtakingadvantageoftheIoTtechnical

revolutionsweepingconsumerelectronicsatthe

turnofthe21stcentury.TheAutomotiveindustry

haslongbeenknowntoconsideritselfisolatedfrom

consumerelectronicsduetothelackofconnectivity

infrastructureandhardwarehowevertheadventof

5Gnetworktechnologyhashelpedrealizetheidea

ofauser-centricecosystemforthedailydriver.In

themoderndigitalcockpit, thisecosystemnow

includeswidelyusedIoTtechnologiessuchashome

securityalertsandappliancecontrols,integration

ofstreamingservicesandmobilemessagingappli-

cations,office-specificPCapplications,anddigital

financialservicesandproducts.

Smart Homedeviceshavegeneratedrevenuesof

USD$84.5billionandisexpectedtogrowwitha

compoundannualgrowthrate(CAGR)of10.4%from

2021to2026.However,OEMshavebeenreluctantto

integratesmarthomeecosystemsintotheirvehicles

duetotheextremelyfragmentedmarketandlackof

basicstandardizationthatenablescommunication

betweendevicesfromdifferentvendors.However,

6. Ecosystems

IoT Touchpoints of Future Cars

majorIoTmanufacturershavecreatedtheMatter

(formerlyCHIP) initiativetoreducefragmentation

andenableinteroperabilityfordifferentsmarthome

andIoTvendors.OEMshavealsobeguntoenable

thecontrolofsmarthomedevicesdirectly from

thevehiclesuchasviawebbrowserinsidethecar,

smartphoneintegration,andintegratedapps.

Streaming serviceshavebecomeapopularway

toconsumemediabecausecustomershavethe

freedomofchoicetohear/watchthecontentthey

wantatanygiventime.Carmakershaveunderstood

thisandstartedtointegratestreamingproviders

in theirvehicles.Currently,allmajorOEMshave

startedtointegratemusic/podcaststreamingser-

vicesintotheirinfotainmentsystems.Additionally,

moviestreamingplatformssuchasFireTVare

beingadaptedforrearseatentertainmentinlux-

uryvehicles.Andwiththeadventofautonomous

cartechnology,5Gnetworkingstandardsandthe

resultingleisuretime,smoothstreamingofmovies

in4Kandcloudgamingwillenhancethecabin

experiencefordailydrivers.

The in-cabin officeofferscustomerstheoppor-

tunitytousetheirtimeinthecartobemorepro-

ductive.Synchronizationofproductivityapplications

withthecarhasprovidedtheconvenienceofin-ve-

hiclemessaging,Video/audiocall functionality

throughthevehicle,appointmentreminders,and

automaticrecognitionofrouteslinkedtocalendar

entriesarealreadybeingbuiltintocurrentvehicles

byOEMs.Unfortunately,thesesystemsarefrag-

mentedandcumbersometo link.Manufacturers

needtosyncthecustomer’scalendars,productiv-

ityappsandcloudstoragesdirectlywiththeirapp

andthecartocreateatrulyseamlessexperience.

Particularlywiththeadventofautonomousdriving,

customerswillwanttousetheirfreetimeintheir

carstobemoreproductive.

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33

Digital Walletshaveseenwideadoptionamong

consumersinrecentyearsduetoincreasedcon-

venienceandsafety.Automakersarenotyetfully

deployingthistypeoftechnology,eventhoughit

offerstheopportunitytocreatenewrevenuestreams

andenhancecustomer involvement.Currently,

theirmainofferingsincludeaDigitalKeystoredin

amobileapplication.Butmoderndigitalwalletscan

alsostoreyourfinancialserviceapplicationsuchas

bankapplications,Venmo,Alipayanddigitalcredit

cards.Storingthesekindsofinformationinsidethe

carcancreateanevenmoreconvenientexperience

forthecustomer.Imagineorderingsomethingtoeat

atadrive-inandpayingdirectlyinthecarinstead

ofgettingyoursmartphoneorcreditcardoutafter

thecustomerisauthenticatedbythevehicleusing

biometricencryption.

Digital Keytechnologyallowscustomerstousetheir

smartphoneorothersmartdeviceasakeyfobthat

providesvariousfunctionssuchaslocking/unlocking

thevehicleandstartingandstoppingremotely.In

addition,customerscaneasilysharetheirkeywith

friendsandfamilymembersviatheirsmartphone.

Eachkeycanbeassignedspecificvalues,suchas

restrictingaccesstothevehicle’sdoorsorlimiting

thepowersupply.Themasterkeyholdercanalso

revokeaspecifickeyatanytime.AllmajorOEMs

offerorplantomakethistechnologyavailableto

theircustomers.Theunderlayingcommunication

protocolsenablingthesetechnolgies foruseare

Near-Field-Communication(NFC)andBluetooth

LowEnergy(BLE),eachofferingdifferentadvantages

anddisadvantagesoftheother.Thenextbigstep

willbetheuseofUltraWideband(UWB),which

offersmoresecureandconvenientaccessthanthe

technologiescurrentlyoffered.Atumlaut,weare

currentlysupportingaglobaloperatingOEMand

Tier1suppliertoimplementthistechnologyintheir

upcomingmodels.

The digital cockpit as the center of the digital ecosystem Fig. 6.1

In-Cabin Office Digital Wallet

Digital Key

Streaming

Smart Home

Digital Cockpit

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35

Thisecosystemofcustomer-centricapplications

enablesOEMstoprovidetheircustomerswitha

seamless,personalizedexperienceintheirdailylives.

Thispersonalizedexperienceishighlycustomizable

andadaptstothecustomer’sbehaviorandpref-

erencesbasedontheirdailyusage.Thislearning

isdoneusingAI,whichrequiresa largeamount

ofdata frommultiplesourcesandtremendous

computingpower.Tounlockthefullpotentialof

thisdata,pre-processingandnormalizationusing

edge computingand5Giscritical.Edgecomputing

reducestheamountofdatathatneedstobesent

tothecloud,while5Ghastheneededbandwidth

andreliabilitytoenablesafereal-timeapplications.

Cloudcomputing isusedtofurtheranalyze itto

createactionable insightsfortheOEMitselfand

otherpartners in theecosystem.Thesecanbe

usedwithSDKstocreateahighlypersonalizedand

immersiveexperience.

Overview of the digital cockpit ecosystem Fig. 6.2

In-House

• Cybersecurity • AI Capabilities• Agile Product

Development • Data Analytics

Sensor Data

• Voice• Speed• Interaction• Biometrics• Location• Other

OEM Cloud

• Testing & Validation• Access & Version

Control• Training & Validation

of ML Models• Data Processing &

Normalization

In-Vehicle

• Sensor Fusion• Edge Compunting• Data Cleansing &

Preprocessing• Machine Learning

Interference

Application Devel-oper

• Banking• Digital Platforms• IoT Vendors• Streaming Providers

Application

• Smart Home• Digital Key• Streaming• Digital Wallet• In-Cabin Office

Data

StandadizedAccess via OEM SDK

Approval and Deployment via OEM

Secure Upload

OTA Update

Standardized Access via

3rd party SDKCode

Actionable Insights

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37

Sustainablecompetitiveadvantageiscriticalinevery

industry,andthatiscertainlythecaseintoday’s

automotive industry.Successfulbusinessmodels

require laser focusonthecustomerexperience,

andcompetitivedifferentiation.Theuseofdigital

technologiesandfocusonuniqueconsumerde-

mandsarehelpingtodefineandinfluencetoday’s

vehicles.umlautexpertsbelievethatOEMscan

focusonthesix factorshighlightedbelowwhile

designingthemoderndigitalcockpit toensure

uniquenessandcreateacompetitiveadvantage

overtheircompetitors.

Automakersareexploringnew business models

tocreatemoresustainableandrecurringrevenue

streams,beyondthereliancesolelyonsellingnew

cars.TechnologiessuchasOTA(over-the-air)and

targetaudienceitcouldbetheonlyreasontobuy

thatcar.Forexample,trailerparkingassistisuseful

fortrucksandlargeSUVsthatareoftenusedfor

towing,butlesssoforsmallercars.Anotherexample

is remoteparkingwithasmartphone.Forsome

tech-savvycustomers,thisisareasontochoose

onebrandoveranother.

A long-standingbusinesspracticeof software

companies is toprovideservices inaveryearly

stateandtopermanentlyimprovetheseservices

throughupdates.TechnologiessuchasOTAmake

thispossiblebyallowingsoftwareandfirmwareto

beupdatedovertheairi.e.,remotely,ratherthan

goingtoadealership.OEMscanusethistoposition

themselvesasthebrandwhichisfirst to market

withnewestcutting-edgetechnology.However,it

5Gareopeningnewwaystocreatevaluethrough-

outthevehiclelifecyclebyenablingOEMstooffer

in-demandcustomerfeaturessuchasconnectivity

packagesandin-vehiclethirdpartymobileappli-

cationssuchasSpotifyorNetflix.Theseservicesare

primarilyofferedusingsubscription-basedmodels,

withOEMsdifferentiatingbythelengthofthefree

trialperiod,astandardfreeoption,andincluding

theoption topay tounlockpremium features

duringvehiclepurchase,alsoknownasfreemium,

orstandardfixedprices.

Creatingandofferingunique use casesthatcus-

tomerswantisalsoawayforcarmakerstostand

out inahighlycompetitivemarket.Customers

other thanyourtargetaudiencemightconsider

somethinglikethisauselessgimmick,butforyour

isimportanttoconsiderthatavehiclemustmeet

significantlyhighersoftwaresafetyandreliability

standardsthanconsumerelectronics.

Offeringthenewest technology insidethecar

canbeastrongreasonforconsumerstochoose

aspecificbrandalthoughitcomeswiththediffi-

cultyofofferingcompetitivepricing.SomeOEMs

areusingcutting-edgetechnologiestoprovide

multipleOLEDdisplaysunderoneglasstocreate

the illusionofoneunifieddisplay.Ontheother

hand,newtechnologiescanalsobeusedtomas-

sivelyreducecostsinproduction,whichresultsin

astrategicadvantage.

Insteadoffocusingonhigherpricespercar,auto-

makerscanalsoremaincompetitivebyincreasing

theirmarket sharewithcompetitivepricing.This

7. Differentiators in the Digital Cockpit The need for a brand specific digital experience

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39

strategicapproachofferssomeadvantagesthat

offsetthelowerprofitmarginpercarsold.Alarger

numberofcustomersisanincentiveforappde-

veloperstousetheautomaker’splatformandtools

tocreatemorecontent,offeringcustomersawider

rangeofservicesandpersonalizationfeatures.In

addition,morecarsalsomeanmoredata that

canbeusedtogainactionableinsightsthatlead

tobetterservices,betterproducts,andabetter

understandingofcustomerneeds.

OneofthekeywaystheOEMscansuccessfully

implementtheabovedifferentiatorsisbyimprov-

ingtheirusecasedevelopment,maintenanceand

improvementstrategy.Forexample,theimproved

businessmodeldiscussedabovecanbeintegrated

intotheusecasedevelopmentprocessbyinvolving

thebusinessdevelopmentteamasastakeholder

forthefeatureorfunction.

Overthepastdecades,automakershavecreated

certainbrand imagestodifferentiatethemselves

fromothersintheirsegments.Newtechnologies,such

astheadvanceddisplaytechnologiesmentioned

inchapter3,givedesignersnewdesignfreedoms.

Itisthuspossibletocreateatrulyuniformdesign

languageforthebrand.

umlaut’sexpertsfirmlybelievethatautomakersthat

trulyunderstandtheircustomers’andthepotential

ofthedigitalcockpit,willbeabletocompeteina

highlydisruptiveenvironment.

40


41

TheDigitalCockpitwithitsnewtechnologiesand

functionsenablesautomakerstodifferentiatethem-

selvesfromoneanother,butthequestionremains

howOEMscanmonetizethesenewservices.After

all, softwarecompanies inparticularhave fun-

damentallychangedthewaycustomerspayfor

services,andautomakersarebeginningtoadopt

thesechanges.Atumlaut,wehaveidentifiedthe

following4keywaysOEMscanleveragethesenew

waysofmonetization.

Subscription-based servicesareaconvenient

wayforcustomerstobuyaserviceonlywhenthey

reallyneed it.Knownprimarily fromstreaming

providers,subscription-basedservicesarenowa

Data-driven services playacriticalroleincreat-

ingvalueforthecustomerandtheautomakerby

analyzingcustomerdatainthevehicleusingedge

computingandAI,OEMscanofferhighlyperson-

alizedandconvenientexperiencesandservices

forcustomersthatcanbemonetizeddirectlyor

indirectly.Forexample,vehicledatacanbeused

toenablepredictivemaintenance,leadingtohigher

customerloyaltyandbetterutilizationofin-house

workshops.Inaddition,thisdatacanprovidein-

sightsintowhichservicesarevaluedbycustomers

andhowproductscanbe improved.Theythus

generateindirectrevenue.Thisdatacanalsobe

usedtocreatehighlypersonalizedservicesand

experiencestowhichcustomerscansubscribe.In

relevantwayofmonetizationineveryindustry,e.g.

insteadofbuyinggroceriesonaregularbasis,you

subscribetoaservicethatdeliversyoudishesto

cookyourself.AllmajorOEMshavenowadopted

thiswayofmonetizationnowadaysbyofferingre-

moteservices(chapter5)aspartofasubscription

model. Inaddition,themajorcarmanufacturers

havestartedtooffervehicle functionsasdigital

retrofitsviaOTA.Theseunlockabledigitalfunctions

primarilyincludedriverassistancesystems,lightand

soundpackages.Thisleadstolesscomplexityfor

theautomakersandthustoloweroverallcosts.The

customergetsmoreflexibilityintheuseofcertain

servicesandapotentiallyhigherresalevaluedue

toeasierupgradability.

addition,these insightsenablethemanufacturer

tosell theseactionable insights to thirdparties

todevelophighlycustomizedservices suchas

usage-basedinsurance.However,allofthismust

bedoneonlywiththeconsentofcustomersand

withintheframeworkofnationallegislation.

8. Monetization

Experiences and New Revenue Streams

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43

Access to the in-car ecosystemforthird-party

providersisanotherwayforautomakerstomon-

etizethevehiclecockpit.Insteadoftryingtooffer

allservices,manufacturerscanfocusontheircore

competenciesandallowestablishedbrandstoaccess

thevehiclewiththeirwell-knownservices.These

servicescanbemonetizeddirectlybytheservice

providerchargingafeeforeachin-apppurchase

madebythecustomer,or indirectlythroughthe

addedvaluetothevehicleandbrandprovidedby

thewiderangeofservicesavailable.

Newsoftwareandsystemarchitecturespresented

inchapter2,empowerupgradeability through

centralization,whichwaspreviouslynotpossiblein

theautomotivesector.Bycentralizing100+ECUsin

afewHPCs,itwillbepossibletoupdatecomputing

powerneedforadvancedfeaturesandservices

throughoutthelifecycle.Asaresult,vehiclesstay

freshthroughouttheiruseful life,achievehigher

resalevalues,aremoresustainable,andincrease

customerloyalty.

Monetization strategies for the digital cockpit Fig. 8.1

Subscriptions-based servicesDirect: Digital after-sales purchases and subscrip-tion-based features create continuous revenue streamsIndirect: Lower complexity and therefore lower cost, higher resell value due to increased flexibility

Data-driven servicesDirect: Selling consumer

data to third party providers and highly

personalized services to the customer

Indirect: Gaining action-able insights from data to

increase brand loyalty, component reliability and

the value of specific services to the customer

Access to the in-car ecosystem Direct: Fee for in-app purchases made by the customerIndirect: Added value for the customer through a variety of services

UpgradeabilityDirect: Selling hardware

upgrades to gain access to new functionalities

Indirect: More flexibility for the customers and

increased brand loyalty

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45

Sofar,we’vepresentedwhatnewtechnologieswill

bepartofthedigitalcockpitandhowautomakers

canmonetizethemanddifferentiatethemselves.

Buthowwill thischangetheexperiencefor the

customer?

Imagineleavingyourhousetostartyourworkday.

Youwillunlockyourcareitherwithyoursmartphone

orwithsometypeofbiometrics(face/finger)and

youwon’thavetoworryaboutforgettingyourcar

keyanymore.

Whenyougetinthecar,itisalreadycooled/heated

toyourdesiredtemperature,youwillbegreeted

withapersonalizedmessage,themaindisplaywill

showthe ideal routetoworkandthesongyou

werelisteningtoathomebeforewillbeplayedin

thecar.Thecarisreadytodrivewhenyougetin:

justpressthebrake,putitingearanddriveoff.

Whiledriving,youwillreceiveanotificationabout

arescheduledappointment,whichyoucanattend

directlyinthecarcourtesyoftheconnectiontoyour

calendar.Thankstothelatestdisplaytechnologies,

semi-autonomousdriving,andadvancedsound

system,youcanattendthemeetingwithoutworrying

aboutyoursafetyormissinganythingimportant.

Afterastressfuldayatwork,yougetintoyourcar

anditimmediatelysensesyou’reuncomfortableand

askstoturnonyourenergyandhealthfeatures.

Whiledrivinghome,youreceiveatextmessage

9. Overall Cockpit Experience

The Third Living Space

fromyourfamilyaskingforapizzatogo.Youreply

viatheinfotainmentsystemandaskyourcarfora

fewpizzaplacesonthewayhome.

Afterdecidingonarestaurant,youplaceanorder

andpaydirectlyfromthecar.Onceattherestau-

rant,theownertellsyouthatyourorderwilltakean

extra10minutes,butthat’snotaproblemforyou.

Youjustwaitinyourcarandwatchsomevideos

onastreamingplatformonyourin-cabinscreen.

Afteryougetthepizza,youcontinuedrivinghome.

Yourfamilyreceivesanotificationofyourestimated

arrivaltimeandpreparesthedinnertableforyou.

Mostoftheseserviceswillbeofferedbycarman-

ufacturersaroundtheworldinthenextfewyears,

andweatumlautareworkingwiththemtodevelop

andimplementthesenewtechnologies.Wehelp

majorOEMsandTier1suppliers implementnew

waystoenterthecarandmakethevehicleeven

moreconnectedandintelligent.Amongothers,we

areworkingwithamajormanufacturerontheE/E

systemarchitectureof futurethatwediscussed

inchapter2,thedigitalkeyconceptdescribedin

chapter7andweactasanintermediaryfordata

protectionregulationsbetweenlocalentitiesofa

globalautomotivemanufacturer.

46

umlaut Whitepaper

10. Conclusion

thistransformationisthesystemarchitecturethat

reducescomplexity,simplifiesupdateprocesses,

andincreasesreuseofsoftwarecomponents.

Similar to itssmaller form-factorcousins in the

consumerelectronicssector,theautomotivecockpit

istransformingtoanewdigitalproduct.Automotive

playersmustputthepedaltothemetalbyredefining

thehardwareandsoftwarearchitecturethatpowers

usecasesthatremainfreshforfuturegenerations.

Inthiswhitepaperwecoveredseverallayersofthe

automotivecockpit including itshardwarearchi-

tectureandsoftwarelayeratthecore,aswellas

theuserexperiencethatstartsfromthetouchof

thedisplaytotheseamlessflowofmonetizable

connectedservices.

Theleapinautomotivecockpittechnologies,andthe

decouplingofhardwareandsoftwaredevelopment

processeshastransformedmanycarmakerstothe

extentthattheyarerebuildingtheirorganizations

toputconnectedtechnologiesandsoftwarefirst.

Thenewapproachtovehiclearchitecture isan

indicatorthatthemarketforcarelectronicsand

softwarewillgrowmuch faster than theoverall

automotivemarket.ConsequentlyOEMs,tierone

suppliers,andsemiconductorandsoftwareplayers

facechallengingandnewopportunitiesalongthe

valuechainofthecar.

Whilethelatestcockpitinnovationsarecurrentlyseen

atthepremiumpricesegment,thenextgeneration

systemsareexpectedtoentermoremassmarket

vehiclesoverthenextfewyears.Attheheartof

Our next white paper in the Auto-motive Digital Cockpit series will be a deep dive in use cases and new connected service innovations.

Appen —

dix.

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51

[2.1] NewunifiedE/Earchitecturesmadepossiblebyvirtualization

[3.1] SubdomainsofArtificialIntelligence

[3.2] TheethicsofArtificialIntelligence

[4.1] Layoutsofautomotivecockpits

[4.2] Bondingtechnologiesaddingvalue

[4.3] LCD-Evolutionofdisplaytechnologies

[4.4] OLED-Evolutionofdisplaytechnologies

[4.5] MicroLED-Evolutionofdisplaytechnologies

[5.1] Remoteservicesenabledby5G

[6.1] Thedigitalcockpitasthecenterofthedigitalecosystem

[6.2] Overviewofthedigitalcockpitecosystem

[8.1] Monetizationstrategiesforthedigitalcockpit

List of figures.

Software:

https://www.embitel.com/blog/embedded-blog/car-with-a-cockpit-how-digital-cockpit-solutions-

are-making-this-a-reality

https://www.st.com/content/ccc/resource/sales_and_marketing/presentation/product_presentation/

group0/02/cb/7a/e7/8d/aa/40/1e/China_STM_MCU_Techincal_Day_5_Elektrobit_AUTOSAR_Intro-

duction/files/China_STM_MCU_Techincal_Day_5_Elektrobit_AUTOSAR_Introduction.pdf/jcr:content/

translations/en.China_STM_MCU_Techincal_Day_5_Elektrobit_AUTOSAR_Introduction.pdf

https://www.electronicdesign.com/technologies/embedded-revolution/article/21148362/

siemens-whats-best-for-your-multicore-designa-hypervisor-or-multicore-framework

https://www.ti.com/lit/wp/spry317b/spry317b.pdf?ts=1632304335563

https://blackberry.qnx.com/en/software-solutions/automotive/qnx-platform-for-digital-cockpits

https://armkeil.blob.core.windows.net/developer/Files/pdf/report/ivi-cockpit-report.pdf

https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/02/28/1992564/0/en/Global-Intelligent-

Cockpit-Platforms-for-Automobiles-Market-2020-Special-Focus-on-Chinese-Industry.html

Sources.

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53

Imprint.

AuthorsNavidFirouz

[email protected]

PascalKügler

[email protected]

PintoMathai

[email protected]

AnujNeema

[email protected]

SunilSharma

[email protected]

umlaut SE

Am Kraftversorgungsturm 3

52070 Aachen

Germany

www.umlaut.com

[email protected]

March 1, 2022

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Connected (Digital) Cockpit - umlaut