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UNITED NATiONS Distr. LIMITED

A/33/463 GENERAL ASSEMBLY 13 Decemoer 1978

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Thirty-third session Agenda item 66

UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

Report of the Second Committee

Rapporteur: Mr. Theophilos V. THEOPHILOU (Cyprus)

I. INTRODUCTION

1. At its 4th and 5th plenary meetings, on 22 September 1978, the General Assembly, on the recommendation of the General Committee, included in its agenda the item entitled:

"United Nations University:

" ( a) Report of the Council of the United Nations University;

"(b) Report of the Secretary-General"

and allocated it to the Second Committee.

2. The Second Committee considered the item at its 20th, 5oth, 51st and 55th meetings on 27 October, 29 and 30 November and 5 December 1978. An account of the Committee's discussion of the item is contained in the relevant summary records (A/C.2/33/SR.20, 50, 51 and 55).

3. For its consideration of the item, the Committee had before it the following documents:

{a) Report of the Council of the United Nations University; 1_/

(b) Report of the Secretary-General on fund-raising (A/33/333 and Corr. 1).

4. At its 20th meeting, on 27 October, the Committee heard an introductory statement by the Rector of the United Nations University.

1/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-third Session, Suppl~ent No.' 31 {A/33/31).

78-31242 I • ••

A/33/463 English Page 2

II. CONSIDERATIOl\T OF DRAFT RESOLUTIONS

A. Draft resolution A/C.2/33/L.45/Rev.l

5. At its 50th meeting, on 29 November, the representative of the Philippines introduced a draft resolution (A/C.2/33/L.45/Rev.l) on behalf of Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Ghana, Greece, Iceland, India, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, the Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Maldives, Ne-pal, Panama, the Philippines, the Sudan, the U-pper Volta, and Venezuela. Subsequently, CJPrus, the Dominican Republic, Ethiopia and Zaire joined as sponsors.

6. At its 51st meeting, on 30 November, the Committee adopted the draft resolution without a vote (see para. 10 below, draft resolution I).

B. Draft resolution A/C.2/33/L.44 and Rev.I

7. At its 51st meeting, on 30 November, the representative of Costa Rica introduced a draft resolution (A/C.2/33/L.44), entitled "Establishment of the University for Peace 11

, on behalf of Bangladesh, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cyprus, the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Liberia, Panama and Venezuela. Subsequently, Chile, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Spain and Suriname joined as sponsors. The draft resolution read as follows:

"The General Assembly,

11Noting that the President of the Republic of Costa Rica has submitted for the consideration of the General Assembly at its thirty-third session a proposal to establish a University for Peace, as a great specialized international centre for advanced studies within the system of the United Nations University, whose primary objective will be to educate for peace,-to instil a consciousness of peace among men and to contribute to mutual understanding among men and stimulate their spirit of comprehension, tolerance and coexistence based en co-operation and justice, which are principles that are indispensable for the positive construction of peace and progress among all the peoples of the world,

11 Bearing in mind that the Government of Costa Rica not only has submitted preliminary studies and definite plans for the implementation of this project but has also offered the headquarters and the land for the campus of the University for Peace and has undertaken to dedicate every effort to finance it, with the help of Governments, foundations and non-profit institutions, both public and private, so that it ~ill not be a financial burden for the United Nations,

"Recalling that the fundamental purposes of the United Nations, as established in the preamble to and Article 1 of the Charter of the Organization, include the following:

I .•.

A/33/463 English Page 3

n' to practice tolerance and live together in peace with one another as good neighbours'~ '""" to unite our stength to maintain international peace and security'~ '""" to take effect_i_ye collective measures for the prevention and removal of th~~~ts to the ~eace'~ 'to develop friendly relations among nations based on respect for the principle of equal richts and self-determination of peoples, and to take other appropriate measures to strengthen universal peace': and 'to achieve international co-operation in solving international problems of an economic, social, cultural or humanitarian character, and in promoting and encouragine; respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all without distinction as to race, sex, language, or religion', '?J

"Being of the view that the principal causes of conflicts that threaten international peace and security include the lack of educational systems that educate man with regard to peace, and the lack of mutual knowledge, communication and an atmosphere and spirit of tolerance, co-operation and coexistence among men,

;'Recognizing the urgent need to cultivate the idea of peace in the minds of men as an essential condition for the establishment of a permanent and lasting peace among peoples,

11Appreciating that, although there is a United Nations University whose task is to promote the fulfilment of the purposes and principles of the Organization, it lacks in practice an institution for advanced studies specializing in the building of peace through education and coexistence as its basic objective,

''Considering that General Assembly resolution 2951 (XXVII) of 11 December 1972, which established the United Nations University, provided expressly for the establishment of a decentralized system of affiliated institutions, integrated into the world university community, devoted to

• action-oriented research into the pressing global problems of human survival development and welfare that are the concern of the United Nations and its agencies, and to the post-graduate training of young scholars and research workers for the benefit of the world community,

"Also considering that the Charter of the United Nations University, approved by Assembly resolution 3081 (XXVIII) of 6 December 1973, reaffirms the above-mentioned aims,

"Considering also that the Republic of Costa Rica, by reason of its geographical situation and climate, its traditional political and social stability and its devotion to disarmament, peace, human rights and international law offers an appropriate environment for the proposed University for Peace,

11Decides:

"(a) To thank the Government of Costa Rica for the submission of its project and its offer to the world community;

I""" ?J The underlining does not appear in the Charter.

i i

'I

'' I

A/33/463 English Page 4

;; (b) To req_uest the Secretary-General to transmit the project regarding the establishment of the University for Peace to the Economic and Social Council, to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to the Council of the United Nations University and to any other agencies he may deem appropriate, so that they may study it and report to the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session:

"(c) To req_uest the Secretary-General to submit a report on the same item, takinG into account the conclusions of the bodies referred to in the precedine paragraphs;

';(d) To include the item on the establishment of the University for Peace in the agenda of the thirty--fourth session, in order that a decision may be taken on it:

ri(e} To urge States Members of the United Nations and observers, the agencies of the United Nations system, non-governmental organizations and peace-loving people and institutions to support the University for Peace project and to help to make it a reality D ;i

8" At the 53rd meeting on 4 December the representative of Costa Rica introduced a revised draft resolution (A/C.2/33/L.44/Revol), which contained the following changes:

(a) The first preambular paragraph was revised to read:

"Noting that the President of the Republic of Costa Rica has submitted for the consideration of the General Assembly at its thirty~third session a proposal for establishing a University for Peace, as a specialized international institute for post-graduate studies related to peace, within the system of the United Nations University, and has offered it to the international community through the United Nations";

(b) The second preambular paragraph was revised to read:

"Bearing in mind that the Government of Costa Rica has not only offered preliminary plans and designs for the proposed University for Peace and the headquarters and land for the campus of that institution but has also made every effort to finance if outside the United Nations and the United Nations University so that it will not constitute a financial burden for either the Organization or the Member States as such11

;

( c) The third preambular paragraph was replaced by the following:

"Considering that both its resolution 2951 (XXVII) of 11 December 1972, by which it established the United Nations University, and the charter of the United Nations University, approved in its resolution 3081 (XXVIII) of 6 December 1973, provided expressly for the establishment of 1 a decentralized system of affiliated institutions, integrated into the world university comnnmity, devoted to action-oriented research into the pressing global

I ...

A/33/463 English Page 5

p:toblem:si o-t human survival' development a.pd welfare that are the concern of th€ United Nat ions and its agencies" and to the post-graduate training of young scholars and research ~or1rers · for t-he benefit of the world comrnunity';r;

(d) The fourth to the ninth preambular paragraphs were deleted~

(e) The operative paragraph was revised to read:

11Decides:

"(a) To take note with appreciation oft.be proposal submitted by the­President of Costa Rica for establishing a University for Peace within the system of the United Nations Univ-ersit;y- and of his offer to the world community;

"{b) To req_uest the Secretary-General to transmit the text of that proposal to Member States, the United Nat ions Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Rector and Council of the United Nations University and to any 8.gencies he may deem appropriate, so that they may communicate their views on it to him;

"(c) To further req_uest the Secretary-General to "bring their views to the attention of all Memoer States and interested specialized agencies, and to suomit a report on the matter, through the Economic and Social Council, to the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session. 11

9, At its 55th meeting on 5 December, the Committee adopted draft resolution A/C.2/33/L.44/Rev.l without a vote (see para., 10 below, draft resolution II).

III. RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE SECOND COMMITTEE

• 10; The Second Committee recommends to the General Assembly the adoption of the following draft resolutions:

DRAFT RESOLUTION I

United Nations University

The General Assembly,

Recalling its resolutions 2951 (XXVII) of 11 Decemoer 1972, 3081 (XXVIII) of 6 December 1973, 3313 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974, 3439 (XXX) of 9 December 1975

0

31/117 and 31/118 of 16 December 1976 and 32/54 of 8 December 1977,

Recalling also its resolutions 3201 (S•-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of l May 1974 containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974 containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and international economic co-operation,

1,

\i \'

A/ jj/ 403

English Page 6

Having considered the report of the Council of the United Nations University on the work of the University ~ and the report of the Secretary-General, ~/

Noting decision 5.2,3 of 19 October 1978 adopted by the Executive Board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultu-al Organization at its one--hundred-and-fifth session, in which the Board, inter alia, emphasized the need for further progress in the strengthening of co--operation between the United Nations University and the agencies of the United Nations system, affirmed its conviction that the development of the University required and deserved greater financial support and reiterated its appeal to Member States to contribute generously to the University Endowment Fund and, additionally or alternatively, to make special contributions for research and training activities,

1. Notes with satisfaction that the programme activities of the United Nations University are making steady progress in three priority programme areas -world hunger, human and social development, and use and management of natural resources - and expressed its confidence that the University will continue tis intensified efforts for the early achievement of the results that will represent substantial contributions to the solution of the pressing problems of global concern:

2. ~ecognizes_that the major activities of the United Nations University are concerned with problems and institutions in developing countries and encourages continuation of that emphasis;

3. Encourages the United Nations University to continue to concern itself with various activities takin·g place in the United Nations system, thereby further developing its co-operative and co-ordinated relationships with relevant agencies and bodies of the system and orienting its programme activities in the direction of the urgent concerns of Member States;

4. Notes that fund-raising results have not proved adequate to sustain the programmes of the United Nations University and requests the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, in consultation with the Rector and the Council of the University, to study ways and means of promoting the awareness and understanding of the programmes and activities of the University with a view to establishing a more stable financial situation and thereby strengthening the University, and to report to the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session-.

5. Urges the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director­General of the-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as well as the Rector of the United·Nations University to continue to intensify their efforts to obtain financial support for the University from all possible sources·

6" Appeals to all Member States to take cognizance of the achievements of the United Nations University, particularly in relation to the developing countries, du.ring its first three years and to make substantial contributions to its Endowment Fund and/or specific programmes of the University so that its work can go forward successfully.

3/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty--third Sessiop_, Suppleme;t No. 31 (A/33/31).

":±J A/33/333 and Carrol. / ...

DRAFT RESOLUTION II

Establishment of a University _:f._or Peace

The General Assembly,

A/33/463 English Page '7

Noting that the President of the Republic of Costa Rica has submitted for the consideration of the General Assembly at its thirty-third session a proposal for the establishment of a University for Peace, as a specialized international institute for post-grad1.1ate studies related to peace, within the system of the United Nations University, and has offered it to the international community through the United Nations,

Bearing in mind that the Government of Costa Rica has not only offered preliminary plans and designs for the proposed University for Peace and the headquarters and land for the campus of that institution but has also made every effort to finance it outside the United Nations and the United Nations University so that it will not constitute a financial burden for either the Organization or the Member States as such,

Considering that both its resolution 2951 (XXVII) of 11 December 19'72, by which it established the United Nations University and the charter of the United Nations University, approved in resolution 3081 (XXVIII) of 6 December 1973, provided expressly for the establishment of a decentralized system of affiliated institutions, integrated into the world university community, devoted to action­oriented research into the pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare that are the concern ,of the United Nations and its agencies 0 and to the post-graduate training of young scholars and research workers for the benefit of the world community,

1. Takes note with appreciation of the proposal submitted by the President of the Republic of Costa Rica for the establishment of a University for Peace w2thin the system of the United Nations University and of bis offer to the world community;

2. Requests the Secretary-General to transmit the text of that proposal to Member States, tne United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and the Rector and Council of the United Nntions University and to any other agencies he may deem appropriate, so that they may communicate their views on it to him;

3. Furth.er requests the Secretary-General to bring their views to the attention of all Member States and interested specialized agencies and to submit a report on the mat~er, through the Economic and Social Council, to the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session.

Press Release Office of Public Information Prf.}SS Section unaed Nations, Nev, ,, ork

CT/429 UNU/54 12 December 1978

Il\TDIA, CHILE AND LIBYA AID UNU ENDOWMCHT FUND

A contribution by India and pledges by Chile and Libya have been made to the United Nations University.

The details of the aids are as follows:

India.: -$168, 750 for 1978;

Chile: $5,000, and Libya: $25,000 for 1979.

For information med:a - not an omcbl record

TO: A:

.THROUGH: -s/c DE:

FROM: DE:

SUBJECT: OBJET:

UNITED NATIONS

-INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR

The Secretary-General

Diego Cordovez

Eleventh Session of the Council of the United Nations University

oATE, 11 December 1978

REFERENCE: ______ _

1. I submit herewith my report on the eleventh session of the Council of the United Nations University, which I attended as your representative. I have handed over to Mr. Ripert a full set of background and in-session documents.

2. The conclusions of the Council on the question of the appointment of the new Rector are very succintly summarized in this report. A very full note for the record of all the relevant discussions is being prepared, however, because the understanding of the Council was that its conclusions on the criteria for the appointment of the new Rector should serve as the basis for all future consultations on the subject. I shall submit that note for the record to you as soon· as it is

finalized. C\; /JfWJ1-1Ai l/[JV'-

v'

REPORT ON THE ELEVEN'JE:SESSION OF THE UNITED NATIONS

UNIVERSITY COUNCIL, HELD AT TOKYO FROM 4 TO 8 DECEMBER 1978

The Rector's report and review 0£ substantive programmes

1. In accordance with a practice that the Council has evolved, its substantive discussion centre on an oral report th3t the Rector makes at the outset of each session.

2. The Rector stated that the time had come for the performance of the University to be assessed in terms of concrete achievements, rather than on objectives. He seemed very optimistic in all essential respects. Indeed, the 5 million-pounds contribution from the U.K. Government, announced at the opening of the session, allowed him to say that even the financial basis of the University was increa~ingly solid. He pointed out that, in any case, it could function at the present rate of expenditure for at least five years .. "we are not, 11 he said, 11 abqut to go out of business. 11

3. The Rector expressed great satisfaction with the manner in which the University was executing the three programmes which had been identified at its inception, and stressed the need for the Council to examine, at this stage, ways and means of achieving closer links among the three programmes._ This, in his view, would strengthen the inter-disciplinary approach of the University to tha consideration of substantive issues.

4. With regard to organizational and admini~trative matters, the Rector indicated that the secretariat of the University was now fully developed, that ~ts staff was generally ot a high professional quality, and that its administrative services, including those provided by the Japanese Government, were very efficient.

5. In the ensuing discussion, it was evident that there was, within the members of the Council, increasing skepticism regarding the choice of the programmes, as well as many differences of view as to how the three programmes could be more closely linked. There was talk about discontinuing the programme on world hunger, and of initiating new programmes. In the latter context, there was a lively discussion as to whether the University should study issues relating to the New International Economic Order, peace and disarmament. In this respect, I indicated that it was essential for the University - if it was to remain within the mainstream of international concerns and scholarly research, and if its activities were to achieve greater credibility value within the developing countries - to devote more attention, from its own, academic, standpoint, to at least certain aspects of t~e New International Economic Order. It was quite clear during

. '

the discussion that the Council was divided, and that strongly held views prevailed in this context. In the event, however, the Council decided that a "feasibility study" on these subjects should be undertaken by the Rector forthwith for consideration at its next session.

6. The review of the three programmes was carried ~ut by three sub-committees which, in the light of the nature of the reports submitted by the staff and of the limited time available to consider them, were able to agree on only very general recommendations. It was quite evident, when these reports were discussed, that the policies of the University concerning the conduct of its substantive programmes are laid down, in all essential respect, by the Rector and his staff, on the one hand, and by the nadvisory committees", designated by the Rector, on the other. Calls for a greater involvement of the Council in the policy direction of the progrillames, and for closer inter-action between the advisory com...~ittees and the Council, were politely dismissed by the Rector as being very difficult from a practical point of view.

Election of a new Rector

7. In accordance with the University Charter, the proce5s for election of a new Rector had to be set in motion at this session. The Council was required to set up a nominating committee, comprising its Chairman, two membe~s of the Council, and two members appointed by the Secretary-General and the Director General of UNESCO, respectively. The Chairman of the Council, .Mr •. Marcel Roche (Venezuela), submitted his resignation, and it was everybody's assumption that he did so because he did not wish to preside over the no:~inating committee as he h:.mself will be a candidate for Rector~ The Council thus elected Mrs. Ines Wesley Tanaskovic (Yugoslavia) as Chairman of the Council and she becarae ipso jure Chairman of the Nominating Committee. The two other members elected by the Council are Mr. Y •. Maeda (Japan) and Father Felip McGregor (Peru).

8. At the suggestion of the ne·.·1 Chairman, the Council held an executive session to give guidance to the nominating co:rnnittee on the crite~ia for the election of the Rector. Dr. Hester was present at the beginning of the session to give his own views on the matter. He made a short presentation in which he laid stress on the need for the new Rector to have considerable administrative ability. He added that the new Rector should be optimistic, as well as a pers~n with diplomatic and negotiating skills. 11 The Rector," Dr Hester said, 11 should be the leader of a problem-oriented University." vthen the Council c:.iscussed this question, after the Rector had left the conference room, it became clear that the Council gives much more importance to academic qualifications in the s£lection of a new Rector. It was pointed out time and again that the Rector of the United Nations University should be an eminent scholar with establish~d prestige./ The Council felt that administrative auestions could be taken care of through other means, perhaps by .. appointing a Provost. A consensus also seemed to prevail that the new Rector should come from the Third World.

..

9. In a brief intervention that I made at the end o~ the sessio:.1, I pointed out (3.) that the Secretary-General attaches the greatest importance to the appointment of a new Rector: (b} that the process of election of the Rector should not affE:.ct in any way the normal operation of the University: and (c) that the Secretary-General will lend all his support and assistance to the nominating committee for the performance of its task. The representative of the Director General of UNESCO endorsed my statement on behalf of Mr. M'Bow.

Declarations on Public Issues

10. This matter was discussed because at a recent meeting sponsored by the University, a declaration had been issued by the participants, in their private capacities but on University stationery, condemning violations of academic freedom in Iran. A similar statement had been issued at a meeting in Mexico City. Inasmuch as the proposal before the Council was to consider the manner in which all participants at meetings of the University, including the staff of the University, should conduct themselves at such meetings, I pointed out that it would be ultra varies for the Council to consider the behaviour of the University staff, which is governed by the staff regulations and rules of the United Nations. The discussion was therefore confined to the rights of outside participants invite& by the University to its meetings. The Council decided that, without prejudice to the principle of academic freedom, laid down in th·e University Charter, participants at University meetings should not issue declarations on behalf of the University, and that such declarations could be made by participants exclusively in t;-ieir personal capacities without in any way associating the Unive~sity, dir~ctly or indi£ectly, with those declara~io~s.

Appointments to fill vacancies in the Council

11. I informed the Council that the Secretary-General had been in consultation with the Director General of UNESCO on this matter and that he was not in a position as yet to propose candidates to fill the two vacancies which had occurred in the Council. I indicated that, subject to the Council's agreement, the Secretary-General could continue his consulta­tions with the Di~ector General of UNESCO and then consult with the members of the Council by correspondence, in order to be able to fill the two vacancies before the next session of the Council. The Council did not accept this procedure, and agreed that it should be consulted, as a body, at its next session. (I was subsequently told privately that the Council had reject2d the proposal to be consulted by correspondence because it was not satisfied with a similar procedure which had been followed in the past to fill a vacant seat.)

.. -4-

Co~1clusions

12. The overriding impression one gets is that the University is in search of a role. The council has not as yet defined the specific approach of the University to the consideration of international issues. Consequently, the three programmes it has undertaken involve, in the main, a duplication of research activities which are being conducted by the competent specialized agencies and United Nations Secretariat units.

13. This presumably explains the limited results achieved in the fund raising efforts so far undertaken. But inasmuch as the University is not, in the words of the Rector, "about to go out of business 11

- a considerably carry-over was registered in last year 1 s budget - one should expect that increased efforts will be made with available resources to set the future course of the University's academic work, and that contributions will then be more readily forthcoming. Even if this sounds paradoxical, the fact is that, given the skepticism that prevails about the choice and contents of programmes, and about present approaches to their implementation, the existence during the early stages of a large amount of funds could have strangled the University in infancy.

14. The Council has evidently failed to exercise fully its policy-making responsibilities. It does not function in the way that is expected from a UN governing body, nor,· indeed, from the Council of an academic institution. It frequently engages in long and unnecessary procedural debates. The management of the Council should accordingly be urgently improved: its sessions should be better organized: and it should receive rn:.::::-e assistanc = and gu:.dar.,::::e on orga.'1.i zat i.onal and pr.::>cedural matters. The. Council is cornpose.;d ::>£ ~mir.ent personalities whose knowledge and advice is not being fully utilized.

15. All these can be described as teething problems. The University is still young and most mzrnbers of the Council are genuinely confident ±hat it will gradually find its proper role - which is often referred to as the "academic policy" of the University - and they are eager to contribute to its development. It may be noted in this context that the Council has not adopted any statute, as prescribed in the Charter, for the application of the principles and policies of the University. The University has, on the whole, an efficient and enthusiastic staff, also eager to work towards more clearly defined objectives. Increased efforts should be made by all concerned to that end.

• ....

MC/jb cc: SG cc: Dr. Hester Mrs. Ise Mr. Stajduhar

'~: RA./AR/. J~,KP(~,,L~ .... -..

XRef: -UK. File: UNU n• _,

~ cc: Mission - fo transmittal ~""' \ v 7 Decer.nber 19 7 B '

I wish to thank you for th€.! messa9t.~ which wa.ri

rt~cently conveyed ~o m.e by Arabassa.dor Ivor Richard

ooncerning the contribution of the Unlted Kinqdom

to tbe :Cndo·wment Fund of the United Nations Uni•.;ersity l"J""'-?lJ) '\ { !:~ - Q

I would like to express my sincer.<~ apprec:La.tion

and gratitude for your Government.ls generosity i:n.

making- a ple<l9e of £5 inillion to the B:ndm·J'!.Tit,mt Fund of

thr:j mm and for your own efforts in this connexion.

'L'he sympathetic response of the rJnited F.:ingdo:m to my

appeal for. financial support for the rJr.dver~it..y is a

source of great encouragemont and will h~lp the

University to fulfil the important responsibilities

wtJ.ch have been ,~ntruste.d to it. by the GenerB.1 Assembly.

I :fttlly share your hopia that th.is d$cision. will

:3tinmlate contributions f1.•orn other potential donors to

Ku.rt Waldheim

Eex Excellency The Rt:.. Hon. Judith Hart, i•LP .. r-'Iinister of State for O"v~i:rseas Developm~nt \Jrd tet'l Kingdom

7 December 1978

Dear Mr. Arabassador,

The Secretary-General would be most grateful if

you would kindly transmit the enclosed letter to

Her Excellency The Right Honourable Judith Hart, M.P.v

Minister of State for overseas Development of the

United Kingdom. A copy of the letter is attached for

your information.

Please accept, Mr. Ambassador, the assurances of

my highest consideration.

His Excellency Mr. Ivor Richard; Q.C. Pennanent Representative of the

Raf eeuddin Ari.med Chef de Cabinet

United Kingdom to the United Nations New York.

I .. " I

His Excellency Mr Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General United Nations New York

\<~c_ c i:-l w \< . (S'; Fr(!_ I~ -~o ! ' '~-/ z

f ~ )/1-L~ c. '1.QI ~ • {)/t:, UNITED KINGDOM MIS~(l L­

TO THE UNITED NATIONS 845 THIRD AVENUE

NEW YORK. N.Y. 10022

2 December 1978

Judith Hart has asked me to pass the following message to you.

"Last August, I promised to write to you when we had made up our minds about a United Kingdom contribution to the Endowment Fund of the UN University. I am delighted to be able to tell you that we have decided to make a pledge of £5 million to that part of the Fund set aside for work in the developing countries. It is my hope that our lead will result in further support for the Fund from other donor countries in Europe and elsewhere. With best wishes."

Speaking personally, I am very pleased at the

decision and hope that it may indeed stimulate others.

~ __, 1-... ·~ ' ..... c...,

f V ....._ 2. ,_,e,._,.. o1.

-· Ivor Richard

Press Release Office of Public Information Press Section United Nat~ons, Ne\JV York

CT/425 UNU/53 5 December 1978

UNITED ICTNGDOM M'Jl . .J<ES MII ... TOR CONTRIBUTION TO UNU El\TDOWMENT FUND

. (Received. from Un:i.ted Nations .Unj_versi:ty, Tokyo.,)

The Government of the United Kingdom has pledged £,5 ~;,_illiou (approximately US.µ 10 million) to the End.ow1nent Fund of the United Nations University (UNU) ..

At a ceremony at the University on 4 December9

the British Am"bassador, Sir MicbaeJ. Wilford, conveyed a message from the Minister for Overseas Development, Mrs~ Judith Hart, to the Rector of the University

9 James M. Hester. The message

said: "The British Government has decided to pledge a sum of £5 million to the,t part of the Endowment Fund of the United lJat:.:.ons University which i.a .. de§.;i,Jm,~ _ _f.9j::~_:woJ'J~ Tn the developing countries~ 'The British Government hopes that this lead will result in further support for the E'und from other donor countries in Europe and elsewhere 11

0

Thanking Sir Mic..h.ael for this mesaage9

Mr., Hester commeDted: 11 This generous contribution to the University's Endowme:!1.t Fund is an important note of confidence in the United Nations University from a leading industrialized country. Cffic:i.als and advisors of the British Government have examined the Univer:::;ity's programmes in great detail and this contribution indicates that, in their experienced judgement, our programmes are well conceived and lik~y to make a valuable contribution to the solution of the world's most pressing problem£. The BritiBh contribution is significant also beceuse it endorses the importance of the Endowment Fund principle for the financing of the University~ I hope therefore that the British Government I s lead will e.r:courAi,e those other countries which are currently considering a contribution to the United Nations University",.

1'I repeat that the University is deeply grateful to the British Government

for its generous and timely nction. 11

Interest from the Endoment Fund is the major source of income for the United Nations University. This form of funding is designed to give the University long-term vie.bility and to protect its ai:t0n0my and academic freedom~

The Endowment Fund or the University now stands at approximately US$ 136 million, pledged by ?..l c011nt-.rJ es., ,Tapru1 is t-he major contributor.,

.. Nuu••umH• .... m•m•••••-• .. •n•H••• .. ••••m••••• ......... • .. •••••••••• ............. .., .... •••••• .. ••••••••-(m0re) ..... •••••• .. m•••• .. •m•••• .. ••-• .. •••• .. •• .. •••••• .. •• .. • .. ••••• .. ••••• .. • .. •••• .. ••u•• .. mn•• .. • .. •nu••• ....... .

For information media - not an official record

..

•r~~-e lJn:ti.,·~.;r~Jit.y ~rr:,~ (!'~t11e!.itc·1 1·s~Ct~ R- 7./}73 ·cr~_t*c~~ .. !'!~.tt~:i~'.1 f":--.c!'~~~rtl A,:;.ae11bJ.y rsco; '" .. ttJ on ~,;.:.1:1. b::~.7'!"-L. c..•f 1€~f".:tf: J .. c.::i ~ f'r,,: __ -..;~ r:t../":"~l'"•'.""1 5."(t J ·;:-(" ... ,.. J:t..:; -::.1-::··i;~.: :~-x·Y ~.. o"!'" ~ ;1-ft~. -t ~..:1..::.t.·!r:·11R and Q~.:~1·ic;];:~_.i:·:::: :L:1 r::r-.-:i:T,:: 1~tt::,....i:·.-~ ~-1 :;:-~;·:)r,_-~:.-;•~;_c:!~ ~:-:::-; r:_ .... _. .-:-., ... --.<~ \ .. ~:..-~ . .-... ~. :·~=:;-:-::=?::L::--:):1 -~-.-~!:. tr·~_:-:·,.ut!:.~; d~&:tg~.oti 1~0 ::~ .L~; ~~.:,·:4,. .. ,.re ~Q.i~f'.:-.;zt.1.1g i<~- ,:\.,~~1 _f: ··\:, ~ ... J i:tz: f; 1 x~. -Ch-:; f:~. e; .. :l!: c,f L.u.:J.[7:JX•, t1,'.-s.tu..r~4l rcsouxc~,s, £1.nJ. hv1~1<J.n v.r,.d a-:)e:ti:i,l d.f.lv-eJ.cpri1f'";Dt.,

Press Release

h/G' · u rvu Office of PubHc unfonna.Uon Press Section Un~terJ Nations, Ne\ft1 York

CT/425 UNU/53 5 December l978

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UNITED KINGDOM MAKES VA...TOR CONTRIBUT.f.Q.N TO UNU ENDOWMENT FUND

, .. (Received. from Un:l.ted Nations .Univerai·ty, Tokyo .. )

The Government of the United Kingdom has pledged £-5 :n.i.llicn (approximately US$ 10 million) to the Endow111e11t Fund of the United Nations University (UNU)~

At a cererc.ony at the University on 4 Deceraber, the British Am'basse,dor, Sir Michael Wilford, conveyed a message from the M1nister for Overseas Development, Mrs~ Judith Hart, to the Rector of the University 9 James M. Hester. The message said: 11The British Government has decided to pledge a sum of' £5 miJ.lion to the,t pa.rt of the EndO'Wll1ent Fund of' the United IJat~.ons University which is designated for work in the developing countries. The British Government hopes that this lead. wilJ. result in further support for the Fund from other a.onor countries in Eu.rope and elsewheren.,

Thanking Sir Michael for this message9

Mr., Hester commented: rrThis generous contribution to the Universityi s Bndc-wrnent Fund is an important note of confidence in the United Nations University from a leading industrialized countryo Officials and advisors of the British Government have examined the Univernity 1 s programmes in great detail and this contribution indicates that, in their experienced judg\:!ment, our programmes are well conceived and lik~ly to make a valuable contribution to the solution of the world 1 s most pressing problem~. The British contribution is significant also because it endorses the importance of the Endowment Fund principle for the financing of the Universityo I hope therefore that the British Goverwr.ent I s lead will ei:coun:ir,::c those other countries which are currently considering a contributicn to the United Nations University11

,,

nr repeat that the University is deeply grateful to the British Government for its generous and timely R.ctione 11

Interest from the Ertdoment Fund is the major source of income for the United Nations University. This form of funding is designed to give the University long-term viability and to protect its atrtonomy and academic f'reedomo

The Endowment Fund of' the University now stands at approximately US$ l36 million, pledged by 2l couut--.rj es. ,Tapau :Is t-.he major contributoro

.. " ....................................................................................................................... (me-re) ......................................................................................................................... ...

For information media - not an official record

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MC/jb

30 November 1978

Dear Mrs Dhar,

I wish to acknowledge your letter of 13 October

1978 in.forming me that, upon your appointment as

l\ssisto.nt Secretary-General for Developm~:nt Research

and Policy Analysise you have decided to relinquish

your responsibilities as a mer1ber of the United Nations

University Council. ! accept your resignation and wish you to know that

I fully understand the reasons for your decision. I

wouUl like to tak~ this opportu.ni ty to thank you most

sincerely for the valuable servic:e you have r(mdered. to

the University in the past years~ It is my hope that we

may continue to draw upon your wide knmvledge and

experience in matters concerning the University in the

fut.m:e.

With best regards,

i\F.ir. Prithvi Nath Dhar .t\ssistant Secretary-General

for Development Research and Policy Analy·sis

Room 2920

Yours sincerelyr

Kurt Waldheim

REFERENCE;

UNITED NATIONS NATIONS

POSTAL ADDRESS-ADRESSE POSTALE UNIIED NATIONS. N Y 10017

CABLE ADDRES!--ADRESSE TELEGRA.PHICUE UNATIONS NEWYOJU(

13 October 1973

Dear Mr. Waldheim,

I:aving been appointed Assistant Secretary-General for

Development Research and Po!icy Analysis at United nations

Headquarters, it is bnly proper that.I should cease to be a member

of the United Hations University Council. I am therefore writing

to you to tender my resignation.

I would like to take thJs opportunity to thank you most

sincerely for the opportunity you gave me to take a hand in the

affairs of the United nations University and assure you that I

will continue to take a great interest in its work.

:.1r. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General United Nations Hew York

,-Yours sincerely,

Prithvi Hath Dhar Assistant Secretary-General

for Development Research and Policy Analysis

5.XII. 78

F

FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION

FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE

FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER?

YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE

NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

FOR INFORMATION POUR INFORMATION

COM.6 (2-78)

I

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@ THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

WITH THE COMPLIMENTS

OF THE RECTOR

29th Floor, Toho Seimei Building

15-1, Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku,

Tokyo 150, Japan

~

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I\ An international corrnnuni ty of scholars working

increase understanding of the causes and solutions

of major global problems~ e~g., world hunger, use and

management of natural resources, and human and social

development. As UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY, founded 1973, with headquarters in Tokyo and a network of research and

advanced training operations in some sixty countries • . ---~·•_,,. • ... ,-·· :· '(r.1;·:ii"ri]dC~ IL ~\. ~;t;_· .-·\1,~ 1-i''r)\~-~n<1 si7)rt(.' ~(::.r ~~1·l•iTn7, 1

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THE UNIVERSITY IN BRIEF

What Is It? The United Nations University is a new kind of institution-not a traditional degree-granting university with a campus, but a world-wide network of research and advanced training operations designed to:

-Increase understanding of causes and solutions of major global problems; -Fill critical gaps in knowledge and expertise on such problems by organizing collaboration among scientists and scholars across

national boundaries; -Strengthen research and advanced training in developing countries; -Collaborate with other international organizations and avoid duplication of costly research.

Where Is It? Its planning and co-ordinating headquarters is located in Tokyo. Its networks of research and advanced training, in collaboration with research institutions, are in many countries. Work is conducted with research centres, universities, and scholars throughout the world. About 100 institutions are already involved in some 60 countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, and North and South America.

How Is It Funded? The University is funded primarily by income from a permanent Endowment Fund which ensures the objectivity of its research and protects it from many pressures that would accompany other forms of funding. The ultimate goal is a fund that will produce annual budget support of at least US$25 million for world-wide research and advanced training operations. As of June 1978, Japan has pledged US$100 million and has paid US$70 million. Nineteen other countries have pledged or contributed US$26.4 million.

What Subjects Are Now Being Researched? Three main subject areas are being researched. Examples of wo_rk going on in each include:

World Hunger Programme -producing urgently needed information about protein and energy requirements in people's diets in developing countries which

will be directly applicable in agricultural policy planning and the fight against malnutrition; -developing and disseminating knowledge about techniques to reduce huge current losses (up to 40 per cent) of food after

harvest in developing countries due to rodents, insects, and spoilage;

Human and Social Development Programme -providing a global, non-political forum for dispassionate, reasoned evaluation of development strategies by scholars from

many regions, ideologies, and cultures; -assessing the process by which technologies-both modern and traditional-can best suit the needs of the rural poor of the

world, one-quarter of all humanity;

Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources -making knowledge about solar energy technology available to the developing world, where it can have immediate impact on

the quality of life; -analysing the reasons for failure to apply existing knowledge to improve the lives of peoples of arid lands, the "poorest of the

poor", who make up one-eighth of the globe's population.

How Does the University Benefit the World? The University provides:

-1 ncreased understanding of complex global problems and their possible solutions; -Practical knowledge in areas of deep concern to the world-human needs, energy, the environment, and food availability and

consumption; -More rapid and effective communication of advanced knowledge produced by researchers throughout the world; -Useful and cost-effective sharing of research responsibilities among institutions working on identical problems in various parts

of the world-avoiding duplication and needless repetition of experiments; -Increased effectiveness of development assistance from the industrialized countries; -Increased capacity of developing countries to achieve self-reliance.

CONTENTS

The University in Brief 1

The University at Work - Some Examples 2 The Council of the University 3 Report of the Council, 1977-1978 4 The Third Vear, 1977-1978 '6 World Hunger Programme 7 Human and Social Development Programme 11

Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources 17 Joint Programme Activities 22 Co-operation with UN Agencies 22 Disseminating Information 23 Fund-raising and Budget 25 University Staff, Advisory Committee Members, and Programme Co-ordinators 27 Programme Interaction 29

THE UNIVERSITY AT WORK - SOME EXAMPLES

Looking at problems comprehensively Reducing malnutrition is not simply a matter of protein or calorie deficiencies; even when the precise nature of the deficiency is known, the remedy has to be acceptable socially and culturally and has to be compatible with the planning policies of the local gov­ernment.

Political scientist Chadwick Alger of Ohio State University, known for his studies of how typical American citizens are affected by global interdependence, directs the US component of a multidiscipli­nary evaluation by scholars of 17 nations of the elements of development Development strategists have become increasingly aware that development based on pursuit of economic growth alone has not been successful, but there is little agreement, and often confron1ational debate, about what should replace it. This University project is providing an urgently needed scholarly forum 1n which planners from all forms of society, from wealthy and poor nations, can come together as equals to discuss objectively the different emphases that should be given to developmer\t.

Finding out what knowledge already exists and how it can be used more effectively It is often assumed that once information is available it naturally flows to useful outlets; in fact the reverse is often true - much of the world's knowledge lies unused behind dams of ignorance, indifference, and inefficiency.

[ French physicist Maurice M. Levy, a leading authority on solar energy use and senior consultant to the

---t' University, notes that advances in solar energy technology are made largely in the industrialized countries, ~;:] but research results rarely reach scientists active in this field 1n developing countries, where their use in

rural areas could have immediate impact. A University network will connect and transmit results of relevant work on alternative energy sources !solar, biogas, and wind} to several hundred researchers, most of them in the developing world. The aim is to direct the latest scientific information where it can be used immediately, reducing the scholarly isolation which now often produces duplication and inefficiency with resultant critical manpower losses.

Identifying important gaps in existing knowledge and organizing work to fill them Research on the same subject in different institutions and countries is often duplicated, while other subjects are ignored; if research is better planned and co-ordinated, useful results can be achieved more quickly and effectively.

Nigerian biochemist A.O. Ketiku, a UNU Fellow in Guatemala, is doing chemical and biological evalu­ations of nutritive qualities of common Nigerian foodstuffs. His work is part of a collaborative research effort by scientists from Latin America, Asia, and the Caribbean which this year is expected to produce importan1, badly needed information about basic humon nu1ritional requirements in the developing world, particularly in the humid tropics. Until now, data about diet requirements has been based almost entirely on tests among college-age students in the West, obviously inappropria1e s1andards for popula­tions subject to chronic infections, and other environmental stresses, in the tropics.

Strengthening the ability of scholars and institutions in the developing world to solve their own problems Many of the best researchers from developing countries gravitate to industrialized countries; often it would be better for their work, and for their countries, if they were encouraged by financial and intellectual support to continue their research at home.

Senegalese food scientist Cheikh N'Diaye, a UNU Fellow, is studying improved packaging techniques for transportation and storage of agricultural goods in Senegal at a leading Indian research institute. Con­fronted with staggering losses of food after the harvest due to rodents and insects, Indian scientists have developed techniques to conserve and store food which are direc1ly applicable to similar problems in Senegal. The Central Food Technological Research Institute in Mysore provides the central direction in the University's studies of post-harvest losses. On his return to Senegal, N'Diaye's new expertise will be passed onto other UNU Fellows 10 be trained at the Institute of Food Technology in Dakar, which will soon join the network of research institutes active in this area ol the University's concern.

Maintaining an open mind on problems and their solution It is all too easy, once commitment is made to a particular approach to solving a problem, to ignore signs that it is faultY or inade­quate; the intellectual objectivity of a university is an important counter to this, particularly if it can be combined with an international overview reflecting many perspectives.

Sri Lankan development expert Chandra Soysa, Director of the University-affiliated Marga Institute in Colombo, argues that". all types of efficient, rational technology, bo1h trdditional and modern, should exist side by side. It is wrong to assume that development means reaching the high points in a technologi­cal continuum." The Marga Institute is co-ordinating a University investigation in villages of eight Asian

nations on how and why traditional 1echnology develops, why it is some1imes more appropria1e than modern technology and which technologies might be successfully transferred to other societies. Success could point the way ID broader education efforts among one billion people, a quarter of humankind, still living in pre-industrial conditions and depending on agriculture for their livelihood.

e

THE COUNC!l Of THE UNIVERSITY

"ARTICLE IV, 1. There shall be a Council of the United Nations University ... to be established on a broad geographical basis with due regard to major academic, scientific, educational, and cultural trends in the world, taking into account the various fields of study ... The Council shall have twenty-four members serving in their individual capacity, who shall be appointed jointly by the Secretary-General _of the United Nations and the Director-General of UNESCO ... The Rector shall be a member of the Council ... 4. The Council shall ... For­mulate principles and policies which shall govern the activities and operations of the University .. " (From the Charter of the University)

Council Members Appointed Members

Dr. Marcel Roche, Investigator Titular, and former Director, Venezuelan Institute for Science Research, Caracas, Vene­zuela !Chairman of the Council) Dr. Jacob Festus Ade-Ajayi, Vice-Chancellor, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria, and former Chairman of the Council (1976-1977) Dr. !Mrs.) Estefania Aldaba-Lim, Special Representative for the International Year of the Child, UNICEF, New York, USA, and former Vice-President, Philippine Women's Univer­sity Dr. Pawel Bozyk, Professor of Economics, Central School of Planning and Statistics, Warsaw, Poland Lord Briggs, Provost, Worcester College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Dr. Carlos Chagas, Director, Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Dr. Wilbert Kumalija Chagula, Minister for Community Affairs, Arusha, the United Republic of Tanzania, and for­mer Chairman, Tanzania National Scientific Research Council Dr. Jean Coulomb, Pres·,dent, Academy of sc·,ences, Par·,s, France Dr. P.N. Dhar, Professor of Economics, Institute of Econom­ic Growth, University of Delhi, India (Vice-Chairman) Dr. Shams E. El-Wakil, Ambassador, Permanent Delegate of the Arab Republic of Egypt to UNESCO, Paris, France, and former Minister of Higher Education Dr. Roger Gau dry, President, International Association of Universities, Montreal, Canada, former Rector of the Univer­sity of Montreal, and former Chairman of the Council 11974-1975) Dr. Hans Lbwbeer, Chancellor of the Swedish Universities, Stockholm, Sweden Dr. Felipe E. MacGregor, former Rector, Catholic Univer­sity, Lima, Peru Mr. Yoshinori Maeda, former President, Japan Broadcasting

Corporation, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Abdelsalam Majali, Minister of Education and Minister of State for Prime Ministry Affairs, Amman, Jordan, and former President of the University of Jordan IV ice-Chairman) Professor Malu wa Kalenga, Commissioner of Nuclear Sci­ences and Director of Kinshasa Regional Centre for Nuclear Studies, National University of Zaire, Kinshasa, Zaire Dr. Antonio E. Marussi, Professor of Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy Dr. Majid Ral1nema, Special Advisor to the Prime Minister and to the Imperial Organization of Social Services, Member of the Executive Board of UNESCO. and former Minister for Science and Higher Education, Teheran, Iran Dr. Seydou Madani Sy, Rector, University of Dakar, Dakar, Senegal (Vice-Chairman! Dr. Stephan Verosta, Professor of International Law, Inter­nationaf Relations and Jurisprudence, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria !Vice-Chairman) Dr. Edward W. Weidner, Chancellor, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wisconsin, USA Dr. !Mrs.} Ines Wesley Tanaskovic, UNESCO National Com­mission of Yugoslavia, and Professor of Informatics, Medical Academy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia IV ice-Chairman) Dr. Eric Eustace Williams, Prime Minister, Trinidad and Tobago Dr. (Miss) Keniz Fatima Yusuf, former Secretary, National Education Council, Ministry of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan

Rector Dr. James M. Hester

Ex-officio Members Mr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General, United Nations, New York, USA Mr. Amadou Mahtar M'Bow, Director-General, United Na­tions Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris, France Dr. Davidson Nicol, Executive Director, United Nations Insti­tute for Training and Research, New York, USA

;A~al?Ttig!!ff~:-fJ~~ '~rid:r~ r~'vi~vv."j~~t,~~~;u;;i~?,i@{ht~~tt;;~~h -msion•:in .J 9kVo_,on_ :,~-w~~t~i~~~jii 1977, and tts tenth session rn Vrnnna, on:-26-~0\JuRe l9i78\at the in.vrtatron of the Government.of'½\:L!,St(fa;;rOur.,-:· i ng' th,ese ten days of meetings,' the\Qou r;1q1i>cgn"~'inu'~cf tb 00Hiint~r'id shape the developmenlof\tfe~o]' '' ' - - .- \J~'bdf~' its programmes. At the _tenth sessipg?;ftieiCoyp~il!ij'ii~:uss~c:l 'tfye,:'work of th_e Uniileriify:du~[[19!$t~tt:-;,

1 ,_ '7/iJ:Y:'

.1978 and, issued its ann_ual report toittifGeneralAsserribly,)and the_ Economic and: Socf.1C Couric/Fci:f'~!~-if:t:1njtec{ ;c,. Nations and .the Executive Board-of UNt;,§c;O. · 1 ~ ,,:,~~~:::'..i:~-,~,:~ •. ,,~;;~~i{~;:~

In summary, the Council: Wholeheartedly reaffirmed the Council's belief in the

objectives of the University's Charter an_d in the pro­gramme priorities and programme activities launched since 1975.

Welcomed the substantial expansion of activities in 1977-1978, noting that an international network had been created involving 60 countries and linking 16 asso­ciated institutions.

Noted that 20 UNU Fellows had now completed their courses of training and returned to their countries.

Emphasized that the three programmes of the Univer­sity were directly related to each other as part of a common strategy; a joint meeting in April 1978 of the three Programme Advisory Committees, concerned with the interaction and integration of the three pro­grammes, had been a landmark in the history of the University.

Stressed the need for critical scrutiny and evaluation of the programmes and for the widest diffusion of information about their results.

Expressed deep concern about the financial problems of the University and concluded that unless substantial new funds were received the planning, scale, and mode of operation of the University would have to be thoroughly

reviewed.

Noted the progress made in the three programmes of the University (see detailed programme reports).

Emphasized that: a. The expanded activities of the University in 1977-

1978 now made it possible to assess its contribution to the United Nations family, not merely in terms of aspiration but of performance.

b. Much of the year 1977-1978 was necessarily spent at this stage of the University's history in extensive and continuing consultations. The work of the Univer­sity was still not widely enough known and there had to be frequent dialogue with individuals, institutions,and governments.

c. The Council intended to critically evaluate the operation of the United Nations University, particularly the process of implementation and application of its programmes, and to give an account of the results in future reports.

Noted that the contribution of the University as a new autonomous institution is specific and yet comple­mentary to that of other academic bodies . and of United Nations agencies, particularly UNESCO and UNITAR. It is part of the United Nations system, and as such can have a wide impact through its linkages to

all parts of that system. Yet as an autonomous university, it can draw freely upon science and experi­ence in diverse cultures and establish the conditions that encourage creative thought. It is charged by its Charter (Article I, paragraph 2) with identifying "pressing global problems of human survival, development, and welfare" and with pursuing multidisciplinary program­mes of research and training designed to deal with those problems. As such global problems multiply, they require radically new ways of approaching them.

Emphasized that the University, which is creating its own global network system across the boundaries of nations and of academic disciplines, was already able in 1977-1978 to draw on the services of scholars from all parts of the world and on pioneering individuals and teams engaged in scattered community action through­out the world. The University has been seeking at every point to establish the conditions for creative research and for effective interchange.

Considered that the University's form of organization, along with its emphasis on tackling problems at different levels in a comprehensive framework, distinguished it both from a traditional university and from a specialized United Nations agency; but that it must not only initiate and, when necessary, co-ordinate, but also complement and share. Although the global network system was unique, specificity not uniqueness was a better criterion for defining the objectives and content of each Univer-sity programme. ~

Agreed that the University made an increased public impact in 1977-1978, generating interest and enthusi­asm in many parts of the world, including some of the developing countries which looked to its future with great hopes.

Reiterated its deep concern that unless there was a substantial improvement in the financial position in 1978-1979, it would be impossible to maintain and develop the present pattern, let alone to extend it and realize the full potential of the University within the terms of its Charter.

(The foregoing summary is taken from the Proceed­ings of the tenth session of the Council.)

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The basic premise of the United Nations Univ,ersity is the fact of global interde~~_ndence .... Its task is to organize scholarly collab~r,ation to identify and alleviate "pressing global problems of human survival, develti~ment, and wel-

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THE THIRD YEAR, 1977-1978* "The vision ... has now clearly become reality."

The United Nations University, as an international community of scholars, expanded rapidly during the past year. The vision of such a community, explicitly stated in its Charter, has now clearly become reality.

The experience and perspectives gained in developing this unique new institution and its world-wide activities have enabled the University to define an operating concept that gives unity and coherence to its three priority programmes concerned with world hunger, human and social development, and natural resources. One of the most exciting intellectual events in the University's young history took place in April 1978, when scholars and scientists from a number of disci­plines and from many parts of the world, who serve on its three Prngramme Advisory Committees, met jointly for the first time to consider increased pro­gramme interaction and launch joint activities in different parts of the world. Such interaction is be­coming a major distinctive characteristic of the Univer­sity's work as the programmes develop more fully.

During the year under review, the University con­tinued to develop its networks of collaborating scholars and scientists, now from some 60 countries, whose work is planned and co-ordinated from a small centre in Tokyo with a staff of seventy-five from 16 countries.

Operationally, "the University" can be described as the members of its governing Council, Programme Advisory Committees, headquarters and field staff, the research and training staff of associated institutions, research units, other participating scholars, and Fellows appointed for advanced training.

Programme Advisory Committees

While the formulation of general principles and policies is the responsibility of the Council, working in collabora­tion with the Rector and his senior staff, the more specific activities of the University's programmes are shared by the Programme Advisory Committees. Each programme is assisted by an Advisory Committee made up of leading scholars and scientists from the world-wide academic community. Collectively, they provide continuing and critical planning and evaluation and increase the University's outreach throughout the world.

Relations with Other Institutions

As a general principle, the University seeks to develop relationships with other institutions around the world that are directed towards mutually beneficial partner­ships, maximum flexibility, and avoidance of rigid formulae. A guiding policy, consistently endorsed by the Council, is that all such relationships should be closely related to the University's programme priorities.

Three different types of relationships have been approved by the Council in response to Charter directives: associated institutions, incorporated institu­tions, and contractual or other arrangements with appropriate institutions or individuals.

Associated institutions are organizations with which the University signs formal agreements of co-operation to accomplish specific research, advanced training,

"From the Rector's Report to the Council at the tenth session in Vienna. 26-30 June 1978.

and knowledge dissemination objectives over specified periods of time. The University seeks to form associa­tions with institutions, or parts of institutions, where the programme activities of the University can be most successfully advanced and regional needs can be met. The first such associations were formed in 1976; by the end of 1978, the University will have 26 associated

institutions, 20 of them in developing countries_ Incorporated institutions are organizations established

by the University to fulfil specific needs and whose governance is the responsibility of the University. No incorporated institutions have been established to date.

Contractual arrangements are made with institutions or units within institutions or with individual scholars to conduct research and undertake programme activities within project networks. This type of relationship has proven to be of particular benefit to the Human and Social Development Programme, providing flexibility and variety in the development of its research networks. The other two programmes - in world hunger and natural resources - are also awarding research grants to individuals and institutions or commissioning research reports designed to advance programme objectives.

UNU Fellowships

UNU fellowships are awarded for purposes of advanced training and research at the various associated institu­tions of the University. The main objective of the fellowships is to train professionals in multidisciplinary applied research and in policy formulation and planning for posts in key institutions in developing countries.

UNU fellowships, thus far, have been awarded only by the World Hunger Programme, which was the first programme to be launched. Fifty persons have been awarded fellowships to date, 9 of whom are wo­men. They come from 23 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East, and Latin America. Twenty have com­pleted their studies and 29 are presently in training.

In addition, seven UNU senior fellowships have been awarded to date to heads of applied research and train­ing institutions or departments in universities to enable them to visit appropriate associated institutions and observe the organization and management of research, including project planning and evaluation_

Fellowship selection includes a preliminary assess­ment of a potential candidate and his institutional environment by a University representative or a University-nominated site visitor. Following a favourable

assessment, a selection committee in the associated institution where training is proposed evaluates the can­didate.

Appraisal during the training period includes periodic reporting by the Fellows, assessment by the tutor/ adviser in the institution, and evaluation by the selection committee periodically and after completion of training. Upon recommendation by the associated institution, Fellows who satisfactorily complete training receive a certificate issued jointly by the associated institution and the University. A major aspect of the fellowship programme is continuing follow-up of the Fellows' work after they return to their home countries to assist them in effective application of their expertise.

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"focused on . . . adequate nourishment for all human beings."

The World Hunger Programme is focused on the most basic material human need: adequate nourishment for all human beings. By June 1978, the programme was associated with eight institutions, and negotiations were in progress to add four others.

The specific projects within the programme were concerned, as in 1976-1977, with ( 1) Human Nutritional Needs and their Fulfilment; (2) Post-Harvest Conserva­tion of Food; and (3) Food and Nutrition Objectives in National Planning and Development. The last of these projects was conceived of as providing the programme's main focus. World Hunger Programme Associated Institutions The eight associated institutions working in the pro­gramme's activities are:

o Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala

" Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India

o Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Manila o Institute of Nutritior and Food Technology, Santiago,

Chile ., Tropical Products Institute, London, UK ., Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research, Caracas e International Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning

Program of the Department of Nutrition and Food Sci­ence and the Center for International Studies, Massachu­setts Institute of Technology, and the Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA

<t Centre for Research in Nutrition, Laval University,

Quebec, Canada

University Fellows in research and training at the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala are involved in activities relevant to the three sub-programmes. This gives them a better under­standing of the multifaceted nature of world hunger problems, the multisectoral approaches to their solution, and the multidisciplinary research needed. Applied research projects undertaken by the Fellows include:

-studies on the effect of energy intake on protein re­quirements of Central American pre-school-age children in determining the most favourable energy­protein ratio in local diets;

-biochemical and physiological studies to determine the consequences of new national salt iodization

programmes; -work on the nutritional value and physical charac­

teristics of Nigerian diets, and development of inexpensive, practical approaches to modify them to increase their nutritional potential;

-studies on ways of meeting iron needs through diet enrichment, and the implications of iron deficiency with special reference to its effects on immune response status;

-research on population factors and characteristics as determinants of infant mortality rates, and the effect of nutrition and other means to modify them;

-studies on the contribution that plant breeding can make to selecting better varieties of legumes, with higher nutritional value, and physical and chemical characteristics more suitable for processing with low-cost technology.

The Central Food and Technological Research Insti­tute in India offers facilities for study and investigation of problems of post-harvest conservation and preserva­tion and processing of foods, directed particularly to the typical needs of developing countries. The applied research initiated by the Fellows as part of their training includes the following:

-development and testing of inexpensive packaging made from indigenous material to prevent losses of grains, fruits, and vegetables during handling, storage, and transportation;

-development of simple methods of preservation of fruits for off-season use, with particular reference to preservation of fruits and vegetables in the form of concentrates;

-utilization of oilseed meals for the development of nutritious food for child-feeding programmes;

-development of appropriate models for efficient management of research and development institu­tions in the area of food science and technology in the developing countries;

-primary processing of cereal gi-ains; -development of a training programme in food

science and technology in the Sudan.

•J UNU Fellows from Indonesia and Bu,ma

l~- (left} working on a field project of the University's associated institution in the

~ .. :--:;: Philippines, the Nutrition Center o1 the · _.::"'- Philippines. In the World Hunger Pro

gramme, fifty UNU fellowships have been awarded to Fellows from 23 countries.

An FAQ Expert Consultative Meeting on simple technologies for conservation, milling, and processing of grain legumes was held at the Central Food Techno­logical Research Institute during November 1977. The Fellows at the Institute and two Fe I tows from the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama took part in the meeting.

Three training cycles involving University Fellows have been completed by the Nutrition Center of the Philippines. The training has provided opportunities to the Fellows to plan and implement food and nutrition programmes at national and community levels. and included several weeks of practical training in rural areas.

During the last week of the second training cycle, the Center arranged for a study mission of 11 senior health programme administrators from the countries of the participating Fellows. The purpose was to familiarize the visitors with the joint United Nations University-Nutrition Center of the Philippines training programme. By informing these administrators about the content and objectives of the training, it is expected that they will be able to make better use of the Fellows after their return. In keeping with this, mission members indicated that Fellows from their countries trained earlier have returned to positions of responsibi I ity in the area of food and nutrition planning.

The five interlinked projects being undertaken at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology in Chile deal with human nutritional requirements and the capacity of local diets to satisfy them, and with food and nutrition objectives in national development plan­ning. The projects are:

( 1) Iron deficiency anaemia in infancy and its preven­tion;

(2) Evaluation of a Chilean mixed diet to meet the protein and energy requirements of adults in low-income groups under customary living condi­tions;

(3) Role of education motivation in stimulating breast-feeding in marginal urban communities;

{4) Evaluation of envirnnmental sanitation as a tool for nutrition improvement;

(5) The purchasing power of low-income urban families and its effects on food consumption as the basis for developing economic indices to predict the groups susceptible to high nutritional deficiency.

The results of these investigations can be used in planning suitable programmes for nutrition improvement throughout Latin America and in many other countries.

University association with the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research extends the lnstitute's effective programme of applied research on the problem of human iron deficiency to other Latin American countries. It will contribute to its prevention through the identifica­tion of suitablio foods and procedures for iron fortifica­tion in these countries, and in other parts of the world. The Institute co-ordinates its research with its counter­parts in Guatemala and Chile.

In the developing world six out of ten children suffer tram mal­nutrition and undernourishment. UNU Fellows and researchers at the University's associated institution in Guatemala, the Institute of Nutrition of Centrai America and Panama, are work­ing in all three sub-programmes of the World Hunger Programme and producing urgently needed information about nutritional requirements in traditional diets.

A UNU Fellow from Senegal at work in the laboratory of the University's associated institution (Central Food Technological Research Institute) in Mysore, India. Feflowships enable scien­tists and research administrators, holding important positions, to broaden their experience by visiting University associated insti· tutions in other countries having problems similar to those in their own.

The Tropical Products Institute in London provides training in post-harvest food conservation which supple­ments that at the institute in Mysore, India. It is one of the leading centres for the study of post-harvest prob· lems, including the various scientific, technological, and economic is-sues arising in post-harvest handling, processing, preservation and storage, quality control, marketing, and utilization of foods as renewable natural resources. The Institute is particularly well placed to offer Fellows from Africa experience in practical research in selected areas of food conservation.

The International Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Program of the MIT-Harvard consortium of­fers Fellows multidisciplinary training that includes nutrition and food science, as well as the social, econom­ic, political, administrative, and public health considera­tions necessary in the improvement of the nutritional status of developing countries. Formal training is fol­lowed by field experience in the Philippines, Guatemala, or India.

The Centre for Research in Nutrition of Laval University in Canada will provide Fellows with training and applied research experience, designed specifically for Fellows from French-speaking Africa, in post-harvest food conservation and food and nutrition policy considerations in planning.

The World Hunger Programme is also negotiating with the following institutions:

e Department of Nutrition and Food Science of the Uni­versity of Ghana, Legan, in collaboration with the other University departments, the Institute of Statistical, Social, and Economic Research, the Food Research Institute, and the Institute for Population Studies

• Institute of Food Technoloqy, Dakar, Senegal " Institute of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology,

Teheran, I ran • National Food Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan

The associations being developed with the Depart­ment of Nutrition and Food Science at the University of Ghana and with the Institute of Food Technology

in Senegal are intended to strengthen their applied research activities and to help them to develop appropriate training programmes. The Centre for Re­search in Nutrition of Laval University will lend particular assistance to the development of the Senegalese institute. The Institute of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology in I ran is expected to become an associated institution of the University later in 1978. A co-operation with the National Food Research In­stitute in Japan is under discussion. This institution could provide training for Asian and other scientists that would help reduce the nearly one-third of harvested rice lost in milling and processing.

Applied Research Projects

Research project grants are awarded by the World Hunger Programme to support the training of Fellows and to help strengthen applied research competence and research networks in developing countries. The research projects will yield new knowledge for applica­tion in solving food and nutrition problems.

To help fill a clear gap in existing knowledge of human nutritional needs, the programme is concentrating on the problem of protein and energy requirements under conditions prevailing in developing countries.

The Nutrition Center of the Philippines is one of eight associated institutions of the World Hunger Programme, It contributes particu­larly to the advanced training work of the University in the planning and implementation of food and nutrition programmes at national and com mu ni ty levels.

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The research instruments developed at the programme's technical workshop held eai-ly in 197'7 are being tested through University-supported studies in five research centres and through studies in three other research centres without United Nations University financial assistance. With respect to iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency, two other serious types of m:;lnutrition, grants are being awarded for research to supplement work already being carried out by other groups and agencies and where knowledge gaps hamper­ing decision-making are clearly identified. University research on iron utilization is being carried out in this manner at associated institutions in Chile and Venezuela.

Practical research proiects on post-harvest conserva­tjon of food have been initiated. Several Fellows trained in this area will soon return to their positions and are expected to develop appropriate research pro­grammes.

Research on important aspects of food and nutrition policy and planning is urgently required for the formula­tion of realistic objectives. To remedy the lack of competent researchers in this area, the University will develop and support fellowship training through its association with the MIT-Harvard consortium's Inter­national Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning

Program.

Programme Co-ordination

Co-ordination of programme act1v1t1es is presently undertaken through meetings of the World Hunger Programme Advisory Committee and its Steering Com­mittee, the sub-committees on Fellowship and on Research, meetings of the Resident Co-ordinators of associated institutions, University staff visits to associated institutions, and exchange visits among institutions.

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The part-time Interregional Co-ordinators of the pro­gramme, appointed early in 1978, play an important role in co-ordinating the activities of the various associated institutions in addition to their other duties.

Advisory Committee Meeting

The programme's Advisory Committee held its second meeting on 17-21 October 1977 at the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala. Reviewing programme work since its first year, the Advisory Committee emphasized the need tor various ways of linking the associated institutions so that they can benefit from their wide variety of experiences and standardize procedures and co-ordinate network and programme development efforts. The Committee indi­cated that the long-term academic future of the Univer­sity will depend considerably on the successful development of the fellowship training and on the fullest utilization of the experience of the Fellows after their return to their home countries. Both the associated institutions and the Fellows are expected to help in evolving effective networks of institutions through which the University can pursue its goals.

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'.J. ,> .... ·~-.. .!.."" :~~1&.. / #. ~~ Effective preservation of crops after harvesting is probably as important to ensuring adequate world food supplies as increasing the size of harvests. In Senegal work on post-harvest conservation at the Institute of Food Technology is linked with University associated in­stitutions in Canada, India, and the United Kingdom.

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"examination of often difficult but always fundamental human issues."

The Human and Social Development Programme, which was in its second year of operation, was pursued through a network of five associated institutions, in Switzerland, Sri Lanka, Mexico, Iran, and Argentina, and about 50 research units scattered throughout the world. The programme brought together scholars from different disciplines, schools of thought, cultural traditions, and ideologies. In examination of often difficult but always fundamental human issues, three .major areas of study are being pursued based on the research activities of the

University: {1 l Problems of Development, (2) Technolo­gy for Development, and (3) Education for Develop­

ment. During the year under review, the programme con­

centrated on continued clarification of its underlying assumptions and on building its networks of research institutions around the world in order to advance the formulation, organization, and implementation of its research projects and activities. As a result, the nature and role of the programme have been delineated, and an increasing number of scholars have begun to work together in internationally co-ordinated networks in search of new goals, processes, and indicators of development and of ways to improve the technical basis of I ife among the rural poor in developing countries.

The five institutions now associated with the pro­gramme are:

o Institute of Development Studies, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

" Marga Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka co El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City o Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran ., Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences, Buenos Aires,

Argentina (See box for individual research units)

The programme is seeking to lay the foundations on which the University, as the academic arm of the United Nations, can develop as a critical forum for the inter­national academic and scientific community on develop­ment problems and alternatives. It is implementing its research projects and activities under three major components: two sub-programmes, ( 1) Problems of Development and (2) Technology and Development,

and a project in Education for Development. The principal parts of the two sub-programmes are:

( 1) Problems of Development, a. Research project on Goals, Processes, and Indi­

cators of Development, b. Research project on Socio-Cultural Evaluation of

Development Alternatives in a Changing World, c. Research activity on Human Rights in the Con­

text of Development; (2) Technology and Development,

a. Research project on Sharing of Traditional Tech­nology,

b. Research project on Research and Development Systems in Rural Settings,

c. Research project on Technology Transfer, Trans­formation and Development: The Japanese Experi­ence,

d. Research project on Transfer of Technology among Developing Countries.

The University as a Critical Forum on Development As a basis for its broad conception of the role of the University in international development, the Human and Social Development Programme has adopted certain assumptions that are indispensable for its successful development and for the effectiveness of the University. The assumptions recommended by the programme's Advisory Committee in its meeting on 3 to 5 November 1977 at El Colegio de Mexico in Mexico City are:

a. the "pressing global problems of human survival, development, and welfare" are closely interrelated, ther~fore, a programme treating the gaps in

knowledge separately is unsatisfactory; b. the solution of world-wide problems depends not

only on technical knowledge on each problem, but also on a clear understanding of the causal relationships among the socio-cultural, economic, and political factors determining the nature of the problems;

c. the maior task of the academic and scientific community is to identify the key determining factors of the problems and not to fill a few gaps in knowledge here and there;

d. the international academic and scientific com­munity is composed of a variety of schools of thought which propose different theories and models of pressing global problems and of ways of solving them, based on various disciplinary backgrounds and cultural traditions.

Accordingly, the programme assumes that the intel­lectual challenge posed by pressing global problems can be met only if scholars from different schools of thought, belonging to different disciplines and cultural traditions, can engage in a sustained dialogue with each other. This requires an international, pluralistic, and multidisciplinary forum. Through the Human and Social Development Programme, the University is establishing such a forum.

In order for the University to serve as a development forum, the programme is integrating its research projects and activities through common themes, interdisciplinary approaches, internetwork collaboration, interprogramme co-ordination, and dialogue. Eacl1 project and activity is undertaken by a network of research units which base their research on different conceptual frameworks. Thus, a dialogue leading to critical comparison and evaluation of concepts and findings can take place through the exchange of researchers and pre-publication material and through joint sub-projects, workshops, and educational activities.

The programme will also serve as a critical forum for the international academic and scientific community by organizing regional or disciplinary seminars, joint projects, and joint activities with United Nations research institutions and international or regional sci­entific organizations. For such collaboration, it is crncial that the programme initiates and carries out innovative research projects and activities representing major conceptualizations. Thus it can play a catalytic role in the world-wide academic and scientific com­munity.

PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPMENT

Goals, Processes, and Indicators of Development

The scholars designing this research project defined development as the development of people in specific societies, not the growth or productivity or the effective­ness of any abstract system. Such a concept means the satisfaction and further development of human needs, both material and non-material. Departing from conventional practice in research on development, the project emphasizes an integrated approach to the research on development goals, on the processes leading to those goals, and on the indicators of progress in development efforts.

Since the first research meeting in Tokyo, in April 1977, 21 research institutions have been selected to form the network of this project and 24 sub-projects have been developed. A second project meeting took place in Geneva in January 1978 to discuss the con­ceptual framework and methodology, and six workshops are scheduled in 1978 on selected project themes. The first workshop, Visions of Alternative Societies, was held in April 1978 in Mexico. Other workshops will be on Alternative Life Styles, Human Needs, Dialogues, World Models, and the Linking of Human Rights and Human Needs.

The project seeks new perspectives that will make it possible for leaders, administrators, and citizens to deal effectively with development problems in various types of societies. Consequently, the project is devising organization and research methods that will build into the inquiry the conceptions that people themselves have of their needs, of the goals of development, and of processes leading to development. Dialogues will be initiated both with planners and decision-makers con­cerned with development problems and people in general in selected project areas. The research network involves institutions in both industrialized and develop­ing countries so that scholars from both may work together in evolving concepts and strategies that will focus on the satisfaction of human needs everywhere.

The Marga Institute in Colombo, Sri Lanka, is one of the assoc:i· ated institutions of the Human and Social Development Pro­gramme. It is co-ordinating a research network working in several Asian countries on the Sharing of Traditional Technology proiect.

RESEARCH UNITS Goals, Processes, and Indicators of Development Bariloche Foundation, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina University of Sussex, Brighton, UK University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania Mershon Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA African Institute for Economic Development and Planning {IDEP). Dakar, Senegal UniversitY of Dar-es-Slllaam, Dw-es-Slllaam, Tanzania Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi, India Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan University of the West Indies, l<ingston, Jamaica University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway McGill University, Montreal, Canada University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea Max Planck Institute, Starnberg, Federal Republic of Germany Polish Academy of Science Committee "Poland Year 2000" Warsaw, Poland ' Peace Research Institute Sweden (PR IS). Goteborg, Sweden United Nations Institute for Training and Research {UNITARI, New York, USA Society for International Development (SID), Rome, Italy Union of International Associations (UAI). Brussels, Belgium World Future Studies Federation {WFSF), Rome, Italy Science Centre Berlin, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany Socio-Cultural Comparative Evaluation of Development Alterna­tives in a Changing World National Centre of Scientific Research, Paris, France University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan National University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Central University of Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela Universityof Teheran, Teheran. Iran

Researi:h and Development Systems in Rural Settings Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences, Mexico City, Mexico Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Economic Development Foundation, Rizal, Philippines Institute for Studies of Rural Development, "Maya A.C.", Mexico City, Mexico Sharing of Traditional Technology Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand Development Research and Consulting Group, Kathmandu, Nepal Dian Desa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia University of Science Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia Development Academy of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan Technology Transfer, Transformation, and Development: The Japanese Experience Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, Japan Tokyo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tokyo, Japan Seikei University, Department of Humanities, Tokyo, Japan Senshu University, Faculty of Commerce and Economics, Tokyo, Japan Aichi University, Department of Law and Economics, Nagoya, Japan Shinshu University, Faculty of Arts, Nagano, Japan Rikkyo University, Faculty of Arts, Tokyo, Japan Hosei University, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo, Japan Tokyo Gakugei University, Tokyo, Japan University of Tokyo, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo, Japan Hitotsubashi University, Institute of Economic Research, Tokyo, Japan Waka University, Tokyo, Japan University of Tokyo, Faculty of Economics, Tokvo, Japan Hanazono University, Tokyo, Japan Hiroshima University, Faculty of Political Science and Eco­nomics, Hiroshima, Japan Kansai University, Faculty of Sociology,.Osaka, Japan Hokkaido University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hok­kaido, Japan University of Tokyo, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanties, Tokyo, Japan

Socio-Cultural Comparative Evaluation of Development Alternatives in a Changing World

This research project focuses on the cultural and civilization dimensions of development. During the first phase, concentration will be on the themes "cultur-al identity and national socio-political change" and "en­dogenous intellectual creativity". The second phase will concentrate on "new and emerging perceptions of prospects of human civilization" and "specificity and universality".

The project was initiated at a meeting of scholars from many parts of the world held in Tokyo in June 1977. It is being co-ordinated from the National Centre for Scientific Research in Paris. When fully organized, it will involve a network of about 50 institutions. Two regional symposia will be held within the next year: one for Latin America (to be held in Mexico City), and another for Asia (in Kyoto), for which approximately 24 research papers have been

The readiness of developing societies to accept new techniques 1s

determined by a complex range of factors which have not alwavs been sufficiently recognized, sometimes traditional techniques may be more effective than newer methods. Several aspects of the Human and Social Deve\opmerit Programme are concerned with gaining greater understanding of this problem.

The pursuit ot ec:onom1c development without adequate con sideration of all its consequences often leads to suftering crnd deprivation. The Human and Social Development Programme is studying the Right: to Health and a Healthy Environment as part o1 its sub-programme on Human Rights in the Context 01 Devel opment.

commissioned. A third symposium is planned for the Middle East. The project plans to develop links with non-governmental organizations, particularly some of the international social science professional associations, and to organize special sessions on the programme's research work at upcoming international conferences in sociology, philosophy, anthropology, political science, and other fields.

The project will eventually cover all regions of the world: Europe, North America, South America, and the Caribbean, tropical Africa, the sub-Sahara, North Africa, the Middle East, West Asia, East Asia, South Asia, South-East Asia, and the Pacific. Social scientists and humanists, including historians and leaders of religious thought, will participate. Each regional group of researchers will be sponsored by one or more institutions in the region actively involved in research in the social sciences and the humanities.

Human Rights in the Context of Development

In the struggle of the world's political and economic institutions, as well as its institutions concerned with knowledge, to cope with immense global problems, a focus on human rights issues offers a way of ensuring that universal human values will be fostered and protected. Along with the satisfaction of human needs, human rights is one of the building blocks of a democratic theory of development. It is for these and other reasons that the programme's Advisory Committee, at its meeting in April 1978, affirmed the importance of human rights in the Human and Social Development Programme as approved by the Counci I of the Univer­sity.

Although to date programme activities on human rights have been linked closely only with the project on Goals, Processes, and Indicators of Development, they wil I also be combined with the other projects. Human rights are conceived broadly and related to the larger context of development in particular societies, including, but not limited to, political rights and civil I iberties.

To begin with, in July 1978, the programme held a colloquium on the Right to Health and a Healthy Environment in co-operation with the Academy of International Law at the Hague. This wi!I be followed by an interdisciplinary colloquium on the significance of human rights in development. Participants will be historians, jurists, social scientists, members of the programme's Advisory Committee, and programme staff and Co-ordinators.

TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT

Sharing of Traditional Technology

This research project is concerned with sharing tradi­tional technologies to improve the lives of poor people in rural corrimunities through a fuller and more efficient use of local resources. Rural groups will be helped by project researchers to build their own research and development capacity. Special attention

will be given to their technologies relating to food, to the protection and care of the human body, and to housing, and to how such technologies may be improved by learning first from other communities.

Two project meetings were held in the past year in Tokyo, Japan, and in Kathmandu in Nepal. During the meeting in Tokyo, the research project team decided to regard the first year as a pilot phase and concentrate its research activities in Asia. The project is co-ordinated by the Marga Institute in Sri Lanka, a University associ­ated institution, which has established a network of re­search institutions, groups, and individuals in Sri Lanka, Thailand, Iran, Nepal, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philip­pines, and Japan. Research by all the co-operating institutions is carried out in rural villages selected on the basis of their degree of exposure to modernization, degree of market orientation, occupational patterns, ethnicity, and type of land tenure system.

The dialogical approach is being employed in this project. It requires that the researchers understand the social and ecological conditions of the village and draw out the responses of the villagers. The field researchers, who are living in the selected villages for extended periods, and the villagers are thus engaging in a genuine exchange of knowledge and information.

Research and Development Systems in Rural Settings

This research project· is helping design alternative strategies for generating technologies in developing countries and develop a new methodology of techno­logical research. By effectively connecting the "R & D systems" in the modern sector of a developing country with the whole society, and with the body of traditional knowledge the rural people already possess, technologies appropriate to their specific needs and resources can be generated. R & D systems refer to the combination of institutions in any society that are specifically devoted to scientific and technological research and those public and private organizations that apply the results of research to the production of goods and services.

Co-ordinated through the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences in Mexico, the project monitors the research progress of groups studying problems of technological development in Mexico, Ethiopia, Iran, and the Philippines. Researchers are in direct contact with rural people and are learning with and from them the causes of achievements and failures in introducing technologies in rural areas. Field tests are now under way on a new methodology of linking R & D systems with the people's existing knowledge in order to develop new local solutions to technological problems. Plans call for two rounds of field experiments and revisions of methodology_

Technology Transfer, Transformation, and Development: The Japanese Experience

As a complement to the above two research projects in rural technology, the programme completed the design of a research project on Technology Transfer, Transformation, and Development: The Japanese Experi-

ence. Unlike other programme projects, this is a country study, rather than a comparative study, looking at the unique experience of Japan in development. Focused on the interrelationship between endogenous technology and foreign technology, it will examine ~ase studies where: (a) imported modern technology replaced tradi­tional or endogenous technology (i.e., iron, steel, railway transport, etc.); (b) imported modern technol­ogy co-existed with traditional or endogenous technol­ogy (i.e., mining industry); (c) imported modern technology failed to replace traditional or endogenous technology (i.e., tractor farming); and (d) imported modern technology was integrated with traditional or endogenous technology (i.e., irrigation).

The project will emphasize the linkage between technology and labour, the structure and dynamism of the working population, employment opportunities, acquisition of certain techniques and their dissemination, organization and discipline of labour, working condi­tions, and the human rights aspect of technology and development. A network of universities and research centres in Japan will participate in the project which will be co-ordinated by the Institute of Developing Economies in Tokyo.

Transfer of Technology among Developing Countries

The Human and Social Development Programme is planning to launch a research project in the area of technology transfer among developing countries. This will be jointly implemented by the Latin American Council of Social Sciences and the Council for the Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa.

EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT

The programme is developing an international educa­tional programme focused on the global problems addressed by the University's three priority programmes and involving participants from different cultures, and socio-economic and political systems. All three pro­grammes will co-operate in this venture to develop better integration, dissemination, and application of knowledge about development. This would entail carrying out educational activities in developing coun­tries as well as in industrialized countries.

The education programme, developed with the help of a consultant from the Institute of Development Studies of the University of Sussex, would be one of the most important methods of disseminating the University's research results, particularly when these have implications for development strategy, and of fostering world-wide awareness of global interdepen­dence and the imperative of international collaboration in solving global problems. Its educational activities would include not only, or mainly, central government officials, but also many types of people, especially the young. It would help university scholars and officials in international organizations to keep up with advancing knowledge in human and social development.

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THE GLOBAL NETWORKS OF THE UNIVERSITY

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"ways to protect the environment and increase productivity . ... "

The Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources, which was initiated in February 1977, established its first associated institution in the same year and was negotiating with several others.

The programme is focusing its efforts on three areas: (1) ways to protect the environment and increase productivity through improved management of natural resources in the humid tropics, (2) the effective applica­tion of existing knowledge to the problems of arid lands, and (3) the shortage of energy in rural areas of developing countries. Working in co-operation with the programmes on World Hunger and Human and Social Development, Natural Resources is setting up comprehensive sub­programmes in each of the three areas: (1) The Ecolog­ical Basis for Rural Development in the Hum id Tropics; (2) Assessment of the Application of Knowledge to Arid Lands Problems; and (3) Energy for Rural Communities.

Inasmuch as the past year and a half has been devoted to programme planning and initial organization, the following concentrates on the practical problems being addressed, the rationale of the programme, and the conceptualization of its approaches to those prol:>lems. The rapid progress achieved in programme development and organization is reflected in concrete projects being launched and the emerging collaboration with various institutions.

In 1978, the work of the programme will be develop­ing in the following associated institutions:

" Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre, Turrialba, Costa Rica

., University of lfe. lle-lfe, Nigeria o Bogar Agricultural University, Bogar, Indonesia "' Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand • University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby o University of Khartoum. Khartoum, Republic of the

Sudan o Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran c The National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, Iceland '" National Office for Scientific Research, Algiers, Algeria

The programme's activities were initially formulated by expert panels whose proposals were scrutinized, modified, and finally endorsed by the programme's Advisory Committee in May 1977. In April 1978, the Steering Committee and Project Co-ordinators met to review the progress of the programme and suggest future activities. It should be stressed that, although the projects are presented here for convenience as separate topics, they should not be regarded as individual entities. There are many interactions among the projects and efforts are being made to maximize these through the networks.

THE ECOLOGICAL BASIS FOR RURAL DEVELOP­MENT IN THE HUMID TROPICS

The purpose of this sub-programme is to analyse traditional resource systems, and determine how modifications, adaptations, and the introduction of new technologies can be made to protect the environment, maintain or increase productivity, and satisfy the aspirations of local populations. Problems in this area are being researched by utilizing the concept of

"resource systems", which can be roughly defined as the chain of processes through which resources, human or natural, undergo transformation into an end-product or a service. Such a concept is useful for both research and education as it provides a comprehensive view of the problems and facilitates interdisciplinary co­operation. Four resource systems were selected for the initial investigation: {1) rural energy systems, (2) agro­forestry systems, (3) water-land interactive systems, and (4) highland-lowland interactive systems.

The resource systems approach itself is being assessed, and attempts are being made to further develop theory and methodology. For these purposes, a task force was assembled in May 1978 in the Philippines, and several studies and publications are anticipated.

Rural Energy Systems

Adequate energy supplies are critical to development. Therefore, the first area under investigation is rural energy systems. For example, the primary source of fuel in many rural areas of the humid tropics is wood, and an overdependence on this source can lead to environ­mental deterioration and can hinder development progress. By examining the mix of energy sources available and analysing the economic and social processes that determine the production and distribution of fuels, both practical and theoretical insights can be gained. A better understanding of rural energy systems will contribute to effective management policies, which could not only increase available energy supplies but also lessen long-term environmental deterioration. The possibilities for technological innovation, whether through non-conventional energy sources, such as biogas or through simpler means, such as more efficient cookstoves, are also being investigated.

A comprehensive study has begun at the University of

lfe. Encompassing much of south-western N ige~ia, it is investigating fuel supply systems serving the cities of lle-lfe and Ogbomosho, and the large urban centre

of Ibadan. Several University Fellows are expected to begin working with the project there in early 1979.

Possibilities exist for complementary studies that would provide insights into the common aspects of energy supplies and their relationship to development, as well as yield practical results for policy-making and technological innovation. Malaysia is being proposed as the site for one such study, while others are being considered for rural areas of industrialized countries.

Agro-forestry Systems

In much of the humid tropics, increasing population and rising demands for food and raw materials for export are putting a great strain on traditional systems that have evolved mainly to meet subsistence needs and local exchange. The resulting intensification of agriculture that often adopts inappropriate techniques developed in temperate areas has almost invariably led to the vicious cycle of environmental deterioration and a lowering of productive capacity. One of the most promising methods for sustaining high productivity

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while m1nim121ng social and environmental damage is agro-forestry systems, which combine tree and field crops, and sometimes livestock as well. Studies of traditional land-use practices could provide much of the information needed to develop farming methods that are location-and-culture-specific.

The Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre in Turrialba, Costa Rica, became the pro­gramme's first associated institution in October 1977. A workshop on agro-forestry systems for small farmers will be held there late in 1978. Research on the scientific basis of agro-forestry systems and traditional land-use practices will take place in co-operation with the newly formed International Center for Research in Agro­Forestry.

Other act1v1t1es in agro-forestry systems will be initiated at associated institutions in Thailand and Indonesia. The exchange of Fellows and participation in meetings will serve as the first step towards an exchange of scholars and information, particularly among developing countries.

Water-land Interactive Systems

Given the pressures for development and an expansion of production on the one hand and the environmental constraints so often present on the other, an examina­tion of the interactions between land and water is critical for the future development of the humid tropics, especially in coastal areas. Freshwater swamps, rivers, and estuaries are an important source of protein over extremely large areas for people who often live on minimal diets. In these areas, changes in the watershed, caused either by development projects or through the chain reaction of deforestation, erosion, flooding and sedimentation, can severely disrupt the local economic and social system and reduce its resource base. This project will seek a better understanding of the role of water management in systems such as rice paddies or estuarine fisheries and more comprehensive knowledge of the interactions between land and water. Results envisioned include policy guidelines and possible tech­niques for the enhancement of productive capacity.

The Bogor Agricultural University in Indonesia is expected to be the initial base for these activities, and negotiations to make it an associated institution are under way. A workshop is being held in September 1978, and research and advanced training activities shou Id begin shortly thereafter.

Coastal zone resource management is another area being studied and since coastal zones are also regarded as water-land interactive systems, close ties between the two projects should develop. A task force meeting on coastal zones was held in late April 1978 in Tokyo, and a number of proposals were discussed regarding activities in the Middle East, South-East Asia, and Latin America.

For many of these projects considerable assistance from outside will be needed before they can be fully implemented. The University is planning to initiate a training course on the techniques of resource assess­ment as a guide to planning and development. The

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course will be held in Indonesia and will involve both young Indonesian scientists and several UNU Fellows. An evaluation mission is being sent to the Middle East in mid-1978 to explore project possibilities there.

Highland-Lowland Interactive Systems

Highlands in the humid tropics often have a limited but nonetheless valuable resource base to support large populations. Excessive pressure on the resources can result in severe environmental damage, such as erosion, flooding, and sedimentation, and highland-lowland interactions have typically been evaluated only in these terms. However, the social and economic exchanges between these geographic arnas must also be considered, not only the effects of the highlands on the lowlands, but also the effects of the lowlands on the highlands.

Whereas the effects of highland-lowland interactions have long been known in areas such as South-East Asia and Latin America, such interactions are only now beginning to have significant effects in Papua New Guinea. A comprehensive study there to increase understanding of these interactions will yield long-term benefits for improving resource planning and minimizing future environmental damage. As a result of an evalua­tion mission to Papua New Guinea in May 1978, a study is being planned in conjunction with an associated institution. This project is complementary to UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme, and the possibilities to make it a joint UNU-UNESCO venture are being explored.

As part of highland-lowland studies, the programme's task force meeting in October 1977 recommended that a pilot project in natural hazards mapping be initiated. Present plans are for a pilot study in the southern Himalayan region, with the goal of improving land-use and resource planning through the mapping of areas susceptible to natural hazards such as landslides, avalanches, and flooding. Early identification and proper planning can significantly lessen future difficulties.

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ASSESSMENT OF THE APPLICATION OF KNOWL­EDGE TO ARID LANDS PROBLEMS

Arid lands (including semi-arid and hyper-arid) comprise some 30 per cent of the world's land surface and include 14 per cent of the world's population, many of whom are considered as the "poorest of the poor". The patchy coverage of development planning and projects have generally passed over arid lands, i-esulting in even larger income gaps for their populations when compared to other areas. Overgi-azing, dryland farming, and the stripping of wood and other organic materials for feed and fuel have been found to seriously impair the capacity of the land to sustain life. Fluctuations in rainfall, a natural characteristic 0f arid lands, intensify the existing problems of poverty and environmental deterioration.

In recent years, considerable funds have been spent and much knowledge has been gathered about arid lands, but major mismanagement - or lack of management -has continued. The United Nations Conference on Desertification, held in August and September 1977, emphasized that existing knowledge, while by no means complete, is sufficient to alleviate the most immediate problems of arid lands. Thus, the programme is focusing on factors that prevent the effective use of knowledge, and the subsequent development and im­plementation of means to overcome these difficulties.

More specifically, the programme will assess past development projects in order to determine to what extent existing knowledge was applied, and the effect this had on the eventual outcome of the projects. The programme has already commissioned studies on the settlement of nomads, the criteria for the assessment of past development projects, and the evaluation of various projects in specific areas. Of great potential value are other assessment studies being sponsored by the programme that are examining the obstacles to the application of knowledge from desert research institu­tions to local prnblems. A workshop is scheduled for

A study of interaction between highlands and lowlands is an important part of the University's sub-programme on the Ecological Basis for Rural Development in the Humid Tropics. Forest degradation caused by farmers using shifting cultivation in the highlands of Papua New Guinea will receive special attention in this research and training project.

early 1979 to draw together the results of these studies and plan the next set of activities. Plans also call for a publication integrating the studies. It is hoped that this approach will reduce the present resistance to assessment studies, and encourage evaluation as a feed· back mechanism to the planning p1·ocess.

The programme is also planning publications that will provide planners and decision-makers with useful infor­mation about the management options available to them. Task forces wil I prepare a typology of a1·id lands based on natural, social, and cultural characteristics, and this will be the basis for the delineation of management op· tions.

Arid lands comprise about one-third of the world's land surface Existing knowledge is probably sufficient to alleviate the most urgent problems of these areas but it is rnadequately d1ssem1-

nated and applied. The Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources includes a proiect to investigate tactors which have prevented the effective use of scientific knowledge in the past and possible ways of overcoming these obstacles in the future.

Most ot the work being done on solar energy is concerned with applications in industrialized countries. Yet there are important possibilities for using solar energy in developing countries and particularly in small and remote rural communities. The Pro­gramme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources has several projects concerned with the application of alternative energy resources (solar, biogas, and wind) to rural communities. The illustration above shows part of the solar energy laboratory at Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran, an associated institution in th is pro1ect.

The way in which people perceive their environment and their problems must be understood if any develop· ment project is to succeed. All too often there are large differences in the goals and values of planners and decision-makers on the one hand and the local population on the other. These topics are the concern of several more programme-sponsored studies being con­ducted in both developing and industrialized countries.

Efforts are also being made to strengthen the research and training capabilities of existing institutions in the areas of interest to the programme. Based upon the recommendations of an evaluation mission, the University of Kha1·toum in the Sudan will serve as the primary institutional base for the programme's arid lands projects, and negotiations to make the University of Khartoum an associated institution are in their final stage. In addition to sponsoring research and advanced training, the programme will assist the University of Khartoum in developing a curriculum for an advanced degree in arid lands management, as such a programme apparently does not exist anywhere. The evaluation mission was sent to the Middle East in June 1978 to explore possible links between the University of Khartoum and other institutions. Advanced training pro­grammes for scientists and decision-makers from devel­oping countries may also be initiated at institutions in Australia, India, and the United States.

ENERGY FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES

The sharp and sudden increases in oil prices beginning in late 1973 have made many nations, both rich and poor, aware that oil is a finite resource that is now being rapidly depleted. Many are coming to the realization that alternative energy sources, particularly renewable sources such as solar, biogas, and wind, must be developed. However, there are basic differences between the energy requirements of industrialized countries and those of developing countries, and the capacity of adapting to renewable sources. Industrialized coun­tries need· to adapt alternative sources of energy to a complex system that is centralized and largely dependent on electricity, oil, and natural gas. In maintaining high levels of energy use at least cost, they have access to various high-technology and capital­intensive alternatives such as nuclear fission.

On the other hand, developing countries require increasing amounts of energy merely to satisfy minimal needs. They generally do not have complex production and distribution systems, and most of their needs can be satisfied by decentralized, low-temperature sources. At present, much of the energy in developing countries is supplied by locally available fuels, primarily wood, but an overdependence on these resources can hinder development and bring about environmental deteriora· tion. Alternative sources of energy could have their greatest and most immediate impact in rural com­munities in developing countries where the energy crisis is most acute and where its long-term effects can be most damaging.

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Pilot Projects

A primary activity of the sub-programme on energy is the establishment of a series of integrated pilot projects to test and demonstrate the use of solar, biogas, and wind energy in rural communities in developing coun­tries. Since the technology for non-conventional energy sources is either already well developed or under intensive study, the programme will emphasize three topics: (1) the integration and adaptation of existing technology to local conditions and local materials; (2) socio-cultural problems of introducing non-conventional energy sources, including economic and political aspects; and (3) training and dissemination of information. In each pilot project, a mix of energy sources will be utilized, depending on the resources available and the type of energy required {heat, mechanical, or electrical).

The programme is establishing the first pilot project in central Iran with Pahlavi University as an associated institution and US$1 million support to be provided by the Government of Iran over five years. Research and training will focus on various devices such as hot water heaters, solar autoclaves for sterilizing medical instru­ments, solar cookers, and solar power generation.

A second project, concerned primarily with architec­ture, building materials, and energy use, is planned for Algeria. With the country building large numbers of new villages, the development of energy-efficient houses and building materials would be of obvious benefit.

Part of the work will involve use of solar energy for such tasks as desalinization and water pumping.

Bioconversion

One of the priority areas of the programme is the devel­opment of appropriate methodologies for the produc­tion of biomass and biogas from organic wastes, especial­ly in rural areas. For its part, the World Hunger Pro­gramme is concerned with the establishment of the nutritional value and safety of non-conventional feed and food products derived from organic wastes. Given their converging interests, Natural Resources and World Hunger activities in these areas are being dovetailed

in a joint project. A task force meeting was convened in Athens in

March 1978, at which it was recommended that the Natural Resources and World Hunger programmes jointly sponsor a conference to be held at the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala in late 1978. This conference will focus on the state of the a1·t of bioconversion of organic residues for rural communities, and a working group meeting following the conference will formulate recom­mendations for future activities.

Energy Studies In add.1tion to these technically oriented projects, the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is actively exploring the possibility of setting up a centre of expertise in India to analyse trends in energy production and consumption, and recommended policy. With the Government of India providing most of the funds, this institution could also be associated with the University. At the present time, a feasibility study is being conducted by the University with UNDP in order to determine the value and purpose of such an institution.

Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is another area of the programme's concern, although as a result of its relative complexity and centralized nature, it is often more appropriate to those countries which already have a well developed energy distribution system. The purpose of the pro­gramme's activities is to give those developing countries that have the potential for utilizing geothermal energy the capability to develop these resources. Thus, the programme is negotiating with the National Erfergy Authority for the establishment of an associated institu­tion in Iceland that will serve as a University centre for research and advanced training. A workshop in June 1978 planned the project and brought together the experts now involved in geothermal training.

The Tropical Agricultural Research and Train­ing Center (CATIE) in Turrialba, Costa Rica, was the first assoc,ated institution of the Pro­gramme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources. During 1978. e'.ght other associated institutions will be linked with the programme's world-wide network of universities and research institutions.

JOINT PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES

"a landmark in history of the University ... "

Because of the many interfaces among the University's three priority programmes, every opportunity is being taken to co-ordinate and integrate their efforts. This is achieved through Council discussions, University staf-1 meetings, joint meetings of members of the programme Advisory Committees, and joint workshops. In April 1978, the steering committee members of the three Programme Advisory Committees, the Programme and Project Co-ordinators, and the University staff met for the first time at the University headquarters in Tokyo.

On that occasion, a joint steering committee meeting of the World Hunger Programme and the Human and Social Development Programme was also held to develop plans for joint studies on goals and indicators for food and nutrition policy planning. Future joint activities will be developed by the two programmes in the common area of sharing endogenous technology, with special reference to village-level post-harvest food con­servation.

Earlier, the World Hunger Programme and the Pro­gramme on the Use and Management of Natural Re­sources developed a joint project on microbial process­ing of organic residues at the village level for animal feeding. At a planning meeting held in March 1978 in Athens, Greece, the staff of the two programmes met with experts in this field from FAQ, UNESCO, the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Studies, and the Institute for Animal Nutrition Research, the Netherlands, to design a continuing programme of work in this field. An initial activity will be a World Hunger-Natural Resources programme workshop on bio­conversion of organic residues for rural communities, to be held in Guatemala in November 1978. The use of solar energy in food drying is another area where both programmes will evolve joint activities in the future.

The Human and Social Development Programme is initiating for the University an international educational programme called Education for Development. Through the educational activities of this evolving programme, the three priority programmes can jointly disseminate the results of their research and involve in their discus­sion and utilization many scholars and decision-makers throughout the world. At the same time, the educational activities would help countries to design educational programmes that will promote a greater awareness of global interdependence and the need for international co-operation in solving common problems.

CO-OPERATION WITH UN AGENCIES

"to achieve maximum complementarity ... "

In the development of the programmes, great care has been taken to ensure that there is close contact and full co-operation with other agencies in the United Nations family, as well as with other international institutions and organizations. The aim is to achieve maximum complementarity with other organizations interested in the same general fields and eliminate duplication.

The World Hunger Programme, for example, has concluded agreements for co-operation and co-ordination with WHO and FAO. Close collaboration with these and other UN agencies is being maintained through the participation of senior officials in the food and nutrition programmes of these agencies as experts in the Pro­gramme Advisory Committee meetings. The University contributes to the training of high quality manpower needed in developing countries for the activities of other UN agencies concerned with the elimination of world hunger.

The University is also represented on the United Nations ACC Sub-Committee on Nutrition, and, in co-operation with this newly established body, has taken over publication of the former PAG (Protein­Calorie Advisory Group) Bulletin. The new periodical, called The Food and Nutrition Bulletin, will carry technical articles and information on efforts to combat the world hunger problem.

The Human and Social Development Programme maintains close contact with other UN agencies and international organizations. The research activities of the sub-programme on Problems of Development are being co-ordinated with those of UNESCO, UNITAR, UNRISD, UNIDO, as well as the African Institute for Economic Development and Planning and the Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences. The Technology and Development sub-programme is co-ordinating its activities with UNCTAD, UNIDO, UNDP, and the Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology to Development. There is also close collabo­ration with regional development organizations, in particular with the Society for International Develop­ment, the World Future Studies Federation, and the Union of International Associations.

The Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources co-operates closely with other United Nations agencies concerned with ecology and energy, including FAO, UNEP, and UNESCO. A project on highland-lowland interactive systems is complementary to UNESCO's Man and the Biosphere Programme. There has also been co-operation with bilateral agencies and with scientific organizations such as the Interna­tional Council of Scientific Unions, including the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment.

DISSEMINATING INFORMATION

The University disseminates information resulting from its work and from other sources in various ways. During the period under review, all three of the programmes conducted or made plans for workshops designed to communicate information. In addition, Academic Serv­ices began a programme of publications, a number of which dealt with the material discussed at the work­shops.

Workshops

The University initiated its workshops on the interfaces of agriculture, food science, and nutrition in Ibadan, Nigeria in 1976. This was followed by another one in Los Banos, the Philippines in 1977. The cost of both was shared with the Rockefeller Foundation. The third was held jointly with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science in June 1978 in Hungary. A fourth workshop will be held in October 1978 at the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala, with the participa­tion of the National Institute for Agricultural Research, El Salvador, the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture, Colombia, the International Centre for Wheat and Maize Research, Mexico, and the Interna­tional Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Costa Rica. Future workshops are planned for South America, Iran. Indonesia, and East Africa.

A technical workshop on the Impact of Food Price Policies on Nutrition was held in March 1978 in Mexico, jointly with the Centro de Estudios Economico y Sociales del Tercer Mundo. The workshop examined the impact on food consumption and nutrition of different economic policies affecting food prices in various Latin

American countries. It also defined priority areas for further study and the most appropriate methodologies to be used.

A technical workshop on Protein and Energy Needs in Developing Countries was held in Costa Rica early in 1977. In July 1978, a meeting will be held to finalize the draft for publication in order to incorporate significant new resea1·ch findings.

Following the Human and Social Development Pro­gramme Advisory Committee meeting in November 1977, the programme and the Latin American Council of Social Sciences held a joint seminar at El Colegio de Mexico in Mexico City. The main purpose of this seminar was to involve 60 Latin American scholars from different social science disciplines in the pro­grammes research activities and put them in touch with the programme staff, the Project Co-ordinato1·s. and the Advisory Committee members. After a presentation

and discussion of the programme's research projects, the semina1· discussed the rnsearch being conducted in Latin America which is 1·elated to the priority areas of the programme. As a result of the seminar, concrete suggestions were made to relate ongoing research in the region to University projects and vice-versa. More research seminars in other regions are being planned by the programme.

At the global level, one of the major handicaps in developing alternative rural energy sources is the isola­tion of researchers in developing countries. To solve this pressing need, the Programme on the Use and Manage­ment of Natural Resources has set up a network to collect and distribute the most recent scientific publica­tions at minimal costs to those scientists active in developing countries. Based in Japan, this information

network is just beginning to operate on a trial basis. It should lead to less duplication, much greater co-opera­tion, and a genernlly better diffusion of knowledge than has hitherto been the case.

Finally, to link all its rural energy sources activities, the University is planning a workshop for early 1979 on the global assessment of energy alternatives. Held in co-operation with the International Institute for Applied

Systems Analysis in Vienna and the East-West Center in Honolulu, this workshop will examine the various barriers, both social and technological, to the utilization -of non-conventional energy sources. The results and the papers presented will be collected and published by the University as a realistic guide to the problems and value of adopting non-conventional energy sources.

Academic Services In addition to the scientific meetings held by the three priority programmes, the University's dissemination of knowledge effort in the period June 1977-June 1978 also included the initiation of three series of programme publications by Academic Services. The division serves the programmes of the University, both by providing them with a variety of information necessary for their activities and by disseminating the knowledge generated by them and from other sources. Its functions include publishing, the United Nations University central library, and referral.

During the period under review, Academic Services concentrated on establishing the framework for its work in becoming an academic and scientific information centre. It began implementing some of the guidelines formulated by the expert group on the Dissemination of Knowledge, which met in January 1977, and discussed by the Council at its eighth session.* Also, various computer retrieval systems are being developed in con­junction with existing international information projects, particularly with those of UNESCO.

Some 13 titles have been published or are being processed for publication by Academic Se1·vices in 1978.

Consultative Meetings

From its inception, the United Nations University has simultaneously carried out several interrelated respon­sibilities: the conception and execution of distinctive programmes; the establishment of effective institutional relationships to carry out its programmes; fund-raising; and the promotion of effective understanding of the novel concept of the University throughout the world.

To serve all these purposes, and particularly the last,

*" ... the Universitv faces a very large and peculiar task of communicating. This follows from its special characteristics, particularly the dispersion ot its work among many associated institutions all over the world; but also from the number of languages used by those working for it and by its potential audiences; its commitment to policy improvement; its obligation to reduce the isolation of scholars in remote places; its policy of seeking public !'eaction to its work, and the concentration of its research in a limited number of multidisciplinary fields."

From Report of Expert Group on Dissemination of Knowledge, January 1977.

the University has continued the series of consultative meetings it commenced in October 1976. The main functions of these meetings are to inform intellectual, scientific, and governmental leaders in different parts of the world about the University's purposes, methods, and priority programmes, and to obtain, in return, reactions and ideas about the ways the University can be of greatest se1·vice in helping solve "pressing global problems of human survival, development, and welfare".

The initial consultative meetings were held in London (October 1976), in Paris, Bonn and Stockholm (March 1977), and in Kuala Lumpur (May 1977). In the period under review, meetings were held in Caracas, Washington and Ottawa (October 1977), in Tokyo (December 1977), in New Delhi and Doha (February 1978), and in Athens

(March 1978). Some 945 participants drawn from 69 countries and several international organizations have participated in the meetings to date. In addition, in November and December 1976, consultations took place on the occasion of the General Conferences of the Association of Arab Universities in Baghdad and and the Association of African Universities in Khartoum.

Consultative meetings are scheduled to be held in Nairobi, Accra, and Mexico City March and April 1979.

Participants in the meetings held included vice­chance/1 ors, rectors, and presidents of colleges and universities, directors of research institutions, directors of polytechnics and other higher educational institutions, professors and heads of departments, officers of research councils and national academies of sciences, repre­sentatives of the ministries of education, foreign affairs, science and overseas development, of United Nations organizations, of educational, cultural and other non­governmental organizations, of trusts and foundations, of United Nations Associations, and of UNESCO National Commissions, people who had taken part in various United Nations University expert meetings, members of the organizing committees, and members of the Council of the University. The University was represented by the Rector and his senior colleagues.

Participants in these meetings discussed the nature and work of the University in general, its initial programmes, and its possible future directions; they raised various issues, especially those concerning the distinctive character of the University and the special, global contributions to knowledge in various parts of the world. Participants in the different regions of the world placed varying emphases on particular programmes of the University.

I

FUND-RAISING AND BUDGET

Fund-raising

The funding of the United Nations University is unusual in the UN system of institutions. It is derived largely from income from an Endowment Fund made up of voluntary contributions by Member States, annual operating contributions, and specific project support. Unlike most United Nations organizations, the Univer­sity is not financed by regular annual subventions provided by the General Assembly or Member States, but receives income basically from interest earned by Endowment Fund resources.

The University has set a target of US$500 million for

the Endowment Fund, which would be five times the initial generous pledge of US$100 million made by the Government of Japan before the University began to operate. Annual income from this target would range from roughly US$25 million to US$40 million, which are not large sums for the basic financing considering the scope of the University's world-wide mandate. It is pro­jected that, when the Endowment is fully funded, rough­ly 12 per cent of income would be spent on head­quarters operations, including programme planning, supervision and evalution, and 88 per cent on pro­gramme activities throughout the world.

The Government of Japan made its pledge with the expectation that contributions would also be made by other countries and sources. To date, of the US$100 million pledged, the first four instalments, totalling US$70 million, have been received, and the Government of Japan has budgeted another contribution of US$10 million for 1979. Pledges and contributions have been made by 19 other Governments (see box). As of June 1978, pledges and contributions totalled slightly over US$126 million and actual contributions received by the University totalled US$78,066,012. In addition to con­tributions to the Endowment Fund, countries such as Greece, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden have made operating contributions similar to those given to inter­national organizations on an annual basis. Most of these have been given as temporary measures to enable the University to initiate programme activities.

The University's main financial problem is that the present level of endowment income does not permit the implementation of the full scope of the three priority areas and does not reflect an acceptable balance between the cost of necessary headquarters operations and adequate external programme activities. Since the principal purpose of the University is its programme activities around the world, external programme support outside the Tokyo centre should far exceed headquarters expenses and should be firmly supported by endowment income.

The University's problems in its fund-raising include initial lack of understanding of the identity of this new institution, ignorance about its true nature, and residual opposition to the original concept of the University as a traditional campus-based institution, especially among some of the industrialized countries. Thus, in seeking to raise its Endowment and other funds, the University has a two-fold task before it: {a) to eliminate ignorance

and alleviate scepticism among governments and aca­demic leaders, and thereby create gene1·al and greater acceptance; and (b) to obtain material support from all Member States.

The Rector and the Vice- Rector for Planning and Development, either jointly or individually, have visited over 65 count1·ies to make solicitations to government leaders and to explain the work of the University to them and to academic leaders. A number of countries have been visited on several occasions. Virtually all of these countries have indicated their· intention to contribute when economic circumstances permit. En­dowment contributions are now under active considera­tion by several Governments in Europe, the Middle East, and North America.

ENDOWMENT FUND

Pledged Paid Japan US$100 000 000 US$70 000 000 Venezuela 10 000 000 4 000 000 Saudi Arabia 5 000 000 1 070 000 The Sudan 5 000 000 Ghana 2 500 000 1 000 000 Senegal 1000000 India 750 000 75 000 Sweden 231 215 Holy See 50 000

TOTAL US$1 24 250 000 US$76 426 215

OPERATING CON TRI BUT IONS

Austria US$ 238 800 (January 1977) 61 600 (pledged annually;

October 19771 Sweden 208 877 (November 1977) Norway 180 018 (April 1976)

189 251 (May 1977) 194 780 I February 1978)

Switzerland 182 796 (March 1978) Netherlands 100 000 (July 1976)

100 000 (July 19771 Zaire 100 000 (July 1977) Libya 50 000 !December 1976)

50 000 (Februa,y 19771 50 000 (August 1977)

Philippines 50 000 (June 1978) Greece 20 000 (January 1976)

20000 (December 19771 Senegal 22 087 (January 1975) Ghana 14 750 (May 1975)

14 790 (November 1975) 14 790 (June 19771

Tunisia 10 000 (November 1977) Cyprus 1 291 (June 1978)

Total US$1 873 830•

"Pledged and/or paid. Actual contributions received amount to US$1 .639,797.

Budget The University's total estimated income was US$ 6,108,367 for fiscal year* 1977 and US$9, 133,352 for 1978.

At this stage in the University's development, carry­over funds result from certain circumstances. In order to provide the programmes the full opportunity for forward planning, maximum available funds are allotted to them when budgets are developed during the previous

INCOME**

1977 Interest income from the Endowment Fund Carry-over to 1977 programme budget Expected surplus from 1976 budget carried over to 1977 income

EXPENDITURES** • • All amounts are in US dollars.

Programme Division~-----

1977

4,778,367 500,000

830,000

6,108,367

University Council----------------

Planning & Development 330.450 15

_41 Division-----------'----'------<

Rector's Office ______ 3-'-0---'-2-'-,6_5_0--'(_4'"-.9)

Administrative Services Division ____ 1~,2_1_2...,.900 (19.9)

TOTAL 6,108,367 (100.0)

~;~\"'.~:...·:-.-.•,,_1.,. .. (_~J~)(l, · : ' . ,_-, :· _,

,. r. t·.

fr·

year. In the course of implementation, however, careful scrutiny is made of all institutional arrangements before funds are expended. Since institutional associations are being made now for the first time, not all allotted funds are spent, and carry-over funds result. As the University gains more experience, however, its budgeting can be predicted more accurately and carry-over funds will decline.

.. Same as calender year.

1978 Interest income from the Endowment Fund Expected additional Endowment income Carry-over

5,021,539 854,286

1,850,000 1,407,527 Operating contributions

1978

TOTAL 9,133,352 (100.0)

9,133,352

Programme Division

---Planning & Development Division

----Rector's Office

----Administrative Services Division

UNIVERSITY STAFF, ADVISORY COMMITTEE MEMBERS, AND PROGRAMME

Office of the Rector Dr. James M. Hester, Rector Dr. lchiro Kato, Senior Adviser to the Rector Dr. Jose V. Abueva, Secretary of the University Mr. James Holger, Executive Assistant

Planning and Development Dr. Alexander A. Kwapong, Vice-Rector for Planning and Devel­opment Mr. S. Chidambaranathan, Senior Governmental and Institutional Relations Officer Mr. Vagn Kjellberg, Governmental and Institutional Relations Officer

World Hunger Programme

Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw, Senior Adviser to the Rector (World Hunger Programme) Dr. Peruvemba S. Venkatachalam, Senior Programme Officer

Human and Social Development Programme Dr. Kinhide Mushakoji, Vice-Rector for Programme {Human and Social Development} Dr. Ponna Wignaraja, Senior Programme Officer Dr. Hossam Issa, Programme Officer Dr. Pedro Henriquez, Programme Officer

b Dr. Kwapong

WORLD HUNGER PROGRAMME Members of the Advisory Committee

Dr. Mushakoji

Dr. Marie-Therese Basse. Director, Institute of Food Tech­nology, Dakar, Senegal Dr. George H. Beaton. Professor and Chairman, Dept. of Nutrition and Food Science, UnlversitY of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Dr. Moises Behar, Chief, Nutrition Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland Dr. Stanislaw Berger, Professor and Director, Institute of Human Nutrition, Warsaw Agricultural UniversitY, Warsaw, Poland Dr. R. Alexander Buchanan, Australian Liaison Officer, ASEAN Food Handling Project, Australian High Commis­sion, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Dr. Sol H. Chafkin, Division of National Affairs and Social Development, The Ford Foundation, New York, USA Dr. Wenche Barth Eide, Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Dr. Mamdouh Gabr, Professor of Pediatrics, Mounira Hospi­tal; Cairo, Egypt Dr. Emmy Hook ham, Programme Specialist in Nutrition and Home Economics Education, UNESCO, Paris, France Dr. Mogens Jul, Professor of Food Preservation. Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark Dr. Darwin Karyadi, Director, Nutrition Research Develop­ment Center, Bogar, Indonesia Dr. Paul Lunven, Chief, Food and Nutrition Assessment Service, Food Policy and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy Dr. Jose Dutra de Oliveira, Professor, Dept. of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil Dr. Ade Wale Omololu, Professor of Human Nutrition, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Dr. H.A.B Parpia, Senior Adviser, Research Development Center, Agricultural Department, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy

Natural Resources Programme Dr. Walther Mans hard, Vice-Rector for Programme (Use and Management of Natural Resources) Dr. Anton C.J. Burgers, Senior Programme Officer Dr. Walter Shearer, Programme Officer Mr. Lee H. MacDonald, Assistant Programme Officer

Academic Services Mr. Shigeo Minowa, Chief of Academic Services

Information Services Mr. R.A. Fleming, Director of Information

Administration and Common Services Mr. Douglas T. Manson, Director of Administration Dr. Zdenek Seiner, Legal Counsel

New York Liaison Office Mrs. Momoyo lse, Chief, Liaison Office, United Nations Head­quarters

Information Office for Europe Mr. C.T. lsolani, Representative, United Nations Information Centre, London

Dr. Marishard Dr. Scrimshaw

Dr. Frank C. Ramsey, Director, National Nutrition Center, Bridgetown, Barbados, WI Dr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw, UNU-WHP Senior Adviser, Head, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA Dr. Tokuji Watanabe, Professor, Department of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Roger G. Whitehead, Director, Dunn Nutritional Labo­ratory, University of Cambridge and Medical Research

Council, Cambridge, UK Co-ordinators

Dr. Guillermo Arroyave, UNU Resident Co-ordinator UNU­WHP Interregional Co-ordinator for Western Hemisphere, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala City Guatemala Dr. Rodolfo Fiorentino, UNU Resident Co-ordinator Nutri­tion Center of the Philippines (NCP}, Manila, Philippi~es Dr. Bance L. Amla, UNU Resident Co-ordinator Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFT RI),' Mysore, India Dr. Ricardo Uauy, UNU Resident Co-ordinator, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA}, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile Dr. E. M. Thain, UNU Resident Co-ordinator, Tropical Products Institute (TPI}, London, UK Dr. Miguel Layrisse, UNU Resident Co-ordinator Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas, Venezuela Dr. Barbara Underwood, UNU Resident Co-ordinator Programme Assistant to the Senior Adviser of the WHP, International Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Pro: gram (I FNP}, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cam­bridge, Massachusetts, USA Dr. Fred T. Sai, UNU-WHP Interregional Co-ordinator for Africa, Middle East and Europe_ Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legan, Ghana Dr. J. C. Dillon, Resident Co-ordinator, Centre for Research in Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

{/; ~CO-ORDINATORS r,..,_

PROGRAMME ON THE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Members of the Advisory Committee Dr. Gerardo Budowski, Head, Natural Renewable Resources Programme, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center. (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica Dr. James M. Harrison, Ottawa, Canada Dr. Jack D. Ives, Director. Institute of Arctic and Alpine Re­search, University of Colorado, Boulder, USA .. Dr. I. Kobori, Professor, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo,Japan Dr. Maurice Levy, Professor, Laboratory of Theoretical and High Energy Physics, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France Dr. Jack A. Mabbutt, Head, School of Geography, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia Dr. G. J. Afolabi Ojo, Dean of Administration, University of lfe, lle-lfe, Nigeria Dr. Sanga Sabhasri, Secretary-General, National Research Council of Thailand, Bangkok, Thailand Dr. Didin S. Sastrapradja, Deputy Chairman for Natural Science, Indonesian Institute of Sciences IL I Pl I, Jakarta, Indonesia Dr. Michael J. Wise, Professor, London School of Economics and Political Sciences, London, UK Dr. Gilbert White, former Director, Institute of Behavioural Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA

Co-ordinators Dr. Gerardo Budowski, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Agro-Forestry Systems, Head, Natural Renewable Re­sources Programme, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center (CATIE}, Turrialba, Costa Rica Dr. Jack D. Ives, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Highland-Lowland Interactive Systems, Director, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA . Dr. Maurice Levy, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Energy for Rural Communities, Laboratory of Theoretical and High Energy Physics, Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France Dr. Jack A. Mabbutt, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Assessment of the Application of Knowledge to Arid Lands Problems, School of Geography, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia Dr. G. J. Afolabi Ojo, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Rural Energy Systems, Dean of Administration, Univer­sity of lfe, lle-lfe, Nigeria

HUMAN AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PRO-GRAMME

Members of the Advisory Committee Dr. Mohammed S. E. Abulezz, President, Institute of Arab Research and Studies, Arab League Educational, Cultural and Scientific Organization.Garden City, Egypt Dr. Samir Amin, Director, African Institute for Economic Development and Planning, Dakar, Senegal Dr. Elise Boulding, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA Professos Janusz W. Golebiowski, Institute of Political Science, UniversitY of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland Dr. Manuel Perez Guerre"ro, State Minister in charge of Inter­national Economic Affairs, Caracas, Venezuela Dr. J. Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Upper Volta Dr. Rajni Kothari, President, Indian Council of Social Science Research, New Delhi, India Dr. Michio Nagai, Sophia University, Tokyo, Japan Dr. K. Soedjatmoko, National Development Planning Agen­cy, Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia Dr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen, El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico Dr. Alain Touraine, House of the Human Sciences, National Centre of Scientific Research, Paris, France Dr. Carl-Friedrich van Weizsacker, Director, Max Planck Institute, Starn berg, Federal Republic of Germany

Co-ordinators Dr. Anouar Abdel-Malek, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Socio-Cultural Comparative Evaluation of Devel­opment Alternatives in a Changing World, House of the Human Sciences, National Centre of Scientific Research, Paris, France Dr. Johan Galtung, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on

Goals, Processes, and Indicators of Development, UN IT AR office in Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Dr. Takeshi Hayashi, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Technology Transfer, Transformation and Development; The Japanese Experience, Research Planning and Co-ordina­tor Office, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, Japan Dr. Amilcar Herrera, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Research and Development Systems in Rural Settings, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK Mr. Chandra Soysa. Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Sharing of Traditional Technology, Marga Institute, Colombo.Sri Lanka

PROGRAMME INTERACTION

(From UNU Newsletter, Vol. 2, No. 4, June 1978)

Holism-the view that problems can only be understood as a complex of interacting causes and effects-has characterized the UNU's approach from the outset. Mal­nutrition, for example, is not only due to lack of food; indirectly, it also stems from faulty distribution systems, and is often due to lack of money to buy food. More­over, malnutrition itself can impair an individual's earn­ing capacity-thus perpetuating a vicious cycle.

Ways in which the three UNU programmes-in world hunger, human and social development, and the use and management of natural resources-could be more formal­ly organized to attack problems such as malnutrition 'holistically' were discussed in April in Tokyo at the first joint meeting between the programmes. Partici­pants from 22 countries included members of the Pro­gramme Advisory Committees, Project Co-ordinators, consultants, and University programme staff members.

"The feeling I have about this meeting is really one of great excitement," commented Dr. Guillermo Arroyave of Guatemala, a Regional Co-ordinator for the World Hunger Programme. "We are embarking on something here that is truly a novel, new approach." Dr. Johan Gal tung of Norway, who directs a Human and Social Development project, echoed these sentiments: "This meeting may prove to be an almost historic occasion-one that may, in fact, turn the slogan of 'holism' into a very viable reality."

The potential framework for interaction was dis­cussed, both at the conceptual and administrative level. The need for a "common vision of a desirable world" was stressed. It was emphasized, however, that such a vision should not be fixed or static-rather the values implied in the UNU's Charter should be interpreted in terms of a fast-changing world in which pluralism is inevitable.

Dr. Ponna Wignaraja of the UN Asian Development Institute in Bangkok remarked: "We are looking really at the world that may be around the corner-dealing with a revolution in the minds of men. This instrumentality is the only one we have if we are not going to fight ... a bloody revolution. New social forces are calling for change, and the UNU has a unique opportunity to re­spond."

Suggestions were made by the participants for possi­ble new administrative structures to encourage pro­gramme interaction. However, the consensus was that any major restructuring might be premature at the present stage of programme development; more specifi­cally, it might turn out to be simply an administrative solution to what is really a much larger, more complex intellectual problem of achieving true multidiscipli­narity. The necessary willingness to interact, evident from all the disciplines represented at the conference table, was of first importance.

"To be frank, many of us have achieved reputations in our respective fields because we were specialists in some particular area," noted Dr. Gerardo Budowski of Costa Rica, a Project Co-ordinator for the Natural Re­sources programme. "To use words such as 'holistic' or 'interrelation' demands a. considerable effort to remove

some of our built-in, subconscious mental blocks. Nevertheless, we have to do it."

Following three days of discussion, three proposed areas of programme interaction were presented:

I. EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT: All three pro­grammes will co-operate in this venture ... Its aim is to develop better integration, dissemination and application of knowledge about development. Education is viewed as a "two-way street," one which analyses and channels useful information to where it is needed, while, at the same time, feeding back reactions from those who receive it.

II. GOALS AND INDICATORS FOR FOOD AND NUTRITION POLICY PLANNING (World Hunger; Human and Social Development): This project seeks to bring social scientists into an area which has largely been the domain of food scientists, agriculturalists and nutritionists-the planning of policies designed to alleviate hunger and reduce malnutrition. As a first step, a multidisciplinary technical workshop is planned to study social and economic relationships inherent in such policy planning.

Ill. BIOCONVERSION OF ORGANIC RESIDUES FOR RURAL COMMUNITIES (World Hunger; Natural Resources): At the core of this joint effort is the "inte­grated vii I age" concept-developing non-conventional energy systems (solar, biogas, and wind) to fit both the life of the individual and the life of the community. One process being studied is the "bioregenerative farm," which recycles waste materials through a series of steps to produce both energy and animal feed, the latter of obvious interest to the world hunger work.

Discussion of this project led social scientists present to stress the importance of the social and cultural implications. They noted that care must be taken to insure that the effort does not appear to be merely a means of introducing low quality foodstuffs into rural communities, thereby freeing higher quality goods for export or upperclass diets. The need to understand village sensitivities was underscored by Chandra Soysa of the Marga Institute, Sri Lanka, which co-ordinates a UNU project on traditional technology, in his observa­tions on the failure of a water pipe system that had been introduced by outside experts: "The water piped into the village-chlorinated, clean and tasting differently­was not acceptable to the local people. For them, water does not mean something in a pipe. Water means a place where the whole community meets- they wash their clothes. they meet girls, they fall in love-it's part of the whole social fabric."

A similar viewpoint was expressed by Dr. G.J. Afolabi Oja of Nigeria, a Natural Resources Project Co-ordinator, when he told participants: "We are dealing with man as an entity-as an individual and as a member of a group. Whether you look at him either as an individual or as a group member, one must think of him as a rather complex and complicated entity-no'. something simple for which you have devised simple values."

Dr. James M. Hester, Rector of the University, summed up the significance of the joint programme meeting as follows: "It was the recognition that prob-

lems of human survival, development, and welfare are all of one piece that led to the creation of the United Nations University in the first place. We have passed

a significant milestone here. With this meeting, the University is taking its most important step thus far in unifying research efforts on serious world problems .... "

CHARTER OBJECTIVES

WORLD HUNGER

Increased Food Avail­ability and Incentives to Production

Improved Food Distribution and Family Consumption

Food and Nutrition Aspects in National Development Planning

Post-Harvest Food Conser­vation

Human Nutritional Requirements

Agriculture, Food and Nu­trition In­terfaces

USE AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES

Ecology (Critical Zones)

Assessment of Application of Knowledge to Arid Lands Problems

Rural Energy Systems

Agro-Forestry Systems

Water-Land Interactive Systems

Highland-Lowland Interactive Systems

l ::1J Cl) ,.,, 0 C .=; Cl)

(/) < ~ Cl)

3 ,.,,

j

Energy (for Rural Communities)

Ecological Basis of Rural Development in the Humid Tropics

Solar

Bioconversion

Geothermal

MC/jb

Dear Mr.. Amba.ssador i

I wiGh to ack:n.owledg:a your letter of 24 i:oven1b•a.r

1978 informing me tha.t the Gover:rui.1Emt of Japan has

deposited US $10,000,000 as its fifth contribution to

the En(iow:m.e:nt Pu:nd of the United Nation~:; University

on 24 November. I would like to express my sincere thanks fer this

generous contribution as well as my warm appreciation

for the valuable support which Japan has given to the

United Nations University since its inception. It is

very much to be hoped that other Viember C-ovez:nment.s will

be correspond::i.ng-ly generous in their contributions to th.is

Pleai,Hi! accept,• Mr. Ambassador r the assurances of rr:.y

hi(;rhest consideration.

His Excellt'mcy 14.r ~ I sao l'ilie Permanent Representative of Jap.c1.n

to the Un.ited. Nations New York

Kurt Waldheim

Office of Public Information Press Section United Ncf~!ons, f--Jev:1 York

CT/421 UNU/52 28 November 1978

JAPAN MPJms FIFTH CON'rRIBUTION TO UNU ENDOWMENT FUND

(Received from Ul'ilU ~ Tokyo. )

The Governrr,_ent of Japan bas on Friday paid $10 million as its fifth contribution to the E;1dcn-TTi'.en-::. Fu:1d fc!'." the United Nations University~ bringing the Japanese co11:~ribution so far to $GS 80 rr:ill:!.orr-towards its pledge of $US 100 million.,

The Rector of the University observed that "Japan's support of mm during these formative years is cruicial to future success and is most deeply appreciatedn •

. . ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. .

For information media - not an official record

It R,.,

SC/78/323 PER"'IANEXT 1'11ss10N OF ,JAPAN

TO TIIE UNITED KATIONS

NEw YoRK

.. 24 November 1978

Excellency,

I have the honour to inform Your Excellency that on 24 November 1978 the Government of Japan deposited US $10 million as its fifth contribution to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University. Japan's total contributions to the Endowment Fund now amount to US $80 million. I believe that I need hardly recall that our contributions to the University are made on the understanding that there will be corresponding contributions from other Member Governments.

It would be appreciated if Your Excellency could kindly arrange for the issuance of a press release concerning the contribution from Japan mentioned above.

I avail myself of this opportunity to renew to Your Excellency the assurances of my highest conslderation.

' Isa o _A.::b:.:e~~T:"'!'::=:".::-::::;-;==------­Amba'ssadof""Extra ordinary

His Excellency Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary -General United Nations

and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations

'

MC/bg

,<. / - ,r; ~ cc : Mrs. I se ,-~ M Mrs. K.Connor

- cc: sG'> r,"\,.,---ic: Mission-for I ~ :transmi ttaJ:

-JSf : RA/ AR/F . G/ ~~ /MtpP /~-, ;<:r-{s ~: //,1,./ _F_ile..:. ___ UN_J'.J:o.~~~-- JLhtY , , /t~--

XRef: Trinidad 30 November 1978

Dear Mr. Prime Minister, I wish to acknowledge your letter of 13 October

1978 informing me that you will no longer be able to

serve with the United Na.tioris University Council ..

I fully appreciate the reasons for this decision

and accept your resignation from the Council with much

regret. :r would like to take this opportunity to tell

you how much I have valued your service with the Counci.l

and to el{press my warm thanks for your support for the

UN University and its goals. It is my sincere hope

that your interest in the deve•opment of the University

will continue and that it will have the benefit of

your wide experience and understanding in the years

ahead.

I know that I will be joined by the Members of

the Council ln extendin9 to you my sincere good wishes

for the future.

Yours sincerely,

Kurt Waldheim

His Excellency The Right Honourable Eric Williams Prime Minister of 'l~rinidad and Tobago Port of Spain

.. MC/jb cc: SG

30 November 1978

Dear r-tr. Ambassador,

The Secretary-General would be most grateful if

you would kindly transmit the enclosed letter to

His Exceller1cy The Right Honourable Eric Williams,

PrLme Minister of Trinidad and Tobago. A copy

of the letter is enclosed for your information.

Please accept, Mr. RJnbassador, the assurances of

my highest consideration.

His Excellency Mro Frank Owen Abdulah Permanent Representative of

Trinidad and Tobago to the United Nations

New York

Rafeeuddin Ah,.-rned Chef ae Cabinet

-

....... ti&.,. 'Be 'cl ·20-i, ~

~~-?('- /,.J

. ~

PRIME MINISTER

.. Pbrt,of Spain, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

[3 October, 1978 •

His Excellency Dr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary General of the United Nations.

Dear Secretary General,

For some time now I have been inclined to write to you to ask you to relieve me of the responsibilities of membership on the Council of the United Nations University. There has been a growing conflict between my official and University responsibilities in respect of the times of meetings and the place of meetings. After holding the matter in abeyance for some time to see whether some compromise formula could be worked out that would allow me to continue faithfully to fulfil my responsibilities to the University, I have, with regret, come to the conclusion that the divergent responsibilities cannot be reconciled and that the United Nations University can only continue to suffer from the absence of one of its members from meeting after meeting.

I therefore formally tender my resignation from the Council of the University, request you to convey my apologies to my colleagues on the Council, and thank you for the honour you conferred on me by appointing me and giving me the privilege of serving, unfortunately for only too brief a period, on what I have always considered a major UN initiative.

Yours sincerely,

Eric Williams

Ii&C/jb cc:

bf: File:

5037 XRef:

EOSG

MR. A."i\f.ADOU-MAHTAR MI BOW,- DIRECTOR-GENERI~L

UtIBSCO

WIT:H WA..tUi PERS01'7AL REGARDS,

SG cc: Mr. Cordovez Mr~ Ripert

AR/FM.G/JPB/Y.IKP /IL

UNESCO UNU

Press Release

urvu Office of Public Information Press SecUon United NaUons, Nev, York

CT/421 UNU/52 28 Nove~ber 1978

JAPAN MAKES FIFTH CONTRIBUTION TO UNU ENDOWMENT FUND

(Received from UNU~ Tokyo.)

The Government of Japan bas on Fric.ay paid $10 million as its fifth contribution to the E:ndovrr.f.en-::. Fu."ld fer the United Nations University~ bringing the Japanese con-~ribution so far to $~S 80 million-·towards its pledge of ,$US 100 million~

The Rector of the University observed that 11Japan's support of UNU duri~g these formative years is cruicial to ft~ure success and is most deeply appreciated11

•

For information media - not an official record

,:' 11

ROUTING SLIP FICHE DE TRANSMISSION

TO: t<\ I) • L A: I\\~, t:::..1~1"

FROM: q( ~ DE: - ~ ~ Room No. - No de bureau Extension - Poste I Date - r,-q \ ,, FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER

FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION

FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE

FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER?

YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE

NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION

COM.6 (2-78)

uNU

UNITED NATIONS Distr. LIMITED

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

A/C.2/33/L.45/Rev.l* 29 November 1978

Thirty-third session SECOND COMMITTEE Agenda item 66

UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

Argentina, Austria, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Ghana, Greece, Iceland, India, Japan, Jordan, Kenya, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Malaysia, Maldives, Nepal, Panama, Philippines, Sudan, Venezuela: revised

draft resolution

United Nations University

The General Assembly,

Recalling its resolutions 2951 (XXVII) of 11 December 1972, 3081 (XXVIII) of 6 December 1973, 3313 (XXIX) of 14 December 1974, 3439 (XXX) of 9 December 1975, 31/117 and 31/118 of 16 December 1976, and 32/54 of 8 December 1977,

RecalJ.ing also its resolutions 3201 (S-VI) and 3202 (S-VI) of 1 May 1974 containing the Declaration and the Programme of Action on the Establishment of a New International Economic Order, 3281 (XXIX) of 12 December 1974 containing the Charter of Economic Rights and Duties of States and 3362 (S-VII) of 16 September 1975 on development and international economic co-operation,

Having considered the report of the Council of the United Nations University on the work of the University y and the report of the Secretary-General, '?:_I

Noting decis5ons 5.2.3 of 19 October 1978 adopted by the Executive Board of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization at its one hundred and fifth session, in which the Board, inter alia, emphasized the need for further progress in the strengthening of co-operation between the United

* Reissued for technical reasons.

1/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-third Session, Supplement No. 31 (A/33/31).

'ij A/33/333 and A/33/333/Corr.l.

78-28044 / ...

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Nations University and the agencies of the United Nations system, affirmed its conviction that the development of the University required and deserved greater financial support and ~eiterated its appeal to Member States to contribute generously to the University Endowment Fund and, additionally or alternatively to make special contributions for research and training activities,

1. Notes with satisfaction the fact that the programme activities of the United Nations University are making steady progress in three priority programme areas - world hunger, human and social developruent and use and management of natural resources - and expresses its confidence that the University will continue its intensified efforts for the early achievement of the results that will represent substantial contributions to the solution of the pressing problems of global concern;

2. Recognizes that the major activities of the University are concerned with problems and institutions in developing countries and encourages continuation of that emphasis;

3. Encourages the United Nations University to continue to concern itself with various activities taking place in the United Nations system, thereby further developing its co-operative and co-ordinated relationships with relevant agencies and bodies of the system and orienting its programme activities in the direction of the urgent concerns of Member States;

4. Notes that fund-raising results have not proved adequate to sustain the University's programmes and requests the Secretary-General and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, in consultation with the Rector and the Council of the United Nations University, to study ways and means of promoting the awareness and understanding of the programmes and activities of the United Nations University with a view to establishing a more stable financial situation and thereby strengthening the University, and to report to the General Assembly at its thirty-fourth session;

5. Urges the Secretary-General and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as well as the Rector of the United Nations University to continue to intensify their efforts to obtain financial support for the University from all possible sources;

6. Appeals to all Member States to take cognizance of the achievements made by the University, particularly in relation to the developing countries, during its first three years and to make substantial contributions to its Endowment Fund and/or specific programmes of the University so that its work can go forward successfully.

..

UNITED NATIONS

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Thirty-third session SECOND COMMITTEE Agenda item 66

UNITED NATIONS lliHVERSITY

Distr. LIMITED

A/C.2/33/L.44 27 November 1978 ENGLISH ORIGINAL: SPANISH

Bangladesh, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cv~rus, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Liberia, Panama,

Venezuela: draft recolution

Establishment of the University for Peace

The General Assembly,

Noting that the President of the Republic of Costa Rica has submitted for the consideration of the General Assembly at its thirty-third session a proposal to establish a University for Peace, as a great specialized international centre for advanced studies within the system of the United Nations University, whose primary objective will be to educate for peace, to instil a consciousness of peace among men and to contribute to mutual understanding among men and stimulate their spirit of comprehension, tolerance and coexistence based on co-operation an1 justice, which are principles that are indispensable for the positive constructi Jn of peace and progress among all the peoples of the ,,mrld,

Bearinf in mind that the Government of Costa Rica not only has submitted preliminary studies and definite plans for the implementation of this project but has also offered the headquarters and the land for the campus of the University for Peace and has undertaken to dedicate every effort to finance it, with the help of Governments, foundations and non-profit institutions, both public and private, so that it will not be a financial burden for the United Nations,

Recalling that the fundamental purposes of the United Nations, as established in the preamble to and Article 1 of the Charter of the Organization, include the following:

"to practice tolerance and live together in peace 1,Jith one another as good neighbors 11

, "to unite our strength to maintain international peace and security1',

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A/C.2/33/L.44 hnglis11 Page 2

"tc tal<.:e effective coll;:,ctive :nea~,ures for the prevPntion ancl_ :rerr,ovaJ of threats !£._ C~l~_1l_:-8.Ce 11

, 11to develop friendly relations ai.;one;- nc1,tions t,;serl on resr;ect for

the principle of ec_,_ual rich ts a;1d self-determination of pco:ples, .s.nd to take other appropriate measures to strenp.:then universal pe2ce;1

, and ato achiPve ir.ternational cooperation in solving international problerJs of en economic, social, cultural or r..umanitarian character, and in promoting and encourar::ir.0 rpspect for h~an rights and. for f1.mc1a.nental freedoms for all wi thcut distinction ns to rac<::, SPX, langm:1.r:e, or relip:ion;1

, y

Beinv of the view that the principal causes of conflicts th2t threaten international peace and security include the lack of educational s;,,cster,:s that educate man with regard to peace, and the lack of mutm'-1 l:novled[!e, co1'l.rrnmication and an atmosJ,here and spirit of tolerance, co-operc1.tion and coexistence amonr men,

Recognizinr: the urgent need to cultivate the idea of p<?acP in the minds of men as an essential condition for the establisQment of a permanent and lasting pe2ce among peoples,

Appreciating that, altr,ouc;h there is a United Nations University whose task is to promote the fulfilment of the purposes and principles of the Organization, it lacks in practice an institution for advanced studies specializing in the building of peace throueh education 8nd coexistence as its basic oojective,

Considerinr: that General Assembly resolution 2951 (XXVII), uhich established the United Nations University, provided expressly for the establishment of a 71 decentralized system of affiliated institutions, integrated into the uorld university community, devoted to action-oriented research into the pressing ~lobal problems cf human survival, development and welfare that are the concern of' the United Nations and its agencies, and to the post-gn1duate training of youn13 scholars and research workers for the benefit of the world con:mmnity 11

,

Also considering that the Charter of the United nations University, cipproved by Assembly resolution 3081 (XXVIII), re::--,ffirrns the e_bove-mentioned aims,

Considering also that the Repuolic of Costa :Rica, by reason of its feographical situation and climate~ its traditional politic2J_ and social stabilit::,r and its devotion to disarmament, peace, human rights anci internation2.l law offers 8..11

appropriate environment for the proposed University for Peace,

Decides:

(a) To thc1nk the Government of Costa Tiica for the subflission of its project and its offer to the world community;

(b) To request the Secretary-General to transmit the projPct regardinr: the esta.blishment of the University for Peace to the Economic and Social Council, to the

1/ The u~derlining does not appear in the Charter.

/ ...

,v ' ..

A/Ca2/33/1.44 Enr·lish Pqge 3

United Fat ions Eciucational, Scientific and Cultura,l Or0rmiz2tion, to thP Council of the United :::ations University and to any other 2.gencies he may ,j_,:c-!"m aprropriate, so that the;/ may study it ar.cl report to the Gener-al Assembly 2.t its thirty-fourth session;

( c) To request the Secretary-GenerHl to subrrJ.it a report on the same item, ng into account the conclusions of the scclies referrect to in tLe preceding graphs;

(d) To include the item on thP establishment of th 0 University for Peace in the aGenda of the thirty-fourth session, in order that a a_eci sion me.y be taken on it;

( e) To ure:e 1-'iernber States and observers, the agencies of the United Nations system, non-governmental organizations and peuce-lovin;- people and institutions to support the University for Peace project and to help to make it a reality.

UNITED NATIONS

INTEROFFiCE MEMORANDUM

TO: Le Secretaire general A:

THROUGH: 5/C OE:

FROM: DE:

SUBJECT: OBJET:

' Jean Ripert, Secretaire general adjoint \(~-,,,.,-aux affaires economiques et sociales internationales \ . ··--

Universite des Nations Unies

1. Cette note a pour objet de vous rendre cornpte d•entretiens recents que j 1 ai eus, a Paris, avec M. M1 Bow, Directeur general de !•UNESCO, et M. Najman, au sujet de l'Universite des Nations Unies, ainsi que de quelques developpementssubsequents.

2. Jtai expose, en premier lieu, a M. M•Bow les raisons pour lesquelles il vous apparaissait difficile de proceder sans delais, comme vous en aviez initialernent convenu avec lui, a la desig~a­tion de M. Narasimhan conune remplacement de M. P.N. Dhar au Conseil-de l'Universite des Nations Unies. Je 1rai informe des dtfu'narches faites aupres de vous par le Ministre des affaires etrangeres de l'Inde et lui ai fait part de ltintention du Gouvernement indien de faire une demarche analogue aupres · de lui par ltintermediaire de sa representation a Paris.

Je lui ai indique, ace sujet, la raison mise en avant par le Gouvernement indien, a savoir que la communaute scientifique de son pays ne reconnaissait pas c.v. Narasimhan comme ltun des siens. Jtai indique a M. M'Bow que nous partagions son point de vue suivant lequel la responsabilite de la designation etait entierement dans les mains du Secretaire general et du Directeur general de !•UNESCO mais que, selon les principes habituellement suivis aux Nations Unies, il etait considere delicat de proceder a une telle designation lorsque celle-ci se heurtait a ltopposition manifeste du gouvernement concerne.

M. M1 Bow m1 a rappele les raisons pour lesquelles il pensait que le choix de M. c.v. Narasimhan etait justifie: celui-ci a ete, des l•origine, associe aux discussions et negociations qui ont donne naissance a l'Universite ainsi quta 11evolution des conceptions initiales sur les missions de celle-ci;

UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES

c.v. Narasimhan a participe par la suite activement aux delibera­tions du conseil comme votre representant. Il semble a M. M•Bow que le Secretariat des Nations Unies aussi bien que 1 1 UNESCO ne pourraient que tirer avantage du maintien de sa presence.

Compte tenu des indications que je lui ai donnees, M. M' Bow a convenu qutil etait preferable de ne pas precipiter les d~arches en vue de la designation du successeur de M. Dhar et, en particulier, de ne pas consulter formellement le Conseil­de l•Universite des sa prochaine reunion, au debut du mois de decembre prochain, mais plutet de laisser un peu de temps passer.

Depuis cet entretien, j'ai ete informe par M. Najman que le Directeur de 1 1 UNESCO a vu, il ya quelques jours, c.v. Narasimhan et lui a fait part de cette position diattente. Il m•a ete indique que c.v. Narasimhan en comprenait la sagesse.

Dans ces conditions, sauf instructions contraires de votre part, je veillerai a ce·qu•aucune discussion prematuree n•intervienne au sein du Conseil lors de la session de decembre.

3. Mes entretiens·avec M. Najman ont porte par ailleurs sur les soucis graves que nous cree la crise financiere permanente de l'Universite. M. Najman m•a informe d 1 une suggestion, dont il avait deja fait part a G. Davidson: celle-ci consisterait a soumettre a l•Assemblee generale une resolution qui, au-dela des recommandations traditionnelles en vue de la recherche active des concours financiers necessaires et d•un appel aux pays donateurs, proposerait de vous demander ainsi qu•au Directeur general de ltUNESCO d 1 engager une etude ayant pour but de reevaluer les orientations du programme de l'Universite de fa~on a assurer leur bonne adequation avec les besoins des Etats Membres et a faciliter 1 1 obtention d 1 un soutien financier regulier.

Ayant verifie aupres de G. Davidson que celui-ci pensait qu 1 il pourra!t s 1 agir la dtune initiative utile, jlai pris, d 1 accord avec lui, contact avec les representants de la Mission permanente du Japan afin de conna!tre leurs vues ace sujet. J 1 ai constate qu 1 ils souhaitaient egalement qu 1 une telle etude ait lieu et qu1 ils avaient deja prepare un projet de resolution dans ce sens.

.,.

UNITED NATIONS NATIONS UNIES

- 3 -

Nous avons discute ensemble du contenu possible d•un tel projet de resolution et d•accord avec M. Najman que j 1 avais consulte par telephone, j 1 ai presente certaines suggestions pour ce projet de resolution. Les demarches sont en cours en vue de mettre au point un tel projet et de recueillir 1 1 accord des co-auteurs: je vous communiquerai le texte mis au point des que les contacts necessaires auront eu lieu.

4. Je crois pour ma part cette suggestion opportune, meme si je ne sous-estime pas !•existence de certaines arriere-pensees possibles de la part de l'UNESCO dans cette affaire. Je suis encore trap ignorant des realites de 1 1 Universite pour formuler un avis de substance sur la voie dans laquelle il faudrait rechercher une meilleure solution que celle que nous avons aujourd1 hui rnais jtescornpte que ma participation au prochain conseil de l•Universite me permettra de rnieux apprecier le probleme. Jene manquerai pas, a rnon retour de Tokyo, de vous rendre compte de l•etat d•avancement de mes reflexions afin de pouvoir recevoir vos directives.

NOTE FOR THE FILE

AR/JEB /

b/f:~ cc: Mr. Ripert

File: UNU -=-=

During his meeting with the Secretary-General on

17 November 1978, Mr. s. Kundu, Minister of State, Ministry

of Foreign Affairs of India, mentioned that his Government had put forward the names of two candidates, Mr. Mishra and

Mr. Raj, for the succession of Mr. Dhar as a member of the

United Nations university Council. Both candidates are highly qualified and Mr. Raj has already had some United

Nations experience. Since it was in the interest of the Indian Government to have as many people as possibleexposed

to the work of the United Nations, it would be preferable

if Mr. Mishra could be appointed to the UNU Council.

A. 21

Rohan, /J11 Nove~//1~8

I

SQNFIDENTDJe

Note for the File

Vl\JV

I received a telephone cell from Mr. Najman, Assistant Director-General of UNESCO, on lO October 1978 enquiring whether the Secretary-General would be agreeable to the appointment of Mr. c. v. Narasimhan as a member of the United Nations Univeesity Council to fill the seat being vacated by Mro P.N .. Dhar. tJ.'he Director-General of UNESCO, Mr. M'Bow,, intended to put forward this proposal for the Secretary­General's consideration if the answer was favourableo I told Mr. Najman that Mr. Narasimhan had raised this question with the Secretary-General, who had informed him this would be acceptable.

on 11 October, the Secretary-General told me about his conversation with the Foreign Minister of India, and I tried to reach Mr. Najman immediately. I could only speak to him the following day in Geneva. When told of the Indien Foreign .Minister's insistence on having somebody other than Mr. Narasimhan en the United Nations University Council, Mr. Najman stated that he would explain the situation to the Director-General of UNESCO and, if in the meantime we were to receive the proposal regarding Mr. Narasimhan, I should disregard it. I informed Mr .. Narasimhan about this development when he oalled me a few days later on another matter.

Mr. Najman talked to me on 30 October to state that his Di.rector-General was insisting on keeping Mr. :Narasimhan's nomination because he felt that this was not a matter for consultation with Governments but rather was up to him and the Secretary-General to agree on and thereafter to consult the members of the Councilo I explained that we had not engaged in any consultation with the Government of India. The Foreign Minister himself had raised this matter, and the Permanent Representative had later clarified that they wished to have an Indian on the Board who actually was resident in the country .. Mr. Najman also spoke to the Secretary-General on 30 OCtober and suggested that the Secretary-General might inform the Indian Ambassador of the position taken by Mr. M1 Bow. The Secretary-General met the Indian AIP.bassador at the Turkish reception that day and informed him of ·the conversation with Mr. Najman.

On 30 October. the Indian Ambassador had given a farewell reception for Mr. Narasimhan where the latter spoke at length to the secretary-General on this matter. He proposed that the Secretary-General and Mr .. M'Bow should submit to the members of the council his name along with the name that might be put forward by the Government of India.. He wa.s confident that the members of the Council would overwhelmingly support his candidature. The Secretary-General did not make any commiment.

Rafeeuddin Ahmed 31 October 1978

13/10/1978

CONFIDENTIAL

Note for the file

United Nations University - Indian candidate for the Board

During his meeting with the Secretary-General on 10 October Foreign Minister Vajpayee of India expressed his Government's interest in having an··Indian national

on the Board of UNU as a replacement of Mr. Dhar, who is taking up his new position in the Secretariat. Ambassador Jaipal added that Mr. Dhar technically still

was a board member, but that his Government would in

the near future submit names for the Secretary-General's

consideration.

united nations educational, scientific and cultural organization

organisation des nations unies pour !'education, la science et la culture

~ ,!2lt~L 1h c::L--v,'t-~-£(

Confidential

12 October 1978

Sir,

I have the honour to transmit the following message

addressed to you today by the Director-General of UI'JESCO

11 FOLLOWING APPOINTMENT OF P.N. DHAR AS ASSISTANT SECRETARY­GENERAL, EYE PRESUME HE WILL RESIGN HIS ME?,IBERSHIP OF

A;J-, --r;y;;

UNU crn.mc IL. REGARDING HIS REPLACEMENT' IN VIEW OF EXCELLE:~T SERVICE RENDERED BY C.V. NARASIMHAN AS YOUR REPRESENTATIVE ON UNU COUNCIL I WOULD LIKE, IF YOU AGREE, TO PUT HIS NAME FORWARD FOR USUAL CONSULTATIONS, 11

AMADOU-iWiTAR M'BOW (6420/12)

Accept, Sir, the assurances of my highest consideration.

His Excellency Mr. Kurt WALDHEDI Secretary-General United Nations New York N.Y. 10017

UNITED NATIONS BUILDING, ROOM 2401, NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017

1litL~ Peter Landelius Acting Director

Office for Liaison with the United Nations

Phone 754-5995 • Cables: UNESCORG NEWYORK

R·EFERENCE:

UNITED NATIONS {9) NATIONS ~

POSTAL ADDRESS-t\ORESSE POSTALE UNITED NATIONS. N.Y. 10017

CABLE ADDRESS-ADRESSE TELEGRAPHIQUE· UNATIONS NEWYORK

13 October 1978

Dear 1-1:r. Waldheim,

IIaving been appointed Assistant Secretary-General for

Development Research and Policy Analysis at United nations

Headquarters, it is onlY. proper that I should cease to be a member

of the United Nations University Council. I am therefore writing

to you to tender m:y resignation.

I would like to take this opportunity to thank you most

sincerely for the opportunity you gave me to take a hand in the

affairs of the United Nations University anc!_ assure you that I

will continue to take a great interest in its work.

c<lr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General United Nations I-Jew York

Yours sincerely,

Prithvi Nath Dhar Assistant Secretar"J-General

for Vevelopment Research and Policy .l'uialys1s

~ ;~- ~- p:. I ';_~,

UNITED NATIONS

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Thirty-third session Agenda item 66

UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

Report of the Secretary-General

Corrigendum

Annex. page 2, fourth column (Amount contributed)

The total should read 78 395 894

78-24714

Distr. GENERAL

A/33/333/Corr.l 6 November 1978

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

UNITED NATIONS

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

Thirty-third session Agenda item 66

UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

Report of the Secretary-General

Distr. GENERAL

A/33/333 25 October 1978

ORIGINAL: ENGLISH

1. In resolution 32/54 of 8 Dece~ber 1977, the General Assembly, inter alia, appealed to all Member States to make substantial contributions to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University and/or to give financial and ~ther support to specific programmes of the University. The Assembly also requested the Secretary-General, in consultation with the Rector of the United Nations University, the Council of the University and the Director-General of the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, to explore more effective means of raising funds and to submit a report to the Assembly at its thirty-third session on the progress achieved in this regard.

2. The following report is submitted in accordance with the resolution mentioned above.

3, When the General Assembly created the United Nations University in 1973, it too,k a bold and iNaginative step in institution building. It created a new kind of academic institution to enable scholars in both developed and developing countries to undertake research on a world-wide basis while continuing to play a role in national research and training activities.

4. In discussing fund-raising activities it is essential to examine the objectives of the United Nations University. In this connexion, the particular contributions of the University can be summarized as follows:

(a) To take a comprehensive approach; the contribution of the world-wide network of scholars and institutions which the United Nations University is creating helps to integrate perspective not only from many different disciplines but also from different social, economic and cultural systems;

(b) To recognize the special value of indigenous scholarship - the contributions of scholars with knowledge of regional, national and/or local situations; by reducing their isolatio~ and supporting their efforts, in other ways, the United Nations University helps build institutions and the capability to ,identify relevant and effective solutions to local problems;

78-23541 I ...

A/33/333 English Page 2

(c) To maximize the use of existing knowledge by organizine; programmes of information exchange in published form, through interdisciplinary workshop and fellowship programmes; too often it is assumed that knowledge flows naturally to where it is most needed - the opposite is often the case and valuable knowledge lies unused behind dams of inefficiency and isolation;

(d) To avoid unnecessary duplication of scarce research resources as well as to strengthen research efforts taking place in differe~t parts of the world, by planning and co-ordinating research on a world-wide basis.

5. The creation of associations between the United Nations University and research and training institutions throughout the ,mrld aims at strengthening scientific and technical capabilities suited to national and regional needs and trains young scholars without causing braindrain.

6. During the past year, the United Nations University has made substantial progress towards completion of the followine; tasks which it began three years ago:

(a) The establishment of its headquarters; the headquarters is currently staffed with approximately 80 persons engaged in planning and co-ordinating the University's programme activities;

(b) The establishment of t~ree programmes conducting world-wide research and training concerning world h1mger, human and social development and use and management of natural resources;

(c) The formal linking of 18 associated institutions, 50 research units and numerous individual scholars and researchers in the United Nations University's networks, providing links with some 60 countries;

(d) The advanced training of 50 United Nations University fellows from 23 countries in Asia, Africa, the Middle East and Latin America.

7. In the past three years, fund-raising has been giYen a high priority in the activities of the United Nations University:

(a) Members of the Council of the United Nations University have drawn the attention of Governments to the progress of the University and its need for contributions to its Endowment Fund;

(b) The Rector and Vice-Rectors of the United Nations University and other senior staff have met with Governments and with the academic and scientific communities to explain in detail the scope and progress of the programmes and their relationship to national and international research activities;

(c) The United Nations University has organized 12 consultative meetings, of which eight were held in 1976-1977 and four in 1978. The purpose of these meetings, which are organized by appropriate institutions in host countries, is to inform leaders of government, academic and institutional communities on the role and programmes of the United Nations University and to receive suggestions for the work.of the University. These are regional meetings and therefore a wide range of countries has been represented at them;

A/33/333 English Page 3

(d) The United J.'Jations University is intensifying its efforts to gain the 1mderstanding and support of non-governmental organizations, incluaing foundations.

8. A potentially important development in connexion with fund-raising was the decision of the United Nations University Council at its ninth session, held in Tokyo from 5 to 9 December 1977, to establish a section in the United Nations University Endowment Fund for the purpose of financing the University 1 s program.mes designed to assist developing countries. The intention of this provision is to make possible contributions from national funds designated for development worko

9. In the current year the United Nations University has a budget of $US 9.1 million from the interest on an Endowment Fund of just over $US 73 million and from operating contributions. In its early years, the University has had to meet the challenge of providing the maximum possible f1mds to the programme activities while establishine; a sound headquarters structure. In the current year, only the third year of operations, 71 per cent of the budget will go to programme activities. Nevertheless, these funds are now inadequate for the development and expansion of the University's programmes. For these, over a period, an income averaging at least $US 30 million will be required. Further, the University envisages that 88 per cent of this income would be spent on programme activities.

10. To secure an income of this size the Endowment Fund of the United nations -. University should be of the order of $US 500 million against -~US 126 million already pledged by 20 Governments, of which Japan alone has pledged $US 100 million. A table presenting the pledges and contributions from Governments as at 15 October 1978 appears in the annex to the present report.

11. The Council of the United Nations University, in its annual report, y expressed deep concern about the University's financial position and emphasized that the University's full potential could not be realized under present financial circumstances.

12. In 1978, the Secretary-General has appealed in writing to many Member States for contributions to the University Endowment Fund and has met with representatives of a number of potential donor countries. The response to these appeals has been varied. Further efforts to raise the needed funds to ensure the future viability of the United Nations University are therefore required.

1/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-third Session, Supplement No. 31 (A/33/31).

I ...

Governments

Austria

Cyprus

Ghana

Greece

Holy See

India

Japan

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya

Malaysia

ANNEX

Summary of pledges and contributions to the Endowment Fund and operating funds a/ of the United Nations University

as at 15 October 1978

PLEDGED CONTRIBUTED

Amount b/ Amount b/ (in $US) Date (in $US) Date

238 800 14 June 1976 238 800 7 January 1977 61 600 19 October 1977 34 500 21 September 1978

1 291 30 March 1972 1 291 5 June 1978

14 750 28 May 1975 14 790 20 November 1975

2 500 000 26 May 1976 500 000 17 December 1976 14 790 21 June 1977

500 000 5 December 1977

20 000 21 January 1976 20 000 28 December 1977 25 000 5 July 1978

50 000 28 February 1977

750 000 1 February 1977 75 000 5 May 1977

100 000 000 25 September 1973 20 000 000 20 January 1975 20 000 000 22 January 1976 20 000 000 4 February 1977 10 000 000 31 January 1978

50 000 26 April 1976 50 000 28 December 1976

50 000 20 January 1977 50 000 16 February 1977

50 000 22 August 1977 25 000 28 September 1978

10 000 15 July 1978

Remarks

1 million Austrian schillings pledged annually after initial contributions

pledged over 5 years

pledged over 5 years

pledged over 5 years provided that contributions from other Member States are forthcoming

Governments

Netherlands

Norvay

Philippines

Saudi Arabia

Senegal

Sudan

Sveden

t Switzerland

Tunisia

Venezuela

Zaire

TOTAL

Amotmt 'E.f (in $US)

100 000

189 251

194 780

50 000

5 000 000

l 000 000

5 000 000

208 877

182 796

10 000

10 000 000

126 523 521 £1

PLEDGED

Date

24 Ma.y 1976

28 March 1977

26 January 1978

7 June 1978

9 March 1977

11 August 1977

9 December 1976

5 September 1977

3 February 1978

11 November 1977

18 August 1975

Amount b/ (in $US)

100 000 100 000

180 018

189 251

194 780

5 000 5 000

l 070 000

22 087

24 006 226 193

231 215

208 877

53 763

5 183

2 000 000 2 000 000

100 000

CONTRIBUTED

Date

8 July 1976 12 July 1977

1 April 1976

9 May 1977

8 February 1978

19 April 1978 18 September 1978

15 December 1977

January 1975

29 June 1978 21 September 1978

19 August 1975

10 November 1977

7 March 1978

14 September 1978

29 January 1976 6 September 1977

6 July 1977

Remarks

pledged annually :for a fev years

pledged over 5 years

pledged over 5 years

pledged over 4 years

pledged over 5 years

I!:/ Includes funds for programme activities. R 1~':> \-;1::,\ /Coirt- \ ~ b NO\[ , b/ Where amotmts were pledged and/or paid in national currencies oth4r than.UnitedJstates dollars,

using the exchange rate in effect at the time of the pledge payment. a conversion was made

c/ This total includes contributions received without a prior pledge; for details in individual cases see the "Amo~t paid" column. ·

;;l'E,~.C: oq ::s oq l,J

CD CD 1-'W >< ...... ..._ I\) "' l,J ::r l,J

l,J

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Thank you fer tbe inf'omat.ion co:tttain&l in your l~t:tsr of 29 BS11tc"!llbi?r ~n ~echu.•<Fs t~r f'ill:ing vru:anci,m, on tl1e Co-:.meil of the Unit,md N11tions University~ I slw.11 do everytrcJ.n.~ r.c5$!ble on !\l)I' pmrt to !'?..eil.itat'i.l' t~e t:l!lrl;r :app(,int.merat of a i:mitabl~ pa-sen to till t.he ncanay lett by Mr.. D'"~ 9 u reeign.ta.tion from tlltt C~,ieil ..

Arra11~enents are :p~stitntly b:!l'ing made tor cen!.lru.ltat.io$ bet1oteen the­Uuite.,1 Nr.ttiomi ruld UJESOO on tMG r,mtte?'. I should. like also t-.o ,·Useus0 f'U:rtl1er ,ri.th you tho procedttt"i@g end the- criterit!l. for ar.p..">intff}.ont of" t?.embe~~ prior to cons'!:!l.:ta:td.ons vit.b the eouneil at its t'e-rthcoming aesaion ..

rJJr. J'~s ltaGter,. i'eetCl!r United liations ItniVel"·1dty 29th. Floor, Toho Se~ei :B-,.1.ilding 15-1~ Shi.buyt\ 2.....,~e~ Shibuya-ku ~olcy'o" 150, JiJ?Ar£

Mr • Rohan v' Mra. Ise

Jean ?.ip~rt tfm!:er-Seer~-Gt!n~ral. :for

Intl)l"m\tit,:,Ml l:eo-now.ie and Social Affair~

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KC/AR/MC/jh - :.::1: SG ~: RA/AR MG/7;[~/IL -~=,,,WU--=,,,_ ~ tC\ 'Z../ XREf: UNESC . I XRef: Personnel 1B'

cc: Dr. Hester Mr. Ripert UNU Liaison

{J.,jv_ UNESCO Liaison

!_¼~I\ l\l .. ~ \

19 October 1978

My dear colleague,

Thank you for your recent letter concerning , the United Nations University and for your kind words of appreciation for Mr. c. v. Narasimhan. I should like to take this opportunity to inform you that I have asked Mr. Jean Ripert, Under­secretary-General for International Economic and Social Affairs, to.succeed Mr. Narasimhan as my representative on the United-Nations University Council.

Your suggestion regarding matters to be taken up jointly at the next Council meeting have been brought to Mr. Ripert•s attention; and I have suggested that he make arrangemen~s to consult with you, or whomever you designate, on these as well as other matters relating to the university·.

With kind regards,

Yours sincerely,

Mr • .Amadou-Mahtar M•:eow Director-General

tcurt Waldheim

United Nations Educational, Scientific and cultural Organization · .. ' .

Paris

! . ·.··

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· r {' "~Y /(L~t-V '"7 vN UCO W on r~ µ ~ dfitff"~f~ 1- illf UNV11~ £1

united nations educational, scientific and cultural organi:iat@n' :3J organisation des nations unies pour l'education, la science et la culture

1 0

7, place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris

The Director-General

reference : D G / l • ? / B l g

Dear Mr. Waldheim,

·1n.~:~. ,:~1& ~

On his return from the Tenth Session of the United Nations University Council, my representative, Mr. Tanguiane, informed me that Mr. Narasimhan is about to retire from service with the United Nations.

I wish to take th~s 6pportuhity to express my sincere appreciation for the friendly co-operati~n which I have always enjoyed from him. , , ·

From Mr. Tanguiane's report on the work of the session, it seems to me that the Council has, on the whole, shown a highly commendable sense of responsibility jn its efforts to carry out the provisions of the Charter of the University. I have noted, however, a number of points arising from the agenda which, I think, we should take up jointly, such as matters concerning. the concept of the University; policies, guidelines, regulations and other decisions regarding the·structures of the University; publication policies; draft programme and budget and rules of procedures of the University. I should be grateful therefore if you would give appropriate instructions to your representatives at the n~xt session of the Council, as I shall to mine . . ~

At its forthcoming 105th session (September-October 1978), the Executive Board will be discussing the Ann~al Report of the U r I U C o u n c i l . - I s h a l l no t fa i l to k e e p yo u i n f o rm e d o f i t s reactions.

With kind regards,

!

Mr. Kurt ~Jaldheim ··:·.:

7--__" -•-·. .-. Secretary-Gener al

._··.,"jf>':~ --~~ ... -United Nations -·•· . -: . __ . . _"' New Y o r k , N . Y . l O O l 7

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'tours sincer.ely, I \

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Amadou-Mahtar~M'Bow -, , . ...

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PRIME MINISTER

Port of Spain, TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

[3 Octob~r, 1978.

His Excellency Dr. Kurt Waldheim, Secretary General of the United Nations.

Dear Secretary General,

For some time now I have been inclined to write to you to ask you to relieve me of the responsibilities of membership on the Council of the United Nations University. There has been~ growing conflict between my official and University reS"plonsibilities in respect of the times of meetings and the place of meetings. After holding the matter in abeyance for some time to see whether some compromise formula could be worked out that would allow me to continue faithfully to _fulfil my responsibilities to the University, I have, with regret, come to the conclusion that the divergent responsibilities cannot be reconciled and that the United Nations University can only continue to suffer from the absence of one of its members from meeting after meeting.

I therefore formally tender my resignation from the Council of the University, request you to convey my apologies to my colleagues on the Council, and thank you for the honour you conferred on me by appointing me and giving me the privilege of serving, unfortunately for only too brief a period, on what I have always considered a major UN initiative.

Yours sincerely,

Eric Williams .

I I

;.- ~·,

·' '

I

Mr A Rohan Deputy Executive Assistant to the Room 3802A United Nations New York NY 10017

UNITED KINGDOM MISSION

1 TO THE UNITED NATIONS _,, 845 THIRD AVENUE

NEW YORK, NI /4 Secretary-General ~~

4 October 1978

On 25 August the Minister of Overseas Development of the United Kingdom wrote to the Secretary-General in reply to his letter of 14 August. I understand that inadvertently your office was sent an unsigned photocopy of Mrs Hart's letter instead of the signed original. This is now enclosed and I apologise for our earlier error.

j,-~ -t,._j_~

J B Donnelly

From the Minister

MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT

ELAND HOUSE

STAG PLACE LONDON SWlE 5DH

Telephone 01-834 2377

25 August 1978

Thank you for your letter of 14 August, enclosing ihe copy of your letter to Dr Owen.

We have been considering our response to the University's appeal for financial support. Som~ very useful meetings have taken place between my professional advisers and the Vice-Rector and Programme

~Directors of the University, and my officers are in regular touch with Mr Isolani, the University's representative in London. We expect to be able to decide whether we should contribute to the University,:;:arid if so how, fairly soon. I am not without hope.

k k Lv\~~ ~

1ff'M ~eo ---41:::, ...

1~~ rt

Dr Kurt Waldheim

From the Minister

MINISTRY OF OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT

ELAND HOUSE

STAG PLACE LONDON SWlE 5DH.

Telephone 01-834 2377

25 August 1978

Thank you for your letter of 14 August, enclosing the copy of your letter to Dr Owen.

We have been considering our response to the University's appeal for financial support. Some very useful meetings have taken place between by professional advisers and the Vice-Rector and Programme Directors of the University, and my officers are in regular touch with Mr Isolani, the University's representative in London. We expect to be able to decide whether we should contribute to the University, and if so how, fairly soon. I am not without hope~

Dr Kurt Waldheim

,,, T

MC/jb cc: File: mm -

:Qeu F~$. Hart,

:t would like to d.raw t.Q your attention t.he let,t~r which I Sml~ t.o Oz-. ~ on l June 197! ooru-.:ernin.g th~ funding of the United Nationa;

••••• University, a copy of which is enelesed for your infomaeion ..

It ia my understanding that you will be personally involv~a in your aov~t's decision ® this matt~, and l win t.o take this opport.unity t:o Wlderline the gx-eat. import.ance I a:t.taeh to the appeal of t.hEz thirty .... seccm.d regular session of the General Atss~ly to all~~ States ttto ma~ substant.L~l contribut.ions to 'the bdo~t Pu..~ of the United Batiou Uni,.rersit:y. ti IJ1rtG Un!verGity is an und0rtald.ng of great. p.J:omiae in helping to wi~erstand anrJ find nlutio.ns for iilaftY of the most urgent problems facing the in~:national communit.y today, but it. eaiinot hope to af!t.ain its full potential without a sttbst.nnt:i.al inerf:aime in it.s basic resources ..

I very nmch hope that you Ga-.J'enmt~n:t \>ji.ll &fP-"~ to make an early an4 genvous ~ntribution to the: Bnd~Gnt Flmd ~f the United Mai:ions Univ~rsity.

With warm r~s,.

Her bcelle.ney The itt. Hon. Judit.;b Hart,. M.P. Minister of State for Ov-ers~as nwelopment tlnited lUntdam

. . . . .

. . . . .

EJ/pms

15 August 1978

The Secretary-General would be gTateful if you would

convey to The Right Honourable Mrs. Judith Hart, Minister

of State for Overseas Development, the enclosed letter •

A copy is attached for your information •

H.E. Sir James Murray .Ambassador Permanent Representative of the

United Kingdom to the United Nations Office at Geneva

37-39, rue de Vermont 1211 Ce:neva

Erik Jensen

. .,,"."' . .'

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\

f Your T:::-;cellenc1.1,

j'.\,s vou nay· be aware, ti1e t..:niteJ rtltion~ t.:'nivorsit:; is n:>t-: in its third ye:rr of OfP.I'ations. It has alrrody lau..11c:";cj ext ... "'"8nely useful ~~ of r0se:rrc.'1, advanced traini:1r;, a."lU disse:::..inaticn of kno.,•lec"~-:re of crcat ~tential valoo to the world, e..,;pccially t.'lc developing cou.'1.tries. It is helping to reverse t..rie brai.. "1 era.in bv str0.ncrt."1~"1i. '1q research and adva."'lce:i ~i."1g fc,cilities~ in de-1elopin']'-co~11tries. At the ~.le tirne, itn r,rasra...·T:1es are brin:dng t1n inc.rrose-J '.Y"£am.Jre of objectivity mrl dept.1. of cc!-lol~rs;hi.p to the intcr:natio:1c:.l effort b::) u.ricl.err::t..m.:1 cr'.C solve urgent htm¼"'1 p::-oblens.

The trniverr-.:itv i5 mt furvJed t.l-1roooh rc.-q---!.L,r hudqc-t n!)'?ro:;:--,riationn. It is i.'1.tcnde~ t'hat iti,; npP_...-.-,.tin()' e}~.nses sh::i-.u.d be r:.ct by inccr..Y.:! cerived frc:r.1 ~ ..... Ir.c.a,~-c,nt ~,m:1, 'lr.·:hich i:s a capit:11 fimtl. conrd.st.i.IY; of ~..rolu:1.t'lr:' CO!ltributfr~::m b•.r r~~~ Stater-:, whid1 lL.~ i'!"l")'ested un5cr the s-.;.vcr-1isioD of t.~c 'Ireasurer of the Cnit:£.<l i;ationc. '?he p:rocc.cis i.-rcni-c'?£= t..h~ t)rincit:el bu:1qet Sl..l'P'Xlrt fer the t-7:ib,-e.rsit:1. r, t;.;...,..'""C;-c>t o:-;..c, <'~'"":O r-1· 1 lie· :n l-,..,._· ""--="' s~ ~or -i-... ,,, .,...,....,,1N•""'.,.. ........ T? .. ,,..,A + ..... ,_.,.,, t..;U 11l_,.,,,J=. ~·-- -. · -'•• "'''-'-~ ,.,_~.z. t..;l..., .J. c.,..;..i .. ·;.. , ..... .:J...;,-....;:-.,.,..1.~:.J..~- - -...U..-...~, i,,.A.,J 4--.v

raise1, if pof'inilile, by 1981. So !ar, 9 c~c....-n:l"-:11~ h3."'.rG ple--l<Te::1 a total of !3-124. 25 :r!illic.,. .-a. r.tnbe..t"' of: G'OV'~nt..s have al.f'.o g.lvcn a.'1.'kl.'11 ccntriJ.:-:.ttion.s tD ncsi~t ia i.."litiatinrr the ud'...ivities o:: t.11e U1-;iversity, c"nd it is hop'.:d. t."1...:1.t they trd.ll r:'li!.~'l--.e ('>.n.:1c,:,,,,_"XU1t :oleclgE~s in ti,e- near ::uture.

<.;:he n::ir.1entu'l o~ t,c University' n }:ro.--;:.--csc: C:!.~'10t be sur:;t:1.i...,ci, notJ:"'e'°J"~.r ~ v:i t...,Out ~±~~:U1tiall;:1 inc:rc,JJ:1c..4. rc~u:-Cf?=1. It is for this roa130n that the G'me...."<'l.l A.<1SCT:1bl v at itcq ~L---tv­~--rl Reqular Sr.?snion appealed to all ~•e-;, .. bc:- Stat.cs "to r..ci':~ su.:x;ta,tial co.--itrililticr-.z: to t~ rrr1cwr,cnt :ru:1.:"! o:=- t.'sG Unite:::1 I~tions U.."1iversit?". I t.11crc:f.ore w:)·..tl..d ank. You= r:.~-:cclk_"1cy 1 ~ C'oVC!..rn.ient to qive urocnt ar.1 ~t'.1!"'.>:l.'ti.~8tic co:-isi.c~'tion to this a:;;,.'."P__al a..,a. ~::tl:e Z?.."1 ('.:.:trly iU-:<1 OCJ:1c:ro-,.m o::>ntrib;.1tio!l tQ the !::1--C.C\:l::'.C.nt Fund. o-= t"lc L'nite:.l ::Rtions Uaiver£:it:f s::> ~at the Univl"..rs.ity can effc.C"-...iv-ely fulfil the i?U1=ortant re-c.r:on~i­bilitie~ c."1tt:.wte:'!. to it by t.'·tn r',r....:.""lCL'cl l.:::scr..:.-:-:1:,.r.

Ple.:1Fe accnnt, Your r>:c.sllc.'1Cy, t.'1e as.r,,...tra.."102s of •'0t hi:;rh~t consid.cra:::ion.

£~:::=rct-~i:, c': ~ttit-.e ~c!'9 r~rcir-:-r: CJJ!·~ :-:-or1-n:1~Y.~:.ltt".t ?·.ffnL~ t.Jni~:-

>~--:_,;-: _;_· -~ NEWYORK { UN}_ 30 2352 ·.

,;'_ :\ mTP¥10~1~E~' fo_',, ,~ ·· ...... ·.··.··.· , : .. • ·"··-· -i. ;•-- _ HER EXCELLENi.. Y ~·-s·• . / - ,_ ,-- . • . - . -~-;~{:~?;::\~:~~:~-:_->- . ·;• :•.,::_,~-:--•-~•~~::., -J -•~ /~:\-:-'?•_ .. -~~:., __ :_•••: .;_-••:'•--:~ •:•,~--:; .. ,,;. I •.-• ••••-• -~:~--~~~-:. := :• ••:-~ ~~• • •~ • :••_

: :::·:->,~-,·:~-' )):iE __ ,~T •.. .JJON •. _ JUDITH .HART, - M, P •. _ ·:· , -. __ ,_ ~·,,_-:3 : ___ .

: :_~--:~"Z:~-:-~;~~'~1 rttYsrfi;·oi='-_- ·stA1t-r:of~ovERSEAs ·nEvELoPMENT ~~- _- -. -:r;t;_:'i'r(~ cq-NooN·:r~NGIAtfo> __ :_ :--,- -· --_ -, -·--

,. -~ ' -· .. .- :

tJ::s?1999-0a· UPON MY RETURN FROM l'-iY VISIT TO THE UN I TED K lt~GDOM, c',, =.-::~:~-~~ r:;.:wcfJcn~:\.i1<E· .. :TO"'-r°HANK- YOU -VERY Muci;·' INDEED FOR THE DEL I GHTFUL

,.,_ . . . . .

--- ,- -GATHERJ°NG :WH J CH- YOU ORGAN J ZED t N YOUR HOME Hi KEWa I GREATLY

~>~-_. \4£Lc·or:i€ri.THE=·oPPORTtHflTY- TO .TALK \-JITH .YOU AND MA!W OTHERS IN -• • • • • .A~•••<-• - •-~-=- :.:..:,-_.-:.. ••= _;,,_,, •• • • •.•~ 0 • 0 • •

SUCH PLEASAN1 AND INFORMAL SURROUNDINGS~ MAY I SAY THAT l WAS GREATLY HEARTENED BY THE EXPRESS I ON OF YOUR S.TROt·JG SUPPORT FOR

-_- -- - ~o·u-R~~fi~o'RT.ir-'l r~-P'JR'sUit~oF· THE -- CAUSE. ◊F--1 NT~RNAT l ONt,L DEVELOPME!ff

- " - ----- · AtiD-~OPER.iffi~N'°~'.~ARA v!lTH ALL BEST WJSHES;_AND WARM PERSONAL

REGARDS" {l<URT WALDHE lM SECRETARY GENERAL UN I TED NATI or~s NEWYORK)

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30 August 77 R.Ahmed/jar 3830 5028

OSG/EOSG

HER EXCEI,I,ENCY

THE RT. HON. '1UDITH HART, M.P. MUIISTER OF STATE FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT

LONDON (ENGI.J;1'."fl))

UPON MY RETURN FROM MY VISIT TO TEE UNITED KINGDOM, I WOULD

LIKE TO THANK YOU VERY MUCH INDEED FOR THE DELIGh"TFUL GATHERING WHICH

YOU ORG.l\NIZED IN YOUR HOME IN KEW. I GREATLY WELCOMED THE OPPORTUlUTY

TO TALK WITH YOU AND M11NY OTHERS IN SUCH PLEl¼S..~"T m-.TD INFORMAL

SURROUNDINGS. V.iAY I SAY THAT I Wl\S GREATLY HEZ\RTENED BY THE EXPRESSION OF YOUR STRONG SUPPORT FOR OUR EFFORTS IN PURSUIT OF THE

CAUSE OF n-."TERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT .ru..TJJ COOPERATION~ WITH ALL BEST WISHES AND WARM PERSONAL REGARDS,

KURT WALDHEIM

SECRE"l'ARY GENERAL UNITED NATIONS

Rafeeuddin Ahmed, Execut;i;ve Assistant to the Secretary-General

. --- ----··---------------

ROUTING SLIP tr /.J~ICHE DE TRANSMISSION

TO: A: Mr. A. Rohan

FROM: DE: K. Connor Room No. - No de bureau Ex tens ion - Paste

2941 5707 FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER

FOR APPROVAL POUR APPROBATION

FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE

FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER?

YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE

NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

FOR INFORMATION XXX: POUR INFORMATION

Please find enclosed a note on the meeting of 22 September prepared by Mrs. Ise of mru. I hope it will su:N'ice for :,our file.

COM,6 12-78)

·-·----- 25 September 1978

,I

NOTE FOR THE RECORD (FOR FILE AT THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY)

On 22 September 1978 at 4.00 p.m. the Secretary-General invited Representatives of ten PerITl~nent Missions in order to appeal personally for contributions to the Endovment Fund of the United Nations University. A list of participants is attached.

The Secretary-General opened the meeting by stating that he has high hopes for the future of the United Nations University. He mentioned that the Government of Japan by pledging $100 million made a substantial contribution to the Endowment Fund. The Secretary­General referred to the fact that on 30 May 1978 he sent a letter of appeal to 42 Member States. He reported that he received replies fi'orn Australia, Canada, Ecuador, Iran, Ivory Coast and Poland. He mentioned that all of those replies indicated the current difficulty in making a contribution. In addition to this appeal, he wrote to Mrs. Judith Hart, Minister of the Overseas Development Ministry and appealed for their consideration to make a contribution. It is hoped that a positive response from the United Kingdom will be forthcoming. He reported that the US Senate voted dovn the proposed $7.5 million to the Endowment Fund on 21 September 1978.

Followinp; the comment by the Secretary-General, Ambassador Abe thanked the Secretary-General for providing this opportunity to appeal to the Member States to make a contribution to the United Nations University. He finds that the financial situation of the United Nations University is discouraging and emphasized the importance of the Endowment Fund in order to guaranty the autonomy and academic freedom. If thst current financial situation continued, the um,· might be forced to reduce its activities. .:·apan as a nc,st country_ of the UNU will make every effort to develop the University and it appeals to other Member States for their co-operation.

The Secretary-General then rave the floor to Mr. Ohkava. Mr. Ohkawa said.that he came from Tokyo Just the day before in order to attend this meeting. He continued to say that Japan ~~de a pledge of $100 million with-the expectation that other Member States would come forward. He reported the disappointment of Japan with the fact that no support has so far come from industrialized countries. Nevertheless, Japan is determined to continue to support mm. He exphasized the fact that particularly when the world is confronted with so many major problems requiring immediate solutions, there is a greater need for an organization which deals with the besic research to solve global questions of survival. Starting a new orp,anization~ particularly an agency which is concerned with research, takes a long time to produce results. Japan is ready to continue its support to this orgnnization.

. / ...

,.,, ..

Next, the Rector of the United Nations University took the floor and explained the overall outline of the Endo-wment Fund.

2.

1. He stated that projects in'three priority progra.."'lille areas are now being conducted in more than 50 countries in the world. With this rapid enlargement of a glob!tl. network of research institutions, the financial need is growing.

2. It is very important to support the concept of the Endowment Fund because it will guaranty stable research operations for the United Nations University. Also objective research would be assured if a substantive Endo'W'Illent Fund is established. He stated that the accumulated $80 million level of the Endo'Willent Fund is not enough for the global researca project.

3. He reported that the United Nations University Council has established a special section in the U:NU Endov.ment Fund for the prupose of financing the University's program.~es designed to assist developing countries~ The purpose of this action is to make funds available for contribution to the University from funds earmarked by Governments for development purposes.

He continued to state that establishment of a special section to which overseas development assistance could be contributed and type of a contribution will be utilized to finance only works concerned with developing countries. This is the basis on which, for example, the Overseas Development Ministry of the United Kingdom is considering a possibility of contribution.

The Secretary-General then stated that following this meeting he would like to receive from the represented Governments indications of their considerations towards contributions. He expressed his hope for co-operation by the Governments.

Ambassador Wells of the United States said that although the United States Senate defeated the amendment to include the UNU in the Foreign Aid Bill, the US Administration continues to support the UNU and will continue to seek a contribution.

Ambassador Anderson of Australia said that during the current fiscal year which started on 1 July, it is not possible to consider support for the United Nations University. The Govern.~ent, however, has decided to keep the matter under review for the fiscal year of 1979 •

. / ...

3.

_; Ambassador Barton of Canada reported that the Canadian C',overnment itself has faced a considerable amount of financial cuts and a substantial number of people lost jobs. Also the current crisis of the dollar exchange rate is affecting the Canadian economy. However, some possibility for programme support has been considered. The Rector of the UN University cited examples of support for UNU projects by Canadian CID.A.

Mr. Husson of France said that it is hoped to report on conditions for 1980.

Ambassador von Hassel of the Federal Republic of Germany reported that the Government is now seriously considering the possibility of a contribution.

Ambassador Richard reported that as a reply to the letter of the Secretary-General, the Minister of the Overseas Development Ministry vrote to say "I am not without hope". A decision of the Government of the United Kingdom will be made shortly.

Momoyo Ise

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Meeting 22 September 1978 with Secretary-General

AUSTRALIA

CANADA

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY~ Fed. Rep. of

IRELAND

JAPAN

UK

us

Amb. H.D. Anderson Permanent Representative

Ambo William H. Barton Permanent Representative

Mr. Knud-Arne Hjerk Eliasen Minister Counsellor

Amb. Jaakko Pekka Blomberg Deputy Permanent Representative

Mr. Philippe Husson Minister Plenipotentiary Deputy Permanent Representative

Dr. Wolf Ulrich von Hassel Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Deputy Permanent Representative

Amb. Eamonn Kennedy Permanent Representative

Arnb. Isac Abe Permanent Representative

Mr. Ohka..,a Director-General of the UN Bureau

of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Ichiro Otaka Counsellor (Economic and Social Affairs)

Mr. Akinori Tomikawa First Secretary

Amb. Ivor Richard, Q.C. Permanent Representative

Amb. Mrs. Melissa Wells Permanent Representative

Office of the Secretary-General - Mr. Albert Rohan

International EconomJc and Social Affairs

United Nations University /

Deputy Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General, Director

- Mr. Jean Louis Ripert Under-Secretary-General

- Ms. Kristen Timothy Connor Social Affairs Officer

- Dr. James M. Hester Rector

- Mrs. Momoyo Ise Chief

13 October 1978

Dear Mr. Rohan,

For your reference and

with the compliments

of the liaison office

United Nations

New York, N. Y. 10017

Phone: Plaza 4-5610/11

fl!

25 September 1978

NOTE FOR THE RECORD (FOR FILE AT THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY)

On 22 September 1978 at 4.00 p.m. the Secretary-General invited Representatives of ten Permanent Missions in order to appeal personally for contributions to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University. A list of participants is attached.

The Secretary-General opened the meeting by stating that he has high hopes for the future of the United Nations University. He mentioned that the Government of Japan by pledging $100 million made a substantial contribution to the Endowment Fund. The Secretary­General referred to the fact that on 30 May 1978 he sent a letter of appeal to ·42 Member States. He reported that he received replies from Australia, Canada, Ecuador, Iran, Ivory Coast and Poland. He mentioned that all of those replies indicated the current difficulty in making a contribution. In addition to this appeal, he ,-rrote to Mrs. Judith Hart, Minister of the Overseas Development Ministry and appealed for their consideration to make a contribution. It is hoped that a positive response from the United Kingdom will be forthcoming. He reported that the US Senate voted down the proposed $7.5 million to the Endowment Fund on 21 September 1978.

Following the comment by the Secretary-General, Ambassador Abe thanked the Secretary-General for providing this opportunity to appeal to the Member States to make a contribution to the United Nations University. He finds that the financial situation of the United Nations University is discouraging and emphasized the importance of the Endowment Fund in order to guaranty the autonomy and academic freedom. If that current financial situation continued, the UNU might be forced to reduce its activities. Japan as a host country of the UNU will make every effort to develop the University and it appeals to other Member States for their co-operation.

The Secretary-General then gave the floor to Mr. Ohkawa. Mr. Ohkawa said that he came from Tokyo just the day before in order to attend this meeting. He continued to say that Japan made a pledge of $100 million with the expectation that other Member States would come forward. He reported the disappointment of Japan with the fact that no support has so far come from industrialized countries. Nevertheless, Japan is determined to continue to support UNU. He exphasized the fact that particularly when the world is confronted with so many major problems requiring immediate solutions, there is a greater need for an organization which deals with the basic research to solve global questions of survival. Starting a new organization, particularly an agency which is concerned with research, takes a long time to produce results. Japan is ready to continue its support to this organization.

• I •••

Next, the Rector of the United Nations University took the floor and explained the overall outline of the Endowment Fund.

2.

1. He stated that projects in three priority programme areas are now being conducted in more than 50 countries in the world. With this rapid enlargement of a global network of research institutions, the financial need is growing.

2. It is very important to support the concept of the Endowment Fund because it will guaranty stable research operations for the United Nations University. Also objective research would be assured if a substantive Endowment Fund is established. He stated that the accumulated $80 million level of the Endowment Fund is not enough for the global research project.

3. He reported that the United Nations University Council has established a special section in the UNU Endowment Fund for the prupose of financing the University's programmes designed to assist developing countries. The purpose of this action is to make funds available for contribution to the University from funds earmarked by Governments for development purposes.

He continued to state that establishment of a special section to which overseas development assistance could be contributed and type of a contribution will be utilized to finance only works concerned with developing countries. This is the basis on which, for example, the Overseas Development Ministry of the United Kingdom is considering a possibility of contribution.

The Secretary-General then stated that following this meeting he would like to receive from the represented Governments indications of their considerations towards contributions. He expressed his hope for co-operation by the Governments.

Ambassador Wells of the United States said that although the United States Senate defeated the amendment to include the UNU in the Foreign Aid Bill, the US Administration continues to support the UNU and will continue to seek a contribution.

Ambassador Anderson of Australia said that during the current fiscal year which started on 1 July, it is not possible to consider support for the United Nations UniversitJ. The Government, however, has decided to keep the matter under review for the fiscal year of 1979 •

. / ...

3.

Ambassador Barton of Canada reported that the Canadian Government itself has faced a considerable amount of financial cuts and a substantial number of people lost jobs. Also the current crisis of the dollar exchange rate is affecting the Canadian economy. However, some possibility for programme support has been considered. The Rector of the UN University cited examples of support for UNU projects by Canadian CIDA.

Mr. Husson of France said that it is hoped to report on conditions for 1980.

Ambassador von Hassel of the Federal Republic of Germany reported that the Government is now seriously considering the possibility of a contribution.

Ambassador Richard reported that as a reply to the letter of the Secretary-General, the Minister of the Overseas Development Ministry wrote to say "I am not without hope". A decision of the Government of the United Kingdom will be made shortly.

Momoyo Ise

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS

Meeting 22 September 1978 with Secretary-General

AUSTRALIA

CANADA

DENMARK

FINLAND

FRANCE

GERMANY, Fed. Rep. of

IRELAND

JAPAN

UK

us

Amb. H.D. Anderson Permanent Representative

Amb. William H. Barton Permanent Representative

Mr. Knud-Arne Hjerk Eliasen Minister Counsellor

Amb. Jaakko Pekka Blomberg Deputy Permanent Representative

Mr. Philippe Husson Minister Plenipotentiary Deputy Permanent Representative

Dr. Wolf Ulrich von Hassel Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary Deputy Permanent Representative

Amb. F.a.monn Kennedy Permanent Representative

Amb. Isao Abe Permanent Representative

Mr. Ohkawa Director-General of the UN Bureau

of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs

Mr. Ichiro Otaka Counsellor (Economic and Social Affairs)

Mr. Akinori Tomikawa First Secretary

Amb. Ivor Richard, Q.C. Permanent Representative

Amb. Mrs. Melissa Wells Permanent Representative

Office of the Secretary-General - Mr. Albert Rohan

International Economic and Social Affairs

United Nations University

Deputy Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General, Director

- Mr. Jean Louis Ripert Under-Secretary-General

- Ms. Kristen Timothy Connor Social Affairs Secretary

- Dr. James M. Hester Rector

- Mrs. Momoyo Ise Chief

THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

29th Floor. Toho Seimei Building

15-1. Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku

Tokyo 150, Japan

Dear Prof. Etheredge:

COPY FOR MR. ROHAN

Liaison Office United Nations

New York, N.Y. 10017

Phone: Plaza 4· 5610/ 11

13 October 1978

Your letter of 27 September 1978 addressed to the Secretary­General, concerning the possibility of creating certain types of programmes to help professional diplomats and political leaders in their decision-making process, has been forwarded to this office for consideration by the United Nations University. I would like to tell you that I sent your letter to Dr. Jose Abueva, Secretary of the University, for his comments.

Meanwhile, I would like to explain some programme aspects of the UN University: it is currently focusing the attention on three priority programmes namely, World Hunger, Social and Human Development, and Use and Management of Natural Resources. Your interest, therefore, is not directly relating to the present areas of interest. As you indicated in your letter, the topic very much relates to the work of the UNITAR.

Tn my case, I am certain that you will hear from Dr. Jose Abueva.

For your information, I 8III enclosing some recent information about the UN University.

Prof. Lloyd Etheredge Massachusetts Institute of Technology Department of Political Science Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139

NEW YORK: TELEX: 232422 UNH UR CABLE: UNATIONS

Yours sincerely,

/l (~~:?o I~e ~ Chief

Liaison Office

6 October 1978

Dear Mr. llttheredge,

l wish ·to aeknowle4ge you· letter of 27 hpt.~r 1978 to the Secrei:ax-y-Gene:ral6 with regard t.o the possibilit.y of <:renting certain types of programm~ in eonjtmction with the United Nat.ions University (WU).

Zn view of the nature of y-ot.U' request/J I llave b.rought. YO\U' letter and its attachment to the attention of the re~ible officials -of t.he mm anti I am sure that you will hear from them in due CfOurse.

Mt'. Lloyd :;gtheredge Assist.ant Professor

Albert Rohan Direct.or

Massacl:u.tset.ts Institute of Tedhnology Cambridge

Mass. 02139

MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OEl',\RTMENT Of l'OLITIC,\L SCIENCE

Secretary General Kurt Waldheim The United Nations New York, N.Y.

Dear Mr. Secretary General:

CAMIJRIDGE, MASiACHUSETTS 02139

September 27, 1978

I enclose a summary of a book to be published by M.I.T. Press next week. I am hopeful that the United Nations might find it'possible to address the sensitive issue of whether programs could be devised to help professional diplomats and political leaders deal more flexibly and sensitively with emotionally-charged issues.

I have previously corresponded with Mr. Davidson Nicol on these issues, but it also strikes me that the good offices of the United Nations Universities might be useful in creating such programs.

LE/ds enclosure

Sincerely,

~r1r~Pt-11oyd Etheredge Assistant Professor

Abstract

A World of Hen: The Private Sources of American Foreign Policy

(Cambridge: M.I.T. Press, 1978)

September, 1978

Prepared for The Diplomatist (England)

Lloyd S. Etheredge

Massachusetts Institute of

Technology

l

A Horld of Men: The Private Sources of American Foreign Policy addresses .

the problem of whether senior polit~cal and career officials responsible for

foreign policy decisions are fu~ly competent to do their jobs safely. It

concludes they are not, in the American case, and documents the conclusion

with specific psychological data obtainedtrom a random sample of 126 American

diplomats within the Department of Sta~e and from an assessment of personality

and policy differences among Presidents, Secretaries of State, and advisers

in 62 major American foreign policy decisions (49 pf them involving the use

of military force) from 1898 to 1968. The first systematic and depth study

of its kind, based on seven years of research by a political psychologist at

the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the book raises serious questions con~inuing

about irrational elements in the conduct of international diplomacy.

The crucial issue, the report finds, is that international politics

has confronted a diplomat or President as partly what psychologists term

a projective test. That is, there is sufficient ambiguity so that rather

than rely on solely objective evidence, a man must use his own intuitions and

draw upon his personal understandi~g of human psychology to assess intentions

and design successful policy. Unfortunately there are implicit personal

predispositions involved in making these inferences about what seems most

plausibly true, and officials disagree about their convictions in systematic

ways that are reflections solely of themselves rather than only from evidence

about the true structure of the situations_they confront. There may be

fortuitous agreement between personal predispositions and.the requirements

for successful policy, but in principle this use of intuition and personal

instinct without careful self-reflection is as risky as letting people

✓ 2

in a chemical laboratory mix chemicals according to a personal style.

The consequences of such. approaches to decision making ha~ been quite

serious in the American case, and major policy outcomes -- including some

which have turned out to be major _errors -- have often turned on the per­

sonality traits of a President. For example, in over 70% of the cases of

disagreement of whether to use American force since 1898, Presidents and

Secretaries of State with highly domineering personalities have elected to

use this military force while more egalitarian men have been in opposition • .. Such cases include, among others, Woodrm,; Wilson's' punitive politics toward

Mexico, Dulles's militarization ,f the containment doctrine and hard-line

stance during the Cold l~ar, and American operations to attempt the reunifica­

tion of Korea, the overthrow of Bidel Castro at the Bay of Pigs, and the

recent Vietnam War.

The American diplomat study shows, with objective psychological tests,

that the use of force is more likely recommended -- and fear of aggressive

desigr.s of opponents especially gripping - when the adviser is personally

competitive and dreams of feeling active, strong, and powerful himself.

(Eight other traits are also implicated.) Dovish or relaxed stances toward

Soviet power are similarly explained in substantial degree by the effects of

personality, as are intermediate or mixed stances.

The report notes that such mechanises of simple self-expression and

projective intuition may be a serious problJm in the foreign policies of other

nations as ~ell as America: since 1914, 60% of those nations initiating

war have lost, evidence for substantial over-confidence in the use of force

that may grow from personal drives: It is one of the documented character­

istics of personal instfcts and intuition that, as a guide to decisionsp they

. ' 3

'produce such mistaken subjective conviction~. .-.

r.· ..

The report notes that these mechanisms have been suspected to have a

likely m.aj or relevance in produci_ng wars, _errors, and foreign policy outcomes

generally for at least 40 years since Harold Lasswell published his Psycho-

pathology and Politics and his World Politics and Personal Insecurity.

No one in power seems to have listened 1:_o the warning at the time and in

the American case - and probably others as well -1

thcre have been many

deaths since that might have been avoided had there been some simple programs

to show decision makers the issues involved in their own mental processes

when they faced ambiguous and emotionally-charged decisions. The report

is careful to note, however, that not all wars and conflicts arise from

the personality of the decision makers themselves so that t;reater psycholo­

gical sensitivity and professional competence by political elites will not

alone solve the problem of error and avoidable war.

A special feature of the book i~ its broad interdisciplinary base.

The author points out that the dominatinB, competitive, and ambitious

personality traits which tend often to characterize American Presidents and

diplomats and lead them to favor war and to be fearful (since they infer

the motivations of others from themselves) of similar power-seeking

the Soviet Union ambitions of , __ :..i ' ... ,· · >:.,•_- f" .... » parallel_the conclusions of anthropologists.

Anthropological studies of over 100 tribes have now become available in

standard computer format and show that it is tribes with personally ambitious

and competitive males which have been most prone to engage in warfare and

4

to be fearful of the designs of neighbors. While political elites in

America have many personality traits that incline them against war they

also have - and in significant measure - traits that have increased the

American use of military force at least since 1898. Such predisposition

may not, however, always be unwise as ambitious and competitive men of one

whom . .,; ought to be fearful may be drawn or elevated to high office in

other major countries.

The author draws his title from a quotation by the scientist David

Lilienthal, "A world of science and great machines.is still a world of

men." He isc~~~':.:~.~~ by th: evideh~io/"t'fiM: ~f/ii't1i1A1 elites in America

and elsewhere may have overly idealized.. images o:f their own competence thus

and/may again ignore the evidence of the need for improvement, as their

predecessors unfortunately ignored Lasswell's warnings of forty years

ago.

RotiTING-SLI P

(;(/ti~ ~' ~-.4 / FICHE DE RANSM,!SION

TO: A: Mr. Rohan

FROM: DE: Mrs. Momoyo Ise Room No. - No de bureau

E;6~;n - Poste I Date 6

• lQ • 78 DC-1182

FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER

FOR APPROVAL POUR AP PROBATION

FOR SIGNATURE POUR SIGNATURE

FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER?

YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE

NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

FOR INFORMATION X POUR INFORMATION

and reference.

COM,6 12-78)

-----;-;,··-~---~Ur,Jl) COPY FOR MR. ROHAN

OCT 4:; l:~7~

(I P.CTIC)t'1 PF.RMANENT MISSION OF

T-r:l.ltPtlONt: ~I 69::14 ;, . NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017

• i -~

Your Excellency, ,'.·}?-~ 1. 3(6J ' 29th September,197B

I am sorry for the delay in replying to your let:er of 30th May,1978, about the need of the United Nations Uni•,ersity for increased resources.

As you are, no do\l:bt, aware the Irish Government has expressed support for the creation and objectives of the University. We therefore share your concern that it.a progress should not be impeded thro\:lgh a •l'tortage of fund-a. We are at present considering ways in which this country could beat cooperate in the activities of the University and we will be in a better position to decide about a financlel contribution when this study is completed. For the time being therefore I regret that I am unat>.le to respond to your appeal with a •pacific promise but I will write to you again about thil matter •• 80on aa poes.U:.lle.

Please accept, Your my highest consideration.

Ili.s Excellency Dr. Kurt Waldheim Scc1·etary-General United Nations New York, N.Y. 10017.

lxcellen~,1/ the •••w:nceac:--o~!'/; ,/··/, J/{~ ,70· / _;;

✓- \.d.-~. t{)

Michael O'Kennedy, T.D. Minister for Foreign Affairs

of Ireland

OFFICIAL COFRf SPONDENCf: ---------1-------i

REFERENCl!I::

(){\// J \/t,,,,/

~ ~~ ~/}A~~ UNITED NATIONS (ffl} NATIONS UNIES , . .._1 ~ r')

POSTAC ADDRESS-AORESSE POST ACE UNITe□ NATIONS, N. Y. 10017 i..M ~ •• 11 J1 "'"" '°"""-"""""" '"""""'"'""" """'""" """'""" 110. (- Inn z '!1 ~

PERSONAL AND CONFIDENTIAL ,~ l,fi';ptember 1978 ~/1

Dear Rafi,

Subject: United Nations University Council

1. Reference our conversation yesterday regarding the UNU Council: when Mr. Dhar assumes his responsibilities here he may be requested to resign his membership of the UNU Council.

2. If by then a proposal from Mr. M'Bow has not been received, perhaps he could be contacted in regard to my replacing Mr. Dhar for his unfinished term.

3. After this has been approved by both appointing authorities (the Secretary-General and Mr. M'Bow), a telegram may be sent to Dr. Hester informing him of the proposed appointment and requesting him to consult members of the Council by cable so as to have a reply by 1st November if possible.

4. After this consultation, which is a formality required by the Charter, the appointment may be notified to me, and to Dr. Hester.

5. In matters of appointment of the Council, the appointing authorities do not consult Governments although Government nominations, if made, are taken into account.

6. Dr. Candau was appointed a member of the Council shortly after retiring from WHO under similar circumstances.

Thanking you for your co-operation,

Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed Executive Assistant

to the Secretary-General United Nations, Room 3800E New York, N.Y. 10017

Yours sincerely,

C.V. Narasimhan

...,

Note for the Secretary-General

:MEETING WITH POTENTIAL CONTRIBTJTORS TO THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY (Friday, 22 Sentember 1978, 4 p.m.)

On 30 May 1978, you sent a letter to the following countries

appealing to them to make a contribution to the UNU Endowment Fund:

Western European and Others: Australia, Austria, Canada, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Norway, United Kingdom, USA, Switzerland. OPEC countries: Algeria, Ecuador, Gabon,Indonesia, Iran,- Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, United Arab Emirates.

Eastern European countries: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, Y'Ugoslavia.

others: Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Egypt, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Morocco, Tanzania.

Until today, the following countries have sept replies: Canada, A•1,il,J,....A •

Ecuador, Hungary, Iran, Ivory Coast, Polond.V--All these replies were

negative. on 14 August, you also sent a letter to Mrs. Doris Hart, Minister

of State for Overseas Development of the United Kingdom. In her reply,

Mrs. Hart indicated that her Government would decide in the near future on the question of a contribution to the University. She added:

,l.l I am not without hope". According to Mr. Hester, efforts are underway in the Federal

Republic of Germany and in France with regard to a decision on a

contribution~to the University.

In the united States Senate, the proposed contribution of

7.5 million was voted down yesterday by a vote of 38 to 29.

The present meeting is intended as a follow-up to your appeal to

selected governments. B~sides Japan, we have invited to the meeting

those countries from the Western European and Others group who have

received your above-mentioned letter and who have not yet made any contributions to the University: Australia, Canada, Denmark, France,

Finland, Federal Republic of Germany, Ireland,United Kingdom and USA. Attached is a copy of your letter of 30 May 1978 and a summary

of pledges and contributions to the UN University.

' A. Rohan - 22 September 197

• ~ EXAMPLE f

THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

30 M3.y 1978

Your Excellency,

As you may be a'itTcl.re, the United Nations University is now in its third year of operations. It has already launched extremely useful programmes of research, advanced training, and dissanination of knowledge of great potential value to the v.Drld, especially the developing countries. It is helping to reverse the brain drain by strengthening research and advanced training facilities in developing countries. At the same time, its prograrmnes are bringing an increase::l. measure of objectivity and depth of scholarship to the international effort to understand and solve urgent human problems.

The University is not funded through regular budget appropriations. It is intended that its operating expenses should be met by incane d~ived fran an End.owment Fund, which is a capital fund consisting of voluntary contributions by M::rriber States, which are invested under the supervision of the 'Ireasurer of the United Nations. The proceeds provide the principal budget support for the University. A target of US $500 million has been set for the Endowment Fund, to be raised, if possible, by 1981. So far, 9 goverrnnents have pled.ged a total of $124. 25 million. A number of goverrnnents have also given annual contributions to assist in initiating the activities of the University, and it is hoped. that they will make endowment pledges in the near fub..lre.

The :rrornentum of the University's progress cannot be sustamed., however, without substantially increased resources. It is for this reason that the General Assanbly at its Thirty­secoricl Regular Session appealed to all Mauber States "to make substantial contributions to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University". I therefore w::::mld ask Your Excellency's Government to give urgent and sympathetic consideration to this appeal and make an early and generous contribution to the EndO\,l!lent Fund of the United Nations University so that the University can effectively fulfil the important responsi­bilities entrusted to it by the General Assembly.

please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

His Excellency Mr. Benjamin Mkapa., M.P. Minister for Foreign Affairs United Republic of Tanzania

MtVK1 Kurt v-Jaldheim

j Page 1 (

SUMMARY OF PLEDGES AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ENDOWMENT AfID OPERATING FUNDSa/

OF THE UNITED NA'l'IONS UNIVERSITY

(As at 22 September 1978)

Amount Pledged:!2_/ Ambunt p .db/ Government ai - Remarks (in us Dollars) (in US Dollars)

--1. Austria 238,800 300,400 Originally pledged 4 million Austrian Schilling

(238,800 US Dollars), followed by an annual con-tribution thereafter of one million schillings (Approx. 61,600 US Dollars).

2. Cyprus 1,291 1,291

3- Ghana. 2,500,000 1,044,330 Pledged over 5 years. In addition, three other contributions were made, for a total of 44,330 L~ Dollars.

4. Greece 65,000

5. Holy See 50,000

6. India 750,000 75,000 Pledged over 5 years.

7- Japan 100,000,000 70,000,000 Over 5 years, provided contributions from other Member States are forthcoming.

8. Libyan Arab ',!:

Jamahiriya 150,000 100,000

9. Malaysia 10,000

10. Netherlands 100,000 200,000 Pledp:ed annually for a fev yea.rs.

I •••

• Page 2

Amount b/ .Amount Paid"p_/ Pledged- Remarks Government (in US Dollars) (in us Dollars)

11. Norway 384,031 564,049 A contribution of 180,018 US Dollars was ma.de prior to the pledge indicated.

12. Philippines 50,000 10,000 Pledged OYer 5 years. .

13. Saudi Arabia 5,000,000 1,070,000

14. Senegal 1,000,000 22,087 A contribution of 22,087 US Dollars wa.s made

15. Sudan 5,000,000

16. Sweden 208,877

17. Switzerland 182,796

18. Tunisia 10,000

19. Venezuela. 10,000,000

20. Zaire

Total 126,440,045£/

I

Includes funds for programme activities.

440,092

53,763

4,000,000

100,000

78,106,012

prior to the pledge indicated.

Pledged over 5 years.

A contribution of 231,215 US Dollars prior to the pledge indicated.

Pledged over 4 years.

Pledged o,er 5 years.

,,1. ,,,

p_/ Where amounts were pledged and/or paid in national currencies other than United States dollars, a car.version was made using the exchange rate in effect at the time of the pledge/payment.

5:./ 'This total includes contributions received without a prior pledp;e; these contribution3 'h,,,,,., -,.,,...,.,~

incorporated in the government totals in the second column. For details in indiYidual cF-2~,:; St':•.:

column ''Remarks".

was made

Member states represented at UNU meeting on Fridayy 22 September. at 4 p.m. united Kingdom united State Canada Australia erance Fed.Repub.Germany-Denmark Finland

Ireland Japan

15-I.X

lm

:...

Ambassador Richard Ambassador Wells

Ambassador Barton Ambassador Anderson Mr. Husson Ambassador Von Hassell

Mr. Eliasen Ambassador Blomberg Ambassador Kennedy Ambassador Abe

r ,. ~

!"•

r

l I

:l

j

. , .. :';':. ·1:.••t .

J ' ) . I iJ l\ : · . \ (. ( I , .· ,-· , 1 // (.._ 1 .l(J"-Y . I\! 1-::_,J. /

ci ;- l J "-"'-~t( 9-u. ~: di/~ Ml'~ - ~ U(\j~/!... 9/t

united nations educational, scientific and cultural org( JizatG.on ~ organisation des nations unies pour !'education, la science et la culture

7, place de Fontenoy, 75700 Paris

The Director-General

reference : D G / l • ? / 8 l g

Dear Mr. Waldheim,

1 f',. :C""'. \:178 ~

On his return from the Tenth Session of the United Nations University Council, my representative, Mr. Tanguiane1 informed me that Mr. Narasimhan is about to retire from service with the United Nations.

I wish to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation for the friendly co-operation which I have always enjoyed from him.

From Mr. Tanguiane's report on the work of the session, it seems to me that the Council has, on the whole, shown a highly commendable sense of responsibility in its efforts to carry out the provisions of the Charter of the University. I have noted, however, a number of points arising from the agenda which, I think, we should take up jointly, such as matters concerning the concept of the University; policies, guidelines, regulations

~ and other decisions regarding the structures of the University; publication policies; draft programme and budget and rules of procedures of the University. I should be grateful therefore if you would give appropriate instructions to your representatives at the n~xt session of the Council, as I shall to mine.

At its forthcoming 105th session (September-October 1978), the Executive Board will be discussing the Annual Report of the U tJ U Co u n c i 1 • I sh a l 1 not fa i 1 to keep you i n formed of i ts reactions.

With kind regards,

Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General United Nations

"New York, N.Y. 10017 LI. S. /\.

Yours sincerely,

Amadou-Mahtar M'Bow

t

Country

1. Austria.

2. Cyprus

3. Ghana

4. Greece

5. Roly See

6. India.

7. Japan

SUMMARY OF PLEDGES AND CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE ENDOWMElfT AND OPERATING FUND#"

OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

(As at 18 September 1978)

b/ Amount Pledged- Date Amount Paidb/ Date (in US Dollars) of Pledge ( in US Dollars ) of Payment

238,800 1.4 June 1976 238,800 7 Jan .. 1977

61,600 19 Octe 1977

1,291 30 March 1972 1,291 5 June 1978

14,750 28 May 1975 14,790 20 Nov.1975

2,500,000 26 May 1976 500,000 17 Dec,. 1976 14,790 21 June 1977

500,000 5 Deco 1977

20,000 21 Jan. 1976 20,000 28 Dec. 1977 25,000 5 July 1978

50,000 28 Feb. 1977

750~000 1 Feb. 1977 75,000 5 May 1977

100,000,000 25 Sep. 1973 20,000,000 20 Jan. 1975 20,000,000 22 Jan. 1976 20,000,000 4 Feb. 1977 10)000,000 31 Jan. 1978

Rem.arks

60,000 (approx.) pledged annually thereafter

pledged over 5 years

pledged over 5 years

pledged over 5 years

I . ..

- - -------------------- - ------------- --------- -----

r Page 2

Country Amount PledgedW Date Amount PaiiE/ Date (in US Dollars) of Pledge (in US Dollars) of Payment Remarks

. 8., Libyan Arab 50,000 26 Apr. 1976

Jamahiriya . 50,000 28 Dec. 1976

50,000 20 J'an,. 1977 50,000 16 Feb. 1977

50,000 22 Aug. 1977

9 .. Malaysia 10,000 15 July 1978

10. Netherlands 100,000 24 May 1976 pledged annually for a 100,000 8 July 1976 few years 100,000 12 July 1977

11. Norway 180,018 1 Apr. 1976 189,251 28 Mar. 1977

189,251 9 May 1977 194,780 26 Jan. 1978

194., 780 8 Feb. 1978

12. Philippines 50,000 7 .Tune 1978 pledged over 5 years 5,000 19 Apr., 1978 5,000 Aug. 1978

13. Saudi .A.rabis. 5,00011)000 9 Mar. 1977 1,070,000 15 Dec. 1977

14., Senegal 22,087 Jan. 1975 1,000,000 11 Aug. 1977

15. SU.dan 5,000,000 9 Dec. 1976 pledged over 5 years

16.

17.

180

19.

20.

!:.l b/

Page 3

Amount Pledgedb/ Date i

Amount PaiiE/ Remarks Country I Date (in US Dollars) of Pledge I (in US Dollars) of Payment i

j

Sweden 231,215 19 Aug. 1975 208,877 5 Sep. 1977

208,877 10 Nov. 1977

Switzerland . 182,796 3 Febe 1978 pledged over 4 years 53,763 7 Mar. 1978

Tunisia 10,000 11 Nov. 1977

Venezuela 10,000,000 18 Aug. 1975 pledged over 5 years 2,000,000 29 Jan. 1976 2,000,000 6 Sep. 1977

Zaire 1001;000 6 July 1977

Total 126.JJ1'0,o.t.# 78,106,012

Includes f'unds for programme activities.

Where amounts were pledged and/or paid in national currencies other than United States dollars, a conversion was made using the exchange rate in effect a.t the time of the pledge/payment.

This total includes contributions received without a prior pledge; for details in individual cases see the "Amount Paid" column.

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

OFFICIAL RECORDS: THIRTY -THIRD SESSION

SUPPLEMENT No. 31 (A/33/31)

UNITED NATIONS

.1,

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL

OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

GENERAL ASSEMBLY

OFFICIAL RECORDS: THIRTY -THIRD SESSION

SUPPLEMENT No. 31 (A/33/31)

UNITED NATIONS

New York, 1978

NOTE Symbols of United Nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with

figures. Mention of such a symbol indicates a reference to a United Nations document.

CONTENTS

L)1·i{'i.nal; :SnglisgT

{19 July 197'{[

Paragraphs

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIOI-JS UNIVERSITY • . . • . • l - 33

ANNEXES

l

I. Members of the United Nations University Council . . . . . . . . . 7

II. Chairman of the Council of the United Nations University, present officers and members of standing committees • .. • . . 9

III. Report of the Rector of the United Nations University ·~o the Council of the United Nations University (June 1977-June 1978) , 11

IV. Summary of pledges and contributions to the Endowment Fund and operating

V.

funds of the United Nations University• · • · · • · · • · · • · 71

Members of Programme Advisory Committees and co-ordinators of programmes and projects of the United 1-;aticns University .

-iii-

73

REPORT OF THE COUNCIL OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

1. The Council of the United Nations University held its ninth session at Tokyo, from 5 to 9 December 1977, and its tenth session at Vienna, from 26 to 30 June 1978, at the invitation of the Government of Austria. During 1977-1978, the Council met for a total of 10 days to consider the University's programmes, problems and progress.

2. Twelve new members joined the Council at its ninth session; these were the first new members since its formation (for a list of the members of the Council, see annex I below).

3. The Council carried out its work in plenary sessions and through two standing committees: the Finance and Budget Committee and the Programme and Institutional Relations Committee. The officers, members of standing committees and Chairman of the Council were unanimously elected. Dr. Marcel Roche became Chairman of the Council following the ninth session in December 1977 (for the list of present officers, standing committees and chairman, see annex II below).

4. At its meeting at Vienna in June 1978, the Council received a report from the Rector (see annex III below). In addition to reporting on the work of the University during the year 1977-1978, the Rector summarizes the progress made during the first three years of operations.

5. The Rector's report was discussed by the Council, which whole-heartedly reaffirmed its belief in the objectives of the Charter and in the programme priorities and programme activities launched since 1975.

6. The Council welcomed the substantial expansion of activities achieved in 1977-1978, as set out in paragraph 18 below, An international network has now been created involving University programmes in some 60 countries and the network now links 16 Associated Institutions. Thirty United Nations University Fellowships were awareded in 1977-1978 and 20 Fellows completed their training and returned to their home countries eQuipped to deal with problems in their o.m societies, This marks the first step in the University's plan to increase the capability of participants in its programmes to extend, apply and diffuse knowledge (see _A) 0 lh9/f'_c1c..2, Charter, art. I, para. 7).

7. The Council emphasized that the three Programmes now being carried out by the University (World Hunger Programme, Human and Social Development Programme and Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources) were directly related to each other as part of a common strategy. A joint meeting, held in April 1978, of the members of the three Programme Advisory Committees, which was concerned with the interaction and integration of the three Programmes, was a landmark in the short history of the University. This meeting advanced the planning of two interprogramme activities and the initiation of three others.

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8. The Council was encouraged by the participation in each Programme both of scholars of world eminence and individuals and teams concerned with practical social action in developing countries. Each Prograillille sets out to relate knowledge to experience and experience to knowledge.

9. The Council stressed the need for critical scrutiny, evaluation and follow-up of each individual Prograillille and for the widest diffusion of infonllation about what is teing achieved. It has teLen steps tu ,1cJ1i,:v,~ thc:w t,•.'O ,_ bjectives" The University ~lr1.:1s to maintain cont2.ct ,.,i th 1:ni tecl :•T:c>"tions University i~ellcws who have returned to t!Lj_r home countries in order to helr- t11c 1 ~ .~;1rly thc:·ir newly r,·0inec1. tnowledp;e :md sl:.il ls.

10. At the same time that the Council was impressed by the progress of the University's programmes, it was deeply concerned about the financial problem which faces the University at this critical stage. A summary of present pledges and contributions to the Endowment Fund and operating funds is given in annex IV below.

11. The Council saluted the continuing support of the Government of Japan, and was extremely encouraged both by the fact that a number of developing countries had given valuable financial and other support and that financial support for specific projects had come from a number of countries.

12. The actual contributions received since June 1977 are as follows:

Government Amount paid Date

Austria AS l 000 JOO ( ~~cs 61 :600) 19 October 1977

Cyprus ( $cs 1,291 5 June 1978

Ghana $US 14,790 21 June 1977 $us 500,000 5 December 1977

Greece $US 20,000 28 December 1977

Japan $us 10,000,000 31 January 1978

Netherlands $US 100,000 12 July 1977

Norway NKr 1,000,000 8 February 1978 ($US 194,780)

Philippines $US 5,000 19 April 1978

Saudi Arabia £581,818 15 December 1977 ($us 1,070,000)

Sweden SKr 1,000;000 10 November 1977 ($US 208,877)

Switzerland SwF 100,000 7 March 1978 ( $US 53,763)

Venezuela $US 2,000,000 6 September 1977

Zaire $US 100,000 6 July 1977

$us 14,330,101

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13. Despite these contributions, the Coi:.ncil concluded that, unless substantial new funds were received, the planning, scale and mode of operation of the University would have to be thoroughly reviewed. Indeed, despite the record of achievement in 1977-1978, there have already been serious limitations on the capacity of the University to develop as the Council believes it should.

14. The number of headquarters staff in Tokyo remains strictly limited (89 people), and the Cou.Dcil was concerned about the difficulties this posed. A start has been made in reorganizing and strengthening the University's information programme, which is of key importance, following the appointment in 1978 of the Director of Information.

15. The film entitled 11Knowledge without boundaries", produced jointly with the Office of Public Information of the United Nations, has been completed. The UNU Newsletter has been improved and a careful review of its distribution has been started.

16. The first University publications, which are geared to the three programmes, have gone to press under the supervision of Academic Services.

17. The widespread nature of the University's activities imposes a severe burden on the Rector. The Rector, his staff, the Vice-Rectors and many core members of the staff si;ent a ma,ior portion of the year travelling throughout the world with a view to developing understanding and support for the University. There have been seven successful Consultative Meetings in different parts of the world, involving 458 persons from 39 countries. The fact that the senior staff were obliged to spend much of their time in fund-raising, however, constituted a special burden, causing a diversion from other activities.

18. The extension of research and training programmes, as envisaged in article VII of the Charter, has been planned by the three Programme Advisory Committees and in joint workshops:

( a) World Hunger Programme

19. By June 1978, the :,rorld Hune;er Proe;rc.r;-.If1e had established eight Associated. Institutions and negotiations were in progress to add another four institutions.

20. The specific projects within the Programme were concerned, as in 1976-1977, with human nutritional needs and their fulfilment, post-harvest conservations of food and food and nutrition objectives in national planninr, and development. The last of these projects is conceived of as providing the main focus. Reports were received from research projects concerned with protein and energy requirements in Guatemala, Ju.r:aica, the Republic of Korea and Thailand.

21. There was close co-operation with other United Nations agencies, including FAO, WHO, UNESCO and UNICEF, through other national and international scholarly bodies and membership in the Sub-Committee on Nutrition of the Administrative Committee on Co-ordination of the Secretariat. Two workshops were held to examine the interfaces of agriculture, food technology and nutrition - the first in the Philippines and the second in Hungary, which was organized jointly with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science. A workshop in Mexico considered the impact of price policies on nutrition,

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(b) Hum.an and Social Development Programme

22. The Programme, in its second year of operation, was pursued through a network of five Associated Institutions in Argentina, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Switzerland and Venezuela, and about 50 research units located throughout the world. This Programme brings together scholars from different disciplines, schools of thought, cultural traditions and ideologies.

23. In the examination of often difficult but always fundamental human issues, two major subprogrammes have been lau..riched ~ on problems of development and technology for development.

24. While the Programme is still in the course of evolution, three important events took place during the past year: a Latin American Programme Seminar was held in Mexico in November in co-operation with the Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales and El Colegio de Mexico; a conference on alternative visions of desirable societies was held in Mexico Ci t;y- in April in co-operation with the Third World Centre for Economic and Social Studies and with the World Future Studies Federation; and a conference on alternative ways of life was held in April in Cartigny, Switzerland, in co-operation with the Society for International Development.

25, There has been close co-operation with other bodies, including research centres in five continents. Among these bodies are five associated institutions, 25 research units concerned with goals, processes and indicators of social development, four units concerned with resee.rch and development in rural settings and seven research units concerned with the sharing of traditional technology.

26. There has also been close association with UNESCO, UNITAR, UNCTAD UNDP, UHIDO and the United Nations Advisory Committee on the Application of Science and Technology for Development.

( c) Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources

27. The Programme was initiated in February 1977, established its first Associated Institution in 1978 and is now negotiating with several others. The subprograrnrnes include topics in the field of the ecology of rural development in the hum.an tropics, the assessment of the application of knowledge to the problem of arid lands and energy in rural communities. Workshops were held in April and May 1978 in Algeria on solar energy, in Japan on coastal management and in the Philippines on resource systems.

28. There was close co-operation with other United Nations agencies, including FAO, UNEP and UNESCO. A project on highland-lowland interactive systems is complementary to the Man and the Biosphere Programme of UNESCO. There has also been co-operation with bilateral agencies and with scientific organizations such as the International Council of Scientific Unions, including the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment.

29. Before concluding the present report the Council of the University would like to emphasize three main points:

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(a) The expanded activities of the University in 1977--1978 now Hake it possible to assess its contribution to the United Nations system not merely in terms of aspiration, but of performance. The World Hunger Programme is the most advanced, but all three Programmes have passed from planning to practice.

(b) At the same time, three years is a short time in the life of a university and a one-year period is even more difficult to assess. Much of the year 1977-1978 was necessarily spent, at this stage of the University's development, in extensive and continuing consultations. The work of the University is still not known widely enough and frequent dialogue with individuals, institutions and Governments is required,

(c) The Council intends to evaluate critically the operations of the United Nations University, particularly the processes of implementation and application of its programmes, and to give an account of the results in future reports.

30" The contribution of the University as a new autonomous institution is specific and yet complementary to that of other academic bodies and of United Nations agencies, particularly UNESCO and UNITAR. It is part of the United Nations system and as such, it can have a wide impact rhrough its linkages to all parts of that system. Yet as an autonomous university, it can draw freely upon science and experience in diverse cultures and establish the conditions that encourage creative throught. It is charged by its charter (art. I, para. 2) with identifying "pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare 11 and with pursuing multidisciplinary purposes of research and training designed to deal with those problems. As such global problems multiply, they require radically new ways of ·approaching them.

31. The University, which is creating its own global network system across the boundaries of nations ·and of academic disciplines, was able to draw in 1977-1978 on the services of scholars from all parts of the world and on pioneering individuals and teams engaged in scattered community action throughout the world. It was seeking at every point to establish the conditions for creative research and for effective interchange.

32. The University's form of organization, along with its emphasis on tackling problems at different levels in a comprehensive framework, distinguishes it both from a traditional university and from other institutions. Yet, the University recognizes the need not only to initiate and, when necessary, to co-ordinate, but also to complement and to share. Although the global network system is unique, specificity rather than uniqueness is a better criterion for defining the objectives and content of each of its programmes.

33. The University made an increased impact on the public in 1977-1978, generating interest and enthusiasm in many parts of the world, including some of the developing countries, which 1001~ to its future development with great hopes. The Council was determined that the University would be in a position in 1978-1979 to increase further its impact and, in the long run, to justify the hopes it raises. Yet the Council reiterated its deep concern that, unless there were substantial improvement in the financial position in 1978-1979, it would be impossible to maintain and develop the present pattern, let alone extend it, and to realize the full potential of the University within the terms of its charter. The Council was united in drawing attention to this challenge, which is mandated by the terms of the University's charter.

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ANNEX I

Members of the United Nations University Council

Mr. Marcel Roche, Titular Investigator and former Director, Venezuelan Institute for Science Research, Caracas, Venezuela (Chairman of the Council).

Mr. Jacob Festus Ade-Ajayi, Vice-Chancellor, University of Lagos, Nigeria, and former Chairman of the Council of the United Nations University (1976-1977).

Mrs. Estefania Aldaba-Lim, Special Representative for the International Year of the Child, UNICEF, New York, and former Vice-President, Philippine Women's University.~

Mr. Pawel Bozyk, Professor of Economics, Central School of Planning and Statistics, Warsaw, Poland.~

Lord Briggs, Provost, Worcester College, Oxford University, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Mr. Carlos Chagas, Director, Institute of Biophysics, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. fJ:./

Mr. Wilbert Kumalija Chagula, Minister for Community Affairs, Arusha, United .,. Republic of Tanzania, and formerly Chairman, Tanzania National Scientific

Research Council.~

Mr. Jean Coulomb, President, Academy of Sciences, Paris, France.~

Mr. P. N. Dhar, Professor of Economics, Institute of Economic Growth, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India (Vice-Chairman).~

Mr. Shams E. El-Wakil, Ambassador, Permanent Delegate of Egypt to UNESCO, Paris, France, and former President de l'Universite Arabe de Beyrouth. §:/

Mr. Roger Gaudry, President, International Association of Universities, Montreal, Canada, former Rector of the University of Montreal and former Chairman of the Council of the United Nations University (1974-1975).

Mr. Hans Lowbeer, Chancellor of the Swedish Universities, Stockholm, Sweden.

Reverend Father Felipe E. MacGregor, former Rector, Catholic University, Lima, Peru. ~

Mr. Yoshinori Maeda, former President, Japan Broadcasting Corporation, Tokyo, Japan.

Mr. Abdelsalam Majali, Minister of Education and Minister of State for Prime Ministry Affairs, Amman, Jordan, and former President of the University of Jordan (Vice-Chairman).~

y Joined the Council in May 1977.

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Professor Malu wa Kalenga, Commissioner of Nuclear Sciences and Director of Kinshasa Regional Centre for Nuclear Studies, National University of Zaire, Kinshasa, Zaire.~

Mr. Antonio E. Marussi, Professor of Geodesy, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, University of Trieste, Italy.

Mr. Majid Rahnema, member of the Executive Board of UNESCO, Special Adviser to the Prime Minister and to the Imperial Organization of Social Services and former Minister for Science and Higher Education, Teheran, Iran.

Mr. Seydou Madani Sy, Rector, University of Dakar, Senegal (Vice-Chairman).

Mr. Stephan Verosta, Professor of International Law, International Relations and Jurisprudence, Vienna, Austria (Vice-Chairman). 2:}

Mr. Edward W. Weidner, Chancellor, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States of America.

Mrs. Ines Wesley Tanaskovic, UNESCO National Commission of Yugoslavia, and Professor of Informatics, Medical Academy, Belgrade, Yugoslavia (Vice-Chairman).~

Mr. Eric Eustace Williams, Prime Minister, Trinidad and Tobago.

Ms• Keniz Fatima Yusuf, former Secretary, National Edi...cation Council, Ministry of Education, Islamabad, Pakistan.

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ANNEX II

Chairman of the Council of the United Nations University~ present officers and members or·standing committees

Chairman of the Council: Mr. Marcel Roche

Vice-Chairmen of the Council: Mr. P. N. Dhar

Chairman of' the Committee on Programme and Institutional

Mr. Abdelsalam Majali Mr. S • Madani Sy Mr. Stephan Verosta Mrs. Ines Wesley Tanaskovic

Relations: ~ Mr. Maj id Rahnema

Chairman of' the Committee on Finance and Budget: Mr. Stephan Verosta

Committee members: Mr. W. K. Chagula Mr. Roger Gaudry M..r. Hans Lowbeer Mr. Y. Maeda Ms • I<". F. Yusuf

a/ All Council members participate in the Committee on Programme and Institutional Relations.

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ANNEX III

Report of the Rector of the United Nations University to the Council of the United Nations University

(June 1977-June 1978)

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CONTENTS

Chapter

L

II.

III.

Introduction . . . . . . . . Highlights of the third year

Programme activities . . . . . . . . A. General . . . . . . . . .

B.

1. Focus and interrelations of the programmes.

Joint programme activities ••

Programme Advisory Committees

. . . . . . .

. . . 2.

3.

4. United Nations University fellowships

World Hunger Programme • • • . . . . . . . 1. Associated Institutions

2. Applied research projects . . . . . . . . 3, Workshops and technical meetings •

4. Programme co-ordination and collaboration with the United Nations system •••••

5. Advisory Committee meeting . . . . C. Human and Social Development Programme •

D.

1. The University as a critical forum on development • • • • . • • • • • •

2.

3.

4.

Problems of Development

Technology and Development

Education for Development . . . Prograrmne on the Use and Management of Natural Resources ••••••••

1. The ecological basis for rural development in the humid tropics • • • • • • • • • • • •

2. Assessment of the application of knowledge to problems of arid lands • • • • ••

Energy for rural communities •

E. Services in support of programmes

• • • Iii

. . . . . 1. Consultative meetings . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Academic Services . . . . . . . . . . .

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Parai:i:raphs Page

1 - 5 14

6 - 13 15

14 - 139 17

16 - 28 17

16 17

17 - 21 19

22 19

23 - 28 20

29 - 56 24

30 - 42 24

43 - 46 28

47 - 49 28

50 - 54 33

55 - 56 33

57 - 84 34

60 - 63 39

64 - 72 40

73 - 80 42

81 - 84 43

85 - 120 44

88 - 102 45

103 - 108 50

109 - 120 51

121 - 139 53

121 - 130 53

131 - 134 55

CONTENTS (continued)

Chapter

IV.

V.

3,

4. Information Services •••

Administrative Services

. . . . .

Fund-raising, and finance and budget •• . . . . A.

B.

Fund-raising ••••

Finance and budget •

1. . . . .

. . . . . . . .

. . . . . . 2.

Income •••

Expenditures . . . Council of the University . . . . . . . . . . .

VI. Review of the University's first three years ••

1.

2.

3.

4.

5,

6.

7.

8.

9.

Major constraints . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fulfilment of the University's mandate.

Identification of pressing global problems •

Contribution to understanding, knowledge and expertise • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

World Hunger Programme • • • . . . . . . . . Human and Social Development Programme •

Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources •••••••••••

Joint Programme activities • • · • • • • . . . Growth and enhancement of the international community of scholars •••••••••••

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Paragraphs

135 - 137

138 - 139

140 - 154

1lio - 148

149 - 154

149 - 151

1;2 - 154

155 - 162

163 - 181

164 - 167

168

169

170 - 171

172

173 - 175

176 - 177 178

179 - 181

56

56

58

58

60

60 60

63

66

66

67 67

67 68 68

70

I . INTRODUCTION

1. The United Nations University, as expanded rapidly during the paGt year. stated in its charter, has now clearly

an international community of scholars, has The vision of such a community, explicitly

become reality.

2. The experience and perspectives gained in developing this unique new institution and its world-wide programmes have enabled the University to give increasing unity and coherence to its programmes. Perhaps the most exciting intellectual event in the University's young history took place in April 1978, when scholars and scientists from a number of disciplines and from many parts of the world, who serve on its three Programme Advisory Committees, met jointly for the first time to consider increased programme interaction and to launch joint activities in different parts of the world.

3. The recognition that problems of human survival, development and welfare are all of one piece led to the creation of the University in the first place. The need to unify research efforts on serious world problems along interdisciplinary and intercultural lines and reflecting diverse ideological perspectives is urgent (yet it challenges the most ingrained practices of the scientific mind. It demands substantial and persistent effort to prevent the fragmentation of knowledge due to academic specialization and the lack of a truly global intellectual dialogue). The University has encountered a willingness around the globe on the part of many members of the scholarly and scientific community to work together in such a unified and sustained effort in helping to solve "pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare" through research, advanced training and dissemination of knowledge.

4. Yet, while the ability and willingness to co-operate is one thing, the means to promote actively and organize carefully such international scientific co-operation is another. Here it cannot be stressed too forcefully that the financing of the University is at a critical stage. If more Member States do not soon contribute generously to the University's Endowment Fund, the viability and effectiveness of the University envisioned by its charter and so clearly endorsed by large segments of the world's intellectual community will be put at issue.

5. The present report to the Council on the third year of the United Nations University covers more than is normal for an annual report. As the University is a very young institution and therefore not well known in many parts of the world, it is also useful to present a cumulative report of its development since it opened its headquarters at Tokyo in September 1975. The present report, therefore, concludes with a review of the first three years of the University.

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II. HIGHLIGHTS OF THE THIRD YEAR

6. From June 1977 to June 1978, the United Nations University expanded its international network of scholars and institutions to more than 50 countries, provided advanced training to almost 60 United Nations University Fellows, issued its first research publications, held further regional consultations with academic, scientific and governmental leaders and continued intensive efforts to solicit contributions to its Endowment Fund. The highlights of the third year are outlined in the following paragraphs.

A. Programme activities

1, World Hunger Programme

7, The World Hunger Programme has made substantial contributions to knowledge about human nutrition requirements, post-harvest food conservation and nutrition and food policy plan..~ing. The Programme expanded its network of associated institutions from three to eight; completed during 1977-1978 the advanced training of 20 United Nations University Fellows and 7 Senior Fellmrs at institutions in Guatemala, India and the Philippines; and started the training of 30 other Fellows. It completed seven research projects by Fellows and two others by research grantees. It also held a meeting in Mexico on the impact of food price policies on nutrition and another meeting in Hungary on interfaces of agriculture, food science and nutrition.

2. Human and Social Development Programme

8. Through this Programme, the University initiated its role as a world forum on development issues and ideas. The Programme started research projects involving scholars in some 50 universities and research institutions in some 40 countries. Five associated institutions were established in Argentina, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Switzerland and Venezuela. Two meetings of its Advisroy Committee were held, as well as several project meetings and the first United Nations University regional seminar (for Latin American scholars). Activities were launched leading to an education programme on development among all three programmes of the University.

3, Use and Management of Natural Resources Programme

9, Under this Programme, initial research projects were commissioned which were designed to improve the organization and application of existing knowledge to energy and ecology needs of the developing world. The first associated institution was established in Costa Rica, and associations are being negotiated in Algeria, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, Nigeria, Papua New Guinea, the Sudan and Thailand. A fellowship training programme was established and planning meetings and workshops were held. A sol'll" energy information service operating from Japan is now being set up, and a handbook on the state of the world's natural resrouces is in preparation.

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B. Programme support activities

1. Consultative meetings

10. Seven meetings were held, involving 458 persons from 39 countries, to explain the University and its programmes and to consult with academic, scientific and government leaders. In the last months of 1977, meetings were held at Caracas, Washington, Ottawa and Tokyo. In early 1978, consultative meetings took place in New DElhi, Doha and Athens.

2, Academic Services

11. In addition to the scientific meetings held by the three priority programmes, the University's efforts for the dissemination of knowledge also included the initiation of three series of programme publications by Academic Services. Seven reports were issued and a number of others are now being processed.

3. Information Services

12, With the appointment of a Director of Information, the University's information programme has been strengthened. An Information Liaison Office for Europe was established in London. The world-wide distribution of a film about the University began.

C. Fund-raising activities

13. Visits to Governments of Member States continued to solicit their contributions to the Endowment Fund. Since June 1977, 27 countries have been visited for this purpose and to date, 19 Governments have made contributions and pledges, while several others are initiating action towards such moves. The Governments of the following 19 States have contributed: Austria, Cyprus, Ghana, Greece, Holy See, India, Japan, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland,-Ttmisia, Venezuela and Zaire.

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III. PROGRAMME ACTIVITIES

14. Before presenting the work of the University's three priority Programmes, it is useful to consider their focus and interrelations and the joint activities which were initiated in the past year. A brief explanation of the programme Advisory Committees and of the United Nations University fellowships is then made.

15. Figure 1 below is a diagram presenting the principal components of the University's initial priority Programmes - the World Hunger Programme, the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources and the Human and Social Development Programme. On pages 21 and 22 are maps showing: (a) the geographical distribution of members of the Council and of the three programme Advisory Committees (figure 2), and (b) the location of present and projected associated institutions (figure 3). In the sections dealing with the individual programmes, network maps provide further evidence of the world-wide, decentralized activities of the University (figures 4, 6 and 7).

A. General

1. Focus and interrelations of the programmes

16. The World Hunger Programme is focused on the most basic material human need: adequate nourishment for all human beings. It is concerned with identifying and filling important gaps in knowledge about nourishment and with public policy problems concerning the availability of adequate food to people. The Human and Social Development Programme is concerned with the knowledge and, perhaps even more important, the new perspectives needed.to improve attempts to strengthen human and social development throughout the world. The Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is concerned with the utilization of natural resources to improve the standard and quality of life. It is thus deeply involved with problems of resource and energy production as well as with the management of the environment, all of which affect human and social development.

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I I-' O> I

CO~!O:!I ODJECTIV ES:

I l'ROGR.\.~IE ARtA S:

11 WORLD HUNGER

1:

!1,\.!0lt

TP.r-:'!J:;S, SUll­

PROCr.A'l:-lES

PROJECTS:

Pllst-lfarves Food Conser v,Jtion

t -

I Increased Food Avail- Improved Food ability and Incentives Distribution to Production and Family

Consumption

I Food and Nutrition Aspects in National Development Planning

I I I

Ru1n.:in ·Agriculture, Nutritional Food :and Nu-Requil:'ements trition In-

terfoces -----

Figure 1

United Nations Uni~ersity Initial programmes - 1978

llUMAN SURVIVAL, DEVELOI'MEtlT /,ND ',.'EI.FARE

T -----+-----J II II II Rl!MAN AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENTJI

I

I

c~ncepts and Strate- Technology and Devel-gies of ,evelopmenc opment

I I Coals, Processes Socio-Cultural Rand D sys-and Indicators Comps.rative tems in Rura.l . of Development Evaluation of Settings _,_

Development Alternatives

I I Sharing of

llumnn Alterna- Traditional Righttt tive Technology ........ and De- Life-velop- Styles ment

Hust AND MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL II RESOURCES

Ecology Energy (Critical Zones) (for Rural

Communities}

I I

Assessment ol Ecological I Application !Iasis of Solar of Knowledge Rural De-to A'l"id Landi velopment; Problems in the Humid

Tropics Bioconversion

I Transfer of Technology -·Japanese Ex- ' Rural.Energy Geothermal I pericnce Systems ,,...-· i--------

Technology Trnnsfcr Agro-l'ol:'est-

ry Systems among Devel-oping Count- Resource .ries Syscen:s

W:1ter..:Land lnter.:iccivc Systems

Highlmul-Lowland Inter Active Systems I

2. Joint Programme activities

17. From the outset, the University has sought to maximize interaction among its three programmes because the problems they deal with are interrelated and their understanding and practical solution involve complex factors that all the programmes must take into account. Thus, because of the many interfaces among the three priority programmes of the University, every opportunity is being taken to co-ordinate and integrate their efforts. This is achieved through Council discussions, University staff meetings, joint meetings of members of the Programme Advisory Committees and joint workshops. In April 1978, the members of the steering conimittee of the three Programme Advisory Committees, the progra:rnme and project co-ordinators and the University staff met for the first ti~e at University headquarters in Tokyo.

18. On that occasion, a joint steering committee meeting of the World Hunger Programme and the Human and Social Development Programme waE also held to develop plans for joint studies on goals and indicators for food and nutrition poTicy planning. Future joint activities will be developed by the two Pror,rafQ:"'leS in the common area of sharing endogenous technology, with special reference to village­level post-harvest food conservation.

19. Earlier, the World Hunger Programme and the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources developed a joint project on microbial processing of organic residues at the village level for animal feeding. At a planning meeting, held in March 1978 in Athens, the staff of the two Programmes met with experts in this field from FAO, UNESCO, the International Federation of Institutes for Advanced Studies and the Institute for Animal Nutrition Research, the Netherlands, to design a continuing programme of work in this field. An initial activity will be a joint workshop on bioconversion of organic residues for rural communities, to be held in Guatemala in November 1978, The use of solar energy in food drying is another area where the two Programmes will evolve joint activities in the future. -- -- -- -- -- ------

20. The Human and Social Development Programme is initiating for the University an international educational prograniwe._calJ.ed P,;g.u.eation for Development. Through the educational activities of this ·evolving. Programme~ the three priority Programmes can jointly disseminate the results of their research and involve in their discussion and utilization many scholars and decision-makers throughout the world. At the same time, the educational activities would help countries to design educational programmes that will promote a greater awareness of global interdependence and the need for international co..operation in solving common problems. ·

21. The University staff is considering more interprogramme activities dealing with the interfaces among the three Programmes. Thus, interaction among the three Programmes is becoming a more distinctive characteristic of the University as the Programmes develop more fully.

3. Programme Advisory Committees

22. Each programme is assisted by an Advisory Committee made up of leading scholars and scientists from the world-wide academic community. Collectively,

-19-

these committees increase the visibility of the United Nations University throughout the world and provide the University with a continuing and critical planning and evaluation capability.

4. United Nations University fellowships

23. The main objective of the University fellowships is to train professionals in multidisciplinary applied research and in policy formulation and planning for appropriate posts in key institutions in developing countries.

24. Fellowship selection includes a preliminary assessment of a potential candidate and his institutional environment by a University representative or a University-nominated site visitor. Following a favourable assessment, a candidate is evaluated by a selection committee in the University-associated institution where training is proposed.

25. Appraisal during the training period includes periodic reporting by the Fellows, assessment by the tutor/adviser in the institution and evaluation by the selection committee periodically and after completion of training. Upon recommendation by the associated institution, Fellows who satisfactorily complete training receive a certificate issued jointly by the associated institution and the University.

26. To date, United Nations University fellowships have been awarded to 50 ~ersons, 9 of whom are warren. 'Ibey come from 23 cot:ntries in Africa, Asia, Latin P.merica and the Middle East. Twenty have completed their prograILille of study and 29 are presently in training.

27. In addition, United Nations University senior fellowships are awarded to heads of applied research and training institutions or departments in universities to enable them to visit appropriate associated institutions and to observe the organization and management of research, including project planning and evaluation.

28. The selection of Senior Fellows is made by the University staff. To date, seven Fellows from Indonesia, Mexico, the Sudan, Thailand and the United Republic of Tanzania have visited associated institutions.

-20-

I r.:, .... I

• • -I

Geographical distribution of members of the Council and of the Advisory Committees

G a J ~

.. !:;;)· ..

-•• • ■

.·

Members of the Council t::;, u/> Members of the Advisory Committee of the Human

and Social Development Programme

Members of the Advisory Cammi t tee of the Natural Resources Programme

Members of the Advisory Committee of the World Hunger Programme

rti I\) I

University of Reykyavik

Hague Acadany of International law

Associated institutions of the United Nations University

® Actual

• Projected

Figure 3

Associated institutions of the United Nations Universitz

~ ...

J~ ~ ·@ Institute of

Develop.mg F.conomies

..

".

ASSOCIATED INSTITUTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY

1. World Hunger Programme

2.

(a) Actual:

(i) Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala, Guatemala;

(ii) Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India;

(iii) Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines;

(iv) Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Santiago, Chile;

(v) Tropical Products Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

(vi) Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation, Caracas, Venezuela;

(vii) International Food and Nutrition Policy Program, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusets, United States of America;

(viii) Center for Research in Nutrition, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.

(b) Projected:

(i) National Food Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan;

(ii) Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Legan, Ghana;

(iii) Institute of Food Technology, Dakar, Senegal;

(iv) Institute of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Teheran, Iran.

Human and Social Development Programme

(a) Actual:

(i) Institute of Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland;

(ii) Marga Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka;

(iii) El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico;

(iv) Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, Japan;

(v) Latin-American Faculty of Social Sciences, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

(b) Projected:

(i) Bu-Ali Sina University, Ramadan, Iran;

-23-

I'

(ii) Central University of Venezuela (CEJITDES), Venezuela;

(iii) Hague Academy of International Law, Netherlands;

(iv) African Institute for Economic Development and Planning (IDEP), Dakar, Senegal.

3, Natural Resources Programme

(a) Actual:

Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica.

(b) Pro,iected:

(i) University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria;

(ii) Bogar Agricultural University, Begor, Indonesia;

(iii)

(iv)

(v)

(vi)

(vii)

Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;

The University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea;

' University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan;

Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran;

University of Reykjavik and the National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, Iceland;

(viii) National Organization for Scientific Research, Algiers, Algeria.

B. World Hunger Programme

29. In the past year, the World Hunger Programme continued to emphasize the multidisciplinary and practical approach essential for helping to solve the problems of global hunger and malnutrition. Programme activities are presently organized into three subprogrammes: (a) Human Nutritional Needs and their Fulfilment; (b) Post-Harvest Conservation of Food; and (c) Food and Nutrition Objectives in National Planning and Development. The central focus of the World Hunger Programme is the third subprogramme; the other two subprogrammes are contributory to it. In conjunction.with-these three, research will include the interrelations and irtteractions of agriculture, food science and nutrition. Through these closely related and mutually reinforcing activities, work is going on at the World Hunger Programme Associated Institutions.

1. Associated Insti tu.tions

30. As at June 1978, the following.eight associated institutions vhave been established in as many different countries to work within the framework of the World Hunger Programme:

-24-

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)

( f)

Institute of Nutrition of Central .America and Panama (INCAP), Guatemala;

Central Food Technological Research Institute (CFTRI), Mysore, India;

Nutrition Center of the Philippines (NCP), Manila;

Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), Santia~o, Chile;

Tropical Products Institute (TIP), London;

Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research (IVIC), Caracas;

(g) International Food and Nutriiion Policy Programme (IFNP) of the Department of Nutrition and Food Science and the Center for International Studies, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and the Harvard School of Public Health, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of .America;

(h) Center for Research in Nutrition (CRN), Laval University, Quebec City, Canada.

31. Fellows in the University's research and training programme at the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala are involved in activities relevant to the three subprogrammes. This gives them a better understanding of the multifaceted nature of world hunger problems, the multidisciplinary ·research needed and the multisectoral approaches to their solution. Applied research projects undertaken by the fellows include:

(a) Studies on the effect of energy intake on protein requirements of Central American pre-school-age children in determining the most favourable energy-protein ratio in local diets;

(b) Biochemical and physiological studies to determine the consequences of new national programmes of salt iodization;

(c) Work on the nutritional value and physical characteristics of Nigerian diets and development of inexpensive, practical approaches to modify them to increase their nutritional potential;

(d) Studies on ways of meeting iron needs through diet enrichment, and the implications of iron deficiency with special reference to effects on immune response status;

(e) Research on population factors and characteristics as determinants of infant mortality rates, and the effect of nutrition and other means to modify them;

(f) Studies on the contribution that plant breeding can make to selecting better varieties of legumes, with higher nutritional value, and physical and chemical characteristics more suitable for processing with low-cost technology.

32. The Central Food and Technological Research Institute in Indig offers facilities for the study and investigation of problems of post-harvest conservation and preservation and processing of foods, directed particularly to the typical needs of developing countries. The applied research initiated by the Fellows as part of their training includes the following:

-25-

(a) Development and testing of inexpensive packages made from indigenous material to prevent losses of grains, fruits and vegetables during handling, storage and transportation;

(b) Development of simple methods of preservation of fruits for off-season use, with particular reference to preservation of fruits and vegetables in the form of concentrates;

(c) Utilization of oil-seed meals for the development of nutritious food for child-feeding progtammes;

(d) Development of appropriate models for the efficient management of research and development institutions in the area of food science and technology in the developing countries;

(e) Primary processing of cereal grains;

(f) Development of a training programme in food science and technolof!Y in the Sudan.

33. An FAO Expert Consultative Meeting on simple technologies for conservation, milling and processing of grain legumes was held at the Central Food Technological Research Institute in Mysore during November 1977, The Fellows at the Institute and two Fellows from the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama took part in the meeting.

34. Three training cycles involving University Fellows have been completed by the Nutrition Center of the Philippines. The training has provided opportunities for the Fellows to plan and implement food and nutrition programmes at national and community levels, and included several weeks of practical training in rural areas.

35. During the last week of the third training cycle, the Center arranged for a World Hunger Programme study mission of 11 senior health programme administrators from the countries of the participating University Fellows. The purpose was to familiarize the visitors with the University-Nutrition Center training programme. By informing them about the content and objectives of the training, it is expected that they will be able to make better use of the Fellows after their return. Some of the mission members indicated that, in keeping with this, Fellows from their countries trained earlier had returned to positions of responsibility in the area of food and nutrition planning.

36. The following five interlinked projects being undertaken at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology in Chile deal with human nutritional requirements and the capacity of local diets to satisfy them, and with food and nutrition objectives in national development planning:

(a) Iron deficiency anaemia in infancy and its prevention;

(b) Evaluation of a Chilean mixed diet to meet the protein and energy requirements of adults in low-income groups under customary livin~ conditions;

(c) Role of education motivP.tion in stimulating breast-feeding in marginal urban communities;

-26-

(d) Evaluation of environmental sanitation as a tool for nutrition improvement;

(e) The purchasing power of low-income urban families and its e£fects on food consumption as a basis for developing economic indices to predict the groups susceptible to high nutritional deficiency.

The results of these investigations can be used in planning suitable programmes for nutrition improvement throughout Latin America and in many other countries.

37. Association with the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research extends its effective programme of applied research on the problem of human iron deficiency to other Latin American countries. It wili contribute to its prevention through the identification of suitable foods and procedures for iron fortification in these countries, and in other parts of the world. The Venezuelan Institute co-ordinates its research with the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala and with the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology in Chile.

38. The Tropical Products Institute in London provides training in post-harvest food conservation supplementary to that at the Central Food Technological Research !nstitute in India. It is one of the leading centres for the study of post-harvest problems, including the various scientific, technological and economic issues arising in post-harvest handling, processing, preservation and storage, quality control, marketing and utilization of food as renewable natural resources. The Institute is particularly well placed to offer Fellows from Africa experience in practical research in selected areas of food conservation.

39. The International Food and Nutrition Policy Program of the MIT-Harvard Consortium offers Fellows multidisciplinary training that includes nutrition and food science as well as the social, economic, political, administrative and public health considerations necessary in the improvement of the nutritional status of developing countries. Formal training is followed by field experience in the Philippines, Guatemala or India.

40. The Centre for Research in Nutrition of Laval University in Canada will provide Fellows with training and applied research experience, designed specifically for Fellows from French-speaking Africa, in post-harvest food conservation and food and nutrition policy considerations in planning.

41. The World Hunger Programme is also negotiating associations with the following institutions:

(a) Department of Nutrition and Food Science of the University of Ghana, Legan, in collaboration with the other University departments, the Institute for Statistical, Social and Economic Research, the Food Research Institute and the Institute for Population Studies;

(b) Institut de Technologie Alimentaire, Dakar, Senegal;

(c) Institute of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Teheran, Iran;

(d) National Food Research Institute, Japan.

-27-

! I

42. The associations being developed with the Department of Nutrition and Food Science at the University of Ghana and with the Institute in Senegal are intended to strengthen their applied research activities and to help them to develop appropriate training programmes. The Centre for Research in Nutrition of Laval University will lend particular assistance to the development of the Institute at Dakar. The Institute of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology in Iran is expected to become the World Hunger Programme's twelfth associated institution later in 1978, and an association ~ith the National Food Research Institute in Japan is under discussion. This institution could provide training for Asian and other scientists that would help reduce the nearly one third of harvested rice lost in milling and processing.

2. Applied research projects

43. Research project grants are awarded by the Programme to support the training of Fellows and to help strengthen applied research competence and research networks in developing countries. The research projects will yield new knowledge for application in solving food and nutrition problems.

44. To help fill a clear gap in existing knowledge of human nutritional needs, the World Hunger Programme is concentrating on the problem of protein and energy requirements under conditions prevailing in developing countries. The research instruments developed at the World Hunger Programme technical workshop held early in 1977 are being tested through University-supported studies in five research centres and through studies in three other research centres without United Nations University financial assistance. With respect to iron deficiency anaemia and vitamin A deficiency, two other serious types of malnutrition, grants are being awarded for research to supplement work already being carried out by other ~cups and agencies and where knowledge gaps hampering decision-making are clearly identified. University research on iron utilization is being carried out in this manner at the Institute of Nutrition and Technology and the Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Research.

45. Practical research projects on post-harvest conservation of food have been initiated. Several Fellows trained in this area will soon return to their positions and are expected to develop appropriate research programmes.

46. Research on important aspects of food and nutrition policy and planning is urgently required for the formulation of realistic objectives. To remedy the lack of competent researchers in this area, the University proposes to develop and support fellowship training through its association with the MIT-Harvard Consortium's International Food and Nutrition po]icy Program. The networks of the World Hunger Programme are shown on the following pages.

3. Workshops and technical meetinP,s

47. The University initiated its -workshops on the interfaces of agriculture, food science and nutrition in Ibadan, Nigeria, in 1976. This was followed by another one in Los Banos, Philippines, in 1977, The cost of both was shared with the Rockefeller Foundation. The third was held in June 1978 in Hungary, jointly with the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Science.

-28-

A fourth workshop will be held in October 1978 at the Institute of' Nutrition of Central America and Panama in Guatemala, with the participation of' the National Institute for Agricultural Research in El Salvador, the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture in Colombia, the International Centre for Wheat and Maize Research in Mexico and the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture in Costa Rica. Future workshops are planned for Latin America, Iran, Indonesia and East Africa. The proceedings of the Los Banos workshop will be available in the autumn of 1978.

48. A technical workshop on protein and energy needs in developing countries was held in Costa Rica early in 1977. In July 1978, a meeting will be held to finalize the draft report for publication in order to incorporate significant new research findings.

-29-

Network of Associated Institutions

Actual @

Projected ® Ill Network of Fellows

• Network of Research grantees

Figure 4

Network of the World Hunger Programme

,.,.....,.01 , -- ..

•

C

WORLD HUNGER PROGRAMME

1. Associated Institutions

(a) Actual / A/

(i) INCAP

(ii) CFTRI (iii) NCP (iv) INTA

(v) TPI

(vi) IVIC

(vii) IFNP

(viii) CRN

Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala, Guatemala.

Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mvsore, India. Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Manila, Ph1.L1pP1.nes. Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Santiago, Chile. Tropical Products Institute, London, United Kingdom of""ar'eat

Britain and Northern Ireland. Venezuelan Institute for Scientific Investigation,

Caracas~ Venezuela. International Food and Nutrition Policy Program, M.I.T.­

Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America. Center for Research in Nutrition, Laval University,

Quebec, Canada.

(b) Pro,1ected /P/

(i) (ii)

(iii) (iv)

NFRI DNFS

ITA INSFT

National Food Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan. Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana,

Legan, Ghana. Institute of Food Technology, Dakar, Senegal. Institute of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Iran.

2. List of United Nations University-World Hunger Programme Fellows trained in various University Associated Institutions /F/

Country.

Institute of Nutrition of Central .America and Panama, Guatemala (INCAP)

Mr, Fernando J. MEDRANO Mr. Alberto F. LEVY Mr. Hector AR.AY.A Mrs. Elvira de MEJIA Mr. Ismail NOOR Mr. Hugo AMIGO§:/ Mr. M. C. GUPTA Mr. Erwin AGUILAR-GAMEZ Mr. Jesus CHAMORRO Mr. Miguel A. ORTIZ Mr. Concepcion MENDOZA Mr. Jaime RESTREPO Miss Margarita MATTA Miss Silvia COTO Mr. Jorge DEL PINAL a/ Mr. Alfredo LAM-SANCHEZ~ Mr. Alejandro O'DONNELL~ Mr. A. 0. KETIKU !!:/

-31-

Guatemala Colombia Chile Mexico Malaysia Nicaragua India Nicaragua Colombia Guatemala Colombia Colombia Guatemala Guatemala Guatemala Brazil Argentina Nigeria

Country

Central Food Technological Research Institute. M.vsore. India (CF'TRI)

Mr. Cheikh N'DIAYE Mr. Ali Abdalla el MUBARAK Mr. John DEI,-TUTU Hr. John BARTELS Mr. Abdul Aziz THIAM Mr. Bamm 'me DIALLA Mrs. Brita BRANDTZAEG Miss Dorothy MUNTEMBA Mr. H. ·:s. WILLI.AMS :Mr. M. T. K.APUTO Mr. K. E. YASSIN Mr. Oluwole OLATUNJI a/ Mr. A. G. H. KHATTAB a/ Mr. A. EL TINAY y -

Senegal Sudan Ghana Ghana Senegal Senegal Norway Zambia Liberia Zambia Sudan Nigeria Sudan Sudan

Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Manila~ Philippines (NCP)

~-1iss Prance KAOCHABERN a/ Mr. Salihuddin SOFYAN -Miss Angela CHIA a/ Mr. Henry EUGENIO-a/ Miss Betty LWIN a/-_Miss Daw Hi Yi HLA a/ Miss V. SUVAl'lEE a/ -Mr. Muhammed Abdill MALEK a/ Mr. Bin H. M. A. Ab MALEK-a/ Mr. Robert B. B. BRIONES a/ Mr. Benny SOEGI.ANTO §/ -Mr. Lokman Hakim MOHD JASAN Mr. HLA MYINT Mr. HARYOKO Mrs. Supunnee PURIPHOL Mrs. Suchint WONGCHOOSIE Mr. Michael PARK Mr. N. V. MAJ.ARUCON

Thailand Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Burma Burma Thailand Bangladesh Malaysia Philippines Indonesia Malaysia Burma Indonesia Thailand Thailand Republic of Korea Philippines

United Nations University-World Hunger Programme research grantees /G/

Hr. Aree V ALYASEVI Miss Ann ASHWORTH Mr. Jin Soon JU Hr. Luis FAJARDO Mr. Benjamin TORUN Mr. Hecftor. B()URGES

~ Fellows who have completed their training.

-32-

Thailand Jamaica Republic of Korea Colombia Guatemala Mexico

49. A technical workshop on the impact of food-price policies on nutrition was held in March 1978 in Mexico, jointly with the Centro de Estudios Econ6micos y Sociales del Tercer Mundo. The workshop examined the impact on food comsumption and nutrition of different economic policies affecting food prices in various Latin .American countries. Priority areas for further sutdy and the most appropriate methodologies to be used were defined.

4. Programme co-ordination and collaboration with the United Nations system

50, Co-ordination of Programme activities is presently undertaken through the meetings of the World Hunger Programme Advisory Committee and its Steering Committee, the Sub-Committees on Fellowship and on Research, the meetings of the Resident Co-ordinators of associated institutions, United Nations University staff visits to associated institutions and exchange visits among institutions. The part-time Interregional Co-ordinators appointed under the World Hunger Programme early in 1978 play an important role in co-ordinating the activities of the various associated institutions in addition to their other duties.

51. The University has concluded agreements for co-operation and co-ordination in all activities relevant to the World Hunger Programme with the World Health Organization (WHO), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) and the World Food Council. Close collaboration with other United Nations agencies will be maintained through the participation of senior officials in the food and nutrition programmes of these agencies as experts in the World Hunger Programme Advisory Committee meetings.

52, The University is also represented on the Sub-Committee on Nutrition of the United Nations Administrative Committee on Co-ordination (ACC), a new body established to harmonize all nutrition activities in the United Nations system, and to initiate appropriate new activities towards reducing global malnutrition.

53. The University contributes to the training of high-quality manpower needed • in developing countries for implementation of activities of the other United

Nations agencies concerned with the elimination of world hunger. In this regard, activities of the University and FAQ in the field of post-harvest food conservation are complementary. The United Nations University-World Hunger Programme fellowship training will assist the FAO projects by providing trained manpower to guide or manage these projects.

54. In co-operation with the ACC Sub-Committee on Nutrition, the World Hunger Programme has taken over publication of the former PAG Bulletin. This bulletin had been issued by the former Protein-Calorie Advisory Group of the United Nations system. The new periodical, called The Food and Nutrition Bulletin, will carry technical articles and information on the world hunger problem and the efforts to combat it, with special attention to the work of the World Hunger Programme.

5. Advisory Committee meeting

55. The World Hunger Programme Advisory Committee held its second meeting from 17 to 21 October 1977 at the Institute of Nutrition of Central .America and Panama

-33-

in Guatemala. Reviewing the work of the Programme since its first year, the Advisory Committee emphasized the need for various ways of linking the World Hunger Programme Associated Institutions so that they can benefit from their wide variety of experiences and standardize procedures and co-ordinate network and programme development efforts.

56. The Committee indicated that the long-tem academic future of the University would depend considerably on the successful development of the fellowship training and on the fullest utilization of the experience of the Fellows after their return to their home countries. Both the associated institutions and the Fellows are expected to help in evolving effective networks of institutions through which the University can pursue its goals.

C. Human and Social Development Programme

57. During the past year, in its second year of operation, the Human and Social Development Programme concentrated on continued clarification of its underlying assumptions and on building its network of research institutions around the world in order to advance the formulation, organization and implementation of its research projects and activities. As a result, the nature and role of the Programme have been delineated and increasing numbers of scholars have begun to work together in internationally co-ordinated networks in search of new goals, processes and indicators of development and of ways to improve the technical basis of life among the rural poor in developing countries. The Prograrrme now has a network of five associated institutions in Argentina, Mexico, Sri Lanka and Switzerland and Venezuela end about 50 research units world-wide (see figure 6 and list on p. 37).

58. Because of the diverse backgrounds of the co-operating scholars, their collaboration reflects different schools of thought, cultural traditions, ideologies and disciplinary approaches. Thus, the foundations are being laid for the University, as the academic arm of the United Nations, to serve as a critical forum for the international academic and scientific community on development problems and alternatives.

59. The Human and Social Development Programme is implementing its research projects and activities under two subprogrammes: Problems of Development and Technology and Development, and an area called Education for Development. As si1own in figure 5 below, the Programme's major components are as follows:

(a) Subprogramme on Problems of Development:

(i) Research project on goals, processes and indicators of development;

(ii) Research project on socio-cultural development alternatives in a changing world;

(iii) Research activity on human rights in the context of development;

(b) Subprogramme on Technology and Development :

(i) Research project on sharing of traditional technology;

-34-

I lAl VI I

EOVCATION FOIi

0EYEl0'1'EIIT

I lnter•Pro9re­Actlvl ty

Figure 5

Human and Social Development Programme

Conceptual chart

______ lnter11atlonel, Netlon•I Soclo•Econo~I~ end Polltlcel Structures ______ ..,

r-------------~----------ll!lpact of Techno109·1cal -----------+-----------. Se lf•re 11 a nee

\ r- MU111an Needs (M1terl1I 7 \ 1nd llon•Haterlal)

uellty of Life Deveto,,...nt Alternet"lves

LIFI STYLES ANO

UIIIIANI ZATION

Under Conslderatlo11

I (At1thro~logy , Socloloty)

11.,l,.., tevelop.,.llt

l!etHrch 0rt1t1I 11tlon1

NUMAN "ICHTS, PEACE AND.

INTERNATIONAL LAW

Research Actlvl ty

{lell Special lsts)

1..L lnut tutl011

SOCIO-CULTURAL COMPARATIVE

EVALUI\TIOII OF' D[VEI.OPHEHT

ALTERllATIVES

I (HuN11 Sclet1ces)

b9L11al lt11tl tutea

Change and Ur.bani u tlon

Tecl,nology TraMfor11111tlol'I , Development

Technology

COALS, PROCESSES ANO INDICATORS OF D£VELO?ll£NT

SHARING OF ENDOCENOUS TECHNOLOGY

1111 tlal Research Projects

I (~uantltatlve (Anthropotou

Social Sciences) , Soclology)

f._____,J I

World Hunger ,ro9ra-

IIESEAP.CH AND DEVELOPMENT SYSTEIIS IN IIUI\AL SETTINGS

(Natural S~let1ces)

f Natural

lesource1 ,,ogr.-

to11dltlo11s of ;:i Tech,,ology Transfer

- Industrial. Tech,.oloty

I l TECH~OI.OCY,

TRJ\NSH;t. AHONI. TEC141;0LOGY

TP.MIHEll. l TRIIII HO~..,,\ TI 0 , DEV:.LOPl'[IIT:

DEVELOPllolG COUNTII.IES

TIIE JAPM;(SE [XPEP.l[IIC[

I I lleseorch Actlvl lY

llcsc,Hth

I Act ivlty

I (Oeve\op....,nt Econ0111ics)

1 lle9lot11I

Developmeflt Research

Organ I 11tlon1

I

"' .. .. z :,,. .,

n n ~-:r < .... -·., tT 0 .... "'n ~

"' .. :, a.

I w C\ I

Figure 6

Networka of the Human and Social Development Programme

®

•

Developnent Studies

[} a @Bu-Ali Sina University ••

Associated Institutions

Research Units of the Research Project on Goals, Processes and Indicators of Deve lopn,ent

s=i Research Uni ts of the Research Project on Socio-Cultural Comparative Evaluation of Development Alternatives in a Changing World

• Research Units of the Research Project on Research and Development Systems In Rural Settings

C Research Units of the Research Project on Sharing of _Traditional Technology

• Research Units of the Research Project on Technology Transfer, Transformation and Development: The Japanese Experience

\. ~-· ~ ~••j Institute of

V·• • Developing Econanies

•

;i !

Networks of the Human and Social Development Programme

1. Research units of the research pro,ject on goals, processes and indicators of development

(a) Institut universitaire d'etudes du developpement, Geneva, Switzerl~nd; (b) Marga Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka~ (c) El Colegio de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; (d) Fundacion Bariloche, San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina; (e) University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and

Northern Ireland; (f) University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; (g) Mershon Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States

of America; (h) African Institute for Economic Development and Planning, Dakar, Senegal; {i) University of Dar es Salaam, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania; {j) Indian Council of Social Science Research, Delhi, India; (k) Bu-Ali Sina University, Ramadan, Iran; {l) Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; (m) University of the West Indies, Kingston, Jamaica; (n) University of Oslo, Norway; (o) McGill University; Montreal, Canada; (p) Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; (q) University of Papua New Guinea, Papua New Guinea; (r) Max Planck Institut, Starnberg, Federal Republic of Germany; (s) Polish Academy of Science, Committee "Poland Year 2000", Warsaw, Poland; (t) Peace Research Institute, Sweden, Goteborg, Sweden; (u) United Nations Institute for Training and Research, New York, United States

of America; (v) Society for International Development, Rome, Italy; (w) Union des Associations Internationales, Bruxelles, Belgium; (x) World Future Studies Federation, Rome, Italy; {y) Wissenschaftszentrum Berlin, Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany.

2. Research units of the research pro,iect on socio-cultural comparative evaluation of development alternatives in a changing world

(a) Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France; (b) University of Kyoto, Kyoto, Japan; (c) Universidad Nacional de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; (d) Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; (e) University of Teheran, Teheran, Iran.

3, Research units of the research project on research and development systems in rural settings

(a) Facultad Latinoamerica de Ciencias Sociales, Mexico City, Mexico; (b) Ethiopian Science and Technology Commission, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; (c) Bu-Ali Sina University, Ramadan, Iran; (d) Economic Development Foundation, Rizal, Philippines; (e) Maya, A.C., Mexico City, Mexico.

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4. Research units of the research project on sharing of traditional technology

(a) Thammasat University, Bangkok, Thailand; (b) Marga Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka; (c) Bu-Ali Sina University, Ramadan, Iran; (d) Development Research and Consulting Group, Kathmandu, Nepal; (e) Dian Desa, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; (f) Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia; (g) Development Academy of the Philippines, Manila, Philippines; (h) Gakushuin University, Tokyo, Japan.

5- Research units of the research project on technology transfer, transformetion and development: the Japanese experience

(a) Tokyo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tokyo;

(b) Seikei University, Department of Humanities, Tokyo; (c) Senshu University, Faculty of Commerce and Economics, Tokyo; (d) Aichi University, Department of Law and Economics, Nagoya; (e) Shinshu University, Faculty of Arts, Nagano; (f) Rikkyo University, Faculty of Arts, Tokyo; (g) Hosei University, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo; (h) Tokyo Gak.ugei University, Tokyo; (i) Tokyo University, Faculty of Technology, Tokyo; (j) Hitotsubashi University, Institute of Economic Research, Tokyo; (k) Waka University, Tokyo; (1) Tokyo University, Faculty of Economics, Tokyo; (m) Hanazono University, Tokyo; (n) Hiroshima University, Faculty of Political Science and Economics, Hiroshima; (o) Kansai University, Faculty of Sociology, Osaka; (p) Hokkaido University, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Hokkaido; (q) Tokyo University, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Tokyo.

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(ii) Research project on research and development systems in rural settings;

(iii) Research project on technology transfer, transformation and development: the Japanese experience;

(iv) Research project on transfer of technology among developing countries.

(c) Education for Development.

1. The University as a critical forum on development

60. As a basis for its broad conception of the role of the University in international development, the Human and Social Development Programme has adopted certain assumptions deemed indispensable for the successful development of the Programme itself and for the effectiveness of the University. These assumptions, recommended by the Advisory Committee of the Programme at its meeting held from 3 to 5 November 1977 at El Colegio de Mexico in Mexico City, are as follows:

(a) The 11 pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare" are closely interrelated, and therefore a programme treating the gaps in knowledge separately is unsatisfactory;

(b) The solution of world-wide problems depends not only on technical knowledge on each problem, but also on a clear understanding of the causal relationships among the socio-cultural, economic and political factors determining the nature of the problems;

(c) The major task of the academic and scientific community is to identify the key determining factors of the problems and not to fill a few gaps in knowledge here and there;

(d) The international academic and scientific community is composed of a variety of schools of thought which propose different theories and models of pressing global problems and of ways of solving them, based on various disciplinary backgrounds and cultural traditions.

61. Accordingly, the Human and Social Development Programme assumes that the intellectual challenge posed by pressing global problems can be met only if scholars from different schools of thought, belonging to different disciplines and cultural traditions, can engage in a sustained dialogue with each other. This re~uires an international, pluralistic and multidisciplinary forum. Through the Programme, the University is establishing such a forum.

62. In order for the University to serve as a development forum, the Human and Social Development Programme is integrating its research projects and activities through common themes, interdisciplinary approaches, internetwork collaboration, interprogramme co-ordination and dialogue (see figure 5 above). Each project and activity is undertaken by a network of research units, which base their research on different conceptual frameworks so that a dialogue leading to critical comparison and evaluation of concepts and findings can take place through the exchange of researchers and pre-publication material and through joint subprojects, workshops and educational activities.

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63. The Human and Social Development Programme will also serve as a critical forum for the international academic and scientific community by organizing regional or disciplinary seminars, joint projects and joint activities with United Nations research institutions and international or regional scientific organizations. For such collaboration, it is crucial that the Programme initiate and carry out innovative research projects and activities representing major conceptualizations. Thus it can play a catalytic role in the world-wide academic and scientific community.

2. Problems of Development

(a) Goals, processes and indicators of development

64. The scholars designing this research project defined development as the development of people in specific societies, not growth or productivity or the effectiveness of any abstract system. Such a concept means the satisfaction and further development of human needs, both material and non-material. Departing from conventional practice in research on development, the project emphasizes an integrated approach to the research on development goals, on the processes leading to those goals and on the indicators of progress in development efforts.

65. Since the first research meeting at Tokyo, in April 1977, 21 research institutions have been selected to form the network of this project (see list on p, 37) and 24 subprojects have been developed. A second project meetine took place at Geneva in January 197~ to discuss the conceptual framework and methodology, and six workshops are scheduled in 1978 on selected project themes. The first workshop, on visions of alternative societies, was held in April 1978 in Mexico. Other workshops will be on alternative life styles, human needs, dialogues, world models and the linking of human rights and human needs.

66, The project seeks new perspectives that will make it possible for leaders, administrators and citizens to deal effectively with development problems in various types of societies. Consequently, the project is devising organization and research methods that will build into the inquiry the conceptions people themselves have of their needs, of the goals of development and of processes leading to development. Dialogues will be initiated both with planners and decision-makers concerned with development problems, and with people in general in selected project areas. The research network involves institutions in both industrialized and developing countries so that their scholars may work together in evolving concepts and strategies that will focus on the satisfaction of human needs everywhere.

(b) Socio-cultural comparative evaluation of development alternatives in a changing world

67. This research project focuses on the cultural and civilizational dimensions of development. During the first phase, the focus will be on the themes "cultural identity and national socio-political change" and 11 endogenous intellectual creativity':. In the second phase, its focus will be on "new and emerging perceptions of propspects of human civilization11 and "specificity and universality11

•

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68. The project was initiated at a meeting of scholars from many parts of the world held at Tokyo in June 19TT. It is being co-ordinated from the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in Paris. When fully organized, it will involve a network of about 50 institutions. Two regional symposia will be held within the next year: one for Latin America (to be held in Mexico City), and another for Asia (to be held in Kyoto, Japan), for which approximately 24 research papers have been commissioned, A third one is planned for the Middle East. The project plans to develop links with non-governmental organizations, particularly some of the international social science professional associations, and to organize special sessions on Human and Social Development Programme research work at future international conferences in sociology, philosophy, anthropology, political science, and other fields.

69. The project will eventually be developed in all regions. Social scientists and humanists, including historians and leaders of religious thought, will participate. Each regional group of researchers will be sponsored by one or more institutions in the region actively involved in research in the social sciences and the humanities.

(c) Human rights in the context of development

70. In the struggle of the world's political and economic institutions, as well as its institutions concerned with knowledge, to cope with immense global problems, a focus on human rights issues offers a way of ensuring that universal human values will be fostered and protected. Along with the satisfaction of human needs, human rights are one of the building blocks of a democratic theory of development. It is for these and other reasons that the Human and Social Development Programme Advisory Committee, at its meeting in April 1978, affirmed the importance of human rights in the Programme as approved by the Council of the University.

71, Although to date the Programme's activities on human rights have been linked closely only with the project on goals, processes and indicators of development, they will also be combined with other projects. Human rights are conceived of_,,. broadly and are related to the larger context of development in particular ,;;··

;societies, including, but not limited to, political rights and civil liberties.

72, Later in 1978, the Human and Social Development Programme plans to organize a colloquium on the right to health and a healthy environment, in co-operaton with the Academy of International Law at The Hague. This will be followed by an interdisciplinary colloquium on the significance of human rights in development. Participants will be historians, jurists, social scientists, members of the Programme's Advisory Committee, and Programme staff and co-ordinators.

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L I

3. Technology and Development

(a) Sharing of traditional technology

73. This research project is concerned with sharing traditional technologies to improve the lives of poor people in rural communities through a fuller and more efficient use of local resources. Rural groups will be helped by project researchers to build their own research and development capacity. Special attention will be given to their technologies relating to food, to the protection and care of the human body and to housing, and to how such technologies may be improved by learning first from other communities.

74. Two project meetings were held in the past year at Tokyo and in Kathmandu, Nepal. During the meeting at Tokyo, the research project team decided to regard the first year as a pilot phase and to concentrate its research activities in Asia. The project is co-ordinated by the Marga Institute in Sri Lanka, a United Nations University Associated Institution, which has established a network of research institutions, groups and individuals in Indonesia, Iran, Japan, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines, Sri Lanka and Thailand. Research by all the co-operationg institutes (see list on p. 37) is carried out in rural villages selected on the basis of their degree of exposure to modernization, degree of market orientation, occupational patterns, ethnicity, and type of land-tenure system.

75. The dialogical approach is being employed in this project, which requires that the researchers understand the social and ecological conditions of the village and draw out the responses of the villagers. The field researchers are living in the selected villages for extended periods and the villagers are thus engaging in a genuine exchange of knowledge and information.

(b) Research and development systems in rural settings

76. This research project is helping to design alternative strategies for generating technologies in developing countries and to evolve a new methodology of technological research. By effectively connecting the "R and D systems:: in the modern sector of a developing country with the whole society and with the body of traditional knowledge the rural people already possess, technologies appropriate to their specific needs and resources can be generated. Rand D systems refer to the combination of institutions in any society that are specifically devoted to scientific and technological research and those public and private organizations that apply the results of research to the production of goods and services.

77, Co-ordinated through the Latin American Faculty for Social Sciences in Mexico, the project monitors the research progress of groups studying problems of technological development in Ethidpia, Iran, Mexico and the Philippines. Researchers are in direct contact with rural people and are learning with and from them the causes of achievements and failures in introducing technologies in rural areas. Field tests are now under way on a new methodology of linking Rand D systems with the people's existing knowledge in order to develop new local solutions to technological problems. Plans call for two rounds of field experiments and revisions of methodology.

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1

(c) Technology transfer, transformation and development: the Japanese experience

78. As a complement to the above two research projects in rural technology, the Human and Social Development Programme has finalized the design of a research project on technology transfer, transformation and development: the Japanese experience. Unlike other Programme projects, this is a country study, rather than a comparative study, which analyses the unique experience of Japan in development. Focused on the interrelationship between endogenous technology and foreign technology, the study will examine case studies where:

(a) Imported modern technology replaced traditional or endogenous technology (that is, iron, steel, railway transport etc.);

(b) Imported modern technology coexisted with traditional or endogenous technology (that is, the mining industry);

(c) Imported modern technology failed to replace traditional or endogenous technology (that is, tractor farming);

(d) Imported modern technology was integrated with traditional or endogenous technology (that is, irrigation).

79, The project will emphasize the linkage between technology and labour, the structure and dynamism of the working population, employment opportunities, acquisition of certain techniques and their dissemination, organization and discipline of labour, working conditions and the human rights aspect of technology and development. A network of universities and research centres in Japan will participate in the project, which will be co-ordinated by the Institute of Developing Economies in Tokyo.

(d) Transfer of technology among developing countries

80. The Human and Social Development Programme is planning to launch a research project in the area of technology transfer among developing countries. This will be jointly implemented by the Latin .American Council of Social Sciences and the Council for the Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa.

4. Education for Development

81, The Human and Social Development Programme is developing an international educational programme focused on the global problems addressed by the University's three priority programmes and involving participants from different cultures and socio-economic and political systems. All three programmes will co-operate in this venture to develop better integration, dissemination and application of knowledge about development. This would entail carrying out educational activities in developing countries as well as in industrialized countries.

82. The education programme, developed with the help of a consultant from the Institute of Development Studies of the University of Sussex, would be one of the most important methods of disseminating the University's research results, particularly when these have implications for development strategy, and of fostering world-wide awareness of global interdependence and the imperative of international

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collaboration in solving global problems. Its educational activities, would include not only, or mainly, central government officials, but also many types of people, especially the young. It would help university scholars and international officials to keep up with advancing knowledge in human and social development.

(a) First United Nations University Research Seminar

83. Following the meeting of the Advisory Committee of the Human and Social Development Programme in November 1977, the Programme and the Latin American Council of Social Sciences held a joint seminar at El Colegio de Mexico in Mexico City. The main purpose of this seminar was to involve 60 Latin American scholars from different social science disciplines in the Programme's research activities and to put them in touch with the Programme staff, the Project Co-ordinators and the Advisory Committee members. After a presentation and discussion of Programme research projects, the seminar discussed the research being conducted in Latin America which is related to the Programme's priority areas. As a result of the seminar, concrete suggestions were made to relate ongoing research in the region to University projects and vice versa. More research seminars in other regions are being planned under the Programme. -(b) Relations with other institutions and organizations

84. The Human and Social Development Programme has maintained close contact with organizations of the United Nations system. In its subprogramme on the problems of development, the Programme is co-ordinating its research activities with UNESCO, UNITAR, UNRISD, UNIDO, the African Institute of Economic Development and Planning, and the Faculted Latino-americano de Ciencias Sociales in Latin .America. The subprogramme on technology and development is co-ordinating its activities with UNCT.AD, UNIDO, UNDP and the United Nations Connnittee on Science and Technology for Development. The Programme is also collaborating closely with regional development organizations and with private international organizations, in particular with the Society of International Development, the World Future Studies Federation and the Union des Associations Internationales.

D. Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources

85. Initiated only in February 1977, the University's Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is focusing its scientific and scholarly efforts on ways to protect the environment and increase productivity through improved management of natural resources in the humid tropics, on the effective application of existing knowledge to the problems of arid lands management and on the shortage of energy in rural areas of developing countries. Working in co-operation with the Programme on World Hunger and the Human and Social Development Programme, the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is setting up a comprehensive subprogramme in each of the three areas mentioned above:

(a) The Ecological Basis for Rural Development in the Humid Tropics;

(b) Assessment of the Application of Knowledge to Arid Lands Problems;

(c) Energy for Rural Communities.

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86. Inasmuch as the past year and a half has been devoted to programme planning and initial organization, this report on activities discusses the practical problems being addressed, the rationale of the Programme and the conceptualization of its approaches to those problems. The rapid progress achieved in programme development and organization is reflected in the launching of concrete projects and the emerging collaboration with various institutions (see figure 7 below).

87. The activities of the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources were initially formulated by expert panels, whose proposals were scrutinized, modified and finally endorsed by the Programme's Advisory Committee in May 1977, In April 1978, the Steering Committee and Project Co-ordinators met to review the progress of the Programme and suggest future activities. It should be stressed that, although the projects are presented here for convenience as separate topics, they should not be regarded as individual entities. There are many interactions among the projects and efforts are being made to maximize these through the networks.

1. The ecological basis for rural development in the humid tropics

88. The purpose of this subprogramme is to analyse traditional resource systems, and then determine how modifications, adaptations and the introduction of new technologies can be made to protect the environment, to maintain or increase productivity and to satisfy the aspirations of local populations. Problems in this area are being researched by utilizing the concept of 11resource systems", which can be roughly defined as the chain of processes through which resources, human or natural, undergo transformation into an end-product or a service. Such a concept

· is useful for both research and education as it provides a comprehensive review of the problems and facilitates interdisciplinary co-operation. The following four resource systems were selected for the initial investigation: (a) rural energy systems; (b) agro-forestry systems; (c) water-land interactive systems; (d) highland-lowland interactive systems.

89. The resource systems approach itself is being assessed, and attempts are being made to develop further theory and methodology. For these purposes, a task force was assembled in May 1978 in the Philippines, and several studies and publications are anticipated.

(a) Rural energy systems

90. As adequate energy supplies are critical to development, the first area under investigation is rural energy systems. For example, the primary source of fuel in many rural areas of the humid tropics is wood, and an overdependence on this source can lead to environmental deterioration and consequently hinder progress. By examining the combination of energy sources available and analysing the economic and social processes that determine the production and distribution of fuels, both practical and theoretical insights can be gained. A better understanding of rural energy systems will contribute to effective management policies, which could not only increase available energy supplies, but also lessen long-term environmental deterioration •. The possibilities for technological innovation, whether through non-conventional energy sources, such as biogas~ or through simpler means, such as more efficient cook-stoves, are also being investigated.

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I -I="

°' I

~

University • of Reykyavik

University of Khartoum

®

® Associated Institutions

Figure 7

Network of the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources

•' i University .« .

~c:f·t Begor Agricultural~ .• r ! 0

University ,::,. o:>:;; •I.'\

·~" University of Pa.

0: 0

.o. ..

ASSOCIATED INSTITUTIONS OF THE NATURAL RESOURCES PROGRAlvJME

(a) Actual

Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre (CATIE), Turrialba, Costa Rica

(b) Projected (under negotiation)

(i) University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria;

(ii) Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, Indonesia;

(iii) Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand;

(iv) The University of Papua New Guinea, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea;

(v) University of Khartoum, Khartoum., Sudan;

(vi) Pahlavi University, Shiraz, Iran;

(vii) University of Reykjavik and the National Energy Authority, Reykjavik, Iceland;

(viii) National Organization for Scientific Research, Algiers, Algeria.

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i'1 ·, 'i

91. A comprehensive study has begun at the University of Ife. Encompassing much of south-western Nigeria, it is investigating fuel supply systems serving the cities of Ile-Ife and Ogbomosho, and the large urban centre of Ibadan. Negotiations for the University of Ife to become an Associated Institution are in their final stage, and several University Fellows are expected to begin working there with the project in early 1919,

92, Possibilities exist for complementary studies that would provide insights into the common aspects of energy supplies and their relationship to development, as well as yield practical results for policy-making and technological innovation. Malaysia is being proposed as the site for one such study, while others are being considered for rural areas of industrialized countries.

(b) Agro-forestry systems

93, In much of the humid tropics, increasing population and rising demands for food and raw materials for export are putting a great strain on traditional systems that have evolved mainly to meet subsistence needs and local exchange. The resulting intensification of agriculture that often adopts inappropriate techniques developed in temperate areas has almost invariably led to the vicious cycle of environmental deterioration and a lowering of productive capacity. One of the most promising methods for sustaining high productivity while minimizing social and environmental damage is agro-forestry systems, which ~ntegrate tree and field crops, and sometimes livestock as well. Studies of traditional land-use practices could provide much of the information needed to develop farming methods that are location and culture specific.

94. The Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Centre in Turrialba, Costa Rica, became the first Associated Institution of the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources in October 1977, A workshop on agro-forestry systems for small farmers will be held there late in 1978. Research on the scientific basis of agro-forestry systems and traditional land-use practices will take place in co-operation with the newly-formed International Centre for Research in Agro-Forestry.

95, Other activities in agro~forestry systems will be initiated at associated institutions in Indonesia, Papua New Guinea and Thailand. The exchange of Fellows and participation in meetings will serve as the first step towards an exchange of scholars and information, particularly among developing countries in the humid tropic zone.

(c) Water-land interactive systems

96. Given the pressures for development and an expansion of production, on the one hand, and the environmental constraints so often present, on the other, an examination of the interactions between land and water ie critical for the future development of the humid tropics, especially in coastal areas. Fresh-water swamps, rivers and estuaries are an important source of protein over extremely large areas for people who often live on minimal diets. In these areas, changes in the watershed caused either by development projects, or through the chain reaction of deforestation, erosion, flooding and sedimentation, can severely disrupt the local economic and social system and reduce its resource base. This project will seek a better understanding of the role of water management in systems such as rice

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paddies or estuarine fisheries and more comprehensive knowledge of the interactions between land and water. Results envisioned include policy guidelines and possible techniques for the enhancement of productive capacity.

97. The Bogor Agricultural University in Indonesia is expected to be the initial base for these activities and negotiations to make it an Associate Institution are under way. A programmatic workshop is planned for September 1978, and research and advanced training actiyities should begin shortly thereafter.

98. Coastal zone resource management is another area being studied and, since coastal zones can also be regarded as water-land interactive systems, close ties between the two projects should develop. A task force meeting on coastal zones was held in late April 1978 at Tokyo, and a number of proposals were discussed regarding activities in Latin America, the Middle East and South-East Asia.

99. Initially, the University is planning a training course on the techniques of resource assessment as a guide to planning and development. The course will be held in Indonesia and will involve both young Indonesian scientists and several University Fellows. Project possibilities in the Middle East are being explored by an evaluation mission in mid-1978, but the implementation of these and other proposals will depend largely on outside financing.

(d) Highland-lowland interactive systems

100. Highlands in the humid tropics often have a limited, but none the less valuable, resource base to support relatively dense populations. Excessive pressure on the resources can result in severe environmental damage, such as erosion, flooding and sedimentation, and highland-lowland interactions have typically been evaluated only in these terms. The social and economic exchanges between these geographic areas, however, must also be considered, including not only the effects of the highlands on the lowlands, but also the effects of the lowlands on the highlands.

101. Whereas the effects of highland-lowland interactions have long been known in a,reas such as South-East Asia and Latin America, such interactions are only now beginning to have significant effects in Papua New Guinea. A set of studies on different aspects of these interactions will yield long-term benefits for improving resource planning and minimizing future environmental damage. The evaluation mission to Papua New Guinea in May 1978 was impressed with the critical shortage of trained personnel there, so that each project will also serve as a vehicle for advanced training. Since this project is complementary to the Man and the Biosphere Programme of UNESCO, the possibility of making it a joint University­UNESCO venture is being explored.

102. As part of the highland-lowland studies, the task force of the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources, meeting in October 1977, recommended that a pilot project on the mapping of natural hazards be initiated. Present planb are for a pilot study in the southern Himalayan region with the goal of improving land-use and resource planning through the mapping of areas susceptible to natural hazards, such as landslides, avalanches and flooding. Early identification ~d proper planning can significantly lessen future difficulties.

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2. Assessment of the application of knowledge to problems of arid lands

103. Arid lands (including semi-arid and hyper-arid) comprise some 30 per cent of the world's land surface and include 14 per cent of the world's population, many of whom are considered as the 11poorest of the poor". The patchy coverage of development planning and projects have generally passed over arid lands, resulting in even larger income gaps for their population when compared to other areas. Overgrazing, dryland farming and the stripping of wood and other organic materials for feed and fuel have been found to impair seriously the capacity of the land to sustain life. Fluctuations in rainfall, a natural characteristic of arid lands, intensifies the existing problems of p~verty and environmental deterioration.

104. In recent years, considerable funds have been spent and much knowledge has been gathered about arid lands, but major mismanagement - or lack of management -has continued. The United Nations Conference on Desertification, held in August and September 1977, emphasized that existing knowledge, while by no means complete 9

is sufficient to alleviate the most immediate problems of arid lands. Tb.us the Programme is focusing on factors that prevent the effective use of knowledge and the subsequent development and implementation of means to overcome these difficulties.

105, More specifically, the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources will assess past development projects in order to determine to what extent existing knowledge was applied and the effect this had on the eventual outcome of the projects. The Programme has already commissioned studies on the. settlement of nomads, the criteria for the assessment of past development projects, and the evaluation of various projects in specific areas. Of great potential value are other assessment studies being sponsored by the Programme that are examining the obstacles to the application of knowledge from desert research institutes to local problems. A workshop is scheduled for early 1979 to draw together and publish the results of these studies and to plan the next set of activities. It is hoped that this approach will reduce the present resistance to assessment studies and encourage evaluation as a feedback mechanism to the planning process.

106. The Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is also planning publications that will provide planners and decision-makers with useful information about the management options available to them. Task forces will prepare a typology of arid lands based on natural, social and cultural characteristics and this will be the basis for the delineation of management options.

107, The way in which people perceive their environment and their problems must be understood if any development project is to succeed. All too often there are large differences in the goals and values of planners and decision-makers, on the one hand, and the local population, on the other. These topics are the concern of several more Programme-sponsored studies being conducted in both developing and industrialized countries.

108. Efforts are also being made to strenghhen the research and training capabilities of existing institutions· in the areas of interest to the Programme, Based upon the recommendations of an evaluation mission, the University of Khartoum in the Sudan will serve as the primary institutional base for arid lands projects under the Programme, and negotiations to make the University of Khartoum an

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~ssociated Institution are in their final stage. In addition to sponsoring research and advanced training, the Programme will assist the University of Khartoum in developing a curriculum for an advanced degree in the management of arid lands• as such a programme apparently does not exist anywhere. .An evaluation mission was sent to the Middle East in June 1978 to explore possible links between the University of Khartoum and other institutions. An advanced training programme for scientists and decision-makers from developing countries will begin in Australia early in 1979 and plans to extend this to India and the United States of America are now being made.

3. Energy for rural communities

109. The sharp and sudden increases in oil prices beginning in late 1973 nade many nations, both rich and poor, aware that oil is a finite resource that is now being rapidly depleted. Many are coming to the realization that alternate energy sources, particularly renewable sources, such as solar• biogas, and wind must eventually be developed. There are basic differences, however, between the energy requirements of industrialized countries and those of developing countries, and the capacity of adapting to renewable sources. Industrialized countries need to adapt alternative sources of energy to a complex system that is centralized and largely dependent on electricity, oil and natural gas. In maintaining high levels of energy use at least cost, they have access to various high-technology and capital-intensive alternatives, such as nuclear fission.

110. On the other hand, developing countries require increasing amounts of energy ._ merely to satisfy minimal needs. They generally do not have complex production and distribution systems, and most of their needs can be satisfied by decentralized, low-temperature sources. ~t present, much of the energy in developing countries is supplied by locally available fuels, primarily wood, but an overdependence on these resources can hinder development and bring about environmental deterioration. Alternative sources of energy could have their greatest and most immediate impact in rural communities in developing countries, where the energy crisis is most acute and where the long-term effects can be most damaging.

(a) Pilot projects

111. A primary activity of the subprogramm.e on energy of the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is the establishment of a series of integrated pilot projects to test and demonstrate the use of solar, biogas and wind energy in rural comm.unities in developing countries. Since the technology for non-conventional energy sources is either already well developed or under intensive study, the Programme will emphasize three topics:

(a) The integration and adaptation of existing technology to local conditions and local materials;

(b) Socio-cultural problems of introducing non-conventional energy sources, including economic and political aspects;

(c) Training and dissemination of information. In each pilot project a combination of energy sources will be utilized depending on the resources available and the type of energy required (heat, mechanical or electrical) .

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112. The Programme is establishing the first pilot project in central Iran with the assistance of a grant of $US 1 million over five years from the Government of Iran. Based at Pahlavi University in Shiraz, research and training will focus on various devices, such as hot-water heaters, solar autoclaves for sterilizing medical instruments, solar cookers and solar power generation.

113. A second project, concerned primarily with architecture, building materials and energy use, is planned for Algeria. With the country building large numbers of new villages, the development of energy-efficient houses and building materials would be of obvious benefit. Part of the work will involve application of solar energy to tasks such as desalination and water-pumping.

(b) Bioconversion

114. One of the priority areas of the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources is the development of appropriate methodologies for the production of biomass and biogas from organic wastes, especially in rural areas. For its part, the World Hunger Programme is concerned with the establishment of the nutritional value and safety of non-conventional feed and food products derived from organic wastes. As a result of these converging interests, the Natural Resources Programme and the World Hunger Programme are now corroborating in a joint project on the bioconversion of organic residues.

115. A task force meeting was convened at Athens in March 1978, at which it was recommended that the two Programmes should jointly sponsor a conference to be held in Guatemala at the Institute of Nutrition of Central .America and Panama in late 1978. This conference will focus on the state of the art of bioconversion of organic residues for rural communities, and a working group, at a meeting following the conference, will formulate recommendat~ons for future activities.

(c) Energy studies

116. In addition to these technology-oriented projects, the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources. is actively exploring the possibility of setting up a centre of expertise in India to analyse trends in energy production and consumption and to make short-term and long-term policy recommendations. With the Government of India providing most of the funds, this institute could also be associated with the University. At the present time, a feasibility study is being conducted by UNDP with the assistance of the University to determine the structure and functions of such an institution.

(d) Dissemination of information

117, At the global level, one of the major handicaps in developing alternative rural energy sources is the isolation of researchers in developing countries. To solve this pressing need, the Programme on the Use and Management of Fatural Resources has set up a network to collect and distribute the most recent scientific publications at minimal costs to those scientists active in developing countries. Based in Japan, this information network is just beginning to operate on a trial basis. It should lead to less duplication, much greater co-operation and a generally better diffusion of knowledge than has hitherto been the case.

118. Finally, in order to tie all these activities together 9 the University is planning a workshop for early 1979 on the global assessment of energy alternatives.

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Held in co-operation with the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis and the East-West Center in Honolulu, this workshop will examine the various barriers, both social and technological, to the utilization of non-conventional energy sources, The results and the papers presented will be collected and published by the University as a realistic guide to the problems and value of adopting non-conventional energy sources,

(e) Geothermal energy

119. Geothermal energy is another area of concern in the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources, although as a result of its relative complexity and centralized nature, it is of'ten more appropriate to those countries which already have a well developed energy distribution system. · The purpose of the Prograrnme 1 s activities is to give those developing countries that have the potential for utilizing geothermal energy the capability to develop these resources. Thus, the Programme is negotiating with the National Energy Authority and the University of Reykjavik for the establishment of an Associated Institution in Iceland that will serve as a University centre for research and advanced training. A workshop in June 1978 will plan the project and bring together the experts now involved in geothermal training.

(f) Relations with other institutions and organizations

120. There was close co-operation with other United Nations agencies, including FAO, UNEP and UNESCO. A project on highland-lowland interactive systems is complementary to the Man and the Biosphere Programme of UNESCO. There has also been co-operation with bilateral agencies and with scientific organizations such as

.the International Council of Scientific Unions, including the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment.

E. Services in support of programmes

1. Consultative meetings

l?l. From its inception, the United Nations University has simultaneously carried out interrelated responsibilities: the conception and execution of distinctive programmes; the establishment of effective institutional relationships to carry out its programmes; fund-raising; and the promotion of effective understanding of the novel concept of the University throughout the world,

122. To serve all these purposes, and particularly the last, the University has continued the series of consultative meetings it commenced in October 1976. The main functions of these meetings are to inform intellectual, scientific and government leaders in different parts of the world about the University's purposes, methods and priority programmes and to obtain, in return, reactions and ideas about the ways the University can be of greatest service in helping solve "pressing global problems of human survival, development and welfare".

123. The report of the Council in 1977 a/ mentioned the consultative meetings held in London ( October 1976), in Paris, Bon~ and Stockholm (March 1977) and in

a/ Official Records of the General Assembly, Thirty-second Session, Suppl;ment No. 31 (A/32/31 and Corr.l), sect. VI.

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Kuala Lumpur (May 1977). Since then, meetings have been held in Caracas, Washington D.C. and Ottawa (October 1977), in Tokyo (December 19T7) ~ in New Delhi and Doha (February 1978) and in Athens (March 1978). Some 945 participants drawn from 69 countries and several international organizations have participated in these meetings. In addition, in November and December 1976, consultations took place on the occasion of the General Conferences of the Association of Arab Universities in Baghdad and the Association of African Universities in Khartoum.

124. Two further consultative meetings are scheduled to be held in Nairobi and Accra in October 1978, and a third in Mexico City in 1979.

125. Participants in the meetings held included vice-chancellors, rectors, and presidents of colleges and universities, directors of research institutions, directors of polytechnics and other higher educational institutions, professors and heads of departments, officers of research councils and national academies of sciences, representatives of the ministries of education, foreign affairs, science and overseas development, of United Nations organizations, of educational, cultural and other non-governmental organizations, of trusts and foundations, of United Nations Associations and of UNESCO nat:itonal commissions, people who had taken part in various United Nations University expert meetings, members of the organizing committees and members of the Council of the University. The University was represented by the Rector and his senior colleagues at these meetings.

126. Organizing committees were established in the countries where the consultative meetings took place. Members of the Council of the University from these countries played leading roles in the work of these committees. A number of important national academic and other institutions and organizations, as well as offices and organizations related to the United Nations, co-operated with the organizing committees in the planning and holding of the meetings.

127. The Governments of the countries where the meetings were held gave financial and other kinds of support to the organizing committees, and the meetings were generally opened by high government officials or ministers.

128. Participants in these meetings discussed the nature and work of the University in general, its initial programmes and its possible future directions. They raised various issues, especially those concerning the distinctive character of the University and the special, global contributions to knowledge in various parts of the world. Participants in the different regions of the world placed varying emphasis on particular programmes of the University.

129. The Rector and the Vice-Rectors have found these meetings extremely valuable in establishing academic and scientific contacts, in receiving practical proposals for programme development, and in promoting institutional relationships and effective·approaches to Governments for developing understanding of and support for the University.

130. The Council of the University has received reports on the consultative meetings and has endorsed the value of these meetings in explaining the University in different parts of the world. As a follow-up of the meetings, individual letters were sent to all participants inviting their comments on the programmes, activities and development of the University, and many useful suggestions have been received.

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2. Academic Services

131. Academic Services serves the priority ·programmes of the University by providing them with a variety of information necessary for their activities and by disseminating the knowledge generated by them and by other sources. The functions of Academic Services include publishing, the United Nations University library and referral.

132. During the period under review, Academic Services concentrated on establishing the framework for its development as an academic and scientific information centre. It began implementing some of the guidelines formulated by the expert group on the Dissemination of Knowledge, which met in January 1977, and discussed by the Council at its eighth session. Also, various computer retrieval systems are being developed in conjunction with existing international information projects, particularly those of UNESCO.

133. Of some 30 titles scheduled for 1978, the following materials have been published or are being processed for publishing by Academic Services:

A. Books

B.

World Hunger Programme

Interfaces of Agriculture, Food Science and Nutrition, proceedings of the United Nations University - International Rice Research Institute Workshop, Manila, Philippines, February/March 1977.

Working papers

1. Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources

(a) 11Report of the Expert Panel Meetings on the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources ii, April/May 1977;

(b) "Report of the Ad Hoc Advisory Committee Meeting on the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources 11

, May 1977.

2. Human and Social Development Programme

(a) 11Report of the Human and Social Development Programme Planning Meeting", Tokyo, January 1977;

(b) "Research and development systems in rural settingsH, report of.the task force meeting, Ethiopia, April 1977;

(c) "Socio-cultural comparative evaluation of development alternatives in a changing world", report of the task force meeting, Tokyo, June 1977;

(d) "Human rights in the context of development", report of the task force meeting, Vienna, June 1977;

(e) 11Project on the sharing of traditional technology", report of the task force meeting, Tokyo, September 1977;

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I'. , I

I,.

. I

( f) "Project on technology transfer, transformation and development: the Japanese experience", by Takeshi Hayashi;

(g) "Programme on education and training", by Dudley Seers;

(h) "Goals, processes and indicators of development: a project description", by Johan Galtung;

(i) "About the need for a new approach to the generation of technology for rural development: a pilot study", by the Institute de Estudios para el Desarrollo Rural;

( j ) "Indicators of human and social development: report on the state-of-the-art 11, by M. V. S. Rao, K. Porwit and N. Baster.

134. The University has strengthened its peer and staff review of proposed publications by adopting publication guidelines and forming a Committee on Publications.

3. Information Services

135. An effective public information effort is essential to the development of the University. Its objective is to increase awareness and understanding of the University and its progra:mmes among opinion-formers and policy-makers, particularly in academic and government communities, and to gain their support for its aims and activities.

136. During 1977, the main instruments for publicity about the University were the following: the Consultative Meetings described in paragraphs 125 to 128 above; world-wide contact with the media; the UNU Newsletter; factual documentation on all aspects of the University and its work; and a documentary. film_..entitled "Knowledge without boundaries". Of these, maintaining regular and productive contacts with the media is the most difficult task because the University generates very little ''hard news". None the less, a number of useful and substantial articles and features about the University appeared in general publications and newspapers, such as the Washington Post, La Stam.pa, Events (Al-Hawadness), the Indian Express, La Naci6n (Buenos Aires), Algerie-Actualite, and in specialist journals like Science, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, GeoJournal and the Chronicle of Higher Education. There have also been news and comment on the University in the Japanese media.

137. The University's information programme has been reorganized and strengthened following the appointment of .r,f.r. Ray E. Fleming, as Director of Information, who is on special leave from his post as Controller (Overseas) in the British Central Office of Information.

4. Administrative Services

138. The Administrative Services Division not only continued to cope with an expanding workload, owing to the increasing scope, intensity and geographical coverage of the University's programme activities, but also managed to do this while reducing its own manpower by three Professional posts. In addition to the

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usual administrative services, this Division has devoted special attention to initiating and establishing new administrative policies and procedures appropriate to the special requirements of the University. To this end, constant liaison has been maintained with appropriate departments at United Nations Headquarters in a successful effort to reconcile the University's requirements with permissible United Nations practice.

139. Mr. Douglas Manson became the Director of Administration in March 1978, replacing Mr. J. Laurier Lessard, who retired after having served the University since April 1976. Mr. Manson has been seconded to the University from UNDP, where his most recent post was Deputy Resident Representative in Jordan.

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IV. FUND-RAISING, AND FINAl~CE AND BUDGET

A. Fund-raising

140. The funding of the United Nations University is unique in the United Nations system of institutions. It is derived largely from income from an Endowment Fund made up of voluntary contributions by Member States, and from specific project support. Unlike most United Nations organizations, the University is not financed by regular annual subventions provided by the General Assembly or Member States, but receives income basically from interest earned by Endowment Fund resources.

141. The University has set a target of $US 500 million for the EndO"wment Fund by 1981, which would be five times the initial generous pledge of $US 100 million made by the Government of Japan before the United Nations University became operative. Annual income from this target figure would range from roughly $US 25 million to $US 40 million, which are not large sums for the basic financing of the University's world-wide mandate. It is projected that, when the Endowment is fully funded, roughly 12 per cent of income would be spent on headquarters' operations, including programme planning, supervision and evaluation, and 88 per cent on programme activities throughout the world.

142. The Government of Japan made its pledge with the expectation that contributions would also be made by other countries and sources. Of the $US 100 million pledged, the first four instalments, totalling $US 70 million, have been received, and the Government of Japan has budgeted another contribution of $US 10 million for 1979. Pledges and contributions have been made by the Governments of 18 other States: Austria, Cyprus, Ghana, Greece, Holy See, India, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Netherlands, Norway, Philippines, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, Tunisia, Venezuela and Zaire. As at May 1978, pledges totalled $US 126,380,036 and actual contributions received by the University totalled $US 78,064,721 (see annex IV below).

143. In addition to contributions to the Endowment Fund, States such as Greece, the Netherlands, Norway and Sweden have made operating contributions similar to those given to international organizations on an annual basis. Most of these have been given as temporary measures to enable the University to initiate programme activities.

144. The University's main financial problem is that the present level of Endowment income does not finance an acceptable balance between the cost of necessary headquarters operations and adequate external programme activities. In 1978, Endowment income is projected to be $US 5,875,825. The projected cost of headquarters operations, including programme planning, supervision and evaluation, is $US 5,100,000. The allocation for external programme support is $US 4 million. The additional funds necessary to meet the total expenditure of $US 9.1 million will come largely from non-endowment income sources, such as operating contributions, project support and f~ds carried over from the previous year. Since the principal purpose of the University is its programme activities around the world, external programme support should far exceed headquarters expenses and should be firmly supported by Endowment income. Until that level has been reached, the University's financial structure will be seriously out of balance.

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145. The University's problems in its fund-raising include initial lack of understanding of the identity of this new institution, ignorance about its true nature and residual opposition to the original concept of the University as a traditional campus-based institution, especially among some of the industrialized countries. Thus, in seeking to raise its Endowment and other funds, the University has a twofold task before it.

(a) To eliminate ignorance and alleviate scepticism among Governments and academic leaders, and thereby create general and greater acceptance of the University;

(b) To obtain material support from all Member States and especially from the industrialized countries.

146. The Rector and the Vice-Rector for Planning and Development, either jointly or individually, have visited over 65 countries to make solicitations to government leaders and to explain the work of the University to them and to academic leaders. A number of countries have been visited on several occasions. Virtually all these countries have indicated their intention to contribute when economic circumstances permit. Endo-wment contribution~ are now under active consideration by several Governments in Europe, the Middle East and North America.

147. The University finds itself in the following dilemma: on the one hand, it requires dynamic and rapidly evolving programmes in order to attract financial support to the Endowment Fund; on the other hand, without the guarantee of a stable and rapidly expanding income base for the Endowment Fund, the momentum

,. of these programmes cannot be effectively sustained. With this in mind, the Council of the University, at its ninth session, held in December 1977, at Tokyo, took the following actions;

(a) The Council addressed a special appeal to Members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and invited them to make generous pledges to the Endowment Fund;

(b) The Council decided to establish a special section in the United Nations Un1versity Endowment Fund for the purpose of financing the University's programmes designed to assist the developing countries.

In its fund-raising efforts, the University staff have found that the most promising potential sources for contributions to the Endowment Fund in several industrialized countries are funds designated for aid to developing countries. The above decision was taken to enable the University to receive such funds without prejudice to receiving other generous endowment contributions.

148. The amount of endowment contributions the University has received so far is clearly inadequate. None the less, the University faces future prospects in its fund-raising efforts with confidence. It will continue to press vigorously for generous contributions. (For a summary of pledges and contributions, see annex IV below. )

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li , I I,; I . I

I

'

I [

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I 'I I I I

B. Finance and budget

1. Income

149. The University's total estimated income was $US 6,108,367 for fiscal year "'E./ 1977 and $US 9,133,352 for 1978. Income for 1977 was derived from the following sources:

Interest income from the Endowment Fund

Carry-over to 1977 programme budget •••

Expected surplus from 1976 budget carried over to 1977 income .•••.••.•••••

Income for 1978 is broken down as follows:

Interest income from the Endowment fund

Expected additional endowment income

Carry-over

Operating contributions

United States dollars

4,778,367

500,000

830,000

6,108,367

5,021,539

854,286

1,850,000

1,407,527

9,133,352

150. As indicated, the above-mentioned operating contributions are those intended by the donor Governments for expenditure for current operations (including programme activities), and not as contributions to the Endowment Fund. The Council, at its ninth session, approved the use of these annual-type contributions for current operation, provided authorization was given by the donor Governments.

151. At this stage in the University's development, carry-over funds, as shown above, result from certain circumstances. In order to provide the programmes the full opportunity for forward planning, maximum available funds are allotted to them when budgets are developed during the previous year. In the course of implementation, however, careful scrutiny is made of all institutional arrangements before funds are expended. Since institutional associations are being made now for the first time, not all allotted funds are spent, and carry­over funds result. As the University gains more experience, however, its budgeting can be predicted more accurately and carry-over funds will decline.

2. Expenditures

152. The University's estimated expenditures for 1977 and for 1978 are broken down as follows:

"'E./ Same as calendar year.

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r ~ 'l .,

I I ~!

~ i ~

!i ~

I I l

I

In United States dollars

Increase 1977 Percentage 1978 Percentage (decrease)

Bud12:et of budget Budget of budget 1978 over 1977

University Council 274,700 4.5 268,500 3.0 (6,200)

Rector's Office 302,650 4.9 412,600 4.5 109,950

Pla.rming and Development Division 330,450 5.4 403,850 4.4 73,400

Programme Division 3,987,667 65.3 6,493,600 71.1 2,505,933

Administrative Services Division 1,212,900 19.9 1,396,700 15.3 183,800

Rector's Contingency Fund for Programme Activities 158,102 1.7 158,102

TOTAL 6,108,367 100.0 9,133,352 100.0 3,024,985

153. Components of the Programme Division's estimated expenditures for 1977 and 1978 are indicated below:

In United States dollars

1977 1978

Programme (External) ~ 2,800,517 3,877,150

Programme (Internal) ~ 627,050 988,000

Academic Services 285,100 577,600

Information Services 275,000 1,050,850

3,987,667 6,493,600

~ External Programme costs include all costs of programme activities, with the exception of staff salaries and common staff costs. Internal Programme costs include staff salaries and common staff benefits of the staff of the World Hunger Programme, the Human and Social Development Programme, and the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources.

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154. Resources allocated in 1978 to the three priority programmes for external and internal costs are set forth in detail below. For 1977, the external costs were not presented separately, but were consolidated in one single amount. Therefore, only the total allocation for external costs is shown.

World Hunger Programme

Human and Social Development Programme

Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources

TOTAL

In United States dollars

Internal

1977

155,130

237,790

234,130

627,050

1978

273,700

373,050

341,250

988,000

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External

1,526,600

1,312,450

1,038,100

2,800,517 3,877,150

V. COUNCIL OF THE UNIVERSITY

155. During the year under review, the Council of the University held its ninth session at Tokyo, from 5 to 9 December 1977, and at the invitation of the Government of Austria, its tenth session at Vienna, from 26 to 30 June 1978. The Council met for a total of 10 days to consider the programmes, problems and progress of the University, thus continuing to orient and shape the development of the University and its programmes.

156. For the first time since its formation three years earlier, 12 new members joined the Council at its ninth session. The new members, comprising one half of the members of the Council appointed by the Secretary-General of the United Nations and the Director-General of UNESCO, will serve on the Council for six years. Members are chosen in their individual capacities and do not represent their respective Governments or any other institution. The new members of the Council are the following: £I

Mrs. Estefania Aldaba-Lim

Mr. Pawel Bozyk

Mr. Carlos Chagas

Mr. Wilbert Kumalija Chagula

Mr. Jean Coulomb

Mr. P. N. Dhar

Mr. Felipe E. MacGregor

Mr. Abdelsalam Majali

Mr. Malu wa Kalenga

Mr. Stephan Verosta

Mr. Shams E. El-Wakil

Mrs. Ines Wesley Tanaskovic

157, The range and depth of the Council 1s deliberations are clearly shown in the Proceedings of every session, in which the Council 1s decisions are also summarized.

158. At its ninth session, the Council discussed at length all the programme activities and developments described in section III above in plenary as well as in separate committees. Council members offered many valuable suggestions on the implementation and evaluation of the programmes and their co-ordination with related work undertaken by United Nations organizations and other institutions.

£1 For the full membership of the Council, see annex I above.

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159. At the same session, the Council approved the Rector's programme proposals and the University's programme and budget for 1978, It discussed critical financial problems and programmatic dilemmas facing the University. As mentioned above, the Council established a special section in the Endowment Fund in order to increase endo,nnent resources available to the University for work concerning developing countries, and made a special appeal to the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to contribute to the Endowment Fund. The Council authorized the Rector to t.ake necessary steps for the University I s participation in the United Nations Conference on Science and Technology for Development, to be held in 1979, On the recommendation of the Nominating Committee, the Council decided to continue the existing practice of having two standing committes, namely:

(a) Finance and Budget Committee, to be composed of a Chairman, and five Council members elected by the Council;

(b) Programme and Institutional Relations Committee, to be composed of a Chairman, elected by the Council, and all the Council members.

160. Finally, the Council unanimously elected its officers, and standing committee members and chairmen, as follows:

Chairman of the Council:

Vice-Chairmen of the Council:

Chairman of the Committee on Programme and Institutional Relations: !JI

Chairman of the Committee on Finance and Budget:

Committee members:

Mr. Marcel Roche

Mr. P • N. Dhar

Mr. Abdelsalam Majali

Mr. S • Madani Sy

Mr. Stephan Verosta

Mrs. Ines Wesley Tanaskovic

Mr. Majid Rahnema

Mr. Stephan Verosta

Mr. w. K. Chagula

Mr. Roger Gaudry

Mr. Hans Lowbeer

Mr. Y. Maeda

Ms. K. F. Yusuf

d/ All Council members are members of the Committee on Programme and Institutional Relations.

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161. At its tenth session in Vienna, the Council considered the Rector's oral progress report on the University since the Council's ninth session at Tokyo in December 1977 and the draft report of the Council to the United Nations and UNESCO covering the period from June 1977 to June 1978. On the basis of these presentations and the Council's discussions, the Council prepared and adopted its report.

* * * 162. The preceding sections comprise the Rector's report on developments and activities concerning the United Nations University from June 1977 to June 1978. As indicated in the introduction above, the present report concludes with a review of the University's first three years so as to present a cumulative overview of the University's evolution and progress.

VI. REVIEW OF THE UNIVERSITY'S FIRST THREE YEARS

163, The third year of the United Nations University has just ended. Three years is undoubtedly a short time in the life of any institution, particularly one that has been established to create opportunities for scientists and scholars from many nations to engage in systematic and sustained collaboration in seeking solutions to major global problems. Nevertheless, it would be useful to make a brief and tentative review of the University. Such a review can offer guidance for all who are involved in the University's development and for present and prospective supporters of the University.

1. Ma,jor constraints

164. The most serious constraint on the University's development is the fact that, after three years of fund-raising, only about one fourth (or $US 126.4 million) of the six-year target of $US 500 million set for the Endowment Fund in 1981 has been pledged by Member States; of this, only $US 78 million has been received and, of this, tus 70 million, or 89 per cent, has come from a single source, the Government of Japan. Thus, as an academic institution for the whole world, the University simultaneously has had to seek world-wide attention, acceptance and support and to develop its global programmes and institutional networks with relatively modest funding. To make practical progress towards the target for the Endowment Fund, the amounts pledged and received must be vastly exceeded.

165. The University's serious financial problem creates major programmatic dilemmas. The University needs coherent and distinctive programmes, but the small size of its programme staff limits programme development, execution and supervision. The University needs prompt, tangible results, but programme impact is restricted by the necessarily limited financial support the University can afford for individual programme activities •. The University needs a much wider geographical spread, but broad dispersion of funds restricts support of individual projects and therefore limits their impact.

166. The need for University programmes relevant to the industrialized countries was emphasized in consultative meetings held in Europe and North America. Initial programmes are largely oriented towards developing countries and both the Charter and University policy emphasize as one of the University's major functions the strengthening of scholarly resources in developing countries. But, in order to serve the whole world and also to stimulate the interest and support of the industrialized countries, greater opportunities for the participation of their scholars and institutions in the University are necessary.

167. There is also a need to demonstrate the fact that the University is making a difference in helping to solve important global problems and that it is not simply supporting and co-ordinating existing activities in institutions around the world. While the University has succeeded in planning original and significant programmes, as shown in section III above and in the following paragraphs, it now lacks an adequate financial base to implement fully those programmes.

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2. Fulfilment of the University's mandate

168. None the less, by fully utilizing its limited resources the University has begun to discharge the mandate contained in its Charter, to "be an international community of scholars, engaged in research, post-graduate training and dissemination of knowledge in furtherance of the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations" and "to enjoy the academic freedom required for the achievement of its objectives" (A/9149/Add.2, art. I, para. 1 and art. II, para. 1). From the beginning, the University's institutional development and programme activities have been greatly assisted by the generous co-operation of numerous scholars and specialists throughout the world. Most of them have served the University without remuneration in scores of expert groups, advisory committees, consultative meetings and project meetings. Likewise, many institutions, Governments and organizations have served as host for these activities and have provided significant assistance in services and facilities.

3. Identification of pressing global problems

169. The University contributes to global problem-solving through the instruments of scholarship. In this regard, its first task is to help identify those problems which science and scholarship can help to solve. To do this in an international system where many individuals and institutions are already active, it is imperative and fruitful to seek their advice in determining the kinds of global problems on which the University should focus its efforts, given both its limited resources and its distinctive nature and role as the academic arm of the United Nations. Thus,

,through extensive and continuing consultations, the University has been designing ··and building its programmes and modes of operation in ways that reinforce, complement and extend the valuable work of many other institutions throughout the world. The specific global problems addressed by the University have been described earlier.

4. Contribution to understanding, knowledge and expertise

170, With regard to the global problems identified for its programmatic attention, it ~hould be emphasized that the University seeks to contribute to increasing world-wide understanding of them, to filling major gaps in knowledge about them and to improving expertise for dealing with them - especially in developing countries where the problems are most seriously manifested and where the capacity to solve them is most deficient. The means employed by the University in fulfilling its mission are the research programmes carried out through co-ordinated networks of institutions and individuals, fellowships for advanced training, scientific meetings and the publications and educational activities that are described in section III above.

171. Furthermore, the University aims to perform its work in particular ways. First, it tries to employ innovative approaches to the examination of the global problems on which it has chosen to focus, Second, it organizes internationally co-ordinated networks of research and advanced training programmes, Third, it seeks to strengthen the capabilities of individual scholars, experts and institutions that work and co-operate with the University. To show how the University has carried out its functions, the progress of the three priority progrRJlllD.es since their inception will be SUllllD.arized.

'i

5. World Hunger Programme

112. The World Hunger Programme, the first University Programme to be launched, now operates through a network of eight associated institutions conducting advanced training and research in its three problem areas. In the order of their initiation, these associated institutions are located in Guatemala, India, the Philippines, Chile, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, Venezuela, the United States of America and Canada. This internationally co-ordinated network has enabled the University to award 49 University Fellowships and seven University Senior Fellowships, intended to strengthen the Fellows' leadership and their competence in conducting research and, in turn, to enhance the capabilities of their own home institutions to contribute to solving problems of hunger and nutrition. The more than 20 research projects in nutrition and post-harvest conservation of food are conducted within an integrated framework and are expected to have cumulative impact on many developing countries. In particular, the new research findings in energy and protein requirements are being put to practical use in decision-making. The technical and interface workshops are helping the World Hunger Programme in programme development and generating long-awaited information that can guide Governments, international organizations, scholars and other leaders concerned with implementing food and nutrition programmes. By working closely in its programme areas with various organizations, especially in the United Nations system, the Programme contributes to international teamwork in the struggle against world hunger and thereby maximizes the University's impact despite its limited resources.

6. Human and Social Development Programme

173. This Programme commenced in mid-1976. In carrying out its activities, the Programme departs from the traditional approaches to technical co-operation in development. It recognizes that global problems are complex and interrelated and that certain isolated attempts to solve some of the problems may also aggravate others. The Programme researchers believe that their task is to help the international academic and scientific community to identify the key factors that give rise to developmental problems. They also believe that the University should become a critical world forum for the presentation, evaluation and comparison of development ideas originating from diverse schools of thought, employing alternative conceptual schemes, and reflecting different disciplines and cultural traditions. With the Counci1 1 s approval, the University is using its global outreach and manifold networks increasingly to serve as a world forum for development ideas under conditions of academic freedom guaranteed by its Charter.

174. To date, the Programme has developed working relationships with some 50 research units and universities around the globe. Five institutions have become associated institutions of the University and are located in Argentina, Mexico, Sri Lanka, Switzerland and Venezuela. As shown above, each of the Programme's research projects involves a number of co-operating research units, whose scholars jointly design, execute and evaluate their research projects in periodic meetings. Moreover, through its newly initiated activities leading to a University-wide programme on Eiiucation for Development, which would involve workshops and regional seminars, the Programme hopes to integrate its efforts to involve the international academic community in its research projects and in discussing their results.

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175. The University's function of disseminating knowledge regarding 11pressing glob2l problems of human survival, development and welfare;' will be greatly aided by the Programme's working linkages with the world's five major regional associations of development research and training institutions: the l\ssociation of Development Research and TraininB Institutions of the Pacific and Asia, the Council for the Development of Economic and Social Research in Africa, the Latin funerica11 Council on Social Sciences, the Arab League F.ducational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, the European Association of Development Research and Training Institutes and their co-ordinating organization the International Co-ordinating Committee of Development Associations,

7. Programme on the Use and l'-1anar:ement of Natural Pesources

176. Begun only in February 1977 • the Programme on the Use and Manar:ement of J\Te.tural Resources is rapidly shifting from the conceptualization and planning stage to the implementation of its three subprogrammes, One associated institution in Costa Rica has already been establisherl, and eight more are in the final star,es of negotiation ( one each in Algeria, Iceland, Indonesia, Iran, riip,eria, Papua f1ew Guinea, the Sudan and Thailand). Research and training activities have begun in some of these centres, even though formal agreements have not yet been si~ned. The final round of programme planning meetings, which are being held at the associated institutions, will be completed in the second half of 1978, These meetings are serving to develop a coherent set of research and training activities consistent with the priorities and theoretical framework established by the Programme over the last year.

,. 177, The Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources activities outside of the Associated Institutions are also well under way. Regarding the dissemination of information, 14 reports relevant to the problem in arid lands are being prepared, several of which will be published by early 1979. A comprehensive handbook on the state of the world's natural resources is also being prepared. A workshop in Iceland has developed a co-ordinated training programme on geothermal energy, Both Fellows and Senior Fellows have been identified, and the first of these will begin their training in late 1978, A workshop has been held in the Philippines to develop further the concept of resource systems and improve its applicability. Another study on rural energy systems is being planned in Malaysia, and possibilities for a study on highland-lowland interactions in southern Asia are being explored. In the field of energy, a centre to disseminate solar energy information to people in developing countries is being set up in Japan. Discussions regarding the possibility of establishing a centre in India on energy studies and energy policy are going on at the highest levels. While the Programme is basing its research and training activities at the associated institutions, it is expanding its network beyond these few centres.

8. Joint Programme activities

178, From the inception, the World Hunger Programme, the Human c1,nd Social Development Programme and the Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources have been regarded as interconnected Programmes intended to illuminate interacting global problems affecting the human condition·and to help find solutions to them, Initially, however, each Programme was given the necessary autonomy to develop its conceptualization, methodology and identity. At the same

time, increasing interactions among the three Programmes have taken place during Council deliberations and University staff meetings. The joint meeting in April 1978 of members of steering groups of the three Programme Advisory Committees, the programme and project co-ordinators, and the University staff epitomized the intensified efforts at interprogramme co-ordination and integration. A similar meeting is planned f"or early 1979, As reported above, joint research and education activities involving the University's three Programmes have been initiated.

9. Growth and enhancement of the international community of scholars

1T9. The University's Charter (A/9149/Add.2) begins with the declaration that "the United Nations University shall be an international community of scholars ... " Then it calls upon the University to contribute to "the continuing growth of vigorous academic and scientific communities everywhere and particularly in the developing countries," and to "increase dynamic interaction in the world-wide community of learning and researchn. During only three years of existence, the University has already demonstrated that it can contribute effectively to these Charter goals, despite the severe restrictions on its funding and staffing. Gradually but steadily, the University has begun to serve as a pluralistic, multidisciplinary and critical world forum for the analysis and evaluation of pressing global problems and their proposed solutions and of alternatives to development in poor and rich countries alike. This is clearly a primary reason why the General Assembly established the United Nations University and adopted its Charter in December 1973 (resolution 3081 (XXVIII) of 6 December 1973).

180. Together the three priority programmes are now working with some 14 Associated Institutions, negotiating with another 12 and working with more than 100 other institutions and associations. The World Hunger Programme has provided training to more than 50 Fellows and additional fellowships will soon be awarded by the three Programmes. The University has distributed 20 reports resulting from its planning meetings and workshops. Approximately 300 scholars, scientists and experts have participated in the University's various scientific, technical and informational meetings, seminars and workshops held all over the world.

181. These fi~ures, however, merely sum up the quantitative aspects of the University's three priority programmes. Perhaps more important than these quantitative results is the growing impact of the University as an instrument for encouraging scholars and scientists in various parts of the world to become more confident of the potentialities of their work in making substantial contributions to the understanding and solution of major human problems. The knowledge that the United Nations has created an organization to help them co-operate more effectively with fellow scholars and scientists in putting their research results to practical use is reassuring, Just as important as knowledge itself is having the confidence to persist in the difficult tasks effective applied research and training require. One of the principal values of the United Nations University, acknowledged by many who are participating in its work, is the reinforcement of resolve it is giving to researchers, particularly in developing countries, as they become members of the networks the University is building.

-TO-

i:i I

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

Go~t Amunt~

Austria AS 4 000 000 ·- ( $US 238 800)

Cyprus £C . 500 ($US 1 291)

Ghane.

$US 2 500 000

Greece •-.---Holy See

India $'US 750 000

Je.pe.n $US 100 000 000

Libyan Arab $US 50 000 Jamahiriya

$US 50 000

$US 50 000

Netherlands $US 100 000

;---,

Nonray c---------~·

NKr l GOO 000 ($US 189 251)

NKr l 000 000 ($US 194 780)

--

A)!NEX r:v

of pledges and con_tributfons to the Endowment Fund !IJ'.ld operating funds e./ of the united Nations University as e.t 20 June 12_7,

·Jlmount pe.id

AS 4 000 000 ( $us 238 800)

AS 1 000 000 ( $1.iS 61 600)

$US 1 291

t~ 14 750 14 790

t~ 500 000 -1.4 790

$US 500 000

$US 20 000 $US 20 000

$US 50 000

$US 75 000

$US 20 000 000 $US 20 000 000 $US 20 000 000 $US 10 000 000

$US 50 000

$US 50 000

t: 100 000 100 000

NKr 1 000 000 ( $us 180 018 )

NKr 1 000 000 ($US 189 251)

NKr l 000 000 ($US 194 780)

Date

14 June 1976 7 January 1977 (AS 1 000 000

{,i:pproximately ( $US 60 000 7 pledged annua.1:cy thereafter)

19 October 1977

30 March 1972

5 June 1978

28 May 1975 20 November 1975 26 May 1976 ( pledged over 5 years) 17 December 1976 21 June 1977

5 December 1977

21 Je.nuary 1976 28 December 1977

28 February 1977

1 February 1977 (:pledged over 10 years)

5 Mey 1977

25 September 1973 ( pledged over 5 years)

20 January 1975 22 Je.nuar,y 1976

4 February 1977 31 Je.nuary 1978

26 April 1976 28 December 1976 20 January 1977 16 February 1977 22 Angust 1977

24 May 1976 ( pledged annually for e. few years)

8 July 1976 12 July 1977

1 April 1976

28 March 1977

9 Ma.y 1977

26 Je.nue.ry 1978

8 February 1978

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16

17.

18.

19

Government Amount pledged Amount ~d

Philippines $US 50 000

$US 5 000

Saudi Arabie. $US 5 000 000 £ 581 818 ($US l 070 000)

Senege.l CFAF 250 000 000 $US 22 o87 ( $'£JS l 000 000 )

Sudan $US 5 000 000

Sweden SJCr 1 000 000

-----(_ipUS 231 215)

SKr 1 000 000 ( $Us 2o8 877)

SKr 1 000 000 ( $US 208 877)

Switzerland SwF 34o 000 ( ${is 182 796 )

SwF 100 000 ($US 53 763)

Tunisia $US 10 000

Venezuela $US 10 000 000

$US 2 000 000 2 000 000

Zaire 100 000

$US 126 405 045 ~/ $US 78 o66 012

~/ Includes funds for programme activities.

Date

7 June 1978 (pledged over 5 y-ears)

19 April 1978

9 March 1977 15 DeceIOber 1977

January 197c 11 August 1977

9 DeceIOber 1976 (pledged over 5 years)

19 August 1975

5 September 1977

10 November 1977

3 February 1978 (pledged over 4 years)

7 March 1978

11 November 1977

18 August 1975 ( pledged over 5 years)

29 January 1976 6 September 1977

6 Ju:cy 1977

b/ Tote.l includes contributions received without e. prior pledge; for details in individual cases, see the second oolurnn. Some of the pledges are announced in the currencies of the respective countries and were subsequently paid.· In the first column, the dollar amounts for sucb pledges are calculated at the exchange rates at the time the pledges ,.ere made; however, these figures are subject to chenge depending on the exchange rates at the time of actual pa;ymeJ\t.

I 1.

.ANNEX V

Members of Programme Advisory Committees and co-ordinators of programmes and projects of the United Nations University

A. World Hunger Programme

Members of the Advisory Committee

Dr. Marie-Therese Basse, Director, Institute of Food Technology, Dakar, Senegal; a/

Mr. George H. Beat-;;-n, Professor and Chairman, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Toronto, Canada;~

Mr. Moises Behar, Chief, Nutrition Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland;

Mr. Stanislaw Berger, Professor and Director, Institute of Human Nutrition, Warsaw Agricultural University, Poland; !9:./

Mr. R. Alexander Buchanan, Australian Liaison Officer, ASEAN Food Handling Project, Australian High Commission, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;~

Mr. Sol H. Chafkin, Division of National Affairs and Social Development, The Ford Foundation, New York, United States of America;

Mr. Wenche Barth Eide, Institute for Nutrition Research, School of Medicine, University of Oslo, Norway;

Mr. Mamdouh Gabr, Professor of Paediatrics, Mounira Hospital, Cairo, Egypt;§:./ Mr. Emmy Hookham, Programme Specialist in Nutrition and Home Economics

Education, UNESCO, Paris, France;§:./ Mr. Mogens Jul, Professor of Food Preservation, Royal Veterinary and

Agricultural University, Copenhagen, Denmark; Dr. Darwin Karyadi, Director, Nutrition Research Development Centre,

Bogor, Indonesia;~ Mr. Paul Lunven, Chief, Food and Nutrition Assessment Service, Food Policy

and Nutrition Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome, Italy;

Mr. Jose Dutra de Oliveira, Professor, Department of Medicine, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil; a/

Dr. Ade Wale Omololu, Professor of Human Nutrition, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria;~

Mr. H. A. B. Parpia, Senior Adviser, Research Development Centre, Agricultural Department, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome, Italy;

Dr. Frank C. Ramsey, Director, National Nutrition Centre, Bridgetown, Barbados, West Indies; !9:./

Mr. Nevin S. Scrimshaw, United Nations University-World Hunger Programme Senior Adviser, Head, Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America;

Mr. Tokuji Watanabe, Professor, Department of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan;§:_/

Mr. Roger G. Whitehead, Director, Dunn Nutritional Laboratory, University of Cambridge and Medical Research Council, Cambridge, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

§:I Members whose terms expired in June 1978,

-73-

i: I; I,

,. !

1

l j

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2. Co-ordinators

L

Mr. Guillermo Arroyave, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, United Nations University-World Hunger Programme Interregional Co-ordinator for Western Hemisphere, Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama, Guatemala;

Mr. Rodolfo Florentino, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, Nutrition Center of the Philippines, Makati, Philippines;

Mr. Bance L. Amla, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India;

Mr. Ricardo Uauy, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile;

Mr. E. M. Thain, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, Tropical Products Institute, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

Mr. Miguel Layrisse, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, Venezuelan Institute of Scientific Research, Caracas, Venezuela;

Mr. Barbara Underwood, United Nations University Resident Co-ordinator, Programme Assistant to the Senior Adviser of the WHP. The International Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning Programme, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America;

Mr. Fred T. Sai, United Nations University-World Hunger Programme Interregional Co-ordinator for Africa, Middle East and Europe, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, Legan, Ghana.

B. Programme on the Use and Management of Natural Resources

Members of the Advisory Committee

Mr. Gerardo Budowski, Head, Natural Renewable Resources Programme, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center, Turrialba, Costa Rica;

Mr. James M. Harrison, Ottawa, Canada; Mr. Jack D. Ives, Director, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University

of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America; Mr. I. Kobori, Professor, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo,

Japan; 1111'. Maurice Levy, Professor, Laboratory of Theoretical and High Energy

Physics, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France; Mr. Jack A. Mabbutt, Head, School of Geography, The University of New South

Wales, Kensington, Australia; Mr. G. J. Afolabi Ojo, Dean of Administration, University of Ife, Ile-Ife,

Nigeria; Mr. Sanga Sabhasri, Secretary-General, National Research Council of Thailand,

Bangkok, Thailand; Mr. Didin S. Sastrapradja, Deputy Chairman, Research Council, Limbaga Ilmu

Pengetahuan Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Mr. Michael J. Wise, Professor, London School of Economics and Political

Science, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Mr. Gilbert White, former Director, Institute of Behavioural Science,

University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America.

-74-

Co-ordinators

Mr. Gerardo Budowski, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Agro-Forestry Systems, Head, Natural Renewable Resources Programme, Tropical Agricultural Research and Training Center, Turrialba, Costa Rica;

Mr. Jack D. Ives, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Highland-Lowland Interactive Systems, Director, Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America;

Mr. Maurice LevY, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Energy for Rural Communities, Laboratory of Theoretical and High Energy Physics, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France;

Mr. Jack A. Mabbutt, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Assessment of the Application of Knowledge to Arid Lands Problems, School of Geography, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia;

Mr. G. J. Afolabi Ojo, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Rural Energy Systems, Dean of Administration, University of Ife, Ile-Ife, Nigeria.

C. Human and Social Development Programme

1. Members of the Advisory Cammi ttee

Mr. Mohammed S. E. Abulezz, President, Institute of Arab Research and Studies, Arab League F.ducational, Cultural and Scientific Organization, Garden City, Egypt;

Mr. Samir Amin, Director, African Institute for Economic Development and Planning, Dakar, Senegal;

Mr. Elise Boulding, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, United States of America;

Professor Janusz W. Golebiowski, Warsaw, Poland; Mr. Manuel Perez Guerrero, State Minister in charge of international economic

affairs, Caracas, Venezuela; Mr. J. Ki-Zerba, Ouagadougou, Upper Volta; Mr. Rajni Kothari, President, Indian Council of Social Science Research,

New Delhi, India; Mr. Michio Nagai, Tokyo, Japan; Mr. K. Soedjatmoko, National Development Planning Agency, Republic of

Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Mr. Rodolfo Stavenhagen, El Cole,g;io de Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Mr. Alain Touraine, House of the Human Sciences, National Centre of Scientific

Research, Paris, France; Dr. Carl-Friedrich von Weizsacker, Director, Max-Planck Institute, Starnberg,

Federal Republic of Germany.

2. Co-ordinators

Mr. Anouar Abdel-Malek, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Socio-Cultural Comparative Evaluation of Development Alternatives in a Changing World, House of the Human Sciences, National Centre of Scientific Research, Paris, France;

-75-

...f,·',,.,' .... :.._.,..--.

':.:::?:.~·--.

Mr" Johan Galtung, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Goals, Processes and Indicators of Development, UNITAR office at Geneva, Palais des Nations, Geneva, Switzerland;

Mr" Takeshi Hayashi, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Technology Transfer, Transformation and Development: The Japanese Experience, Research Planning and Co-ordinator Office, Institute of Developing Economies, Tokyo, Japan;

Mr, Amilcar Herrera, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Research and Development Systems in Rural Settings, Science Policy Research Unit, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland;

Mr" Chandra Soysa, Project Co-ordinator for the Project on Sharing of Traditional Technology, Marga Institute, Colombo, Sri Lanka"

-76-

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HOW TO OBTAIN UNITED NATIONS PUBLlCATIONS

United Nations publications may be obtained from bookstores and distributors throughout the world. Consult your bookstore or write to: United Nations, Sales Section, New York or Geneva.

COMMENT SE PROCURER LES PUBLICATIONS DES NATIONS UNIIES

Les publications des N,itions Unies sont en vente dans !es librairies et !es agences depositaires du monde entier. Informez-vous aupres de votre libraire ou adressez-vous a : Nations Unies, Section des ventes, New York ou Geneve.

JCAK Il!OJIY'IHTb M3.llAHH:il OlPI'AHH 3Al~HH OB'bE,l.VUllEHHblX HA:U:Hliil"

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COMO CONSEGUiR PUBLl:CACIONES DE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS

Las publicaciones de las Naciones Unidas estan en venta en librerias y casas distri­buidoras en todas partes de! mundo. Consulte a su librero o dirijase a: Naciones Unidas, Secci6n de Ventns, Nueva York o Ginebra.

Litho in United Nations, New Yori, Price: $U.S. 5.00 16465-August 1978-5,425

( or equivalent in other currencies)

• RA:jar

22 August 1978

Dear Glenn, In the absence of the Secretary-General~ I

wish to thank you f<»: your letter to him of 11 August. I know that he would like me to express to you his appreciation for your efforts on behalf of the United Nations Univ~sity and for the kind words you have addressed to him. You may be assured that I will bring your letter to his attention when he returns to New York.

With warm regards,

Mr. Glenn A. Olds President

Yours sincerely~

Rafeeuddin Ahmed Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General

Alaska Methodist university Anchorage

Alaska Methodist University Anchorage. Alaskil 99504

August 11 , 1978

Secretary-General Kurt ~Ja 1 dheim United Nations United Nations Plaza, 38th Floor New York, N.Y. 10017

Dear Kurt:

Office of the l'residen t 907-276-8181

I enclose copies of a few of the letters from Senators who replied to my strong representation for American support. I have sent copies to Jim Hester. I wish it were possible to bring more leverage to bear. I think if Wally Hickel, our former Secretary of the Interior and close personal friend, is elected Governor here he will be able to bring considerable leverage to bear on a number of the key people in the Congress whom he knows well.

Please do not bother in your busy schedule to reply, we obviously turn our thoughts daily towards you and the United Nations and the critically import­ant work you continue to do on behalf of our whole world.

Eva joins in the warmest regards to Cissy and yourself in the earnest hope that she is much relieved of the pain and feeling better.

Faith fu 11 y,

GA0:da encs.

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SILVIO 0. CONTE P°IRST DISTRICT. MASSACHUSETTS

COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

SUBCOMMITTEES:

TRANSPORTATION

LABOR-HEW

FOREIGN OPERATIONS WASHINGTON ADDRESS:

2300 RAYBURN OFFICE BUILDING

WASHINl'iT0N. D.C. 20515

PHONE, 202-225-5335

C!Congre~s of tIJe ijlnitcb ~tates j!Jouse of l\epresentati\.te~

illmtmsbington, ;JD.I!. 20515

COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS

RANKING MINORITY MEMBER

DISTRICT OFFICES,

SUITE: 305

SUBCOMMITTEES:

Ex OFFICIO M EP,,1BER OF

ALL SUBCOMMITTEES 100 NOR1H STREET

PITTSFIELD. MASS. 01201

PHONE, 4\ 3-442-0946 MlGRATORY BIRO CONSERVATION COMMISSION

ROOM 205

POST OFFICE BulLOING

650 DWIGHT STREET

HOLYOKE, MASS. 01040

PHONE, 413-532-7010

}tr. Glenn A. Olds, President Alast-.a Methodist University Anchorar:,e, Alasl·a 99Y)Li.

Den.r I Tr. Olds:

.Julv ll,, 1978

Than]~ you for your letter in reference to ftmclin/J of the United nations University. In the past, I haw~ been a consistent supporter of tl--ie University, yet, this year it bec@11e evident th.1.t the consensus of the Forei.p;n Operations Subcarrnittee was to cut the appropriation for this prop;rarr1.

This year of econcmri..c mal;:1ise for the lh-1itcu States has pro_,-rpted "cuttit"lf, fever .. in Cnr.r:ress. Unfortnrni.tf'ly, ccsr,nrin~· pror:rm,1s 11ccciqe victin to such a dise,1s e- -the U. ll. T.lnivcrsit:,.r this ye:;ar bccmne the victim.

If this ruttcr docs cm1e up in Conforencc, I ,-,ill give your vie,-,s 1-:iy utmost consideration.

Hid1 best wisllcs, I mn

C.o. >rjially yours, I . _ .. .,

SOC:lb

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W,\RRFN G. MJ\GNUSON, WASH,, CHAIRMAN

JOHf-1 C, Sl'ENNl!i, MISS, AOBErlT C. D'l'RD, W, VA. WILLIAM PnOXMIRE=:, WIS, DANIEL K. INOUYE, HAWAII ERNEST F. HOLLINGS, S.C. Bl~CH B-WH, INC. Tt-lOMAS F. EAGLETON, MO, LAWTON CHILES, FLA. J, BENNETJ' JOHNSTON, LA. WALTER D, HUDDLESTON. KY. QUENTIN N. ElURDJCK, N, OAK, PATRICK J, LEAHY. VT. JIM ~ASSER, TE:VN. DENNIS DE CONCINI, ARIZ. DhLE BUMPERS, ARK •

MILTON R. YOUNG, N. OAK. CUFFORD P, CASE, N.J, EDWARD W. BROOKE', MASS, MARK 0. HATFIELD, OREG. TED STF..VENS, ALA.SKA CHARLES MC C, MAIHIAS, JR., MD. RlCHJ\RO S. SCHWE"iKER, PA. HENRY BEU.MON, OKLA, LOWELL P, \YEICKER, JR., CONN, COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

WASHINGTON, 0.C. 20510

July 14, 1978 JAMES R, CALLOWAY

CHIEF COUNSEL AND STAFF DIRECTOR

Dr. Glenn A. Olds, President Alaska Methodist University /\nchor::i.gc, J\l::tsb. 99504

Dear Dr. Olds:

Thank you for your letter "in support of an appro­priation of $7.5 million as a United States contribution to the United Nations University.

As you are undoubtedly aware, this item has not been authorized; however, if it is, I intend to recommend that the budget request be appropriated.

EL Chairman,

on Foreign

E mmittee rations

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WAnnEN G, MAGNU50N, WASH.

JOHN C. STENNIS, MISS. ROBE.RT C. BYRO, W. VA. WILLIAM PROXMIRE, WIS.

OAH\El. K. INOUYC:, HAWl\lt

ERHES"T F. HOLLINGS, S.C, BIRCH B/\.YH, ll'lD •

THOMAS F, E1\GLETON, MO.

LAWTON CHILES, F'L<\,

J. BENNETT JOHNSTON, LA.

W,ALTE'.R D, HUDDLESTON, KY. QUENTIN N, BURDICK, N, OAK, PATRICK J, LEAHY, VT, JAMES R. SA$SER, TENN, DENNIS OE CONCINI, ARIZ,

MILTON R, YOUNG, N. OAK, CLIFFORD P. CASE, N.J, EDWARD W. :BROOKE, MASS. MARK 0. HATFIELD, OREG,

T£.D STEVENS, ALASKA

CHA.RLES MC C. MA"rHJAS, JR., MO fflCHARO !5, SCHWEIKER, PA.

HENRY BELLMON, OKLA. I-OWE\ . .\. P, WElCKER, JR., CONN,

JAMES R. CALt.OWA'f CHI CF COUNSEL AND STAFF DIRECTOR

Dr. Glenn A. Olds President Alaska Methodist University Anchorage, Alaska 99504

Dear Dr. Olds:

COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS

WASHINGTON, D.C, 20510

July 11, 1978

Thank you for your letter regarding the United Nations University.

I agree with you that the UN University is a worthwhile endeavor in attempting to solve global problems. I plan to support the $7.5 million request for funding in Committee.

I am enclosing a copy of a statement I made GOncerning the UN University which you may find of interest.

With best wishes,

CM:rnek Enclosure

Sincerely,

)) } i ) -·~ . ,. ( { '· ,..· I '--- :-'-- (_ ....

Charles McC. Mathias, United States Senator

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EJ/pms

15 August 1978

The Secretary-General would be grateful if you would

convey to The Right Honourable Mrs. Judith Hart, Minister

of State for Overseas Development, the enclosed letter •

A copy is attached for your information.

H.E. Sir James Murray .Ambassador Permanent Representative of the

United Kingdom to the-United Nations Office at Geneva

37-39, rue de Vermont 1211 Geneva

Erilc Jensen

•••••

MC/jb

File: ,Ym!

cc: SG bf: RA/MKP

near Mrs. Hart,

cc: Mr. Hester Mrs .. Ise

14 August 1978

I would like to draw to your attention the letter whiah I sent to Dr. owen on l June 1978 concerning the funding of th.e United Nations University, a copy of which is enclosed for your infoxmat.ion.

It is my understanding t.hat you will be personally involved in your Government's decision on this matter, and l wish to take this opportunity to underline the great import.a.nee I attach to the appeal of the thirty-second regular session of the General Assembly to all Member States uto make e;-ubst.ant.ia.l contributions to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations Universit:y .. n The University is an undertaking of great promise in helping to understand and find ·solutions for many of the most urgent problems facing the international community today., but it cannott hope to attain its full potential without a substantial increase in its basic resources.

I very much hope that your Government will agree to make an early and generous contribution to the Endowment Fund of the united Nations University.

With warm regards,

Yours sincerely11

I<urt Waldheim Her E.xoellency The Rt. Hon. Judith Hart, M.P. Minister of State for overseas Development United Ringdom

/

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-

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1 Your r.::.::cellenc'.l,

J\.s •-rou n,y be akraro, t.."1e t:nita.1 r!:1.tion~ T.:'nivorsit-/ is ro..1 in fts tl1ird yrer of O?"-IatiC-:lZ. It has already lau.,c!"ic1 extra-!l£:!ly usc.ful ~rra!::Ines of rc.se-1.."'C.'1, aava.l'lCed tr.:uni:v,, a."1:1 disse:::i.'ln.tion of knowledqe of crcat -;otential va.loo to the WX"lc1, e.e;pccl.'.11.ly t.~ develop.mg countries. It is helping to reverse t."1-te brai."1 drain 1-!i• strcngtheni.~(j resenrch and adva.11.ce=i training fa,-.; li.ties in d.e-.relopirl']' countries. At the: sa."'...ie ti"'!'?e, it.fl r-i·o9:ra."T.'.en are bril"l\fing an increased ~':Enm....n--e of objectivity and dcpt...'1 of GC..'loJ ,.,,..n:-iip to tb:: i.'1tcrnatio:ic:.l effort b:> underst..,n.:1 nr..::. solve ur<;c::-it 'b.r'ili .. '1.,"'1 rroblere.

t.r:.te 'Pniversi ty is not fn.ndc<l tliroug:1 rc,g--1.L:n" hu::lcrc-t nwro2riati.onn. It is i..'1tcn::1eu th.:1.t its c\lY..!i..'"<'l.tinry ru~.nses sh:iuld be rr£t by in~ deriva-1 fr-en .:4""1 I~..dcr...-ra1t ~m.=r • .-.-:-1ich is a ca:pit:il funtl con .. '1ietilY-1, of "'10lunt1-ry C0!1'tribnti0:-m bv r:ee~ st..,:f;:er:, which are i!'lvested u.---cer the S",mcrv"isio:i of t'lc Treasurer of the Ur-.ite:1 H!!.tionn. '?l1e proceeds i~ovic:.e t...i1e pri."1Ci!:el budqet support fer the D~b,~rsi';::.';. l·. ':n....~t o:-ts $5'')0 -r.illi.c,n has bce .. '1 set for t.,c r:r-.cao';';'lxm.t !"::.."1d, to re raise::!, if F()flcilile, by 1981. So =".r, 9 c;':'Vc...--n::~nts h:tv.:: nlec-lrreci a tot.ill of ~124. 25 ,dlllc.1. A r..1.nb.str cf: crn,-,~ntr, have al!-n crivcn a..'1.'1:.l.3.1 ccntrib~tiora b:i nnsi";t i."'l initir1.tinrr the ad-....ivities o::: the t]!;iversity, mid it is horc=J t.'1-1.t they id .. 11 ~~.e c>-.n.:1a:,.,,ciCf'.t 91e5:;E-~s in the near 51ture.

t;;:'he !7'C,f.1E'-.ntu'1 o~ t:"m t:niv~rsity'n i:roc;::cr,;n ca.-mot be su'.>t;"li."1.e::r h,ot.,,"G"',.rer, wit."iout !:'X..)stz1ntially incre:1.se:.-:. re!nu-:::-cr!s. I".:. is for this r<.a~n tint the C-P.-ne...~l J.l.'1scr.bl~.• at its ~irty­~"""C."ld. Regular S..~snion appealed to all !·'e-:-'.l-.-c= Stat.es "to r..cl-:e su.:r.::tantie.l co..tributicr-.z to tr-.. .:: !':'n:-1cw:.,~nt P.'l:1.:! o:.i=- t.~e:- L':-..ite:1 N.."'ttians University''. I t.""!cref.ore \v.J:.Ud ask You= I:::::ccllr,."lcy t :':!

Cb\"e....~nt to qivc m:·ccnt an~ R~r1r:inthGtic co:isice:rntion to t:'1.is a?,-P-3.l and r.:.11·:e a.'1 e.::irly a!-:<l crcnerous contril:.!_1tion tc the ErcO'.'r.::cnt Fun-:1 of t.~c CniteJ ;Jations University s::, tl".3.t. t.~e llniv0..!:;ity can efft:.cti.~1cly fulfil t:'le irn;:ort&.t resrcm~i­bilities e.:.tr ..1;,t;ec~ to it by the C-,r..::..'1C..1cl l\~SC1'l:l:.,'.

Pleztf'C .:lCCG!,-::., Your ~:collc."".CY, highc.r::.t con.c:i.riera::fr,n.

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~{8?1999~8 UPON ~tr° RETURN FROM MY V l SIT TO THE UN J TED KI NG DOM, ,· _,. ~-~~-~- ~ 'r:; __ WOlJLl)~Lil(E'-·To''TH-ANiC y·ou · VERY MUCH.' l NDEED FOR THE DEL l GHTFUL

••. 1 . •

- -GATHERi'riG· WH J CH YOU ORGAN J ZED IN YOUR HOME J N KEW,. I GREATLY . . .

_:· _·.:. WE.LC0~1ED--THE=OPPORTlJ~fiTY_ TQ TALK \-HTH YOU AND MANY OTHERS IN

SUCH "rLtASAf4~(At~D i NFOR[,:1AL SURROUr•rn lriGS:, MAY l SAY THAT I WAS

GREATLY HEARTENED BY THE EXPRESS 1 or{ OF YOUR STRONG SUPPORT FOR --~_:____:--__ ~_ --___ -oui:r-~EFFci'RTS" trcPuRsu I r~oF: THE· cAusr.:· oF--l tn~RNAT 1 oNt.L DSVELOPME!ff

- - -·-- - AND.C()OPERAJJON~~-~?ARA \>llTH ALL BEST WJSHES __ AND_ \MRM PERSONAL

REGARDS {l<URT -WALDHEIM_ SECRETARY· GENERAL UNITED Nt.TIONS NEV/YORK)

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30 August 77 R • .Ahmed/jar 3830 5028

OSG/EOSG

HER EXCELLENCY

THE RT. HON. JUD:rTH HART, M.P. M!l:IISTER OF STATE FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT

LONDON (ENG~:t--."D)

UPON MY RETURN FROM MY VISIT TO TEE UNITED KINGDOM, I WOULD

LIKE TO THANK YOU VERY MUCH Illl""DEED FOR THE DELIGh'TFUL GATHERING WHICH

YOU ORGANIZED IN YOUR HOME IN KEW. I GREATLY WELCOMED TIIE OPPORTUlUTY

TO TALK WITH YOU At-H> MANY OTHERS IN SUCH PLEAS.~?-."T Af...TI> INFORMAL

SURROUNDINGS. MAY I SAY THAT I WAS GREATLY HEARTElIBD BY THE EXPRESSION OF YOUR STRONG SUPPORT FOR OUR EFFORTS IN PURSUIT OF THE

CAUSE OF Th'"l'ERNATIONAL DEVELOP.Mfil.J"'T Af.t"'D COOPERATION,.

WITH ALL BEST 'WISHES l\ND WAP.M PERSONAL REGARDS,

KURT WALDHEIM SECRETARY GENERAL

UlUTED NATIONS

Rafeeuddin Ahmed, Execu~ve Assistant to the Secretary-General

Ferdinand:

Albert told me that Dr. Hester had

mentioned to the Secretary-General last

month that there was a strong likelihood of a British contribution to the Endowment Fund of the University. The proposal was

to be considered by Mrs. Judith Hart and Dr. Hester requested the Secretary-General

to send her a message to ensure a favourable

decision. Albert suggested that such a

letter might be sent to Geneva for the

Secretary-General's signature.

Rafee

'

Your !.~cel.J.enc<.t,

As vou n,..ay be aWi3.re, the t:nit:e:1 Na.tion~ T.:'nivorsit:r• is r,::,w in its thin"l y~ of op'?rations. !t ha~ al.roady launc.'1c.:1 extre1,0..ly usaf'i..tl. !"I"O:'ft'wrnes of r£>.sea:rc..11, aava.TlOed train.inr;, a.'1J. disse:tl."1Zltion of knowledge of creat potential valuE'! to the w::>rld, es!)e-ia11):' t."le det.relopmg countries. It .:i.s hclping to reverse t.11.e brai."l. drain by str0.ngt."1eni.'1g research and adva.'1.ce:.'l ~g facilities in de.reloping countries. At th~ sa"c.te ti.'"!'le, i~ progra..""t"'.1eS are brinqing an increased ~:ri.easure of objectivity and dept.~ of 0cholarship to the hiternational effort to und~t..-=url mid solve urgent hmlo..:."1 problems.

ir,I,e Fniversity is oot ftuldc~ t."1rough r~ignlar budget a,npropriations. It is i..'lten::ie-J tr.at it..e; npn....,,_~tin~ exr~n~es should b.~ w...ct by incm.c derivc:1 frcr::i nn !T.dCft-~~1t :r-".m:1, ·which is a capit-31 fund consisting of '70luntary contributionn bv r~'"er St..'1.te~, whid1 are L"l,.,~sted ur0..cr t~e S-~r\Cr'IJision of t.'1c 'Ireasurer o-f tr.e Ur.ited Nations. The proceeds prc,,.?id.e: the principal b\r....i.qet support for t½e t:nb.--ersitr. r. <::-n.,..~t of US $5,,.')0 r1illion has boon set for t,.11s r:r-iia ... irr.cnt Y-''.itid, to be raise1, if FOA□ible, by 1981. So far, 9 tiOV'crrr,1€.."1.tr: ha,,G ole=-.lqed a total of ~124.25 ~illion. .;n, nur;1ber of ooverrr,;ents have als.o given annual contribu.tions ro nnsi<:;t i.'1 init.iztin.,. the activities o~ t½e Unhrersity, and it is hor,ed. t'iat they will r.,z,,J:-.e £"' .. ndow..ncnt pledges in the near 5.1ture.

:£he ~1.tl.l''l o: t,c University's 1:roc;resn can.not be susta.i.'1ed, hoh'e"ver ~ wit."!Out m.1hst."l.11tially :increasc..1. rc~ura~!'l. It is for this r<:~son that the c~..neral Jl.l!lSerJ..bly at its ':"'hirt1-ne.cc.."rl Regular e'..ession a_r:.pealec'!. to all ;·'-e'l".bC!" States ,, to r.mJ.-:e suxtan.tial ca.-,,tributior.s to tl--i.e rn::kMre.nt run~ of t.~ United Nations University''. I therefore w:,uld ask Your D{Cellency's tbVe.."T.!.ient to qivc \lt"OCnt ar...::.1 sy~•1r:inb~etic consideration to t:'1.iz ap_.-.eal and ri.ake a.'1 early a.?¥1 qeiw.ro-11.-;; C0."1tribt~tion to the En-:.low:nent Furr.I o-: t.'le t;11ite1 Nations Uniw.rsity s:> th:i..t t.li.e Univ€!?."fu..ity can effectively fulfil t..rie i-rttr:ortant responsi­bil:f.ties t::ntt"istei! to it by the 0-_;ne_-ral l,ssen!'.':ly.

Plea2c accept, Your r}-:cellc."1Cy r t'1e as.crurances of TT_/ highe~t consideration.

Hi!.1 :f'.}:cellt::t1Ci' r:.~ R.t. Bon. Dr. r.nvi<~ 0.·1c•n, :'.P. ~--ecrctn:y o~ St.-"'lte ~er F0rcir.t1 arr: Corrnn~""?lth Unit,...,,

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HER .EXCELLENCY · ·

__ •· ,\, THE _RT~- Ho'N~ JUDITH HART, M,Ps -. -:~::-_-_".'.·'.: M fN !STi::R"·oy-:· ST ATE- f"OR OVtRSEAS DEVELOPMENT

._ . '. : . LQNDON (ENGLAND) .. -

. • MBP1999--0ff UPO~J MY-. RETURN FROM MY VIS l T TO THE UN I TED KI NG DOM, .:~~-~(···woULD~Lll{E·-·ra:TH.Ar-JK YOU-VERY MUCH INDEED FOR THE DELIGHTFUL

·-~- .GATHERfNG. WHICH.YOU ORGANIZED lN YOUR HOME lN KEW. I GREATLY ~'-: ... W£LCOf-1ED-,-THE,,QPPORTUNlTY .. TO TALK \·JITH YOU AND MANY OTHERS IN

.•. SUCH PLEASANT AND INFORt>:1AL SURROUNDINGS~ MAY I SAY THAT I W.4S

GREATLY HEARTENED BY THE EXPRESSION OF YOUR STRONG SUPPORT FOR ---. ---.-~OUR~~FFORTS=ftrf-PUF?'S(JI T'OF THE CAUSE 01· 1 NTERNAT I ONAL DEVELOPMENT

-- ~ - - - - AND-COOPEP.,;,J iONiit:-~ARA '111TH ALL BEST \,JJ SHES _AND WARM PERSONAL . -

REGARDS· (KURT WALDHEIM SECRETARY GENERAL UNlTED NATIONS NEWYORK) COL MBP1999-i)8 ~ - - . -- -- __ -

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30 August 77 f

R.Abmed/jar 3830 5028

·'l

OSG/EOSG

HER EXCELLENCY

THE RT. HON. JUDITH HART, M.P.

MINISTER OF ST.ATE FOR OVERSEAS DEVELOPMENT

LONDON (ENGLAND)

UPON MY RETURN FROM MY VISIT TO THE UNITED KINGDOM, I WOULD LIKE TO THANK YOU VERY MUCH INDEED FOR THE DELIGHTFUL GATHERING WHICH YOU ORGANIZED IN YOUR HOME IN KEW. I GREATLY \'v"'ELCOMED THE OPPORTUNITY

TO Tl,LK WITH YOU AND MANY OTHERS IN SUCH PLEA~"T AND INFOP.J.iAL

SURROUNDINGS. MAY I SAY THAT I WAS GREATLY HEARTENED BY THE

EXPRESSION OF YOUR STRONG SUPPORT FOR OUR BFFORTS IN PURSUIT OF THE CAUSE OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMmi"'T AND COOPERATION.

WITH ALL BEST WISHES AND WARM PERSONAL REGARDS,

KURT WALDHEIM SECRETARY GENERAL

UNITED NATIONS

Rafeeuddin Ahmed, Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General

ROUTlt,fo SLIP

TO: A: Mr. Rohan

FROM: DE, Momoyo Ise Room No. - No de bureau

E:.?i;-;;oste I D/;2 ~Jlfi:t 191 f f)('-//'g'() FOR ACTION POUR SUITE A DONNER

FOR APPROVAL POUR AP PROBATION

FOR SfGNA TUR E POUR SfGNA TURE

FOR COMMENTS POUR OBSERVATIONS

MAY WE DISCUSS? POURRIONS-NOUS EN PARLER?

YOUR ATTENTION VOTRE ATTENTION

AS DISCUSSED COMME CONVENU

AS REQUESTED SUITE A VOTRE DEMANDE

NOTE AND RETURN NOTER ET RETOURNER

FOR INFORMATION ){ POUR INFORMATION

COM.6 (2.-781

. , .,///' -"" ENCI.OSL~.t ATTAC1:ir-D

//. . uJJ l ~- / u;... . c. 4tiaJu>n, u,e!t,n,.a/nen Ii,. -;./.e/ /a c.:/fanee/

~./2. I / ,,I/~. J// . ,at'o/ -~ed ✓a&J ,./ la-uon-4 ·tuue.J

/Ju,/ y)'cf",#enim~~ ~~-2/45 ~47~ ~

,_A~Q':fa,t, uY~ ~otJJ'7

JCB/RB No ·:i7 \

,//:::u~,k 2 ao-0.t 1978

AUG8- 1978

ACTION

~,1

He;-kJ94T,. 2 ······ ... .J ........................ _ 3 ················ ............... .. 0 · Ac.iion Completed 0 · Acknow ledgod ~No Actfon noqu:;C?d

INNV'1LS .::·:·:·--/ .

rt ;, 1.-3(_ /;; J ' '

Monsieur le Secretaire General,

J'ai l'honneur de vous adresser sous ce

pli une lettre de Son Excellence Monsieur Louis

de GUIRINGAUD. Elle concerne l'Universite des

Nations Unies, au sujet de laquelle vous avez

ecrit au Ministre le 1er juin 19?8.

Je vous prie d'agreer, Monsieur le Secre­

taire General, l'expression de ma tres haute consi­

deration.

M. Kurt WALDHEil1 Secretaire General des Nations Unies

r ---------------------..................... 1

• i. :.;r_;.:.-'.\L c~~'.~~~~~~OENCE .:ONi"O' NO. j \ ,_,, M 111r-r~1\1r·n -rn

1r7

. I f I

Philippe HUSSO!l Charge d'Affaires a.i.

Representant Permanent Adjoint

tc.""c f°l'-'"°0 Uli r.~u.sv .. 1

t·JG 11 10~

2 4. JUil 19 7 8

Monsieur le Secretaire General,

Vous avez bien voulu appeler men attention

sur les activites de l'Universite des Nations Unies et,

en particulier, sur ses programmes de recherche, de

formation superieure et de diffusion des connaissances dans les pays en developpement. Evoquant les exigences

auxquelles est subordonne le bon fonctionnement de cette

Institution internationale, vous vous etes refere a l'appel

lance, lors de la Trente-deuxieme session de l'Assemblee Generale des Nations Unies, en faveur d'un accroissement

des contributions volontaires a son Fonds de dotation.

Je connais le role important que cette Universite

joue et peut jouer davantage encore au profit des pays du

Tiers-Mende. A cet egard, le Gouvernement fran9ais est

particulierement reconnaissant au recteur James HESTER,

dont les hautes qualites me sent bien connues, d'avoir

multiplie les contacts et faverise la cooperation entre

cette Institution et les institutions fran~aises specialisees.

. ieur Kurt WALDHEIM etaire General Nations-Unies

./ ...

YORK

L

o.t

2.-

Je tiens done a vous assurer de l'inter~t personnel

que je porte a la question dont vous m1 avez saisi et demon

vif desir de parvenir, des que possible, a manifester concrete­

rnent, par une contribution au Fonds de dotation, l'appui que

nous donnons a l'action menee par l'Universite des Nations

Unies.

Je vous prie, Monsieur le Secretaire General, de

vouloir bien agreer les assurances de ma haute consideration.

t. de GUIRINGAUO

-- ----------

ft/-..,_,, : ) u i)

ft l!f1<1,

NEW YORK

2 August, 1978

Dear Mr Ahmed,

I refer to your letter of 31 May 1978, addressed to my predecessor, Mr Harry, with which you transmitted a letter from the Secretary-General of the United Nation■ to the Australian Minister for Foreign Affaira, the Hon. Andrew Peacock, MP, concerning the United Nations University.

I have now been asked by the Minister to convey the enclosed reply to the Secretary-General, and I should be grateful it you would kindly transmit it to him.

Mr Rafeeuddin Ahmed, Executive Assistant to

the Secretary-General, United Nations, NEW YORK. N.Y. 10017

Yours sincerely,

(H.D. Anderaon) Permanent Representative

"

Your Excellency,

AUSTRALIAN MI 55 ION

TO THE UNITED NATIONS

NEW YORK

2 August, 1978

The Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Hon. Andrew Peacock, MP, has asked me to convey to you the following message in reply to Your Excellency's letter of 30 May, 1978, concerning the United Nations University.

"My Government has given the most careful consideration to your request and will continue to keep under review the possibility of supporting the University. I regret, however, that at this time the Australian Government is not in a position to contribute to the endowment fund".

Please accept, your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

His Excellency, Mr Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General, United Nations, NEW YORK. N.Y. 10017

(H.D. Anderson) Permanent Representative

d(ipublictue de f!.~te d'Ouoiie 1llnion • fJ::>facipline. • 'J 'tauail

U: REPRESENTANT PERMANENT

~}t:,"' /MNU/1/AC

/( Jt lf,_j?/r

~ISSION PERMA~NTE ~ DE LA REPUBLIQUE DE COTE D'IVOIRE

AUPRES DES NATIONS UNIES

46 EAST 74TH STREET

NEW YORK, N. Y. 10021

YU 8-3930

New-York, le 3 Juillet 1978

Monsieur le Secretaire General,

J'ai l'honneur de vous transmettre un pli ferme

n° 5945/AE/CAB-2 a votre nom arrive ce jour du Ministere des

Affaires Etrangeres.

Veuillez agreer, Monsieur le Secretaire General,

l'assurance de ma tres haute consideration.

S. E. M. Kurt WALDHEIM Secretaire General des Nations-Unies .;;;..

NEW-YORK

UR,

..

...,.,

DES AFFAIRES ETRANGERES UNION - DISCIPLINE - TRAVAIL

Le Ministre

/AE/CAB-2

Monsieur le Secretaire General,

J'ai l'honneur d'accuser reception de votre lettre du ler Juin 1978

relative au Fonds de dotation de l'Universite des NATIONS-UNIES et qui a retenu

toute man attention.

Le Gouvernement de la Republique de COTE D'IVOIRE n'est pas

en mesure actuellement d'apporter une contribution ace Fonds mais envisagera

de le faire des que ies conditions budgetaires plus favorables le leur permet­

tront.

Je vous prie d'agreer3 Monsieur le Secretaire General, les

assurances de ma tres haute consideration./.

SON EXCELLENCE MONSIEUR KURT WALDHEIM

SECRETAIRE GENERAL DES NATIONS-UNIES

N E_W - __ y ORK -----------------

Simeon AKE

·~trr 1Jrnmrnrnt JHioaion ltf ~mmbn

t~1 tl!I' 1lnitd'I ~idt4ltt8

Dear Mr. Ahmed,

lfo iTiiaaion 'l)ermnnrnte bu ~a.mtha

mtprea bt>a ~~ati.ana '1-lniea

Suite 250, 866 United Nations Plaza, New York 10017

July 11, 1978

Further to my letter of June 7, 1978, I have the honour to attach the reply of the Secretary of State for External Affairs, the Honourable Don Jamieson, to the Secretary-General's letter of June 1, 1978, concerning the United Nations University. I would be grateful if you would forward this letter to Mr. Waldheim.

Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed, Executive Assistant to the

Secretary-General, Room 3SOOE,

United Nations, New York 10017

Yours sincerely,

~. (Ms.) Gail Tyerman,

Second Secretary

OTTAWA, KlA OG2

July S, 1978

Dear Mr. Waldheim,

May I refer to your letter of June 1, concerning the United Naticns University. The Government of Canada has recently reviewed the possibility of contributing to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University.

We remain convinced of the usefulness of the University and impressed by the breadth of the programmes in which the University is already involved. I am pleased that the University and the International Development Research Centre are working together on a project on rural technology. It is with great regret, therefore, that I have to inform you that, because of the current need in Canada for budgetary restraint, the Canadian Government will not be able to give financial support to the University at this time.

I can assure you that my department will encourage officials engaged in developmental activities to cooperate as closely as possible with the United Nations University. I shall keep the rr.atter of a Canadian contributio~ under active review.

Yours sincerely,

Don Jamies

His Excellency, Mr. Kurt Waldheim,

Secretary-General of the United Nations, United Nations Headquarters,

NEW YORK, NY 10017 U.S.A.

POLSKA RZECZPOSPOLITA LUDOWA POLISH PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC

STAt.E PRZEDSTAWICIELSTWO PR2Y NARODACH ZJEDNOCZONYCH PERMANENT MISSION TO THE UNITED NATIONS

9 EAST 66TH STREET. NEW YORK. N. Y. 10021 fl-A---TEL: 74~ · .?506

No. 4404-22-78 ~

New York, 11 July 1978. 1\1J

Excellency,

In reply to Your Excellency's letter of

30 May 1978, concerning the United Nations University,

I have the honour to transmit to you the reply of the

Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Polish People's

Republic, Mr. Emil Wojtaszek.

Please accept, Excellency, the assurances of

my highest consideration.

Encl.

So~· ~ Sokalski Acting Permanent Representative

H.E. Dr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General

of the United Nations United Nations Headquarters New York, N.Y. 10017

---,

DM0-40J-9-77

Dear Mr. Secretary-General,

In reply to your letter of 30 May 1978 I would

like first to assure you of the continued support of

Poland for the activities of the United Nations

University. In spite of its rather short experience

the University, due both to its devoted staff, its

Council and countries participating in its research

programmes, has already proved its usefulness to

Member-States. We are particularly appreciative of

- as you put it - the increased measure of objectivity

and depth of scholarship the University.brings to the

international efforts to understand and solve urgent

human problems.

We stand ready to take an active part and con­

tribute to the implementation of the University's

programmes in the form of fellowships granted to

developing countries' young scientists, establishment

of postgraduate Planning and Management Center in

Warsaw, participation of our scientific institutes

iu the University co-ordinated endeavours in three

main sectors of its interest. --------------

Dr. Kurt Waldheim

Secretary-General

of the United Nations

New York, N. Y. 10017

2.

It is our expectation that the forth­

comin~ United Nations Conference on Science and

Technology to Development would be a major event

for the United Nations and for the University in

particular with regard both to its participation

in the preparatory work under way and to the imple­

mentation of the decisions to be adopted at the

Conference. It is our view that the University

could especially usefully assist this work by

directing its intellectual potential to item 4 of

the Conference agenda i.e. 11 Science, Technology

and the Future 11• We regard this item as -being of

special significance for the long-term development

of world economy and quality of human life.

Please accept, Dear Mr. Secretary-General,

the assurances of my highest consideration.

/

.,

·:;,',- .. · ... _. ,._. ..

·.·..:.' - ..... ~ . ·· .. _:-·.

Re U~ University F.M. Ecuador regrets not being able to contribute fincJ1cicilly. However willing to collaborate with-projects. In 1977 presented a project but it was rejQcted by mm.. They have now presented ar1other project on nutritional research.

In 1973 Ecuador of'fered technical staff and the

creation or an institute for scientific resea.i'ch destined to the develo~ment of natural resour~es, especiaJ.ly from the subsoil. (doc. A/9149 of 28 Septemebr 1973.)

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,-_,·.

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REPUfiUC,\ DF.L ECUADOR

:t\llNISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES

Quire, a

Senor Secretario General;

.--(;, c:.. --

r------- ; r -lt::::r .. •[':' 1r, ~,r·-:,-:-:~~'.;a r.o:-~T.R')L : I -·•·-· ------

Tengo a honra avisar recibo d Vuestra Excelencia ·de la atenta

corta de 30 de mayo anterior, en la que, luego de poner de manifiesto

la importancia de la Universidad de las Naciones Unidas 0s1 como de los

programos que ha emprendido en sus tres oiios de vida en los campos de

la investigacion, la difusion de conocimientos y el fortolecimiento de los

servicios de formacion post- universitaria porticularmente de los poises en

desorrollo, se sirve senalor el estodo actual del financiamiento del Fondo

de Dotacion de esa entidad inrernocionc.1l y recordarme la exhortacion que

· hiciera la A.samblea General a los Estados Miembros, en su XXXII Periodo

de Sesiones, para que realicen contribuciones sustanciales al citado Fondo

con inirns a que la Universidod pueda cumplir efi cazmente sus funciones.

Consci ente el Ecuador de la troscendencia de las labor es enco-

mendadas a la Universidad de las Naciones Unidos, especiolmente en lo

relativo a las 11 investigaciones orientados hocio la adopcion de decisiones

sobre los problemas generales opremiontes de la supervivencio, el desorro­

llo y el bienestar humanos 11 y a 11 l0 formacion postuniversitaria de jovenes

espccialistas e investigadores en benefi cio de lo comunidad mundial 11, opto

Al Excelentisimo Senor KURT WALDHEIM Secretario General de la Organizacion de las Naciones Unidos Nt1PVO Vo r k

2./

REPUBLICA DEi. ECUADOR

MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES

por una de las modalidades de contribucion previstas para el funciona­

miento de esa entidad - distinta a la financiera - al ofrecer personal

tecnico y la creacion de un institute de investigacion cie~tffica desti­

ncdo a la explotaci6n de recurses natural es, especiclmente del subsuelo,

que estaria afiliado a esa Universidad, segun consto en el documento

A/ 9149, de 28 de septi-~m6re de 1973. Por otra parte, a comienzos

de 1977, el Ecuador hizo llegar un proyecto de creacion <lei lnsi-ituto

Superior de Pedagogic Universitario, el mismo que no fue acepJ-ado por

la referida Universidad por no corresponder al plan de trobojo de prime­

ra priori dad trazado por su Consejo; mas cun, · al momenta el pois tiene

presentado un nuevo proyecto sobre la lnvestigacion en el campo de la

Nutricion, en el que tienen notable interes el Ministerio de Salud Publi­

c~, lo Universidad Central del Ecuador y el lnstitui"o Ecuatoriano de Se­

guridad Social.

Siendo el Ecuador un pois en vfos de desorrollo, cuyos recur-

sos economicos son insuficientes para el cumplimiento de sus aspiraciones

de progreso en favor de sus propios habitantes, la:nentablemente no esta

en posibi Ii dad de ofrecer, al menos por el memento, una contribucion

finonciera. Sinembargo, sigue dispuesto a colaborar con la Universidad

de las Naciones Unidas mediante la ejecucion de los proyectos a las que

::-

3./

REPUBUCA DEL ECUADOR MINISTERIO DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES

he hecho referenda en el porrafo anterior, en las condiciones que

lleguen a acordarse entre ella y el Gobierno ecuatoriono, atendien

· do as, a lo exhortacion de lo hamblea General, contenicla en la

Resoluci5n 3254, que hace alusion no soio a las contribuciones fi -

nancieras sin,:, tambien a las de otra 1ndoie 91Je pudieren hacer los

Estodos Miembros a los prog.amos especfficos de la Universidad In-

ternc1cional.

Hago propicia la occsion pc1ra renovar a Vuestra Excelen­

cia el testimonio de mi di:.tinguida consideracion.

A~~~ Gustavo Rua! es Vi el,

SUBSECRETARIO GEt'~ERAL DE RELACIONES EXTERIORES

DEL ECUADOR.

'

Dear Mr. Ambassador,

I wish to acknowledge receipt of your letter of 13 June 1978, regarding the financial situation of the United Nations University and have carefully noted the serious concern of your Government in ·this respect.

As you will recall, I had expressed my own concern regarding this matter during my recent discussions with Bis Excellency, ~d:. Sunao Sonoda, the .Minister for Foreign Affairs of Japan, and I informed him of the action X intended to take in pursuance of the responsibilities entrusted to me by the General Assembly under resolution 32/S4. z have since then addressed letters of appeal for additional resources for. the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University to the Governments of potential donor States, and I am ready to convene an informal meeting along the lines _you have proposed. However, I am sure you will agree that:. before making any final decision, it. would be advisable to await the .response to this appeal ..

I would like to assure you that l will certainly keep in touch regarding the proposed meeting, and will itnform you of any developmentso

With kind regards.

You.re sincerely,

Kurt walaheim

Bis Excellency Mr. lsao Abe Permanent Representative of Japan

to the United Nations New York

-

' I

I,

SC/78/168

Excellency,

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ft?{

PERMANENT MISSION OF JAPAN

TO TH:e'luNITED NATIONS

~EW YORK

13 June 1978 /(

Following the discussions which H. E. Mr. Sonoda, our Minister for Foreign Affairs, held with you on 29 May 1978 regarding the financial resources of the United Nations Univer­sity, I have been instructed to inform you that the Government of Japan, while appreciating your valuable assistance in augment­ing the finances of the University, views the financial situation faced by the University as becoming extremely serious.

In view of the continued lack of financial support from other countries, any further financial support from Japan will hence­forth have to be considered very difficult. Since the proceeds of the Endowment Fund, which amounts to $78., 005, 958 to date, and of which Japan's contributions are $70 million, have to be utilized to a very substantial extent for the running cost of the institution, the University does not seem to have sufficient resources to devote to its essential programme activities. If the situation is not remedied soon, the University may have to close its doors or drastically reduce its .activities due to the lack of substantial international support, a prospect that you and I would hate to entertain. The prestige of the United Nations itself would be heavily damaged. I am sure Your Excellency would agree with me that such a dire situation should be avoided by all means.

H. E. Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General United Nations

. •••• I

'-.-,

- 2 -

In light of the situation that has just been described, we feel compelled to request Your Excellency urgently to consider convening soon an informal meeting with the representatives of potential major donor countries for the purpose of helping the finances of the University. Such a meeting might also be attended by Mr. James Hester, the Rector of the University, as well as Mr. Marcel Roche, the Chairman of the University Council. I too shall be most happy to participate as representative of the host country.

I understand that the University Council will meet in Vienna towards the end of June, and is expected to adopt a decision on the financial situation of the University somewhat along the lines of General Assembly resolution 32/54, by which the Secretary-General has been requested to explore more effective means of raising funds.

If you agree with the basic idea of convening soch a meeting, I shall be glad to meet with your senior colleagues to discuss con­crete modalities in organizing it.

Accept, Excellency, the renewed assurances of my highest consideration.

- --------------1 sao Abe

----------Ambassm:lorExtraordtnary and Plenipotentiary Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations

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~-a,,_,-,_'._,,.-,,,,, --· :·- ·- • ··-•' :- .· · and disser.unation of knowledge of great p:>tential value to .. ~ ·,9 ""~•'' ,.,..,.,-...... -. · ,_.

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. ·:·;.:.:',.:<.,;." :_·,; ,;- .-objectivity and depthof ~'-olarship to the :international-: ·;::~::iii,.~-~:i,~;;;,;_;,_ ;-:;;;::: ~'·• ,, ·, ~· :; .. ~~.~~~;=1:~~~~~'f"::::f r·~:~"•~.,,z;;:~,:;~: \}/f:-~' - -,- ·:-;;_:7.:.-,''lhe·University is mt funded through regular 1:uiget''/. >":i.'.', :;•,::~·.;;;,..:.~

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should be met b~l i.ncaue derived fral an ~ F\md, mioh , -.-~v"· ·.,•· '" :~s:"'.-'-·--':-_ ,.:_ "tal .. _.:1 ,1..,-4,.~....,.. f 1 ._,,,,...~ tributions· '-• :'W'F~~.:i~~\~-=;;;~l,§f ~ a capl. 4W- o::,ns.r.,.;;;,, .... '-,U;f O VO un ......... .r oon . . _u:, -~-.,.,;,;::~~;•,""-•"'.;;:,.-",e ,._;~~.:..-~i-l>enber States whlc"l are invested under the supe:vision of the ;,;~::/.~::,~;::-:,.0:~ia:,~c..,~

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'l'roaSUrer of the U'lited Nations •. :-nie procee:ls provide _the· ·~ ~-,.rf¾!l!P· ···. _ ., . principal. booget SllPIX)rt for the. ~versicy •. , A target (?f ·-'.~ 0 :,'~::}lfi~~t;J;/

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pledged a total of $124.25 mill.ial. A.~ of go,rermrents -;,/.#..~;,:t_ic·.~ .. ,:.~~; · ,,_,;c,-:e:,~:;~'f?-~y:_::·-. ,. ---~- have also given annual ccntributlons ·to assist in initiating ;~.i.£'tf';2J~;1=

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Revised list of countries to be sent Secretary-General's letter for United Nations University Endowment Fund

1. Major donors: Australia, Austria,

2.

3.

· Canada, Denmark, Federal Republic of Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Norv,ay, united Kingdom, USA, Switzerland.

OPEC countries: Algeria, Ecuador,· Gabon, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Qatar, United Arab Emirates.

Eastern European countries: Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Romania, USSR, YU.goslavia •

:\" '

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4. Others: Argentina, Brazil, Egypt, Ivo!;y Coast, Kenya,

•Mexico, Morocco, Tanzani~.

Colombia, Malaysia

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''Jthe MwuisGer of' F@fY'ei;'gr,l; Affe:itYs June 20th, 1978

Excellency,

I would like to thank you, Mr. Secretary General,for

your letter of May 30th, 1978 regarding the operations of

the United Nations University and its financial requirements.

I am grateful to Your Excellency for informing me of

the scope of the university's activities and I am happy to

learn that if has been successful in launching numerous

useful programmes.

Regarding the appeal for financial contribution to

the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University, I would

like to assure you that the matter has been given careful

consideration. However, owing to Iran's present financial

difficulties and considering our effective involvement in

many fields of activity related to the United Nations, the

Government of Iran is regretfully not in a position to ex­

tend financial assistance at this time.

I wish the United Nations University all success in its valuable undertakings.

Please accept, Mr. Secretary General, the assurances of my highest consideration.

His Excellency

Mr. Kurt Waldheim

Secretary General

United Nations Secretariat

New York,

U.S.A.

Abbas Ali Khalatbary

I !:

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A MAGYAR NEPKOZTARSASAG ALLANDO KEPVISELET;E - -·- ----

AZ EGYESUL T NEMZETEK SZERVEZETE MELLETT.

PERMANENT MISSION OF" THE HUNGARIAN PEOPLE'S REPLJBUC

' TO THE UNITED NATIONS i \ ·; ·. --, I_-10 EAST 75TH STREET, NEW YORK, N. Y, 10021 ! j 'I

1

. .

447-1/1978 Septembe;c, '13, 1978

~\ ~~

/""

r-·-1. ,-. ·, '

._:: ..

The Permanent Representative of the Hungarian People's Republic to the United Nations presents his compliments to the Secretary-General of the United Nations and, with reference to his letter of 30 May 1978 on the objectives of the United Nations University and of the main areas of its activity, has the honour to forward herewith the letter of the State Secretary for Foreign Affairse

•. ,. -

./

The Permanent Representative of the Hungarian People's Republic to the United Nations avails himself of this opportunity to renew to the Secretary-General of the United ~ations the assurances of his highest consideration.

Secretary-General of the United Nations

NEW YO R K

L

...

{MINISZTERIUMI ALLAMTITKAI?

fr

Your Excellency,

I thank you for your letter of 30 May 1978 informing me of the objectives of the United Nations University and of the main areas of its activity.

My Government pays great attention to the solution of mankind's urgent problems, including efforts to ease the difficulties confronting the developing countries, and it has given proof of its interest in this endeavour by several measures which it has taken already and will continue to take in future. In this spirit and by a thorough study of Your Excellency's letter and the relevant resolution of the United Nations my Government is considering the ways and means for making a contribution to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University. As soon as my Government has found a way of contributing to the expenses of the University, I shall inform Your Excellency without delay.

The circumstance that my Government has pledged no contribution so far to the Endowment Fund of the United Nations University does not imply our lack of interest in the activity of the University., and in the efforts to find a form of cooperation which is satisfactory both to the University and to the Hungarian Government. It was within the framework of such endeavour that the United Nations University was represented at the Seminar on Food Production and Human Nutrition, which was held in Hungary between 5 and 10 June 1978 under the auspices of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy and that we welcomed to Hungary Mr. Kwapong, Vice-Rector of the United Nations University.

Please accept, Your Excellency, the assurances of my highest ccnsideration.

His Excellency I I

Mr. Kurt Waldheim The Secretary-General of the United Nations N e w - Y o r k

)

/ Pal RACZ /

TO: A:

THROUGH: S/C DE:

FROM: DE:

SUBJECT: OBJ ET:

--- ---------

UNITED NATIONS

INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR

'l11.e Secretary-General

Mr. Albert Rohan, Deputy Executive Assistant to eht Secretary-General

DATE, 12 September 1978

/!lr_'"'"c,, Jean Ripert, Under-Secretary-General f.or \Q(';;~

International Economic and Social Affairs~

United Nations University

1. In your letter to Ambassador Abe of Japan, dated 15 June 1978, you agreed in priniciple to convene an infonnal meeting with representatives of potential major donor countries regarding the endowment fund of the United Nations University.

2. In July, it was decided not to hold such a meeting until September.

3. The Government of Japan attaches considerable importance to holding such a meeting as Japan has continued to carry the major financial responsibility for the University since its inception. It is understood that Mr. Okawa, the Director-General of the United Nations Bureau in the Foreign Ministry of the Government of Japan, will be in New York this month. Three dates have, therefore, been suggested by the Japanese Mission, i.e. 22, 27, 28 September, for convening the meeting.

4. I have discussed this matter with Mr. Hester, the Rector, and share his view that a meeting with ambassadors of potential major donor countries from the developed world convened by yourself cou).d be useful. It has been tentatively suggested that the following countries be considered for inclusion: Canada, Australia, France, Gennany, -tl::aty, United Kingdom, and United States. ,' . , , . , . _ · · ' .l

5. If you could give your agreement to this suggestion, and if any of the dates are convenient for you, we could proceed immediately to convene the meeting.

6. Normally, Mr. Hester would attend such a meeting on behalf of the University. He has informed me, however, that he plans to be in Tokyo on the dates proposed for convening a meeting. If you think he should be present, we could encourage him to attend.

rl .,

2 August, 1978

Dear Mr Ahmed,

I refer to your letter of 31 May 1978, addressed to my predecessor, Mr Harry, with which you transmitted a letter from the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Hon. Andrew Peacock, MP, concerning the United Nations University.

I have now been asked by the Minister to convey the enclosed reply to the Secretary-General, and I should be grateful if you would kindly transmit it to him!-=-.

Mr Rafeeuddin Ahmed, Executive Assistant to

the Secretary-General, United Nations, NEW YORK. N.Y. 10017

Yours sincerely,

(H.D. Anderson) Permanent Representative

----

' I

i .~ .. (":f ~ ~

.. *

(

Your Excellency,

AUSTRALIAN MISSION

TO THE UNITED NATIONS

NEW YORK

2 August, 1978

The Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs, the Hon. Andrew Peacock, MP, has asked me to convey to you the following message in reply to Your Excellency's letter of 30 May, 1978, concerning the United Nations University.

"My Government has given the most careful consideration to your request and will continue to keep under review the possibility of supporting the University. I regret, however, that at this time the Australian Government is not in a position to contribute to the endowment fund".

Please accept, your Excellency, the assurances of my highest consideration.

His Excellency, Mr Kurt Waldheim, Secretary-General, United Nations, NEW YORK. N.Y. 10017

(H.D. Anderson) Permanent Representative

28 JU.ly 1978

near Glenn,

~ you very much for your letter of 29 June

1978,, which I recaived upon my return to New York from official business abroad.

As you Jmow, I grea:tly appreciate your efforts to secure united Stat.es support for the united N-at.ions university and sincerely hope that i1: will still be

possible to gain a substantial American contribution for this tn-eortant ven.t.ure.. I am moat grateful to you for your endeavours in this eonneYJ.on.

I am also· very touched. by your concern for Cissy and your kind <Jffers of assistance .. Fox-tunately, however, she appears to '.be very much better now and is almost fully recovered.,.

We both hope to see you soon and. wish you a

pleasant: sU1lllller 1n Vermont.

With our wam personal regards to you and Eva.,

Yours sincerely,

Ml:. Glenn A. Olds President Alaska .Methodist. University Aneho-rage

I<urt Waldheim

, ___ ..

Alaska Methodist University Anchorage, Alaska 99504

June 29, 1978

·The Honorable Kurt Waldheim The Secretary General United Nations United Nations Plaza, 30th Floor New York, New York 10017

Dear Kurt:

Office of the~ 907-276-8181 ;,,..._

Thank you for your letter of the 14th. I have just sent a batch of letters off to the key Senators, whom I know personally, on behalf of U.S. support for the United Nations University and at the suggestion of Jim Hester. Alas, most of them have already been in support of the legislation but, as you know, the House has just stricken the contribution from their Appropriations Bill, and I'm seeking to get them to restore it in the Senate.

Eva and I both regret that our friend, Bonnie Pruden, of whom we spoke was not able to be in touch with Cissy and be of possible help to her, in what we know must have been an excruciatingly painful period. We sustain her and you in our thought and prayers daily, grateful for your friendship, inspired by your leadership and confident in the future of the United Nations and its role in the world under your continued and challenging direction.

You know ou'r abiding interest in being helpful in any way and at any time we can. Eva joins in sending affectionate greetings to you both and the earnest hope that we may, indeed, see you here in this bridge between the Americas and Asia, anchoring the Pacific Rim, and inviting the 21st century in a new and special way.

We will hope to have a bit of respite on our mountain top in Vermont in July. If we get in the City, we will certainly give you a ring. I suspect it will be a heavy summer for you out of the office. You do know, however, of our affectionate 1 regards always.

Faithfully,

9½ Glenn A. Olds President

GAO/eel

NOTE FOR THE SECRETARY-GENERAL

Res united Nations Universit.y_

Your letter to potential donor coUfitries {approximately 40) was sent out on 1 June 1978.

Up to now, five replies have been received (Iran, Canada, Poland, the Ivory coast and EcUador) saying that they regret they cannot make any financial contributions.

Your L;cellency,

\ 1 ,June 197S

As you na-1 be a~re, the r,nite:1 i'Jc1.tion~ Tnivorsit'/ is row in its third ye!J.r of ~ationn. It has alroady laur1c:;.cJ ext.remEily useful programmes of re.".srord:1., advanced traininr:;, and disse:ii.,mtion of knowledge of crr>...at ;:otf..ntial value to the world, es.pe--:i.'31 ly t..1.e de\7131.o"'~ing cou."ltriea. !1: is hclp.inq to rcve..."rSe t_;,e brai."1 drain by strcngtheni.'1.g resenrch and adva'1ccl training facilities in de-1elopirtJ cou,.·Ttries. At th'2) sa."'tle time, itf; progra,"T.-ies are bring-ing an increased ,liearmre of objectivity and dept.ti of ac..1iolarship to t.'le intcrna.tio.11.al effort to undf'.rst..vid. and solve Ul"'<'Jcnt ht..~"1 proble!:4P!.

i:I~he University' i.~ rot funded through rc,g,..tlar hudget appropriation.~. It is i.."l.tcn:::"iev-J that its opcr,.....,,.-atincr. expense.C:.t sr-.ould be rr.et by inccmo derive-1 frcm n..'1 gr.tk,r.-~-cnt ?un.1. ·which is a ca-pi tsl fund C0:.'1.~iBting of voluntar'{ contributin:-i."J bv r~~.ber State~, which are investe1 uncler the s-4..4T..r.rision of t"'le .rrreasurer of t.rie Dr.ite<l Natior.fl. The pro,-=eeds prcr.,ide the .:-r.incinal budqet sm,part -for the Unh,-ersitv. A .. ..,_-rrqct of-i:;s $500 r:illion h:\s· been set for t.l-te. rmo ... ~t !"und, to re raiseJ, if po!-milile, by 1981. f..",o far, 9 gcvc..-.r--:1e1t.c=; h.3.W~ -1-'fnorl "' to,1. ... , o{l ~l?!.1 ··s ""lilli"'·... ,._ n,..,.,.,...,...,.. of ,...,,....,..e~n'""' J_.I' ~ ...... )~II- !:.:Ji, ·\.Q.J.,. - ',- <L,.,. ... £. ~}4- ~.s.. -~ ... \,,,;11,YI\.~ . \..1:=..J"\:''~-i.,•::..__: _u, have also given a.i--inual contributions w ll:.~si.;;t i.'1 initiatinrr the activities of the Uni~.rersi-L-y, ~na. it is hof-81 t..'1.at t'li.c-{ will make (>.riioht!'.cmt pl~g-e.s in the near 5.rt:.u·e.

'Ihe ~1tut1 o= the University's proq::-ess C3l"stot be sustai..'1et1; howe·,rer. wit."1out milist-:1ntiallv increase::1 ro~urce?P:. It is for this reason th,'!\t the C-eneral f}SSBM.blv at itc; '"'hLrty­~'""C..•1d Regular Session ~~..aled to all f~f-"'r',bc::- ~tat.(?S ''to r.l&.e s~tantial o:,r-.tr5.b..lti0!".s to t.he 'f.n:1owrrcnt run:'! o~ t.~ Lni ted Nation~i University•· • I t.'1erefore wa:lld a.gk Your :S;~lle.ricy' s DoV'el:.nTIC-mt to qive urcent ar.d syt.1r,iathetic consice...."""at..fon to t.trlz apfP_a_l and ~al-:e c:t.'1 E".arly a11f1 qen .. 0.rous contribution tc the !21dowme.'1t Fund o=' t.">m UniteJ Nations University e:, tr._"'l.t the University cari effcc'-._ively fulfil t..r1e ~ortant !"f'_sponsi­biH.ties ent:t".mte:~': to it by the 0-~'l'leral 1-.ssanbly.

PleaPe accept, Your D.-:cellcr1cy I th.e assurances of TT/ hiqhei:;t con .. sideration.

His :':XC£:llt"c!nCy ':he Rt. Ron • Dr. D1vi(~ Owen , ' '. P.. Se-:::reta:ry o~ St.:'1.te fer Forcin:n an·: ('orrinn"-%:!'11.th :'\.f'"~L~ Unit,..:,

~ i.'-f:

MC/jb

Dear Mr. Roche,

cc: SG

cc: Mr. Na:imimhan (with cc. , of incoming)

~· VIl'Jv\..,

10 J\lly 1978

In th6 absence of the Secretary-General., I wish to acknowledge your letter of 30 June 1978, enclosing a copy of the resolution recently adopted by the Council of the United Nations Universityn

I would like to assure you that I will bring your letter to the Secretary-General's attention upon his return to Headquarters, and I know that he would wish me to thank. you for your kind remarks concerning Mr. C. V. Narasimhan' s contribution to the work of the United Nations University. I am sure that the Secretary­General will also very much appreciate the words which you have addressed to 'him personally\!"

With kind regards,

Mr. Mareel Roche Chairman of the Council The United Nations University Tokyo

Yours sincerely,

Albert Rohan Director

29th Floor, Toho Seimei Building 15-1, Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku Tokyo 150

...

@ THE UNITED NATIONS UNIVERSITY f'

29th Floor. Toho Seimei Building

15-1. Shibuya 2-chome, Shibuya-ku,

Tokyo 150, Japan

,· .J 'r150Jlt)i(iBi/H:i-IB:iJFa-2-15-1 llt1B$.;i/;t:'J~29rn 1

i. TELEPHONE :(03)499-2811

30 June 1978

Dear Mr. Secretary-General,

It is our pleasure to inform you that ai our Tenth Session held in Vienna_, Austria, the Council of the United Nations University adopted a resolution expressing its gratitude and feeling of deepest appreciation for Mr. C.V. Narasimhan's outstanding contribution to che work of the United Nations University as your Representative. With this letter, I am enclosing. a copy of th8 Council's resolution.

We also wish to convey our gratitude to you for your deep interest in the University which you have manifested in many ways, one of which was your designation of Mr. Narasimhan as your Representative in the Council. LYo~,ely(&L

Mr. Kurt Waldheim Secretary-General ThP. United Nations New York, New York 10017 U. S. A.

TELEX:J25442 UN'\TUNIV CABLE: UNATUNIV TOKYO

Ma eel Roche Chairman of the Council

,, ,,,

AR/JEB 30 May 197

b/f: RA/F.G

CONFIDRNTIAL

NOTE FOR THE FILE ON A MEETING IN THE SECRETARY-GENERAL'S OFFICE ON MONDAY, 29 MAY 1978, AT 10 A.M.

Present: The Secretary-General

H.E. Mr. Sunao Sonoda, Foreign Minister of Japan

H.E. Mr. Isac Abe, Permanent Representative of Japan to the United Nations

• Deputy Foreign Minister Five aides

Mr. G. Akatani Mr. A. Rohan

After an exchange of courtesies, the Foreiqh Minister raised

the following points:

1. The Japanese Government is prepared to undertake every effort to make the Special Session of the General

Assembly on Disarmament a success. It also very much

appreciates the Secretary-General's own efforts in this regard.

2. The considerable lack of contributions to the United Nations University in Tokyo is causing serious concern in Japan. In this context a tendency in the u.s. congress to vote against a contribution to the University is to be

noted. The Japanese Government, for its part, would. increase its contribution and hoped that the Secretary­General would help to solve this problem.

3. DUring his recent meeting with the Secretary-General,

Prime Minister Fukuda had mentioned the problem of . , recruitment of Japanes~ nationals to posts in the UN

" Secretariat. It was important that some progress be made in this regard.

. 4. The Japanese Government was now ready to sign the

· Human Rights covenantswhich it considered ~~-~ important _--.,..-----=:---_._.·_-_-

- 2 -

springboard for further activities in the field of

Human Rights.

The Secretary-General expressed his great pleasure for having the opportunity to meet with Prime Minister FUkuda and Foreign Minister Sonoda in such quicl~ succession. He said

that he appreciated the active Japanese participation in the S?ecial Session. This session should not be expected to be

a forum for concrete negotiations. By adopting a programme of action, it should create a framework for future negotiations

i in other fora.- · ,Much would now depend on the bilateral efforts

of th~ big powers. Sor..e progress had already been made in Salt and there was hope for a complete test ban on nuclear

weapons.

' The Secretary-General thanked th~ Foreign Minister for the Japanese contribution to the UN university and informed

him that he was going to send personal letters to the governments of potential donor countries requesting contributions. He hoped that these efforts would be successful.

With regard to a better representation of Japan in the

UN Secret~riat, the Secretary-General said that he would be glad if Japan would keep the post of Under-Secretary-General for Public Information. He would also see to it that other

hish posts in the Secretariat would be offered to Japan.

The Secretary-General welcomed the signing of the Human

Rights covenants by Japan and said that he would like to pay

tribute to the Government and people of Japan for their efforts

to preserve human rights.

The Secretary-General finally expressed his appreciation for the excellent co-operation established with Ambassador Abe

and for the most valuable contribution Mr. Akatani was making .. to the work of the Secretariat.

uuu l,'e.o ____ ,,,.-.~--

TELEPHONE 421- 6934

Dear Mr. Ahmed,

PERMANENT MISSION OF

IRELAND TO THE UNITED NATIONS

1 DAG HAMMARSKJOLD PLAZA

885 SECOND AVENUE, l9T.!' FLOOR

NEW YORK, N. Y. 10017

13th June,1978

I write to acknowledge with very many thanks

the receipt of your letter of 31st May with which was enclosed

a letter addressed to His Excellency Mr. Michael O'Kennedy, T.D.,

Minister for Foreign Affairs, regarding the United Nations

University. I have been glad to transmit the letter as requested.

Mr. Rafeeuddin Ahmed Executive Assistant to the Secretary-General United Nations New York.

Yours sincerelgi

El~dg JG----<-~ Ambassador Permanent Representative of Ireland to the United Nations

FMG/JEB

18 April 1978 p,,r[r­b/f: RA/AR ~

f ~\ NOTE FOR THE FILE

United Nations University

Efforts regarding a US contribution

Mr. Tamayo has written several memos on this subject and

has also addressed himself to it by telephone and when he came

to New York.

Basically he thinks that the activities of the UNU in

Washington are not effective and have created unwelcome

precedents and by-passed the existing machinery.

In an effort to give the UNU a'non political11 image, the

UNU hired consultants to work with officials in Washington and

NGOs in the country without, however, any co-ordination with the

Information Centre. The services of a public relations

firm were apparently retained with regard to the media and

Mr. Valeo, a former congressional staff member, has registered himself as a lobbyist for UNU.

Mr. Tamayo seems to have indications that these actions have not been successful in explaining UNU 1 s aims and activities,

neither to the public nor to the government, and, in fact, up to

1978, the US congress has so far refused to contribute to the

funding of UNU.

In his most recent memo, however, Mr. Tamayo reports some

positive developments. Mr. Hester has visited the Information

Centre and has expressed his intention to closely co-ordinate

with the Centre in the future. The House Sub-Committee of

International Relations has apparently decided to support a

$7,500 million contribution to UNU for 1979.

TO: A:

UNITED NATIONS

INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM

NATIONS UNIES

MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR

Mr. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel DATE, 21 March 1978 Special Assistant to the Secretary-General

F!EFERENCE: _______ _

THROUGH: S/C DE:

Marcial Tamayo, Director, UNIC, Washington, D.~~

SUBJECT: United Nations University - New Developments OBJET:

FROM: DE:

Further to our memorandum of 10 March 1978 concerning the United Nations University, we wish to report certain new developments. Mr. Hester visited Washington on 16 March in connection with congressional action on funding for the University. He was accompanied by his Chief of Communications, Mr. Ray Fleming, and the University's newly-appointed consultant in Washington, Mr. Frank Valeo, of whom we wrote in our previous memorandum.

Mr. Hester paid a courtesy call to the Gent:i:::-e_, and later met with Congressman Clarence Long of the House Appropriations Committee and with staff members of the House International Relations Committee.

During his discussions at the Centre, and in line with previous conversations we had had with Mr. Fleming, Mr. Hester stated that he ts working towards bringing the University back igiQ_t.l!~_JJN system ~f organi~~ti_o:ris and·~a_oking :forward to working with this office i.r:t the future. Mr. Hester was briefed on the current status of the Foreign Assistance Bill being considered by the Congress. In particular, he was told that on 15 March, the House Subcommittee on International Relations supported the fuqg__ing.,.._0-:f.. __ the.-Uriiirnrs_i_ty a~t_ $7. 5

- ---•--- • • _,,.,,_A._.,..~,• •-

mi 11 ion for 1979. The full House International Relations --·-·· ~

Committee wi!i consider the bill during the first week of April.

Staff members of the House International Relations Committee met with Messers Hester, Fleming and Valeo, who were questioned about the programmes being planned b~e·University and the amount of money to be spent on each. Mr. Hester was asked to counter bharges that the University is duplicating efforts by other bodies of the UN system, particularly in areas relating to environment, food and education. He was also queried as to whether Mr. Valeo is a staff member of the University.

., . j (more)

Mr. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel 21 March 1978 Page 2

In spite of these pointed questions, our sources inform us that Mr. Hester made a favorable impression during his conver­sations with the Committee staff.

During hearings of the Subcommittee on Foreign Operations of the House Committee on Appropriations held the afternoon of the sixteenth, Congressman Matthew McHugh introduced a letter signed by Mr. Hester into the Congressional Record. He also directed questions to witnesses concerning programming of the UNU and about contributions by other Member States to the endowment fund of the Universi~. In general, the questioning was favorable.

we· are enclosing a clipping on the activities of Mr. Hester which appeared in the Washington Post of 17 March 1978.

\

. "

.Forum of Courtesy, Brains .A1~d Breathtaking Riddles

. c· ·· ROWING UP in Samoa and N01;th Caro- . ' · ·. lina, and New.port and California and Ha-. .wail and I believe New York, or perhaps

, . it was the Philadelphia.Navy Yard, James Hester wished to become a 'writer, possibly,. to make some sense of geographical confusion. · ·

But he' had no faith he could· actually feed him- ·. self by scribble,.,scrjbble aii the day, so he pre­pared himself for an· academic job, which meant · getting degrees, and'--to be brief about it-the . tail began to wag the dog, as it were, arid the writer part of his soul lost out. · . He became president of New York University at the age .of 37 and (unless interdepartmental memoranda be literature) has not written a word since. .

"I was happy in New 'York," he said yesterday while on a visit do'wn here to wring money out of Congress, "with my wife and children in a fine penthouse on Washington Square."

See ANY DAY,. B5, .Col. 1 . . .·

. . ; - ' .· ,:

It's Friday so it can't.be Oslo. That • · •. · · kind of schedule. ,,.s;:r_..:.•

·' · As this blue-eyed, Coke-drinii.fog, , .. gray,haired engine zooms about. it

ANY DAY, From Bl ' ; It was nice being president of NYU '. because the corporations and all the i alumni were right there and he didn't j have to race all over the world like , most college presidents. ; And then he got around to being 50 i and felt 14 years was enough for 1Washington Square: ·f'~· "But at 50 you're not· old, not ready 'to retire and you still think you want :' a challe~ge-what's a word for chal­: 1enge that doesn't sound so dumb?­·. so I was•. ripe for ·considering the offer ; of the new United Nations Univer­, sity." i_ That is how he became president of UNU in Tokyo, and he was here drumming on the Congress because the· United States is dragging, in its financial support.

"When we asked for the $10 million in election year, Ronald Reagan was prominent· and one man -in· Washing-. ton told me, 'There are' just two things wrong for your request for·money for. the United Nations University. One, United Nations, and two, university}"

As everyone recalls, those were good days for getting money to burn coyote pups out of their dens-or any other project that sounded stout-heart­ed and stalwart and pioneerish and rough.

. The university, since some have not heard of it, .is less like a regular col­lege· (sex, beer barrels, and two bright instructors new to academe and there­fore galvanic) and more like a think tank of a· curious sort, in which they not merely ponder imponderables but grab hold of everything that's gone a{vry and show how to right it.

•Solar energy, food supplies (40 per­cent of the food in some countries is wasted through bad storage, and a train 3,000 miles long would be need­ed to haul the grain the tats eat every ,fear in India), development of eco­nomics, societies-these are great (if breathtaking) riddles and . Hester's university proposes to grapple.

The university does not so much send expertise from America to show the poor folk how to do things right, as to marshal the intellectual forces within a country to do its own think­ing and solving ..

The United Nations itself, which many pie-sky types thought would b.e a noble discourse of reason amongst men, etc., is of course a political or­ganization and nations meet t'here commonly in an adversary stance. The Russians. say zip and the West says zap and. each is annoyed with the ob­tuseness of the other.

But the United Nations University, Hester went on, is to · be that" true fo-

. rum. of ideas, wrangled forth· in cour­tesy· and with brains, that a political arena cannot be. · · The university was perhaps· chiefly an ·American; dream, but it was· intro-· duced by U Thant in 1969, The gov­ernment of Japan came up with·in,itial millions and a · headquarters site; in Tokyo, and since then thern\E!dges and contributions have mounte'd :. to $126 million .. · Seventeen,. ,'J(ovii:tijlments (Zaire $100,000; Cyprus $1;282) .are giv-

. ing annually. ~o'the· operating budget. Nothing from ·the United. States.

Dr. Hester hopes '"t'o''cotrecf that. The ·university· has, an ' elaborate· ma-­chinery to guarantee• academic! free­dom, in publishing reports, in choos- , Ing projects to work ,on, in selec.ting institutions to· work. with. To escape

. the buffets of·, .political ])assio_n; the· university seeks an ultimate endow­ment of .$500 million, and American support is dee.med crucial. ·

Hester drinks' .Cokes to help (he believes) his jet lag. In. the last tbr~e weeks he· has left.Tokyo and done uni' versity works· in Sri Lanka, New Delhi. Qatar; Algeria, Geneva, Paris, .Bru~s.els,. N ew;S: ork·"and· Washington,

.. revs into high as it nears the hills of · . · international insights. Hester can

hardly abide the slowness of speech and the shortness of time as he races

· through the catalogue of examples­'110w no other .institution affords any­thing like the same intellectual clear­ing-house with anything like the same ability to assist in (for example) prac­tical technology and (if you allow the exp,ession) practical philosophy .for nations short on cash, short on fossil I.­fuels,. short on encouragement and confidence, but long • on possibilities and good local brains.

In India you can't spread Warfarin at random to kill the rats, but you can have a rattery where acceptable (to the Indians) rat control is worked out. You can't decide for the Indians how solar energy ·wm cook· their food­they cook at night when the sun is off -but you can study how their own ways can be helped by solar technol0

ogy. In Jamaica researchers are working

on protein-energy balances among young children in two poor countries; in Thailand they are studying chronic infections and how these relate to protein; in Korea they study the ef­fect of internal parasites in the hu-

• man body:_what these do to proteins [ that are eaten.

Hester will go on for quite a spell at 9 600 words a minute about specifics if h~ thinks you really want to know. He will summarize his own. life in one very long sentence if you let him­school in California,. then Princeton, then Oxford (Pembroke College) and Japanese langµage school in World War II and demo,i;ratization duty in Japan thereafter, then the. Pentagon, then advertising, then .. Long Island University, then NYU · followed shortly by its presidency, then Tokyo.

He guesses his life in small-town· North Carolina helped him in what he hopes was a leadership role in inte­grating blacks into higher education at NYU. He guesses his five years in the Marines taught him a few things. And Samoa-0 beautiful island of palm trees-and Margaret Mead (whom he met later) and Oxford, and his father being a Navy chaplain and his mother's family being missionaries to Turkey, all th~se things, he reck­ons. made him think the world was an international place.

As a i:·oung fellow he liked Dostoy- · evsky and Thomas Wolfe. (Only a Tar Hell, some might say, would pair the two, but he treasures those boyhood years in the boondocks.)

His wife grinds sticks of ink and paints pine needles and bamboos. She studies the ceramics of Japan. The cultures change, the years speed by. Hester insists on seeing the Taj Mahal at sunrise, as well as in moonlight. There is time for that. There is damn well time for that.

Not a writer, no. Not ever~• dream comes true. Hardly any does. But the first light on Jehan's dome, that makes up for a dream or two. To run a university, and now another one that's something. He gets excited when he speaks of a solar village in Algeria. He gets fast, he gets all­absorbed (he does not see the pho­tographer leaving, as a politician would) in studies about drought pre­vention and why existing knowledge is not used.

He has to go, somewhere else, He is._ obedient to· his schedule, as soldiers··· are to death. He is not. going to.' see

. the light of morning on the marble; · dome today-that was m· Agra, and. '

this is Washington. · · He has a handful of 'minutes to

reach the whole .capital'and he- wants money for his institution and under­standing even more than m·oney. He is certain everyone would light up at what ·his university is doing if .. there•·. .· .. l.' were.time enough "to:go·."into many-110-·"-" :l

. pects and many details. · . ' • j Ahead of him is the task of persuad- '

ing Congress, Tomorrow to New York .. - ·,\,· · Wednesday to Kyoto, that other capi- J ..

ta!, more ancient. He thinks he will ' . see cherry trees in bloom there,. and hear the wind in the little bronze bells of the temple·eaves.-

As he approaches·.middle age (as a wag once said of the American male's middle 50s) the poets could tell him there will not be world enough or· , time. But . he would never believe them.

,, :--i

,,

·-" '" .- ~~-

,M:C 1..r/:3 :?'~

UNITED NATIONS ~-' NATIONS UNIES ~- ;J CONFIDENTIAL ~

INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR

TO: Mr. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel DATE: 10 March 1978 A: Special Assistant to the Secretary-General

F!EFERENCE: _______ _

THROUGH: 5/C DE:

Marcial Tamayo, Director, UNIC, Washington, D~

SUBJECT: United Nations University - A critical view OBJET: '"'

FROM: DE:

We are anxious to bring to the attention of the Secretary­General our concern about the activities of the United Nations University in Washington.

When the resolution calling for the UNU to embark on its work programme was adopted by the General Assembly, the Centre readied itself to conduct a vigorous information campaign to foster this organization in the United States. We recognized the importance the full participation the academic community in this country would have in the projects being formulated. In addition, there was the obvious need for funds to be appro­priated by the Congress for the University. Because the Rector is a U.S. national, our expectations that the Centre would be utilized to mobilize support for the University increased further.

It was soon after the inception of its operation that we learned that the business of the University in Washington would be conducted exclusively by its authorities, and that the Centre would not be in~~ted to participate in any fashion. Consul tan ts were hired to•·work with the officials of the Exe·cuf'Ive~nd--L~gI;i~ti.;·;·-b~~ches of government and with the media. These individuals never coordinated with the Centre on any of theirproj~c-ts-;•-·-nor-·~r:id 'th~y ~ori:re'r with us-,it·-any time. We soon recognized that the University was having diffi­culty explaining its aims and aciTvities to the public, to the media and to officials of the.Gove~~ent. We expressed doubts to· oiir"s•upe-r±or'i:r-·in--New·Yc:i'rk~· .. •ancf t~ -~'i:J:r' colleague at the UNU Liaison Office about the effectiveness of the University's endeavors in Washington and about what we recognized as an intention to dissociate itself from the United Nations. It

\I was made clear to us that the UNU had decided to take an extremely independent stance in Washington for reasons of the

'nature of the University which had been defined as essentially \ "non-political, 11 and bound by standards of academic freedom.

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.I

Mr. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel 10 March 1978 Page 2

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It seemed obvious that the University worked with the aim of avoiding what they believed to be increasing congressional opposition to the UN system.

As we discussed at length in our memorandum of JO September 1977 on U.S. contributions to UN Voluntary Programmes, a copy of which is attached, the University has been in a critical situation with regard to funding by the Congress from its inception. As you know, no funds were appropriated for the University this year although the President had requested $10 million. The decision by the Congress on this matter came at a time when congressional support for the UN in terms of financing is strong. As shown in the chart below, appropriations for a number of UN programmes were increased in 1978 and new accounts, including the Year of the Child and the Decade for Women, were added.

UNITED STATES CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND PROGRAMMES

1977 AND 1978 (In Thousands of Dollars)

UNDP UNICEF UNRWA UNEP IAEA WMO UN/FAO/WFP National Resources UNITAR UN University OAS UNEPSTA Decade for Women Year of the Child Associate Experts Capital Devpt. UN Namibia Inst. WHO, Voluntary Unallocated Shortfall

UNDRO

1977

100,000 20,0003 66,700 10,000

9,000 2,000 1,500 2,500

400 -0-

15,000 50

228,000

Final 1978 Congressional Levels

1 115,0001

25,000 42,500 10,000 10,000

2,000 1,500 2,000

50~ -0-

5 17,5001 1,0001 J,000

1 2,0001

500

-1,500

231,000 250

231,250

(for footnotes, please see over)

.,..,.,..... _...,...,

Mr. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel 10 March 1978 Page J

1Including UN Environment Programme ($10,000). Represents SFRC breakout

2Prohibition in language restored

3True comparative figure $48,700

4 Unallocated. WHO item was transferred to Health Account

5$2.5 million earmarked

The presidential request for the University for 1979 is $7.5 million which is a twenty-five percent reduction from the amount requested in 1978. The prospect for funding is bleak again this year. This was evidenced by negative comments concerning the University made by Senator Daniel Inouye, Chairman of the Senate Appropriations Subcommittee on Foreign Operations at hearings on U.S. Voluntary Contributions held 2 March. With reference to the University, Congressman Ryan also made remarks about unnecessary duplication in the UN system during hearings· the House International Relations Subcommittee on International Organizations on 8 March.

Because of the seriousness of the situation, we were pleased when we learned that the consultants in Washington were no longer working for the University and that a Chief of Communications seconded from the Central Office of Information of the Government of the Un1ted Kingdom, had been appointed in Tokyo. We anticipated that at last the Centre would be entrusted by the Rector with increased responsibility in the affairs of this organization. However, we were dismayed to learn that a former staff member of the Senate, an individual who once againi1t-~conii'e~,t'~ct-. in any-way with the United Nations, had been recruited to foster the interests of the UNU on a part-time basis. We have been advised that~_he .,new consultant is in the process of registering himself with the Clerk of tne ·House 'and of the present Secretary of the Senate as the official representative of the interests of the University vis-!-vis. the Congress. To my knowledge this is unprecedented, as there has not been a registered lobbyist for any UN programme

{}during my years in Washington.

In addition, plans are being made to contract the services of a public relations firm to engage in information activities

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. Mr. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel 10 March 1978 Page 4

on behalf of the University. However, we believe this is more properly the function of the Office of Public Information, h .. including the Centre for Economic and Social Information. (f

Also of concern to us is the membership of the U.S. Council for the University which is made up of a group of people coming from disparate fields which often have little or nothing to do with the affairs of the University. The Council includes two famous and prestigious names - Senator William Fullbright and Mr. Buckminister Fuller. However, their participation is largely ceremonial.

The Chairman of the Council, Mr. John Richardson, is an intelligent and highly-respected man in Washington. However, he works on a fulltime basis for the Centre for Strategic and International Studies. As we pointed out in our memorandum of 29 November 1976, the conservative stance of the institute makes it contrast sharply with the United Nations, and makes us question the wisdom of appointing Mr. Richardson to deal with the affairs of the UNU.

We will keep you apprised of developments in Washington, especially with regard to funding, as they occur.

In closing, and as a matter of fairness, we wish to state for the record that the efforts displayed by the UNU Li~ison Officer in New York, Mrs. Momoyo Ise, have at all times been discharged with a sense of commitment to the ideals of the United Nations an:1. a thorough understanding of the Organization in all its aspects.

Enclosures

TO: A:

THROUGH: 5/G DE:

FROM: or=--

SUBJECT: Of:JJ~I;

UNITED NATIO?\S

INTEROFFICE MEMORANDUM MEMORANDUM INTERIEUR COJ~1FTDE1\ITIAL

The Secretary-General

P.EFERENCE:

J\1r. Ferdinand Mayrhofer-Grunbuhel Special Assistant to the-Secretary-General

Narcial Tamayo, Di:r:-ector, UNIC, Washington, D .. C.

U.S. Contribntions to UN Voluntary Programmes - An Analvsis

We have prepared :for your information a comparative study of' Congressional app:r-0:priatio::1.s :for voluntary programme$ of' the United Nations for the years 1977 and 197(3. In the chart reproduced on page 2, you ,vill :note figures which represeu-1:; increases in a number of' progran1mes :for this ye,ir, as well as the addition of :funding for three. programmes ·which had been excluded .last year.

· I-

-2-

UNITED STATES CONTRIDUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGA.1'JIZATIONS AND PROGR.i\NHES

1977 AND 1978 (In Thousands of Dollars)

UNDP UNICEF UNRWA UNEP IAEA Wl'-10

. UN/FAO/WFP National Resources UNIT.AR UN University OAS UNEPSTA

Decade for Women Year of the Child Associate Experts Capital Devpt. UN Namibia Inst. WHO, Voluntary Unallocated Shortfall

UNDRO

1977

100,000 20,0003 66,700 10,000

9,000 2,000 1,500 2,500

400 -0-

15,000 50

228,000

\

1978 Adminis­tration Request

130,000 25,000 52,000 10,000 10,000

2,000 1,500 2,000

500 10,000 17,500

500

3,000

264,ooo

Final Cong­ressional Levels

1 115,0001

25,000 l~2, 500 10,000 10,000

2,000 1,500 2,000

502 -0-

17,5005 1 000

1

' 3,000

1

l 2,0001

500

- 1,500

231,000

2_50 231,250

1 Including UN Environment Programme ($10,000). Represents SFRC breakout

2 Prohibition in language restored

3 True comparative figure $48,700

l~ Unallocated. WHO item 1vas transferred to Heal th Account

5 $2.5 million earmarketl

-J-

In eeneral, the level of f'unding represents a posj_tive view of the United Nations in the Congress. However, because -the UN University received no appropriations, the complex history of this account will be discussed in some detail.

LEGISLATIVE HISTOH.Y:

a) A bill was signed into law on 29 November 1975 authorizing funds at $10 million for the University, subject to a presidential request (PL 9l~-l4l, section 205). However, because the funds were never requested by the

· Administration in 1976, the authorizat:i.on wa; not completed • . ·- -- .... ,._ ,-::-~

b)- Before leaving office at the end of 1976, President Gerald Ford submitted a budget to Congress which did not include :funds for the University.

c) In January of 1977, President Carter amended the international organization and programmes section of the Foreign ssistance Bill to include $10 million for the University.

DECISION-MAKING PROCESS WITH REGARD TO UN UNIVERSITY FUNDS:

At the beginning of the legislative process, few senior officials in the Administration were supportive of :funding :for the UN University. Their position was based on anticipation of Congressional objection to the addition of another account to the Foreign llssistance Bill.

The Office o:f Management and Budget looked with extreme disfavour on funding the University, a view which continues today.

President Carter's decision to request the Congress :for funds was the result of the direct intervention of Vice­President Mondale, after his visit to Japan during the early months of the new Administration.

The Administration forwarded the amendment calling for $.lO million for the UN University to both Houses o:f Congress. The presentation by State D2partment of':f.icials was weak, at best, and rather unclear with regard to the purposes and structure of· tho University.

UN UNIVERSITY EFFORTS DURJNG TflE AUTHORTZATICYN AND APPROPRIATIONS PROCESS:

Durinc- the past th·o years, the UN Universj ty has chosen to hire consultants to engage in legislative activity on

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its behal:f. There has been little or no contact between their· o:f:fice and the Centre. It was clear from the outset that the consul tauts wished to dis_a-s=sociate themselves :from the other UN programmes contained in the Dill. Their decision was based on a :fear of strong Congressional objection_ to the UN :family which they believed existed because o:f the increasing "politicization" of the UN. According to congressional source~·and leading NGO representatives, they expressed the view that the University was separate and distinct :from the rest of the Organization.

-1< /~

CONGRESSIONAL AT'I'UDES:

According to certain sources, the debate on the UN University was marred by :factors not germane to the issue. Observers were appalled to note, :for example, that the Japanese trade surplus was interjected into the discussion. It is of significance that Senators Daniel Inouye and· S.I. Hayakawa were opposed to :funding :for the University. A strong statement was made by Senator Hayakawa, a former Pre_sident of _San ~rancisco State University, whose opinions on education are highly respected. His expression of skepticism o:f the concepts underlying the University was a particularly devastating blow. It must be stressed, however, that the principle objection to appropriations for the UNU rested on the reluctance of the Congress to :fund a new UN programme, the purpose·of' which was not clearly defined by its advocates.

FUTURE US GOVERNMENT FUNDING FOR THE UN UNIVERSITY:

At this time, the Department of State is :forwarding a funding· level proposal to the 0MB after an inter-departmental budgetary review process calling :for $5 million :for the University in 1979. We understand that certain officials are attempting to amend this initial level to $10 million.·

The next step in this proc·ess is the review procedure by the Office of Management and Budget. There are indications that if the level is amended by the Department of State to $10 million, the 0MB will again reduce it to $5 million. However, it is expected that ultimately the conti1med interest of' Vice-President Hon.dale in the proe-ram.rne will rivive the $10 million :figure and that this will be the level presented to the Congress in January 1978.

C0:1v.INENT ON ALL CONTRIBUTIONS TO UN VOLUNTARY PROGRJ\l.·TI',,1ES 1 1979.:

Our sonrees indicate that the budget request :for :funds for all UN accounts to be submitted to Congress by the

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Adrnini·stration in January 1978 will be very positive. It is understood that the number of UN accounts will be increased to twenty-eight separate items and that there will be a total increase of approximately $90 million over last year's fundlng levels. Although the Administration is clearly indicating its strong support for the Orga..'1.iza tion in this way, the request will be subject to intense Congressional debate and probable revision. A clear precedent for this is President Carter's submission of 1977 requesting the Congress to approve $264 million for voluntary contributions for UN programmes which was reduced by the Congress to $2Jl,250,.000.