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Essentials of Cemented Knee Arthroplasty
Erik Hansen • Klaus-Dieter KühnEditors
Essentials of Cemented Knee Arthroplasty
With forewords from Michael D. Ries (University of California, San Francisco) and Patrick Sadoghi (Medical University of Graz, Austria)
EditorsErik HansenDepartment of Orthopaedic SurgeryUniversity of California San Francisco UCSFSan Francisco, CA USA
ISBN 978-3-662-63112-6 ISBN 978-3-662-63113-3 (eBook)https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63113-3
© The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE, part of Springer Nature 2022This work is subject to copyright. All rights are solely and exclusively licensed by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustra-tions, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar meth-odology now known or hereafter developed.The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.The publisher, the authors and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer-Verlag GmbH, DE part of Springer Nature.The registered company address is: Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin, Germany
Cover illustration © Left figure: Hansen E., Kühn K.D. Essentials of cemented Knee Arthroplasty (2022). Chapter 28 Zaid M.B., Vail T.P. Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty. Fig. 28.2 left / Right figure © Heraeus Medical GmbH.
Klaus-Dieter KühnDepartment of Orthopedic SurgeryMedical University of GrazGraz, Austria
V
Foreword
The final surgical treatment of end-stage osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint is total knee arthroplasty (TKA), with over 1 million cases performed annually worldwide, including over 15.000 cases per year in Austria, and more than 350 of these implanted by the Division of Knee Surgery at the Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma at the Medical University of Graz.
Contemporary TKA has substantially evolved over the past 130 years, since the first prosthesis was implanted early in 1890 by Themistocles Gluck in a 17-year-old female suffering from a tuberculous knee joint. The prosthesis was made of ivory in a hinged design as Gluck was the first surgeon who additionally experimented with bone cement including copper amalgam, plaster of Paris, and stone putty, which hardened rapidly after mixing. Whilst many of Gluck´s devices ultimately failed because of chronic infection, we have to admit that today, 130 years later, we still face the same obstacles, namely the best materials producing the lowest wear, the ideal alignment and biome-chanics, the cementation technique (Gluck favoured osseointegration although his implants could be well fixed with “cement” alone), and the treatment of early or late infection after TKA.
130 years later, we still face equal challenges such as revision surgery after failed TKA (Gluck´s ivory prosthesis had to be removed), the adequate management of post-operative complications (some of his cases ended in fistula formation), selection of the ideal patient for surgery (Gluck already recognized outcome of surgeries after previous infections) and improvement of rehabilitation or even fast-track approaches. All these aspects are still in the focus of research worldwide, and various projects are currently performed at our department in Graz, Austria.
In addition, various new technologies emerged over the past decades, such as robot-ics, patient-specific instrumentation, preoperative planning and computer-assisted sur-gery, which had significant impact with respect to accuracy and reproducibility of our results as knee surgeons. However, various level II studies performed at our own insti-tution did not reveal significant clinical benefits for our patients operated on by high- volume surgeons and have, therefore, not been implemented in our daily practice.
In 2020, our approach in Graz consisted of systematic preoperative and postopera-tive patients´ assessment (including 100% of the assessed patients in level IV studies and approx. 75% of the assessed patients in level II studies); a totally cemented, fixed TKA design using a cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloy with or without titanium-nitride coating; surgical helmet systems; an extension gap first technique with conventional (mechanical) or kinematic alignment; and patient-specific instrumenta-tion in case of intramedullary pathologies.
We can be excited regarding the future of TKA and I sincerely hope that this book feeds your interest on this ongoing scientific field.
Patrick Sadoghi Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
Foreword
It is with great pleasure that I write the foreword to Essentials of Cemented Knee Arthroplasty, edited by Erik Hansen and Klaus-Dieter Kühn. The US and European editors have done a remarkable job of assembling international experts in the field to contribute timely and well-written chapters on a topic which is considered the “gold standard” for total knee arthroplasty, but has evolved and developed over the past 50 years.
Cemented total knee arthroplasty remains one of the most clinically successful, cost-effective treatments for degenerative or inflammatory arthritis of the knee. It is anticipated that the volume of procedures performed in the coming decades will grow significantly. However, even a small proportion of replacements which do not meet expectations suggest that there is still room for improvement in the outcome of this procedure for a substantial number of patients.
Essentials of Cemented Knee Arthroplasty is a very comprehensive “one-stop-shop” book. It includes separate parts dedicated to surgical indications, surgical techniques, clinical outcomes, partial and total knee implant options, implant design, and PMMA. It goes further to discuss complications and management of failed total knee arthroplasty. Other topics covering healthcare economics and new technology which may influence the future role of total knee arthroplasty have been included. In short, there are few texts which are as all-encompassing and written by such a collection of international experts.
There is a strong focus on the subject of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) with many chapters highlighting tips and tricks of using bone cement during surgery. There are also numerous chapters dedicated to related topics, including the pros and cons of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC), antibiotic cement spacers for treatment of periprosthetic joint infection, and use of bone cement in revision total knee arthro-plasty.
While there are many textbooks focused on knee arthroplasty, what makes this text-book really standout is the compilation of international authors and perspectives on the subject matter of knee arthroplasty. A quick preview of the Table of Contents reveals novel contributions from international experts from all the major continents. These varied perspectives add depth to the subject matter and makes the messages all the more “universal”.
Michael D. RiesUniversity of California, San Francisco San Francisco, CA, USA
VII
Preface
Who would’ve or could’ve imagined how different the world would be when we first embarked on this project over a year ago? Upon reflection, a couple of things truly stand out to me. For one, the COVID pandemic has reinforced that we are truly an interconnected global community, whether it be in relation to the spread of the virus or, more importantly, the concerted international effort to develop effective treatment strategies including vaccines. Parallels can be drawn with the scope of this textbook. We set out to draw together the world experts in the field of knee arthroplasty, both because we saw value in including the varied perspectives of individual authors from all the major continents, but we also wanted a text that was relevant to the practice of knee replacement surgery throughout the globe.
Additionally, the last several months have only reinforced the importance of reliance on sound science and an evidence-based approach rather than personal opinion. Each of the chapters included in this textbook is heavily referenced with the most relevant, recent literature to ensure that the readers are provided accurate up-to-date informa-tion. As with the development of any novel therapeutics to prevent or treat the Corona virus, there will undoubtedly be varied approaches and strategies. Similarly, in the field of knee arthroplasty, there are numerous philosophical differences in surgical tech-niques and optimal implant design, and we wanted to be inclusive of these important differences. We included a part on healthcare economics to recognize that the practice of medicine cannot be divorced from the larger issues of access, geographical differ-ences, and increasingly constrained healthcare resources. There is also a novel part on databases to highlight both national and international trends in the utilization of knee arthroplasty, as well as provide macro-level data to complement other more commonly used research methodologies. We also believed that incorporating a part on the use of technology in the field of arthroplasty was timely and relevant, as it is clear that the field is heading towards greater adoption of innovative technological solutions for many current unsolved problems.
In closing, I want to express my deepest gratitude to my co-editor Professor Kühn, Barbara Krampitz (the heart and soul of the book), as well as all of the individual authors who graciously contributed to this textbook. Despite COVID-19’s disruption to family life, our clinical practices, and social norms in general, you all demonstrated remarkable resilience and an unwavering commitment to furthering knowledge in the field of arthroplasty when you were being simultaneously pulled in numerous disparate directions. I have been heartened by this international collaborative effort and am hopeful that the same spirit will get us through this current pandemic.
Humbly and respectfully,Erik Hansen, MDUniversity of California, San Francisco
Erik Hansen San Francisco, CA, USA
Acknowledgment
First of all, I wish to extend my very special thanks to Dr. Barbara Krampitz for the arduous work associated with the making of this book, especially for all organizing steps with Erik, contributors, Springer, colleagues, computer specialists, and transla-tors.
Naturally, my special thanks go to all contributors worldwide for providing their exceptional expertise and knowledge.
I also owe great thanks to Doctor E. Hansen (University of San Francisco (UCFS); California USA) for his reliable and exceptional cooperation. Erik has supervised most authors from the USA with greatest professionalism, and our constructive exchange has been decisive for the success of this book.
Furthermore, I would like to extend my thanks to all who provided scientific help and fruitful discussions, in particular Christof Berberich, who contributed two chap-ters (ALBC – discussing fear of resistance; infection risk-adjusted antibiotic prophy-laxis strategies in arthroplasty – low-dose single vs. high-dose dual ALBC) and provided thoughts on the initial table of contents which gave momentum to the book design. I would also like to thank Lothar Kiontke who provided loads of inspiration as well.
The motivated willingness of Dr. E. Lieb to support this extensive book in every phase of its creation and flexibility besides writing her doctoral thesis was amazing. She deserves extraordinary thanks. In addition, she has contributed significantly to the article Collaboration with Professor Dr. Morlock, University of Hamburg.
Since the book includes various contributions from many different countries, it was often necessary to contact the authors directly. This would not have been possible with-out B. Webb (USA), Dr. E. Lieb (F), A. Peyer (SA), M. Zaijer (B, NL), R. Gossens (B), S. Tye (AUS), Dr. C. Berberich (S), L. Kiontke (USA), S. Chua (SG), T. Furokawa, C. Hirai, and Y. Sasaki (J), Dr. B. Krampitz (ETH), and I. Martinez Kardeskog (S). A book of such scope requires the critical review of impartial experts. The main partici-pants we would like to thank are: S. Ubong, P. Vidal, B. Webb, N. Pezic, C. Abt, D. Kratzmeier, A. Mensendieck, Dr. A. Holl, and O. Vornkahl.
For the correspondence and translation from Japanese, we thank V. Aue (7 www. alealibris. de) (independent translator Japanese–English/Japanese–German) and Dr. H. Dürr (LahnPharma) (translation from German to English).
Furthermore, I would like to thank M. Zimni for the creation of the book cover and other graphics, and A. Lenzen, D. Kraplow, and Y. Bell of Springer for managing the publication of the book.
As a freelance editor, Karin Dembowsky has devotedly edited the book, checked it for conclusiveness, and put the finishing touches on it.
The support of the IT department was invaluable. J. Matuliauskas was always on hand to manage the valuable articles, illustrations, and tables.
Last but not least, I would like to thank Professor Patrick Sadoghi (Medical Univer-sity of Graz) for writing a foreword. He emphasizes the relevance of such a book from the current research approaches of the Medical University Hospital of Graz, Austria. I also would like to thank Professor Andreas Leithner (Medical University of Graz, Head and Chair of the Department of Orthopedic Surgery) for the opportunity and freedom to create the present book.
Klaus-Dieter KühnMedical University of GrazGraz, Austria
IX
Contents
I History
1 The History of Total Knee Arthroplasty ............................................................................... 3
Ioannis Gkiatas, Thomas P. Sculco, and Peter K. Sculco
II Indications
2 Osteoarthritis ....................................................................................................................................... 17
Benjamin J. Levens, Eli Kamara, and Erik Hansen
3 Osteoarthritis and Other Indications for Total Knee Arthroplasty: An East African Perspective ........................................................................................................ 23
Seid Mohammed Yasin
4 Inflammatory Arthritis ................................................................................................................... 33
Zachary K. Christopher, Jaymeson R. Arthur, and Mark J. Spangehl
5 Osteonecrosis ....................................................................................................................................... 49
Hytham S. Salem, Brandon H. Naylor, Kevin K. Mathew, and Michael A. Mont
6 Post-Traumatic Arthritis ................................................................................................................ 57
Colin T. Penrose and Michael P. Bolognesi
7 Post-Septic Arthritis ......................................................................................................................... 67
Matan Ozery, Isaac Schultz, Tejbir S. Pannu, Jesus M. Villa, and Carlos A. Higuera
8 Influence of Lifestyle and Risk Factors on the Development of Knee Arthritis and Outcomes Following Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty: A US Perspective ................................................................................................ 75
Jonathan Dattilo and William Hamilton
9 Lifestyle and Risk Factors for Knee Arthroplasty: A South African Perspective ....................................................................................................... 89
Zia Maharaj and Jurek Rafal Tomasz Pietrzak
10 The Microbiome of the Joint ....................................................................................................... 101
Samuel J. Clarkson, Karan Goswami, and Javad Parvizi
III Radiographs and Outcomes
11 Radiographic Analysis of Knee Arthritis............................................................................. 111
Musa B. Zaid and Jeffrey Barry
12 Patient-Reported Outcomes in Total Knee Arthroplasty ......................................... 123
Anas Saleh and Denis Nam
X
IV Treatment
13 Fixation in Joint Arthroplasty .................................................................................................... 137
Michael Morlock, Sarah Fischer, and Elke Lieb
14 Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ............................................................... 143
Asim Khan and Fares Haddad
15 Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty .............................................................. 155
Neel R. Patel, Keith R. Berend, and Adolph V. Lombardi Jr.
16 Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty: A French Perspective ........... 173
Axel Schmidt, Christophe Jacquet, Matthieu Ollivier, and Jean- Noël Argenson
17 Patellofemoral Arthroplasty ...................................................................................................... 187
Simon Garceau, William J. Long, and Ran Schwarzkopf
18 Bicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty ................................................................................... 199
Michael D. Ries
19 Total Knee Arthroplasty ................................................................................................................ 209
Alex Lencioni and Craig A. Hogan
20 Patellar Resurfacing in Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty .................................. 221
Sachin Allahabadi and Derek Ward
21 Patella Replacement in Knee Arthroplasty: A Japanese Perspective .............. 233
Atsushi Takahashi
22 Knee Arthroplasty: An Asian Perspective .......................................................................... 245
Wilson Wang, Bryan T. H. Koh, and Vikaesh Moorthy
V Clinical Care Pathways
23 Preoperative Optimization in Total Joint Arthroplasty ............................................ 263
Vignesh K. Alamanda and Bryan D. Springer
24 Outpatient Total Knee Arthroplasty ...................................................................................... 269
Joshua A. Greenspoon, Charles P. Hannon, and Craig Della Valle
25 Perioperative Pain Management in Total Knee Arthroplasty ............................... 275
Matthew A. Harb, John P. Taliaferro, and James A. Browne
VI Implant Design
26 Loosening of Total Knee Arthroplasty: An Australian Perspective ................... 289
Ruben A. Mazzucchelli and Piers J. Yates
27 Cemented, Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty: The Evolution of a Technique ..................................................................................................... 301
Stefano A. Bini and Giulio Santi
Contents
28 Posterior Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty .................................................................. 317
Musa B. Zaid and Thomas P. Vail
29 Bicruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty ................................................................ 327
Michael D. Ries
30 Fixed- Versus Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty ........................................... 335
Daniel N. Bracey and Douglas A. Dennis
31 All-Polyethylene Tibial Components in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: Why It Works and Why I Do Not Use It Anymore? ......................... 357
Ahmed Siddiqi, Abdullah Aftab, and Amar S. Ranawat
32 Cementless Total Knee Arthroplasty ..................................................................................... 365
Bradley A. King and Arthur L. Malkani
33 Custom/Patient-Specific Total Knee Arthroplasty ....................................................... 377
Nana O. Sarpong, Darwin Chen, and H. John Cooper
34 Alternative Bearings in Total Knee Arthroplasty .......................................................... 385
Brian P. Chalmers and Steve B. Haas
35 Contemporary Rotating Hinged Prostheses in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty ................................................................................................................ 395
Benjamin M. Wooster and Matthew P. Abdel
36 Patellar Component ......................................................................................................................... 409
Yoav S. Zvi and Eli Kamara
VII Databases Afterwards Database
37 International Registries – A Comparison of Outcomes ............................................. 419
Kevin A. Lawson, Spencer J. Montgomery, and James I. Huddleston
38 USA AJRR – Total Knee Arthroplasty: Lessons Learned ............................................ 439
Paul Hoogervorst and Patrick K. Horst
39 US National Databases – Total Knee Arthroplasty: Lessons Learned .............. 447
Christie Bergerson, Derek Holyoak, and Kevin Ong
40 Arthroplasty Register Data: Outcomes of Knee Arthroplasty in Younger Patients ........................................................................................................................... 463
Nils P. Hailer and Annette W-Dahl
VIII Economics
41 Economics of Surgical Treatment of Knee Arthritis – A US Perspective ........ 475
J. Parker Chapman, David P. Hagan, and Chancellor F. Gray
42 Conceptualizing the Problem of Cost in Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty ............................................................................................................................. 487
Kenoma Anighoro and Kevin J. Bozic
XIContents
XII
IX Cementing Technique
43 Polymethylmethacrylate Cements for Endoprosthetics .......................................... 497
Klaus-Dieter Kühn
44 The Principles of Total Knee Arthroplasty Cementing Technique – A Japanese Perspective .................................................................................... 511
Takao Kodama
45 Influence of Cement Storage Temperature on Its Viscosity and Penetration Depth in the Tibia During Total Knee Arthroplasty .............. 521
Maarten Verheyden, Dries Van Doninck, Frank Verheyden, and Klaus- Dieter Kühn
46 Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement: Pro ................................................................................... 529
Matthew W. Squire
47 Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement: Con .................................................................................. 541
Shayan Hosseinzadeh, Hugh Gorman, and Antonia F. Chen
48 Enhancement of Release Profile of Antibiotic from Antibiotic- Loaded Poly(methyl methacrylate) Bone Cement for Anchoring of Total Joint Arthroplasties: A State-of-the- Art Review ....... 549
Gladius Lewis
49 Tourniquet Use in Cemented Total Knee Arthroplasty ............................................. 559
Carl L. Herndon and H. John Cooper
X Complications
50 Perioperative Thromboembolic Events ............................................................................... 571
Steven D. Donohoe and Jeremy Gililland
51 Current State of the Art for Prophylactic Treatment of Thromboembolic Events After TKA .................................................................................. 581
Jean-Yves Jenny
52 Aseptic Loosening – A US Perspective ................................................................................. 587
Ahmed Siddiqi and Atul F. Kamath
53 Management of Extensor Mechanism Disruption After Total Knee Arthroplasty .......................................................................................................................................... 603
Krit Boontanapibul, Stuart B. Goodman, and Derek F. Amanatullah
54 Periprosthetic Fractures ................................................................................................................ 621
Daniel O. Johansen and Adam A. Sassoon
55 Infection ................................................................................................................................................... 635
Kyle H. Cichos and Elie S. Ghanem
XI Management – Revision
56 Systematic Evaluation of Painful Total Knee Arthroplasty .................................... 647
Gwo-Chin Lee
Contents
57 Periprosthetic Joint Infection: Consensus and Guidelines .................................... 653
Timothy L. Tan and Javad Parvizi
58 Local Delivery of Antibiotics ...................................................................................................... 661
Sherina Holland and Simon W. Young
59 Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty ............................... 673
Hernan A. Prieto and Emmanuel Gibon
60 Antibiotic Spacers for Prosthetic Joint Infections Following Total Knee Arthroplasty ................................................................................................................ 685
Samik Banerjee, Scot Brown, and P. Maxwell Courtney
61 Does Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement Trigger Widespread Antibiotic Resistance Affecting Prosthetic Joint Infection Treatment? ......... 701
Christof Berberich
62 Infection Risk-Adjusted Antibiotic Prophylaxis Strategies in Arthroplasty: Low-Dose Single vs. High-Dose Dual Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement ............................................................................................. 707
Pablo Sanz-Ruiz and Christof Berberich
63 Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty Stems: Cemented Versus Cementless ...... 713
Daniel A. Oakes and Thomas M. Steck
64 Metaphyseal Fixation: Sleeves and Cones......................................................................... 719
Robert Pivec and Matthew S. Austin
XII Technology
65 Custom Cutting Blocks ................................................................................................................... 731
Ankit Bansal, David Craig Loucks, Robert Greenhow, and Russell Presley Swann
66 Navigation in Total Knee Arthroplasty ................................................................................ 739
Robert P. Runner, Travis Scudday, and Nader A. Nassif
67 Robot-Assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty ............................................................................ 755
Chad A. Krueger and Jess H. Lonner
68 The Role of Tibial Force Sensors in Total Knee Arthroplasty ................................. 767
Jimmy Chow, Martin Roche, Jessica Lee, and Tsun-Yee Law
69 Accelerometers .................................................................................................................................... 773
Cynthia A. Kahlenberg and Michael P. Ast
Supplementary Information Index .............................................................................................................................................................. 783
XIIIContents
Contributors
Matthew P. Abdel Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, [email protected]
Abdullah Aftab Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Vignesh K. Alamanda, MD OrthoVirginia, Reston, VA, USA
Sachin Allahabadi San Francisco Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Derek F. Amanatullah Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, [email protected]
Kenoma Anighoro Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, [email protected]
Jean-Noël Argenson Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Aix-Marseille University, Hospital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, [email protected]
Jaymeson R. Arthur Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, [email protected]
Michael P. Ast Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Matthew S. Austin The Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Samik Banerjee Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute/Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Ankit Bansal Orthopedic Centers of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
Jeffrey Barry Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Christof Berberich Medical Training, Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, [email protected]
Keith R. Berend JIS Orthopedics, New Albany, OH, [email protected]
XV
Christie Bergerson Exponent, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Stefano A. Bini Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Michael P. Bolognesi Hospital South, Orange Zone, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, [email protected]
Krit Boontanapibul Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics, Thammasat University, Pathum Thani, Thailand
Kevin J. Bozic Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School at The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, [email protected]
Daniel N. Bracey Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, CO, USA
James A. Browne Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, [email protected]
Scot Brown Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute/Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Brian P. Chalmers Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
J. Parker Chapman Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, [email protected]
Antonia F. Chen Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, [email protected]
Darwin Chen Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, [email protected]
Jimmy Chow Orthopedic Institute of the West, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Phoenix, AZ, [email protected]
Zachary K. Christopher Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, [email protected]
Kyle H. Cichos Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, [email protected]
Contributors
XVI
Samuel J. Clarkson Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
H. John Cooper Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, [email protected]
P. Maxwell Courtney Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute/Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Jonathan Dattilo Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alexandria, VA, USA
Douglas A. Dennis Colorado Joint Replacement, Denver, CO, [email protected]
Steven D. Donohoe Department of Orthopedics, Southern California Permanente Group, Panorama City, CA, USA
Sarah Fischer Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, [email protected]
Simon Garceau Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Elie S. Ghanem Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, [email protected]
Emmanuel Gibon Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, [email protected]
Jeremy Gililland Department of Orthopedics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, [email protected]
Ioannis Gkiatas Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Stuart B. Goodman Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, [email protected]
Hugh Gorman Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, [email protected]
Karan Goswami Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Chancellor F. Gray Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, [email protected]
Contributors
XVII
Robert Greenhow Orthopedic Centers of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
Joshua A. Greenspoon Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Steve B. Haas Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Fares Haddad The Princess Grace Hospital and The Wellington Hospital, University College London Hospitals, London, [email protected]
David P. Hagan Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, [email protected]
Nils P. Hailer Department of Surgical Sciences/Orthopaedics, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, [email protected]
William Hamilton Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Alexandria, VA, USA
Charles P. Hannon Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Erik Hansen Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Francisco UCSF, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Matthew A. Harb Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, [email protected]
Carl L. Herndon Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, [email protected]
Carlos A. Higuera Cleveland Clinic Florida, Levitetz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, [email protected]
Craig A. Hogan School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, Aurora, CO, [email protected]
Sherina Holland Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New [email protected]
Derek Holyoak Exponent, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Paul Hoogervorst Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, [email protected]
Contributors
XVIII
Patrick K. Horst Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, [email protected]
Shayan Hosseinzadeh Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, [email protected]
James I. Huddleston Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, [email protected]
Christophe Jacquet Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Aix-Marseille University, Hospital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
Jean-Yves Jenny Pôle Locomax, University Hospital Strasbourg, Strasbourg, [email protected]
Daniel O. Johansen David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, [email protected]
Cynthia A. Kahlenberg Hospital for Special Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Eli Kamara Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USAAlbert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, [email protected]
Atul F. Kamath Orthopaedic and Rheumatologic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, [email protected]
Asim Khan NHS Foundation Trust, University College London Hospitals, Bloomsbury, [email protected]
Bradley A. King Mercy Health Orthopaedic Surgery, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Takao Kodama Department of Orthopedic Surgery, JCHO Saitama Medical Center, Saitama, [email protected]
Bryan T. H. Koh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Health Systems, Singapore, Singapore
Chad A. Krueger Rothman Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Klaus-Dieter Kühn Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, [email protected]
Kevin A. Lawson Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
Contributors
XIX
Tsun-Yee Law Holy Cross Hospital, Inc., Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
Gwo-Chin Lee Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Jessica Lee CU Hip Clinic, Champion Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Boulder, CO, [email protected]
Alex Lencioni School of Medicine, Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, [email protected]
Benjamin J. Levens Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Albert Einstein College of Medi-cine, Bronx, NY, [email protected]
Gladius Lewis Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, [email protected]
Elke Lieb Department of Market Access, Europe, Heraeus Medical GmbH, Wehrheim, [email protected]
Adolph V. Lombardi Jr JIS Orthopedics, New Albany, OH, [email protected]
William J. Long Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
Jess H. Lonner Rothman Institute, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sidney Kimmel Med-ical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
David Craig Loucks Orthopedic Centers of Colorado, Englewood, CO, USA
Zia Maharaj Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Arthroplasty Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johannesburg, South Africa
Arthur L. Malkani Department of Orthopaedics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, [email protected]
Kevin K. Mathew Northwell Health Orthopedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Ruben A. Mazzucchelli Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland
Spencer J. Montgomery Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford Medicine, Redwood City, CA, USA
Michael A. Mont Northwell Health Orthopedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, [email protected]
Contributors
XX
Vikaesh Moorthy Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
Michael Morlock Institute of Biomechanics, TUHH Hamburg University of Technology, Hamburg, [email protected]@tuhh.de
Denis Nam Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, [email protected]
Nader A. Nassif Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
Newport Orthopedic Institute, Newport Beach, CA, [email protected]
Brandon H. Naylor Northwell Health Orthopedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Daniel A. Oakes Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, [email protected]
Matthieu Ollivier Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Aix-Marseille University, Hospital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
Kevin Ong Exponent, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Matan Ozery Cleveland Clinic Florida, Levitetz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleve-land Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, [email protected]
Tejbir S. Pannu Cleveland Clinic Florida, Levitetz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleve-land Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, [email protected]
Javad Parvizi Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute and Jefferson, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Neel R. Patel JIS Orthopedics, New Albany, OH, USA
Colin T. Penrose Hospital South, Orange Zone, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, [email protected]
Jurek Rafal Tomasz Pietrzak Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Arthroplasty Unit, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Johannesburg, South Africa
Robert Pivec The Rothman Institute, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, [email protected]
Hernan A. Prieto Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, [email protected]
Contributors
XXI
Amar S. Ranawat Department of Orthopedics, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Michael D. Ries Reno Orthopaedic Clinic, Reno, NV, [email protected]
Martin Roche Hospital for Special Surgery Florida, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, West Palm Beach, FL, [email protected]
Robert P. Runner Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, Downey, CA, [email protected]
Anas Saleh Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic Indian River Hospital, Vero Beach, FL, [email protected]
Hytham S. Salem Northwell Health Orthopedics, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA
Giulio Santi School of Orthopaedic Surgery, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, [email protected]
Pablo Sanz-Ruiz Orthopedic and Trauma Service, Marañon on General University Hospital, Complutense University, Madrid, Spain
Nana O. Sarpong Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, [email protected]
Adam A. Sassoon David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Santa Monica, CA, [email protected]
Axel Schmidt Service de Chirurgie Orthopedique, Aix-Marseille University, Hospital Sainte-Marguerite, Marseille, France
Isaac Schultz Cleveland Clinic Florida, Levitetz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleve-land Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, USA
Ran Schwarzkopf Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, NYU Langone Health, NYU Langone Orthopedic Hospital, New York, NY, [email protected]
Travis Scudday Hoag Orthopedic Institute, Irvine, CA, USA
Orthopedic Specialty Institute, Irvine, CA, [email protected]
Peter K. Sculco Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Thomas P. Sculco Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, [email protected]
Contributors
XXII
Ahmed Siddiqi Orthopedic Institute of Central Jersey, Manasquan, NJ, USA
Mark J. Spangehl Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Phoenix, AZ, [email protected]
Bryan D. Springer, MD OrthoCarolina Hip & Knee Center, Charlotte, NC, [email protected]
Matthew W. Squire Rush Copley Center for Joint Preservation and Replacement, Rush Copley Medical Center, Aurora, IL, [email protected]
Thomas M. Steck Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keck School of Medicine of USC, Los Angeles, CA, [email protected]
Russell Presley Swann Orthopedic Centers of Colorado, Denver, CO, USA
Atsushi Takahashi Joint Surgery, Sports Clinic Ishinomaki, Ishinomaki, [email protected]
John P. Taliaferro Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, [email protected]
Timothy L. Tan Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rothman Institute and Jefferson, Phila-delphia, PA, [email protected]
Thomas P. Vail Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Craig Della Valle Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, [email protected]
Dries Van Doninck Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Frank Verheyden Department of Orthopedic Surgery, H. Hart Hospital, Lier, [email protected]
Maarten Verheyden Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
Jesus M. Villa Cleveland Clinic Florida, Levitetz Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Cleve-land Clinic Blvd, Weston, FL, [email protected]
Wilson Wang Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, [email protected]
Contributors
XXIII
Derek Ward San Francisco Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Annette W-Dahl Department of Clinical Sciences Lund/Orthopedics, Lund University, Lund, [email protected]
Benjamin M. Wooster Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, OrthoCarolina, Charlotte, NC, [email protected]
Seid Mohammed Yasin Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Piers J. Yates Orthopaedics WA, Murdoch and The Mount Private Hospitals, Orthopaedic Research Foundation WA, Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group, University of West-ern Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
Simon W. Young Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New [email protected]
Musa B. Zaid Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, [email protected]
Yoav S. Zvi Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, [email protected]
Contributors
