Data Collection for solar powered Geysers

ASSIGNMENT: I

Mechanical Engineering Design

Submitted by:

Firasat Noor 2013094

Syed Jalal Farid 2013378

Syed Maaz Bin Razi 2013381

Syed Saad Rehman 2013393

Submitted to: Dr. Wasim Ahmed Khan

ME-362 GIK Institute of Engineering

Mechanical Engineering Design Sciences and Technology, Pakistan

2 | P a g e

Table of Contents Section: 1 ................................................................................................................................................ 4

1.1. Problem statement: ................................................................................................................... 4

1.2. Abstract: .................................................................................................................................... 4

1.3. Introduction: ............................................................................................................................. 4

1.4. Survey: ....................................................................................................................................... 5

1.5. Pareto chart for responses: .................................................................................................... 12

1.6. Product design specifications: ................................................................................................ 13

1.7. Quality function deployment .................................................................................................. 15

References ............................................................................................................................................. 16



3 | P a g e

Table of figures

Figure 1: Solar water heater installed on a house ................................................................................... 4

Figure 2: Relative frequency of responses ............................................................................................ 11

Figure 3: Bar chart for responses .......................................................................................................... 11

Figure 4: Pareto chart for responses ...................................................................................................... 12

Figure 5: Affinity diagram .................................................................................................................... 12

Figure 6: Quality function deployment ................................................................................................. 15



4 | P a g e

Section: 1 1.1. Problem statement:

The objective of this project is to design and study the feasibility of a solar water geyser,

for achieving cost and energy efficiency in the operation of water geysers.

1.2. Abstract:

This report is all about the hard work that will go into designing and optimizing a solar

water geyser. This report includes the analytical, numerical and experimental calculations

that will be required to achieve our objective. The economic benefits of using this system

will also be presented.

1.3. Introduction:

Solar water heaters use the solar energy from the sun to generate heat (not electricity)

which can then be used to heat water for showering, space heating, industrial processes or

even solar cooling. (Solar water heaters n.d.)

Pakistan right now is facing huge energy crisis. Be it the consumption of electricity or

natural gas, we are facing great difficulties in meeting its current demand for energy. So

there is an increasing requirement for alternative sources of energies and the need to

develop these resources. These most common alternative forms include solar, wind and

bio mass. Out of all the alternatives, the solar energy is the most efficient and easy to use.

Solar water heating systems use solar collectors and a liquid handling unit to transfer heat

to the water in the storage tank. The liquid handling unit includes a pump and control and

safety equipment. Many systems may also have a backup heater to ensure that all of the

hot water needs of the consumer are met even when there is insufficient sunshine. (Solar

water heating 2016)

Figure 1: Solar water heater installed on a

house



5 | P a g e

1.4. Survey:

In order to study the market for the solar water geysers and to optimize their design, a survey

was conducted on the internet. The subject of the survey were people belonging to different

classes of the society. They were inquired about their views on the current water heating system

and the possible improvements in them. The main questions of the survey and their responses

are as follows:

1. What kind of energy source do you use for your geyser to heat water at your home?

Electricity 5 6.8%

Gas 56 76.7%

Solar Energy 1 1.4%

I don’t have a geyser 11 15.1%

2. If your answer to Q.1 is I don’t have a geyser, do you intend to buy geyser for your home

in the coming few months?

Yes 9 20.5%

No 35 79.5%

3. If you intend to buy a geyser, what would be your decision of buying a geyser based on?

Efficiency 46 71.9% 71.9% Maintenance Cost 6 9.4% Aesthetic 5 7.8% Price 7 10.9%

4. If all the 3 types (in Q1) are available at same price, which one you would like to buy?

Electricity 7 10.1% Gas 9 13% Solar Energy 53 76.8%

5. While comparing a gas or electric geyser with a solar geyser, which factor will you

compare?

Power Consumption 29 41.4% Price 16 22.9% Ease of Use 22 31.4% Aesthetic 3 4.3%



6 | P a g e

6. How much cash (PKR) are you willing to spend on buying yourself a new geyser?

7. If you are using a geyser that works on electricity or gas, are you satisfied from its

performance?

8. Does your geyser produce unnecessary sound while operating?

9. Are you satisfied with the physical size of your geyser?

10. Do you want to install an automatic ON/OFF switch for your geyser?

11. What temperature (Degree Celsius) of hot water do you desire?

50008000 23 32.9%

800015000 40 57.1%

1500025000 5 7.1%

Above 25000 2 2.9%

Yes 36 50.7%

No 6 8.5%

Somewhat Satisfied 21 29.6%


Yes 8 11.1%

No 56 77.8%


Yes 37 52.1%

No 25 35.2%


Yes 63 94%

No 4 6%

3035 14 20.3%

3540 31 44.9%

4045 18 26.1%

Above 45 6 8.7%



7 | P a g e

12. Are you satisfied from the monthly electricity/gas bill?

13. Do you have any electricity/gas load shedding in your area?

14. If yes, then how many hours daily load shedding your area experiences?

15. For how many hours is sunlight available in your area, on daily basis?

16. How many cloudy days do you expect in a week?

17. What is the source of Water at your home?

18. How much gallons of hot water is consumed at your home daily on average basis?

Yes 27 38.6%

No 32 45.7%

Somewhat satisfied 11 15.7%

Yes 47 67.1%

No 23 32.9%

13 26 48.1%

46 15 27.8%

710 7 13%

More than 10 6 11.1%

23 0 0

46 15 21.1%

78 34 47.9%

More than 8 20 28.2%

No sunlight 2 2.8%

12 42 59.2%

34 6 8.5%

57 1 1.4%

No cloudy days 22 31%

Tube Well 8 11.3%

Municipal 40 56.3%

River 1 1.4%

Dam 2 2.8%

Other 20 28.2%

2050 18 25.7%

50100 19 27.1%



8 | P a g e

19. How much storage tank in gallons do you want to be installed for heated water?

20. At what time of the day do you utilize maximum amount of hot water?

21. Are you aware of dangers regarding the use of electric or gas geysers?

22. If yes, do you take any preventive measures to avoid it?

23. Do you think that Solar Geyser will be a safe heating system for heating water at your

home?

24. Would like to install a solar powered geyser?

Above 100 6 8.6%

No idea 27 38.6%

50 17 23.9%

100 17 23.9%

200 10 14.1%

No idea 27 38%

6:00 am 10:00 am 36 50.7%

10:00 am 3:00 pm 20 28.2%

3:00 pm 8:00 pm 6 8.5%

8:00 pm 12:00 am 9 12.7%

Yes 47 66.2%

No 24 33.8%

Yes 30 44.1%

No 18 26.5%

I’m not aware 28 29.4%

Yes 64 90.1%

No 7 9.9%

Yes 62 87.3%

No 9 12.7%



9 | P a g e

25. If the answer to the above question is yes, then would you be able to install a backup

source for your geyser, in case when the sun doesn’t show up for a few days?

Yes, in the form of a battery 22 33.3%

In the form electric heater 9 13.6%

In the form gas heater 21 31.8%

No 14 21.2%



10 | P a g e

Relative frequency of responses:

Question Number Number Of Responses Relative Frequency

1 56 75.6

2 35 47.3

3 46 62.2

4 53 71.6

5 29 39.2

6 40 54.0

7 36 48.6

8 56 75.7

9 37 50.0

10 63 85.1

11 33 41.8

12 32 43.2

13 47 63.5

14 26 35.1

15 34 45.9

16 42 56.7

17 40 54

18 27 36.4

19 27 36.4

20 36 48.6

21 47 63.5

22 30 40.5

23 64 86.4

24 62 83.7



11 | P a g e

Figure 2: Relative frequency of responses

Figure 3: Bar chart for responses

25 22 29.7

Total

74



12 | P a g e

1.5. Pareto chart for responses:

Figure 4: Pareto chart for responses

Affinity diagram:

Performance Aesthetics Environment Demand Features Other

18 3 13 1 10 6

12 5 14 2 11 20

7 8 15 4 19 21

9 16 23 25 22

17 24 Figure 5: Affinity diagram



13 | P a g e

1.6. Product design specifications:

Product title:

Solar water geyser

Purpose:

To provide an energy and cost efficient alternative that heats water for domestic users and is

less hazardous to the environment as compared to the current water heating systems.

New or special features:

Low maintenance cost

Less hazardous to the environment

Automatic on/off switch system

Backup system in case of no sunlight

Competition:

Will compete against the electric and gas powered geysers, produced by many manufacturers.

Intended market:-

We will sell the product directly to domestic consumers. 8 to 10 hours of load shedding of

electricity and gas in Pakistan will raise our products demand. Another intended market can be

large scale industries that consume hot water for their processes.

Need for product:

A survey was conducted among possible customers, which showed overwhelming response

from the users. Around 87 % of user showed willingness to install a solar water geyser at their

homes.

Relationship to existing products:

This product will be new of its type. There aren’t any solar powered geysers available in the

local market.

Price:

In any situation the intended price won’t exceed Rs. 15000/-. The average price of the product

will be around Rs. 12000/-.

Functional requirements:

Collects solar energy and use it to heat water.

Able to store around 100 gallons of water.

Has an electric or gas powered backup in case if the sunlight isn’t sufficient.

The material will be corrosion resistant.

Will have an automatic on/off switch.



14 | P a g e

Physical requirements:

Solar energy collector’s area= 3 m2

Rectangular flat shape of collector

Material of collector would be copper

Tank capacity = 300 liters

Automatic on/off switch

Appropriate battery backup

Service Requirements:

Storage tank material should be stable to -5 0C to 45 0C and high relative humidity.

Life cycle issues:

Should be reliable and durable.

Easy maintenance

Should last for 20 years

Should be capable of storing hot water for 10 hours

The materials used should be such that it can be utilized after retirement or can be

disposed of properly without any harm to environment.

Human factors:

Noiseless

No water leakage

Corporate constraints:

It must be supplied to the market consistently to fulfill the market need.

It must have its trademark and patent.

Must conform to code of ethics

Must be in market within one month

Legal requirements:

Should be approved by EPA.

No toxic materials should be used in manufacturing



15 | P a g e

1.7. Quality function deployment

Figure 6: Quality function deployment



16 | P a g e

References Dieter, George E., and Linda C. Schmidt. 2007. Engineering Design. New York: McGraw-Hill.

n.d. "Solar water heaters." Apricus. Accessed Febraury 07, 2016. http://www.apricus.com/solar-

water-heaters-1/#.VrfKsvk4HIU.

2016. "Solar water heating." Wikipedia. February 05. Accessed February 07, 2016.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_water_heating.

Documents

Data Collection for solar powered Geysers