DRYING OILMANUFACTURING

Bharati Vidyapeeth UniversityCollege Of Engineering

Chemical Engineering DepartmentProject

GROUP MEMBERS• SHAHNAWAZ SHAKIL• TANVI BHUSHAN• DIVYA SAINI

Project guide Mrs. V.V.BOBADE

Presentation Layout•Literature Survey

• Various Competitive Manufacturing Process

•Selection of Manufacturing Process

•Advantages of Selected Manufacturing Process

•Process Flow Diagram of Manufacturing Processes•References

•Introduction •History of Drying Oil •Physical & Chemical

Characteristics •Application & Uses Of Drying Oil

•Market Availability

Literature Survey

introductionDrying oil is unsaturated fatty oil which is either natural or synthetic, when applied as a thin coating it absorb atmospheric oxygen and polymerize forming a tough elastic layer. These oils harden and become completely dry after being exposed to air over a period of time.

History History of cave paintings.

Oil and pigment on wood.

Blood and vegetable oil as binders.

Texture and appearance of drying oil.

Old painting techniques.

Italians artists using binders.

Olive oil used as pigments.

Using nut oil in 2nd century.

Use of oil paints by Flemish masters in 15th century.

Use of linseed oil by Spanish Painters in 17th century.

By the end of 19th century castor oil began to be used.

Characteristics of drying oil

Physical characteristics

chemical characteristics

Physical characteristics

Boiling Point: 312°C at 760.0 mm Hg Melting Point: -12° C Specific Gravity: 0.96 Water Solubility: less than 1 mg/ml at 20° C Flash Point: 230 ° C Auto ignition Temperature: 550 ° C Faint mild odor and nauseating taste.Density 0.95 g / cm3.

 

chemical characteristics

Insoluble in water.Can develop heat spontaneously in the air. Reacts with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids.Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing with alkali metals and hydrides.

Classification of drying oil

Oils used as mediums in oil painting.

Types of oils that form drying oil.

Castor oilLinseed oil Poppy oilWalnut oil Sunflower oil

CASTOR OIL• Color.• Used in pharmaceuticals.• Variation in color.• Derivatives.•Unpleasant taste.

LINSEED OIL• Color. • Linoleic Acid. • Flexibility.• Application.

POPPY OIL

• Color.• Nature. • Physical characteristic.• Comparison to other oils. 

WALNUT OIL • Property.• Quality.• Use.• Modern Technology. 

SAFFLAWER OIL• Color. • Cost.• Production.• Drying Period.  

Uses and Applications

Paint Varnish Surfactants Flavors and fragrancesDetergents & Soaps

Paints: Automotive IndustryIndustrial Appliances Driers pigments properties

Varnishes: Protective Polyurethane, epoxy Highly inflammable Solvents Example

Surfactants : What is surfactant ? TiO2 Stability delta G of latex paint

Fragrance & Flavor : Aromatic Compounds Results of Extraction Modern Industry Solvents Hydrophobic

Soaps & Detergents : Metallic Soaps Common oils Presence of Iodine

marketsIndications of new oil-mix developments.

Oil supply may force the substitution for drying oil.

Widely promoted due to inexpensive raw-material and ability of film-forming properties.

Soybeans was replaced by castor oil due to its unavailability and high cost.

Resin emulsion paints and acetylated castor oil has started to come in the recent markets.

In many countries there have been government efforts to reduce the hike in oil pricing.

The use of drying oil in paints and coatings are replaced with synthetic, petroleum-derived oligomeric and polymeric binders.

supplies The selling of drying oil has increased.

World supply of drying oil.

The supply of castor oil.

MANUFACTURING PROCESS

OIL EXTRACTION

PROCESSING AND REFINING OF OIL

OILEXTRACTION

SOAKING IN SOLVENTEXPELLING OR PRESSING

1.SOAKING Dissolved in methanol water Solvent extraction with hexane and dichloromethane or chloroform.

2.EXPELLING Cold Pressing Seeds ground to fine meal, oil is extracted by pressure i.e. hydraulic pressure(rich protein)

Hot Pressing

After expelling boiled at 125℃ (stand oil)

PROCESSING &

REFINING

Addition of chemical driers

Cold pressing Acid refining

Alkali refining Hot PressingHeating after oil extraction in

absence of oxygen

SELECTION OF PROCESS

EXTRACTION EXPELLING

REFINING HOT PRESSING

ADVANTAGES OF SELECTED PROCESS

Gives the high clean quality oil and removes oil and little impurities without altering the oil.Do not change color on aging.

Does not contain VOC and is also free from lead.

Process Selection for Design

•Process Description

1. Feed Preparation Section•(mixing – heating)

2. The Reaction Section •Both reactions proceed

PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM Chemical Reactions

1.Acetylated Castor Oil (ACO), (C16H32O2)

2.Drying Oil (DO), (C14H28) 3.Acetic Acid (AA), (CH3COOH)4.Gum, (C28H56)

Drying oil plant Process flow diagram

Vessel

Furnace

Reactor

Filter

DistillationColumn

Distillation

Column

Vessel

ReferencesEncapsulation efficiency and oxidative stability of flaxseed oil microencapsulated by spray drying using different combinations of wall materials  Journal of Food Engineering, Volume 115, Issue 4, April 2013, Pages 443-451Helena C.F. Carneiro, Renata V. Tonon, Carlos R.F. Grosso, Míriam D. Hubinger

Study of determination of the palmitic–stearic acid ratio for the characterisation of drying oil in painting: La Encarnación by Alonso Cano as a case study Original Research ArticleTalanta, Volume 84, Issue 4, 30 May 2011, Pages 1148-1154E. Manzano, L.R. Rodriguez-Simón, N. Navas, R. Checa-Moreno, M. Romero-Gámez, L.F. Capitan-Vallvey

Effect of drying catalysts on the properties of thermal copolymers from conjugated linseed oil–styrene–divinylbenzene Original Research ArticleProgress in Organic Coatings, Volume 65, Issue 1, April 2009, Pages 10-18P.P. Kundu, R.C. Larock

Oxidation of drying oils containing non-conjugated and conjugated double bonds catalyzed by a cobalt catalystProgress in Organic Coatings, Volume 54, Issue 3, 1 November 2005, Pages 198-204Z.O. Oyman, W. Ming, R. van der Linde

Extraction, analysis and utilization of a drying-oil from Tetracarpidium conophorumBioresource Technology, Volume 73, Issue 2, June 2000, Pages 195-196M.U Akpuaka, E Nwankwor

CONCLUSION

Drying oil is an oil which is not only used in paints but has several different applications. It has both commercial and industrial applications which makes it highly versatile.

THANK YOU