lbennsg l van ia=®erman E ia l ect

W r it ings anb the ir W r iters

A PAPER PREPARED AT THE REQUEST

OF THE PENNSYLVANIA—G ERMAN SOCIETY

HAR RY HESS R E ICHARD , PH .D .

Member of the Modern Language A ssociation of Am er i ca ; Mem ber of the New

J ersey Modern Lan guage T ea cher s'

A ssoci ation ; Mem ber of the

Penn syl van ia -Germ an Soci ety ; Teacher of Germ an in

the A tl an ti c Ci ty , New J ersey , High School

LANCASTER , PA .

1 9 1 8

TABLE OF CONT ENT S.

PAGE

Acknowledgmen t

Foreword

In troduction

I . Not a H istory of the Literary Ac tivity of the Ger

man s oi Pennsylvan ia

I I . Raison d’

étre—What T hisWork Is andWhy .

I I I . What the Penn sylvan ia-German Dialect IsIV. What Penn sylvania German Is NotV. Why There Is a Dialect L iteratureVI . T he Range of Pennsylvan ia-German Dialect

Poetry and the T ypes ofPennsylvan ia-German

Dialec t-WritingV I I . AWord about the Arrangemen t

Earlier Period andWriters No Longer Living

1 . Miller, Louis

2 . Rondthal er , Emanuel

3 . Harbaugh , Hen ry, Best Known , Most Popular .

4. Rauch, Edward H the Old Nestor

5. Wol l enw eber , Ludwig A . , a Pennsylvan ia-German

by Preference

6. Fisher, Hen ry L. , the Poetic Chron icler of Com

mun ity and Home L ifei i i

iv Tabl e of Con ten ts .

7. Hom e , Abraham R . , the EducatorRupp , Israel D . , the An t iquarian

9 . B runn er, David B ., Newspaper Wr iter, Occasional

00

Poems

1 0. Grumb ine , Lee Light , Editor, Poet1 1 . Mays, George , Occas ional Poems

1 2 . Shuler, Hen ry A . , Ed itor1 3 . M iller, Dan iel , Newspaper Wr iter, Collector

1 4. Hoffman , Walter J. , Sc ien tist , Compiler of Dict ionary

1 5. Zimmerman , T homas C. , T ran slator

1 6. Hermany, Edward , Sat irist1 7. Diss inger, Moses , T he Pennsylvan ia German

“ B illy Sunday

Later Period :Writers S till Living.

1 8. Eshelman , Edgar M .

1 9 . Grumbin e , Ezra, SongWriter, Sat irist, Dramatist .

20. Hat ter , T homas H. , Boonast iel”

2 1 . Henn inger, M ilton G . , Songster and Prophet

2 2 . Keller, El i , aWriter of Great Charm DerKalen

n erm ann

Lins,James C Newspaper Writer, Dict ionary

maker

Meyer, Hen ryMiller

,Harvey M . Solly Hul sbuck Some

what after the Mann er ofWaltMasonMore, Charles C. , S toryWriterNewhard , Elwood L. , the S inger

Rhoads , T homas J. B . , Occasional Poetry

S tump,Adam , Occasional Poetry

Tabl e of Con ten ts .

30. Weitzel, Lou isa, One of the FewWomen Writers .

3 1 . Wuchter , Astor C. , One of the Most Voluminous of

Living Poets

32 . Ziegler, Charles C. , The Poet Laurea te

Con clus ion s

B ibliography of Newspapers , Magazin es, Reviews, Books andOther Publication s ci ted

B ibl iography For Writers Not Spec ially T reatedIndex of the Penn sylvan ia-German Dial ect Literature

Abbreviation s Used

1 Poetry

2 . Prose

3 . Dict ionaries and Word Lists

4. A Partial List of Newspapers Now, or at One T ime ,

Publ ishers of Penn sylvan ia-German Dialec t Selec

TO DR . SAMUEL P. HEILMAN .

“T is em inently due him here to say in this open wayand in a dedicatory sense that the inception of this

work is entirely due to my friend and fellow-member o fthe Pennsylv ania-German Society, Dr . S. P. Heilman ,formerly of Heilman Dale , Lebanon County, now of Lebanon

,Pa .

Furthermore,during the period of its preparation Dr .

Heilman unceasingly gav e the proj ect his strongest support , in many ways promoted its progress, was a sourceo f insp iration to the writer all through , and but for thefact that he tided it ov er certa in critical periods , the workmight nev er hav e reached completion . Whatev er meritthe Society may mete the writer o f this work, his owntribute to his friend and co-worker is clear and explicit .T o enumerate those who hav e generously furnished in

formation would be to name almost ev erybodywhose nameappears herein , or some member of their families . T hisopportunity is taken to express to them all sincere gratitude .

EDITOR AND COMP ILER .

FOREWORD.

ET the Annua l M eeting of the Society held at Norristown , Nov ember 2 , 1 9 1 6, the following report was

subm itted, and a s in it is recited the inception , progressand completion o f this work it is placed here a s a fi ttingforeword .

To THE PENNSYLVANIA -GERMAN SOCI ETY

At the annual meeting of the Society, held at Lancaster,Nov ember 5, 1 908, Dr . S. P. Heilman offered a resolution , which was adopted, prov iding for the appo intmento f a Committee o f the Society to compile a b ibl iographyof Pennsylv ania-German Dialect Literature . (Page 2 2

,

Vol . ! I ! . )NO further action was taken as to this matter

,so far

as the Society was concerned , until the meeting at York ,October 1 4 , 1 9 1 0, where and when a Committee was namedto undertake the comp ilation ordered in the resolutionadopted at Lancaster two years prev iously . T his Comm ittee consist ed o f S. P. Heilman , M.D . , Heilman Dale ,Pa . ; R ev . A . Stapleton , D.D .

, Williamsport, Pa . ; DanielM ill er, Reading, Pa . ; Pro f. L . Osca r Kuhns, Ph.D . ,

M iddletown , Conn . ; Pro f . Harry H . Reichard, Ph .D . ,

St ate College,Pa . ; R ev . John Baer Stoudt, Northampton,

Pa . , and Edwin C. Jel l ett , Germantown , Pa . (P. 2 6,

Vol . ! ! I . ) Two of these appointees,namely

,R ev . Dr .

x The Pennsylv an ia -German Socie ty.

Stapleton and Daniel M iller, hav e since then departedthis life .The Committee agreed that Pro f. Reichard should act

as editor for the Comm ittee , as he had a lready giv en thematter o f a b ibliography of Pennsylv ania-German Literature considerable study and had also gathered much mater ia l along that line .At the meeting of the Society held a t Harrisburg, Oc

tober 20, 1 9 1 1 , a first report as to the progress made onthe b ibl iography was submitted by your Committee , andmanuscript matter, comp iled to the extent of about 400pages

,was la id before the Society . In illustration of the

textual content o f sa id manuscript Prof . Reicha rd alsoread to the Society the chapter on Charles Calv in Ziegler,one of the many Pennsylv ania-German poets portrayed inthe bibliography . The action then was referring the subm itted manuscript to R ev . Dr . Schm auk for his rev iew andreport to the Society’ s Execut iv e Committee .On September 5, 1 9 1 2 , a conference on the part o f Pro f .

Reicha rd,editor, and Dr . Heilman , cha irman , of the Com

m ittee on B ibliography, was held at Lebanon with Dr .

Schm auk, at which time the latter in a genera l way sign i

fied his approval o f the Index matter as far a s it had thenbeen compiled, but suggested the insertion of an in troductory chapter with pa rt icula r relation to the writings o f Pastorin s , Falckner, John Peter M iller, ConradWeiser, Conrad B eisel , B ishops Kammerhof and Spangen'berg

,Boehm ,

Muhlenberg, Sower, and‘ others o f the pre and post-rev o

lutiona ry period as the founta in heads of a Pennsylv aniaGerman Literature .Reports o f progress on the Index proj ect were made by

the Committee on Index a t the meetings o f the Societyheld at Riegelsv ille , October 4 , 1 9 1 2 , and at Philadelphia ,October 1 7, 1 9 1 3 .

F or eword. xi

At a meeting held in Reading, June 2 4 , 1 9 1 5, at

tended by Drs. Schm auk, Sachse, and Nead , R ev . M r.Stoudt, Prof . Reicha rd and Dr . Heilman

,this in troduc

tory chapter drawn up along lines suggested by Dr .

Schm auk, September 5, 1 9 1 2 , was submitted by Prof .Reichard , gone ov er by those present at the meeting, a fewchanges made a s to m inor points , the suggestions o f Dr .

Sachse commended to Pro f . Reichard, and then an understanding arriv ed at thaf the Index matter shall appea r inVol . 2 6 or 2 7 of the Society

’s publications . At the samemeeting the Index titl e was changed from an Index ofPennsylv ania-German Dialect Literature to Pennsylv aniaGerman DialectWritings and TheirWriters .T his in brief is a hurried rev iew of this Index proj ect,

from the time of its inception at Lancaster eight yearsago to the present time , and

‘ may be taken as a final reportfrom your Comm ittee on Index, appointed six years ago .

The Index m anuscript is ready, and awa its the call o fyour Publication Committee .Your Comm ittee cannot close its report without con

gratulating the Society on its acquisition in this Index ofsomething that wil l add so materially to its other v a luablepublications, and without expressing its deep appreciationo f the long, arduous and masterly work done by the Comm ittee

’s edito r, Prof . Reichard , in comp iling the Index

material , an accomplishment for which the Society canwell b e pro foundly gra teful .

Respectfully submitted ,S. P. HEILMAN,

JNO. BA ER SToUDT ,

Of the I ndex Comm ittee .

NORRTSTOWN, Pa .,

Novem b er 2 , 1 9 1 6

INTRODUCT ION .

I . NOT A H ISTORY OF THE LITERA RY A CTIVITY OF THE

GERMANs OF PENNSYLVANIA .

EHE present work does not concern itsel f with the l it

c rary activ ity o f the German settlers o f Pennsylv ania which found expression in the literary language o fthe ir nativ e land, the High German language , nor yetwith their productions in the language of the ir adoptedcountry—the English language .

Ellis Paxon Oberholzer in his Literary Philadelphiasays : “ It has not been fa ir in the past, nor is it j ust to-day,to leav e out o f account the intellectual activ ity o f the Germans who so soon followed the Quakers to Pennsylv ania .

Through the industrious research of patient antiquarianslike Pennypacker

,Sachse and Seidensticker justice is be

ing done to their memory . T hey spoke , wrote and printedin another, and a desp ised language . Indeed, many werefluent masters o f sev eral languages as well a s o f their own ,the German . T hey were the flower o f the Continentaluniv ersities , wherefore they were not understood by theEnglish colonists

,for the most part men o f less erudit ion .

”

The v ery first German immigrant to Pennsylv ania ,Francis Daniel Pastorius

, who landed at Philadelphia onAugust 20, 1 683 , a few weeks before the fi rst shipload of

1 3

1 4 The Pennsylv an ia-German Soc ie ty.

German Colonists , seems to hav e felt that in acceptingcitizenship in William Penn’s colony it was incumbent onhim and his people to learn the language of the colony,and in 1 697 he published

“ A New Primer, or M ethodicalDirections to atta in the true spelling , reading and writingof English ”—the first book of its kind in America .

A simila r thought must hav e been in the mind ofJohannes Ke lpius, the leader o f the Mystics, who settledon the Wissahickon , for one o f the two MS. v olumeswhich he le ft conta ins a number of hymns with the musicalscore . T he hymns are in Germ an and English, and onopposite pages . Kelpius was educated a t the Univ ersityo f Altdorf, and arriv ed in Philadelphia in 1 694 ; he diedin 1 708. T he other MS. v olume he le ft is a Latin diaryand cop ies of his letters to members of his fa ith in Europe .Much of the history o f the intellectua l a ct iv ity of the

Germans o f Pennsylv ania during the eighteenth centurycan be summed up in the history of the Sauer press,founded 1 739 . In illustration of the fact abov e stated itis to be noted that Sauer published in 1 751 an EnglishGerman Grammar of 2 87 pages and that the same wasreprinted in 1 762 and aga in in 1 772 . A complete list,as at present known

,o f the publications o f the Sauer press

between the years 1 739 and 1 797 is to b e found in Flory’s

Literary Activ ity o f the Baptist B rethren ,” and among

the 372 works issued ( newspapers and magazines ar ecounted as one for each year of issue ) there is a consid

crable number in the English language .

In line with the same mov ement G . H . E . Muhlenbergpublished in 1 8 1 2 at Lancaster a German-English andEnglish-German Dictionary .

In order to illustrate the nature of the writings of theearly German settlers o f Pennsylv ania in the language o f

Pennsylv ania-Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr itings . 1 5

their nativ e land , a few illustrations will b e briefly cited .

The fa cts a re gleaned“ for the most part from the writings

o f Hausmann , Seipt , Flory, Pennypacker , Seidensticker,Sachse and Learned .

Of Francis Daniel Pastorius , the German Pioneer andfounder of Germantown

,Learned says : “ In sp ite o f the

untoward condition o f his lot, he became the most manysided literary man in America , fa r outclassing CottonMather, his famous Puritan contemporary in the Bay Colony. T he range o f his activ ity has scarcely found a

parallel in America from that day to this .” He hadstudied a t the Univ ersities of Altdorf, B asel , Strassburg,and Jena

,and was thoroughly v ersed in Greek, Latin ,

German , French, I talian , Dutch, and English. From1 664 there a re extant two o f his letters , one to his parentsand another to friends , conta in ing

“Sichere Nachricht

aus Amerika wegen der Landscha ft Pennsylv an ia .

” In1 688 he , with three fellow colonists, presented to the

Quaker meeting the fi rst formal protest in America aga instslav ery. I f he was not the author ( the style indica testhat he was ) one o f the other Pennsylv ania Germans was ,or in all probability all four who signed the documentshared in the authorship . His Primer on the study ofEnglish, published in 1 697, has already been mentioned .

In the same year there appeared in Germany, as an Appendix to a work published by his father : Kur tze Geographische B eschre ibung der l etztm -als erfundene Amerikan ischen Landscha ft Pennsylv ania m it angehen ckten

einigen notabl en B egebenheiten und B ericht Schreiben andessen Herrn Vattern , Patrioten und Freunde .

” In 1 700,

this was published a s a separate v olume o f 1 3 2 pages“Um standige B eschreibung .

”This was still further en

l arged in the second edition of 1 704 . Finally, so as not

1 6 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

to rehearse at too great length what has been sa id elsewhere , there is his la rge folio MS.

“The B eehiv e . T o

quote once more from Learned : I t is sa fe to say, that o fall the original Pennsylv ania-German documents r epre

senting European culture in the colonial p eriod , the mostinteresting and extensiv e is the unicum ,

the folio MS. l e ftby Francis Daniel Pastorius , the Pennsylv ania Pilgrim,

the founder of Germantown . T his document , conta iningPastorius ’ B eehiv e or bee stock, is the Magna Cha rta o fGerman culture in colonia l America and a v eritable speculum scien tiarunt of the sev enteenth century—the firstAmerican Encyclopedia , antedating the epoch of the

French encyclopedists . Whittier writes :

At even ing while his Wife puts on her lookOf love’s endurance , from its n iche he tookT he written pages of his ponderous bookAn d read in hal f the languages of m an

His Rusca Ap ium wh ich with bees beganAnd through the gam ut of creation ran .

He inrich Koster , another o f the band of WissahickonMystics , educated

“ a t Breslau , published, in the course o fa religious controv ersy, a Latin thesis , being the first Latinbook written in Pennsylv ania ; because Pennsylv ania hadno printer then , he tried to hav e it published in New Yorkbut B radford decl ined for want of a proof reader to dothe work intelligently ; it was finally published 1 702 , in

Lippe-Detmold . During the same controv ersy appearedE in B ericht an alle B ekenner und Schriftsteller,

”1 696 or

1 697, published for him in New York,the first German

work written and printed in America .

The most important work of Daniel Falckner, and oneo f the most important books for the history of conditions

https://www.forgottenbooks.com/join

1 8 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

stabierbuch, and the newspaper, Der Hoch Deutsch

Pennsylv a ni‘

sche Geschickt Schr eiber . In 1 74 1 from the

pen of Sauer : “ E ine B etrachtung des Lasters der T runkenhe it

” —showing the Pennsylv an ia German ’s early interest in temperance . In 1 744 :

“ Verschiedene Alte undN eucre Geschichten v on Erscheinungen v on Geister .

This book of ghost stories was reprinted in 1 748, 1 755 and

1 79 2 . In 1 755 :“HOchst nOtig e Warnung und Erinne

rung an die freye Einwohner der Prov intz Pennsylv ania-a polit ical address by Sauer.Christopher Dock, a M ennonite, wrote hymns , some Of

which are stil l used , and in 1 770 Sauer published his E in

fii l t ige und g riindl ich abgefasste Schulordnung,”the first

work on pedagogy in this country in any language . Fulltreatment o f Dock is to b e found in the writings o f Sachse ,Pennypacker and B ‘rumbaugh .

The English Grammar o f 1 75 1 has been mentioned.

From 1 764 to 1 772 was published the Ge istl iches Maga

zine,one o f the first magazines o f any kind to appea r in

the colonies . In 1 770 :“E in Ross A rtzn ey Buchl ein ,

”

200 pages , was published .

T he greater part o f the publications o f the Sauer pressnaturally were religious or moral treatises—the numberincludes the three famous quarto B ibles

,Sauer ’s greatest

triumph, sev en New T estament p rintings, sev eral books o fthe Psalms and one Children ’s B ible . He publishedhymn books for the Dunker, Lutheran , Reformed, M ennon ite , Schwenkfelder and Morav ian churches , for theEphrata Community and sev eral undenominational hymnbooks . Not all o f these contained new or American products but many Of them did ; nor should the work of thetranslators be passed ov er : George Whitfie ld’

s sermonswere issued in German , also Bunyan

’s Pilgrim ’s Progress,

”

Pennsylv a nia-German D ia l ec t Wr itings. 1 9

before ev er an English edition was published in thiscountry. The abov e summary is intended merely to giv esome idea as to the v ariety of the productions o f theGerman writers . Politics , botany, medicine , poetry, r e

l ig ion , pedagogy, hymnology, school texts, a stronomy,music, temperance—these a re some o f the subj ects thatengaged their attention . I t is to b e noted that the Sowerfirm has continued to be an influence in the book world tothis day.

Hausmann has counted twenty-sev en hymn writers to1 800, but the number is much la rger, as more recent inv estigators hav e shown , A . A . Seipt hav ing added e ightnames from the Schwenkfelders , none o f whom wereknown to Hausmann , al l but one before 1 800. Zinzen

dorf, the most prolific of the Morav ian writers , composedov er hymns before his return to Europe

,and Of

these B ishop Spangenberg wrote : “ Nowhere else hav ebeen composed such beautiful and edifying hymns forshepherds , ploughers , threshers , reapers , sp inners , knitters ,weav ers and others . T hey would fi ll a whole fa rm er ’shymn book .

T o the works Of the ea rly colonial p eriod must be addedsuch important historical documents as Pastor Muhlenberg’ s letters to the orphanage at Halle, the now famous“Hallesche Nachrichten ,

” B ishop Camm erhof’

s“ Letters

and Diary,” and John Philip Boehm’s “ Reports to the

Coetus o f the Reformed Church in Holland ”The

translation and publica tion by the monks at Ephrata o fthe

“ Ma rtyrer Sp iegel,”

a massiv e folio , was itsel f amonumental achiev ement, not to mention all the other product ions Of the Ephrata Cloister. T here were also otherGerman presses in Pennsylv ania. at one time more German presses than English.

20“

The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

T o inv estigate the number and the nature of the writings of these people in the language o f their Fatherlandwould be a fruit ful subj ect o f study

,no less than a simila r

study of their litera ry productions in the English language . T he present work has nothing to do with eitherOf these subj ects .I t is not a history of the literary activ ity of the Penn

v ania Germans ; it does not concern itsel f with anythingthat they hav e written in German or in English .

I I . WHAT T HISWORK I s, ANDWHY .

T he present writer was encouraged to undertake thisstudy partly because o f words like these from so eminentan authority as R ev . John S. Stahr, Ph .D . ,

D .D. , LL .D . ,

late President of Frankl in and Ma rshall College : “ Art,science and all the v aried interests which pertain to thenational life at large are expressed in the litera ry language,but those peculiar and to some extent deeper tra its whichfind expression in the domestic life and the da ily walk andconv ersation o f the people a re naturally clothed in the

form Of a dialect. T he Pennsylv ania-German dialect inthis way effectiv ely expresses the simplicity, honesty, innocence , pathos and beauty of the daily life o f these peopleand the experiences which they hav e made as part Of theirhistory . T here is certa inly room , therefore , for the studyof such literature a s they hav e produced on this plane .

”

And again : “ I f Josh B illings and Hans Br eitm ann

with their corrupt and mongrel English serv e to amuseand are said to be not without merit by persons who oughtto be critics—if these productions , the language and or

thog r aphy o f which a re v ery o ften made up to serv e apurpose, may exhibit certa in phases OfAmerican life, andthus hav e some literary v alue, how much more is this the

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 2 1

case with our Pennsylv ania-German poems . Here ev eryword to a Pennsylv an ia German is a sound from home

,

ev ery description a v iv id p icture, ev ery exp ression strikesa chord in the soul that thrill s ev ery nerv e, and the echoeso f which haunt the sp irit a fter the sound itsel f has diedaway.

”

This more comprehensiv e study was undertaken because, although the writers Of the dialect a re o ften alludedto , and frequently in these days spoken o f in commendatory terms , yet not on e of these works giv es the readerany idea of the body of these productions, how v ast it is,how complete its descriptions o f Pennsylv ania-German life,or how many the writers who hav e tried their hands a tturning a rhyme .T o note a few representativ e works where these dialect

writers and their writings hav e been briefly describedOscar Kuhns “ German and Swis s Settlements in Penn

sylv ania , Chapter V, p . 1 2 1 ff. —only three poetsare briefly discussed

,a fourth is mentioned in a foot

note ; and one pros e writer .Ka rl Knortz .

“Streifzug e auf dem Geb iet e Am erikani

scher Volkskunde,” p . 76 ff. speaks o f only two poets ;

and in his “ Geschichte der Nord AmerikanischenLitter atur ,

” Vol . II , p . 1 90 fl ., three writers are men

tion ed.

Julius Goebel . Das Deutschthum in den Verein igtenStaaten v on Nord Amerika re fers to one poet

,p . 30.

T he collection “Deutsch in Amerika edited by Dr . G .

U . Zimmerman,Chicago , describes three writers , pp .

xlv and 2 45 ff

Georg v on Bosse . Das Deutsche E lement in den Vereinigten Staaten , p . 436, mentions one writer andone v olume of collected poems .

2 2“

The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Albert Bernhardt Faust The German Element in the

Un ited States ” discusses two poets , Vol . II , p . 340 ;

and giv es a somewhat fuller list in the b ibliography .

In the case o f the works abov e cited, it is inv ariably thesame authors that are discussed . In al l about half a dozendifferent writers a re mentioned . Professor Faust, in the

latest authoritativ e work that mentions the literature,is

able to giv e less than two pages to it , but says it is“r e

freshing and historically v aluable .” I f this b e true itought to be worth while to hav e a more extended knowledge of it .

“ In poetry, says Kuhns , much more of a higher sorthas been written , generally, howev er, in the form of transl at ion s from the English, and occasional poetry appearingfor the most part in newspapers or recited on festiv e occasions The fact that for a short time a magazine waspublished in the dialect does not seem to b e known to anyone that has written about the dialect literature ( cf.Rauch ) An Almanac in the dialect ( see Keller ) is ment ion ed in the

“ Am ericana-Germanica another one ( seeSchuler ) has been found . The prose written in the formof weekly letters to a large number o f newspapers has av alue and an interest that has nev er receiv ed its due appreciation ( cf. Grumb ine, H . M iller, Ha t ter , Rauch, Zimmerman , Lins , D . B runner ) .

Moreov er the present writer has for many years beena collector and believ es that he has in his possession , orhas seen , all the books tha t hav e ev er been written in the

dialect . He has also collected poems of the kind ment ion ed by Kuhns , and now has a v ery large number in hiscollection ( some of these hav e nev er appeared in print )and

,therefore , believ es that he can giv e , or has giv en , a

much fuller and more comprehensiv e View than has ev erappeared heretofore .

Pennsylv ania—Germ an D ia lec t Wr itings. 2 3

In the third place by a more deta iled inv estigation Of

the circumstances connected with the productions o f anyindiv idual writer, it is believ ed that a means has been foundto media te between widely div ergent v iews . For instance ,Karl Knor tz, in discussing Fischer, one o f the two poetsmentioned by him , says : E iner der neuesten Beitr iigerzur Pennsylv anisch-deutschen Litteratur b ildet, umes kurz und bundig zu sagen da '

s a l l er tr aur igste E rzeug nis

derselben .

”Der Verfasser der noch nicht einmal seine

sogenannte ‘ Muttersprache ’ kennt, steht m it den Regelnder Dichtkunst au f gespanntem Fusse,

” and then goes onto show tha t the book has no legitimate excuse to j ustifyits existence . It is o f the sam e m an and the sam e book

that Dr . Zimmerman in his collection , Deutsch in Amerika , says : “ Von Natur m it gesundem Humor begabt ,schrieb er v iele Gedichte und Skizzen in Pennsylv an ischdeutscher Mundart, das Alltagsleben der Deutschen inPennsylv anien m e isterhaft schilder nd.

” And again thissam e m an and this sam e work is referred to by Prof.Faust when he says : The two most prominent poe ts, forsuch a title m ay be bestowed upon them

,

” and when hesays : “

T his poetical li terature o f the Pennsylv ania Germans is one of the few origina l notes in American lyrica lpoetry.

”

T o c ite another instance Of widely div ergent criticalv iews : In the

“ Friedensbote ,” published a t Al lentown ,

Pennsylv an ia , a Pennsylv ania German writes a letter inthe dialect , apropos o f the book to be issued on and inthe dialect by Dr . Horne , then principal o f The Keystone State Norm a l School a t Kutztown , Pennsylv ania .

After discussing the ancestry of the dialect, he proceedsto consider the books that hav e been written in the

dialect, w ith a v iew to giv ing the prospectiv e author ad

2 4‘

The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

v ice as to what errors o f form er writers he must av oid .

T he part icula r paragraph tha t I hav e at present in mind Igiv e in the original dialect : Nau , wann du dra

’ gehst forsel Buch schr eiwe los des v erhenker t Englisch Kauderwelsch haus wo gar net in unser Sproch g

’hOr t . I ch arge

mich al l em ol schwarz un blo wann so dumm stoff gedrucktun in die Welt g

’

schickt werd wo Pennsylv anisch deitschse i soll, awer lauter g el oga is.

’S is uns v or laschtert wo

m irs net v erdient hen . Un wann dei Buch mol fertig isun ’s kumm t m ir unner die Finger un ’

s is so n e l endiger

Wisch wie ker zl ich cenar in F ilde lfi r aus kumm e is,dann

ufg ebasst—for dann v erheche l ich dich dass du aussehnst

w ie v erhude l t Schwingwerk, un die Leut dich for’n Spuks

awgucke .

”

Schinn erhannes v om Ca lm ushiwe l .

The abov e is the opinion expressed by a Pennsylv an iaGerman editor

,of a book published in Philadelphia , Ge

m al de aus dem Pennsylv an ischen Volksleben ; Schil derungen und Aufsatze in poetischer und prosa ischer Form in

Mundart und Ausdrucksweise der Deutsch Pennsyl v an ier ,”

v on Ludwig August Wol l enweber , Scha fer und Koradi,Philadelphia und Leipzig, 1 869 . The same work that iscalled ’N elendigerWisch is referred to byKarl Knor tzas

“e in wertv olles Werkchen ,” and then he tells us that

here we may expect the truth, for the author was himsel fone Of these people, etc .T he present writ er has tried to ferret out the reasons

for these differences o f op inion , and errors of fact hav ebeen corrected . Adv erse criticism has too frequentlycome from persons who do not understand the dialect orwho hav e measured dialect literature by the canons ofhigher forms of l iterature ; fav orable criticism too frequently from ov er-zealous defenders o f the dialect .

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26 T he Pennsylv ania-Germ an Socie ty.

German word was m issing, or an English word serv edthe purpose better. T he entire term inology of the law ,

at least so fa r a s they needed it , was adopted into thedialect . This became so common that Dr . Henry Muh

lenberg and B . J . Schipper in their German-English English-German Dictionary, Lancaster, 1 8 1 2 , say that it oftenhappens that without Special reflection or consult ing a dict ionary the people are no longer certa in whether they a reusing an English or a German word .

Durch den bestiindigen Umgang m it den Englischen ,kommen wir so in die Gewohnheit hier und da ein Engl isches Wort im Gesprache zu gebrauchen das w ir ( ohnebesonderes Nachdenken Oder e in WOr terbuch ) , oft nichtwissen Ob es Englisch Oder Deutsch ist .

” And in an Appendix they giv e a large number o f such words SolcheWorte die wir Deutsche theils wegen dem haufigen Ge

brauch der Englischen Sprache, theil s notgedrungen umneue Gegenstiinde zu benennen so zu sagen , in unsere Muttersprache aufgenommen haben .

” A few of these wordsin the form in which they appear in the Dictionary arehere added . A rbitrehschen ( arb itration ) , Bahl (bail ) ,DschOdsch ( j udge ) , Kautoback (Kan—German , chewingtobacco ) , Minsspie (mince pie ) , Serdschan t ( sergeant ) ,Schm idtschop (Schmidt—German , blacksmith shop ) , E infensen ( em—German , to fence in ) , Skalp ( scalp ) , Vendue( a public sale ) , Quil ten ( to quilt ) .

At its best—or worst—the Pennsylv an ia-German dialectincludes all o f the original dialect v ocabula ry, a large number o f words from High German , especially religious andb iblical , and all o f the English language known or needed .

Wusstm an has correctly sa id Der Mann aus dem Volkeweiss in den meisten Fallen gar nicht , dasz er F r em dwOrter gebraucht .

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings.

From the po int o f v iew o f the schola r and the philologist the best answer to “What is Pennsylv ania German ”

is Pro f . M . D . Learned’s Pennsylv ania-German Dialect,Baltimore , 1 889 .

IV. WHAT PENNSYLVANIA GERMAN I S NOT .

Not long s ince a well-educated young lady in New Yorkinqu ired Of one of her fri ends , a lawyer, whether he himsel f could speak that peculiar dialect Of his ancestors .When he assured her that he still had that accomplishment, she requested that he giv e ev idence o f his ab ilityalong those lines . When he v ery glibly proceeded to do so ,he found himsel f promptly cut short with the suggestionthat he was trying to hoodwink her . She knew exactlywhat she wanted , and began to illustrate by examples like

the fol lowing : Did you hear Lizzie, Abe Snyder’s wife ,she died fur him last night, and her only sick a week yet ?A ch, r ee ly did she though ? Yes , and her so well a lwaysand him so sickly that way all the time , don

’t it now beatall ? ” or “Here is a a lgebray, I am going to college , Imust know many things tha t I nev er yet heard o f in thisworld and you a re to learn me . ” “ A tea cher ought to beEnglish but he is v ery Germ aner than the scholars .”

Would you spil l the sa lt yet, you put a hex on ev erything .

” Well , I must say it don’t look wery nice Of you

to talk down on us and you liv ing here with us .” FirstlyI want you to please g it me a Lancaster lawyer to come out

here a s soon as you otherwise kin .

”

I t m ay be that some peopl e talk this way ; to discussthat does not l ie w ithin the prov ince o f this paper ; it is

enough to say that it is not Pennsylv ania-German dialect .

2 8'The Pennsylv ania-German Socie ty.

V . WHY THER E I s A DIA LECT LITERATURE .

T he rustic at home pokes fun at the fine phrases o f theurbanite

,while the city man ridicules the language o f the

peasant . The city man , howev er, seems to hav e more o fauthority and the countryman is usually on the defensiv e .This relation subsists a lso between the language and thedialect , a s soon as a more or less standardized languageis ev olv ed out of kindred dialects .In the M iddle Ages , when the aristocratic court poe try

gav e way to writers representing the M iddle Class sp irit,Hugo v on T rimmer in his poem Der Renner ” thusapologizes for his dia lect :

E in iegl ich m ensche spr ichet gernDie spréche , bi der er ist erzogenS in t min in wort ein teil gebogenGen Franken , n ieman daz si zorn ,Wan ich von Franken bin geborn .

It matters not what dialect or what period we examine ,the results are the same ; thus in a little v olume , M

'arschund Geest : Gedichte in niederdeutscher Mundart ” v on

Franz Poppe , Oldenburg, 1 879 , we may read on the fi rstpage

Se saen , w i Noorddutschen

Verstunn en kin GesangAn

’

n Rhiin un an de Donau ,Dar harr de Sprak blot Klang.

Dat het us lan g v erdratenDat se us so v eracht ’tAs harr ’n se ’t Recht tom S ingenF51 sick al l een ig pacht

’

t .

Ev en Goethe had to defend himself aga inst the chargethat his speech was colored by South German dialect . T o

Pennsylv a nia-German D ia l ect Wr iting s. 2 9

this he replied : Jede Prov inz l iebt ihren Dialekt ; denner ist doch eigentlich das Element in welchem die Seeleihren Atem schOpft .

”

In different parts o f the world , dialects hav e the samereproaches hurled at them ,

hav e the same prej udices tocontend with . Out of pure sel f-defense they hav e soughtadequate expression . The sp irit thus a rouses itsel f in oneOf two ways : in the one cas e men of poetic bent , often menwho hav e already written poetry in a recognized literaryidiom , now at last, either o f their own motion or by r e

quest,essay the rhythm-s of their nativ e speech and bring

forth their productions with a defiant There now, standcorrected ”

; on the other hand, men w ill burst out withdeclarations Of their affections for their despised tongueand in their v ery passion create poems . What is true o fdialect writing in general finds its exempl ifica tion in the

Pennsylv ania German .

R ondtha l er wrote his first poem to prov e a point ( seeRondtha l er ) . Harbaugh

, who had already publishedEnglish v erse , required urging before he v entured to writedialect and ev en then published at first timidly, withoutaffixing his name . J . M ax Hark wrote “ En Hondful l

Farsh a s an experiment and with those poems restedhis case ( see PROCEEDINGS OF T HE PENNSYLVANIA -GER

MAN SOCIETY, Vol . ! . ) Lee Light Grumb ine began inthe same way, and was encouraged to do more work Of thesame kind . Col . Thos . Z immerman , a fter v ery sucess fullytranslating a great deal o f German into English , was persuaded to translate Scotch, English and I rish ballads intoPennsylv ania German . All o f these men enj oyed a wide acqua intance w ith literature ; all could frame their thoughtsas readily in Pennsylv ania German as in Engl ish . All hadwritten English poetry or rendered translations into Eng

30‘

The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

lish . T o the last three the Pennsylv ania-German Societyhad sa id in effect,

“Why not speak for and in the dialect ?”

and this they proceeded to do , the last two continuing thework a fter the success o f their fi rst experiments ( see therespectiv e chapters—L. L . Grumb ine, Zimmerman ) .

T o the second class belong such poems as that o f worshipful adoration of his mother tongue by Adam Stump ,of which the last stanza runs thus

O san fte , deire Muttersproch !

Wie Hunn ig fliesst sie darrich m ei S inne !Un wann ich mol im H immel hochMei scheene Heem et duh gewinn eDann heer ich dort zu me inem WohlEn Mutterwort—ja , ah ebmol .

the word of Ziegler, confident Of powers

Will ich recht v e ’

stann ig schwetze

Eppes ausennanner setzeA, B , C , un cens , zw ee , drei,So dass j eder commoner MannKl ar un deit l ich sehne kannWell ’as Gold is un wel B l ei ,Nem ich gute de itsche Warte ,Weis un schwarzi, weech un harteNOh vollbringt d ie Sach sich glei.

Or aga in the v igorous words of Dr . Keller :

I ch schwetz in der deitsche SprochLieb sie ah un halt sie hochSic is ah ken Nev ekind

Das mer in de Hecke find

Sie kumm t her fum schOne Rhei

Wu sie T rauwe hen un Wei !

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia lect Wr iting s . 3 1

This incentiv e to write finds its parallel aga in in

Europe ; listen once more to Franz P0ppe :

Us ’ Sprak is as us’ Heiden

Urspr iingelk noch un freeUs Sprak is deep un m ticht igUn pracht ig as de See.Min Modersprak, wu klingst duSo sOt un doch so stark !W0 leew’

ich di va'

nHartenDu Lan d vul l Kraft uh Mark !

For the earliest example in print o f what purports tobe a specimen of the dialect we must undoubtedly hav e t ecourse to Johann Dav id SchOpf

’s

“T rav els ( 1 783

published at Erlangen in 1 788 and reprinted inRadlof

’

s Mustersaal a ller teutschen Mundarten ,” Bonn ,

1 82 2 , Vol . I I , p . 36 1 ; but the man does not exist whowould acknowledge this a s his dialect, or who would recognize it a s a nativ e idiom at all . Professor Haldemann ,who cited the same passage in his “

Pennsylv ania Dutch,”

agrees in rega rding it as nothing other than a Sportiv eexample and a spurious j oke .In Firm in ich,

“ Germaniens Vo lkerstimm en , Vol . I II ,p . 445, B erlin , 1 854 , there is another longer specimenwhich was taken from a Pennsylv ania newspaper .The earliest example in print o f writing in the dialect

by such as a lso spoke it must b e sought in the early newspapers Of Eastern Pennsylv an ia . D er Deutsche in Am e

r ika of 1 84 1 contained many rhymed compositions . In1 846, adv ertising doggerels appea red in the AllentownF r iedensbote . One a fter another the newspapers took upthe matter, publishing short prose or v erse selections ;their readers wanted it ; except in familiar intercourse witheach other the rural population o f eastern Pennsylv ania

3 2 The Pennsylv an ia-German Soc ie ty.

was obliged to use one or the other o f two foreign languages ; in business chiefly, and in law entirely, it was theEnglish ; in their religious and intellectual life it was theHigh German ; accordingly they seem to hav e welcomedalmost anything that was in the language Of their da ilyspeech ; they seem to hav e felt a v oid because their speechwas only something to be heard and not also something thatcould be seen . And then , when in many papers they couldsee their speech in print ev ery week, there manifested itsel fa more amb itious desire to see their speech between the

cov ers o f a book . T he story in the Introduction to Wol

l enweber’

s Gem a lde aus dem Pennsyl v an ischen Volksleben fa irly represents the feeling of the dialect-speakingPennsylv ania-German population .

I ch war n ie uf de Gedanke komme das Buch zu schreiw e , aberdo war ich das F ruhjohr uf dem grosse Felse bei Al l en taun , un

hab uf dem wunnerbar schon e Platz , W0 mer viele Meile weit dieschOne Berge un das vun Gott so gesegnete Land sehn e kann .

Un w ie ich do so gestann e , un d ie Natur so bewunner t hab,das m ei Herz ganz weeg geworre , un

’

s Wasser mer schier in d ieAuge komme ischt , da kommt uf e mol en alter Mann dorch dieHecke un stellt s ich grad n ebe m ich un frogt mich , w ie ich dieAn s icht do g le iche that. Sehr gut , geb ich ihm zur An twort.Well , sagt er, ich wohn e a paar Me ile v on do , un komme wann sWetter scho ischt , schier alle Monat uf de Felse , un wann ichdann m ich so recht satt gesehne hab, do geht m ei Herz uf, un ichmehn ich war im rechte T empel Gottes , und dank dem gutenVater un SchOpfer m it ganzem Herze, dass er uns e so schOn

’

s nu

gut’s Land gegebe hot . Un wann ich v on meiner Berg ras w iederhem humm , bin ich ganz v ergnugt , un predig me in er F raa un

Kinn er, w ie schOal s Gott d ie Welt gemacht hot , un w ie mer ihmdafiir danke soll te.Nau hab ich schon dran gedenkt , wenn e mol e Bucherhandlerdran gehn déit , un diit e Buch drucke losse , wo mer in uns’re egene

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34 The Pennsylv an ia-German Soc ie ty.

published book, entitled Boonastiel , Pennsylv aniaDutch,

”by Thomas Harter, the author expresses himself

thus in the preface : “The articles conta ined in this v olume

were published from time to time in theM iddl eburgh Post

(Pa . ) of which I was editor until 1 894 , and since then inthe Keystone Gaze tte, B ellefonte, Pa . , under the heading‘ Brief Fum Hawsa Ba rrick,

’ addressed to myself as‘Liewer Kernal Harder ’ and signed ‘ Gottlieb Boonastiel . ’ At first they were written only for personal amusement

,and appeared only occasionally

,but I soon found

them so essentia l to the prosperity of my paper that inorder to keep up its circulation I was compelled to writeev ery week and now hav e a great number o f letters onfi le

,out o f which I hav e selected the substance that com

poses this v olume .A number of other persons, correctly gauging this de

sire of the people to see their dialect in book form , hav eissued collections Of their own writings or of those o f anumber of authors . T hese books hav e nev er been a drugon the market and to my certa in knowledge sev era l otherwriters hav e frequently been urged by their friends to publ ish, but hav e not yet consented to do so .

A book in the dialect naturally will obta in only a smallcirculat ion outside o f the district where the dialect isspoken . It is none the less v aluable , for if the book iswritten by one o f these people, and for them , and for themost part about them , and accepted with satisfaction bythese people, we may be reasonably certa in that we hav eeither a fl attering idealization Of them or a t least a fa ithfulportra it and not a caricature . I t may be noted , in illustration of this point, that M rs . Helen R iem ensnyder Martin

’snov els are not among the most popula r works in the dist r ict about which she writes , and for the obv ious reason

Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Dia l ect Wr itings. 35

that she a lways selects one o f the worst types it is possibleto find and sets him Off aga inst a v ery high type from someother part o f the country, a s for example a low-type Pennsylv ania German aga inst a high-type New Englander.

E in Bauer der se ine Sprache frei und sicher spricht, iste in Mann

,er bringt uns den Hauch einer eigenen Welt,

seineWeltanschauung m it ; so hart sie sein mag er komm tn ie an uns heran ohne Erqu ickung der Seele ,

” says KlausGroth . Tha t a number o f writers , by responding to thedesire of the people to hav e something in their own speech,hav e succeeded in giv ing us the Weltanschauung ” of thebody of the Pennsylv ania Germans will be shown by thewords with which they hav e been greeted by their ownpeople and the success which has attended their endeav orsas authors. Almost ev ery chapter will bear ev idence to

this fact .Once the current was fa irly under way, and the columns

o f the newspap ers Open , many came forward with effortsthat might otherwise nev er hav e found their way into print .

The establishment Of the Pennsylv ania-Germ an Maga

zine som e years ago , affording a reasonably large audienceo f interested readers , has been instrumental in bringingforward a number o f n ew singers, and from a Pennsylv ania poetess the cal l has gone out

Wu sin die deitsche D ichterSie sin v erschwunne al l

Wu sin die grosse LichterI n unsere Ruhm eshal l

Heraus , heraus R eim reiser ,

Wu sin ihr all verstecktI hr sin jo dieWegweiserDie SchOheit uferweckt .

36 The Pennsylv ani erm an Soc ie ty.

Another small class o f books may be mentioned as owingtheir existence to a v ery real necessity ; it is stated thus inpreface to the second edition Of Horne ’s “

Pennsylv aniaGerman Manual ,

”1 895 :

“T he great problem pre

sented for solution is how shall to in

habitants o f eastern Pennsylv ania , to say nothing of thoseo f other parts o f our own State and of other States , towhom English is as much a dead language as Latin andGreek

,acquire a suffi cient knowledge of English to enable

them to use that language intelligently . As a guide tothe study Of English the manual

,which includes a guide

to pronunciation , a select reader, and a dictionary, was subm itted to the public for use in schools and families . T he

book was fi rst published in 1 875 and a fourth edition hasmade its appearance .The earlier writers wrote to show that it was possible

to use the dialect for l iterary expression , to satisfy the desire among the people for stories in their da ily speech, toteach those who dealt with the Pennsylv ania Germans inbusiness the eleme nts Of their Speech and to use the dialectas a means of teaching the Pennsylv ania Germans the Engl ish language .Of subsequent writers some wrote because others had

written before them—inspiration ; where possible the reasons hav e been ferreted out in the case o f each indiv idualwriter and in each chapter noted ; a large number, howev er, hav e had no other reason for writing than the Si ngerof Goethe , and hav e asked no other reward than that onedid :

I ch singe w ie der Vogel singtDer in den Zwe igen wohnetDas Lied das aus der Kehle dringtIst Lohn der reichlich l ohnet .

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 37

VI . THE RANGE OF PENNSYLVANIA -GERMAN DIA LECTPOETRY AND THE TYPES OF DIA LECT WRIT ING.

Wide is the range of l iterary forms tha t our dialectwriters hav e cultiv ated . In v erse there is much narrativ eand descriptiv e poetry, considerable that is truly lyrical

( in the modern sense ) , and some selections tha t hav e had awide popularity as songs ( see L . M iller, E . Grumb ine,Henninger ) . A number o f sonnets hav e been written

(Hark, Ziegler ) , and just as in the more serious l iteratures , a claim has been set up by one writer to hav e writtenand first sonnet in the dialect (Hark, PROCEEDINGS P; G .

S. , Vol . X . ) This cla im has been disprov ed ( see a rticleon Ziegler ) . Ziegler, in humorous v ein , has ev en writtena sonnet on the sonnet as a literary form . T here is a greatdea l o f occasional poetry, this usually was intended to beread at the reunions of families , the gathering of formerstudents o f a school , for b irthdays , to celebrate the coming o f the New Yea r, one for a College Class Day (Henninger ) one to settl e a factional fight in a church (Kopl in )and at least three “ In M emoriam ”

-Weiser : Zum Andenken an Dr . H . H . ; Gruber : Zum Andenken an L . L .

G . ; the latter full o f snatches from Grumbin e’

s own v erseskillfully wov en into the poem ,

and finally Z iegler’s“An M

'

eine Mutter .” All a re good ; the latter actuallytakes T ennyson for his model and in some places paraphrases

,and v ery success fully, parts of that poem . Of the

latter it can be sa id that nev er has a dialect writer sethimsel f so lofty a model and then approached the sameso nearly in form] and feeling as has Z iegler.T he poetics of dialect literature has nev er been written ,

but here and there we may gather some of the laws thatwill b e incorporated in it . Karl We inhold in an essay“Ueber Deutsche Dialekt Forschung,

” when speaking

38 The Pennsylv a n ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Of the new life that entered Dialekt Dichtung throughHebel, adds

“ Viele meinten es ihm nachtun zu kOnnen ,

allein nur einer unter den zahlreichen Dia l ektdichtern haterreicht was er wollte In accounting for this he says“ Er hat nicht wie die anderen Landschaftl iche Laute and

Wor te Zusamm eng e l e im t sondern das F iihl en,D enken

and Spr echen des Vo l kes Gl ii ckl ich wied‘e r erschafien .

Das ist das E inzig e a nd Hb'

chste was diese Literar ische

Ga ttnng l eisten kann, alles andere ist leere Spreu und eitleT iinde l e i .

I f now we examine the titles o f their poems , we find thatthe Pennsylv ania-German writers hav e t reated almostwithout exception themes that l ie nea r to the Denkenund Ffihl en o f the Volk .

”

They hav e lingered long and lov ingly around the oldhom estead,

“Unser a lty Heem et”( Rauch, M eyer,

Gruber ) , literally from the cradle to the grav e and thenew home beyond the grav e . From the time the j oyouscry goes up

“it

’

s a boy ” “ En Buwel e is es ” (Keller )to the grav eyard “

Der alt Kerchhof (Weitzel ) , wheremother sleeps Die Mammi schl offt ” (Stump ) and tothe heav enly home,

“ Es himml isch Heemweh”(Bahn ) .

Boyish pranks find their gleeful narrators ; the catchingof the fabled b ird or beast, Die el fatr itsche Jagt (J . J .

B . ) t easing the old buck ,“Der alt Schofbok (DeLong )

sneaking into mother’s pantry,“Der T schel lyschl ecker

(More ) , the forfeits the boy pays when mother comeswith the shingle ,

“Der Mammi ihre Schindel ( tran l a

tion , Schuler ) , childhood’s pastimes , such as making chest

nut whistles when in the springtime the sap begins to flow,

Keschts Peifa (Keller ) , boys’ work on the farm , p ick

ing stones in the fi elds newly cleared for cultiv ation, Oh

how the boys hated the j ob ,“Der Bu am Schteel eesa

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia lect Wr itings. 39

(Stump ) , and there were some who played off when theboss was not watching, as Dinkey

’s hired man , Em Dinkey sei Knecht ” (Wuchtet ) .

There are dozens dev oted with lov ing tenderness tothe country s chool . This point need not be enlarged uponfarther than to say that Ha rbaugh

’s Old Schoolhouse by

the Creek, Das a lt Schulhaus an der Krick,” was the in

spiration of the entire body o f poetic literature in the dialect .Ev ery kind of work has its singer, haymaking, Hoyet

und E rndt ” (Mays ) , flax culture, Fl axbaue”

(Keller ) ,a v eritable littl e ep ic of toil in ten short cantos ; many hav edescribed the old-fashioned appl ebutter bee, of which it ishard to say whether it was work or sport

,

“Latwerk

koche ” (Grumbine , Fischer,On Saturday ev ening, when the work of the week is

ov er the young will gather at singing school ,“Die Sing

schule (Henninger ) , on Sundays a t the old church, Die

alt Kerch ( Reinecke ) , in the fall ev erybody gathers a tthe fa ir, An der Fa ir ” (Hark ) .

The seasons are sung ; one writer (Bahn ) celebratesthem all ; what joy there IS I n Winter

,

“Hurrah fer derWinter (Wuchter ) , and its sports , coasting,

“ E s GlattE is Fahre ” (Keller ) . There is also a melancholy sideto the ice storm that breaks the trees ,

“ E s Glatt E is ”

(Bahn ) , yet who does not welcome the snow,

“Der

Schnee ! (Wuchter ) But when the cruel winter is ov erev erybody rej o ices in the merry springtime,

“ E s Fr iih

johr is do un alles is fro”(Mays ) , while another is glad

for the opportunity to work Im ' Summer ” (Wollenweber ) . Autumn , Schpotjohr (Leisenring ) , too , hasits poet .T he festal seasons of the yea r hav e not been forgotten ,

40 The Pennsylv an ia-German Soc ie ty.

a b irthday,En Gebur tsdawg (Witmer ) ; the Fourth

Of July,“Der Viert ” (Grum b ine , M iller ) ; Christmas

ev e ,“Die Nacht v or der Chr ischdawg

”( translation ,

Zimmerman , M iller ) ; New Year’ s Day, Neujohr”

(Weitzel ) Shrov etide , F ahsn acht”(Wuchter ) a MO

rav ian E asterm orn ing , En Her r enhoodter Oschtre

morj a (Hark ) ; Santa Claus ,“Der Bel sn icke l ,

” “Das

Kr ischkinde l (Harbaugh )The delight Of those who hav e liv ed nea r to nature ’s

hea rt is not only in the phenomena of nature but also inher creatures ; the b irds hav e called forth rhyme , the

whippoorwill , Der Wipperwil l (Fischer ) the peewee ,“Der Pihwie (Harbaugh, Wuchter ) ; the birdhouse ,Es neu Vogelhaus ” (Eshelman ) the rob in , Die Am

schel (Hark ,Weitzel ) a hen and her chicks , En Gluckv oll Beepl in (Grumb ine , E . ) likewise the trees , the Old

willow,

“Der altWe idebaam Bahn ) under the spread

ing chestnut tree ,“Unn ich

’em alte Keschdabaam ”

(Hark ) ; the chestnut tree , Der Keschdabaam”(Kel

l er ) ; the woods,“Der Busch ”

(Weitzel , Stump ) ; inB rush Valley, Im Heckedahl (M eyer ) .

By no means o f least importance are the rhymed character sketches, a character,

“ En Character ” (Weitzel )the Old schoolmaster,

“Der alt School m eeschter

( Fischer ) ; the braggart,“Der Prahlhans (Grumb ine ,

E . ) our Henry, Unser Henny (Hark ) Jacky,“Der

Jockel”

(Keller ) ; the clown ,“Der Hansworscht

”

(Mays ) ; the beggar,“Der Bettelm on

”(M innich ) ; a

pla in man , En simpler Mon (Ziegler ) the miser, EnGeitz ”

(Wuchter ) ; the old charcoa l burner,“Der alt

Kohlebrenner ” (Mays ) the washerwoman,

“DieWasch

fraa (Keller ) the toper, M'

ei arme B ee (Grumb ine ,L . L . ) the fisher

,

“Der alt Fischerm on (Gruber )

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42 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Society.

ler’s “ Bells ” a fter T ennyson , Ziegler’s “

Schneckehaus

a fter Holmes’ “The Chambered Nautilus ” ; Fischer is

full o f Burns ; in one case he is thinking Of Longfellow ’s“Under a Spreading T ree ” ; E . Grumbin e

’s

“Der Al t

Busch Doctor ” is a fter a poem byWill Carleton ; Zieglerhas one that recalls Horace ’s Exeg i Monum en tum .

”

Others hav e borrowed from earlier dialect writers a sMays , and others from Harbaugh, or Harbaugh (perhaps ) from Hebel .In the field o f translation , the ground that has been

cov ered is v ast, the authors that hav e been drawn on aremany . J . Baer Stoudt has rendered Longfellow ’s “

The

Ra iny Day, a number hav e tried“The Psalm of Life,

”

while Ziegler has rendered sev eral others from Longfel

low as well as B ryant’s “

T hanatopsis . L . L . Grumbinehas gone to John Vance Cheney and rendered all o f Coleridge ’s “ Ye Ancient Mariner,

” Zimmerman has one fromgreek anthology, Rauch from Hamlet, and from Poe .

Dialect has been turned into dialect, sev eral writers turning Suabian into Pennsylv ania German ; Schuler, a ballada fter Breitm an , Ven der angry passions gadder ing ,

”into

the Pennsylv ania German . Likewise, sev eral hav e comefrom Irish and Scotch originals , notably,

“Auld RobinGray and “

The Bairn ies Cuddle Doon at Nicht (Zimmerman ) finally, and not least, Elwood Newhard has rendered parts of Gilbert and Sulliv an’s Comic Opera Pinafore , trav elled ov er Pennsylv ania with a company andsung these parts in the dialect , meeting with great success .It must be remarked in passing that amongst the Penn

sylv ania Germans there a re known in dialect form a grea tmany rhymes , riddles and weather rules in metrical form .

Their origin is like T opsy’s—“They just growed, or as

Theodor Storm says “Sic werden gar nicht gemacht , sie

Pennsylv a nia-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings. 43

wachsen , sie fallen aus der Luft , sie fliegen uber Land wieM‘

a r iengarn , hierhin und dorthin und werden an tausendStellen zugleich gesungen . J . Ba er Stoudt has collectedthese and published them in the PROCEEDINGS OF T HEPENNSYLVANIA -GERMAN SOCIETY

,Vol . XXI I I .

The bulk of the prose has been in the form of newspaper letters (Rauch, D . M iller, H . Mi ll er,Wol l enweber ,

Ha t ter , While these a re, in the ma in , humorous ,we get snatches o f other forms here and there . Bookrev iews occur, such a s Leisenring on Wol l enweber

’s book

( see p . The present writer has in his possession aletter in the dialect by a professor a t the T heologica l Seminary a t Lanca ster comm ending a young pastor for adialect poem he has written in the interests o f peace in afactional church . Horne adv er tises Ziegler’ s book in abroadside to prospectiv e buyers . 'A bit Of brief Biog ra

phy—Conrad Gehr ing

’s

“ Liv es o f the German Gov ernorsof Pennsylv ania —has appeared in Horne ’s Manual ,while JosephWa rner has published a Comic History o fthe United Sta tes,

” modeled on a book of sim ila r titl e inEnglish. Two dram ol ets were written and also played inmany a crossroads schoolhouse ( see Rauch, E . Grumb ine )Sev eral other types o f com position

,though not in print,

must be mentioned hereSerm ons .

—Many preachers no doubt used, instead o fGerman , a language closely approximating the dialect, butthere is one that stands in a class by himself—Moses Diss inger

,

“The

‘ B illy ’Sunday of the Pennsylv ania Ger

mans .” Some of his stories, his figures o f speech, hisstriking illustrations , hav e appeared in print, many moreare still v iv id in the minds o f those who had the oppor

tun ity to hear him preach.

Lec tur es .—A t least one Pennsylv ania German , R anch,

44 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ a n Soc ie ty.

had a set lecture with which he trav elled ; a part o f thisis reprinted in one Of the earlier v olumes of the PENNSYLVANIA -GERMAN SOCIETY’

S PROCEEDINGS. In addition todeliv ering this lecture he also read his own and from Harbaugh’s poems .

'Le tters .—These hav e been referred to abov e ; others are

mentioned in the article on Harter . In gathering the

material for this work, the present writer found that insoliciting information he could get nearer to his corresponden ts if a few paragraphs were written in the dialect .The Pennsylv ania-German writers had been so much m isunderstood that they seemed to open their hearts in adifferent way When made to realize that the writer notonly knew and used their dialect but understood their pointof View and appreciated their feelings .Pol itica l Speeches .

—The politicians early learned toknow the v alue o f the dialect as a means o f approach tothe v oters . Many are the names that might be cited hereand under this rubric would be included the sp eeches ofthe Hon . W. H . Sowden , of Allentown , although he , theirauthor

,was a nativ e of Cornwall , England . (For notes

on the dialect in the Courts s ee article on Rauch. Compare also footnote to President F acken tha l ’s address Proceedings of the P. G . S. , Vol . XXIV, p .

After D inner Speeches and Addr esses .—Henninger was

perhaps the prince Of thos e in the list . Henry Ho’

uck ,too , will long be remembered for his efforts along this line .See also Dr . N . C . Schaeffer on Henry Harbaugh in Introduct ion to Lynn Harbaugh

’

s life o f Henry Harbaugh .

A lm anacs—A t least two almanacs appeared entirelyin the dialect ; of one o f these El i Keller was the editorand comp iler, H . A . Schuler of the other . They bothcame from the Friedensbote Press , Allentown .

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia lec t Wr itings . 45

VII . AWORD A BOUT THE ARRANGEMENT .

T he problem of arrangement presented many diffi culties . There were clearly a number o f writers that belonged to the founders o f the literature . Among theseare Harbaugh, Rauch, Fischer and Horne . At the sametime E l i Keller, who published some Of his best poems inRauch’s almost forgotten “

Pennsylv ania Dutchman ,”is

still producing good poems ; the l ife o f Ezra Grumb inealso cov ers almost the entire period . M ilton Henningerproduces a poem at interv als Of almost a score o f years .Horne , who belongs to the earlier writers , continued torev ise and reprint his book, and it has ev en had a numberOf editions since his death , rev ised by his son .

Since the treatment has been in the ma in b iographic, the

course taken has been to group together certa in writers asOf T he Earlier Period

,including amongst these the con

s ideration of all writers no longer l iv ing . T hose groupedin The Later Period , comprising writers still liv ing, hav ebeen arranged in alphabetical order . For conv eniencesome hav e been characterized by a line or a phrase . Ofthose not so characterized some are so well known as notto need it , in the case o f others it has been possible to sumup their work in the manner indicated, that is, by a line or aphrase .I t is also proper to add that no effort has here been

made to construct a phonetic alphabet to be adhered tothroughout, or to inv ent a uniform system of spelling thedialect . The writers do not agree on this po int ; indeedthey Often quarreled with each other about it . I t, therefore, seemed best to the editor and compiler, w ith a View Of

affording the widest representation , to leav e the quotedparts in exactly the dialect setting and spelling in which

they were put by the writers themselv es .

THE EARLIER PERIOD AND WRITERS NOLONGER LIVING .

I LOUIS M ILLER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or INEORMATION.

Amerikan ische Vol kskunde . Karl Knortz, Le ipzig .

Proceedings of the Pennsylvan ia-German Soc iety, Vol . XI I .Short Sketch of the Pennsylvan ia Germans. H . L. Fishe r

,Ch icago, I l l .

Antedating Rondtha ler usually accounted the first tohav e essayed dialect v erse is another Pennsylv ania-German poet whose poems were, howev er, in all probabilitynot in print at so early a date . Louis Mil ler was born theson o f a school teacher, at York , Pa .

,December 3 , 1 795 ;

he became a carpenter and later a builder, and is sa id tohav e ga ined credit and distinction as such ; he was a manOf ready w it , and Of a culture unusual for his time and inhis community. T his fund Of information he acquired bydiligent sel f-instruction and by one v ery extensiv e tripthrough Europe . Besides this he was a talented cartoonistand caricaturist, as is shown by two v olumes of his sketchesstill extant . So fa r I possess only one of his poems ; it isa driv er’s song which was sa id to hav e had a goodly shareo f popularity in the days when the German farmers ofsouthern Pennsylv ania used to conv ey the products of theirfarms and distilleries to market in Baltimore in their greatConestoga wagons .

Pennsylv a nia-German Dia l ec t Wr itings . 47

Nooch Baltimore geht unser FuhrMit dem bedeckte WaageDer T urnp ike zeigt uns die Geschpur ,Die Gaul sin gut beschl aage .

En guter Schluck, Gluck zu der Reiss,Der Dramm , der steigt un fallt im PreisSO bloose die Posauner

Hot , Schimmel , hot ! ei, B rauner !

Mer fahre bis zum B lauen Ball ,En deutscherWit t , ein guter Schtal lDer E ir isch isch Schalk JaunerHot , Schimmel , hot ! c i, B raun er !Do schteht

’n Berg, dort l igt

’

n Dahl ,Un

’s Zollhaus gegen iiwer ;

Es singt en Le rch, es pfeift’

n Schtaar ;

Die Fre iheit isch uns l iewer .”

Es regert sehr, der Pelz wert nass,Mer steige aus dem Waage

,

Un ziege aus dem kleene Fass ,Was taugt fii r unsere MaageSeenscht net das, nau, sehun schpreier geht ?

Met bl e iwe net dahinde ,

Un wer das Fuhrwerk recht v erschteht ,Losst s ich net l odisch finde.

Den Dramm , den hen mer jetz verkauft ,Un

’

s Gelt isch in der T asche ;Jetz fahre mer v ergnugt zu Hans,Und lere ’s in die Kaschte ;En guter Schluck ! Gl iick bu der Reiss !Der Dramm , der schteigt un fallt im Preiss !So bloose de PosaunerHot , Schimmel ! hot , c i Brauner !

The Pennsylv a n ia-German Socie ty.

Jetz henm er schun en gute LothVon al le Sorte Waare ,Die wollu mer jetz heem zus g raad

Auf ’s schm aa l e Eck hi fahre.Der Fuhr loh zaa l t des Zehrgeld zruck,

En guter Schluck , zu allem Glick,Mir sin ke Schal ke Jauner !Hot , Schimmel ! hot , c i B rauner !

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50 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

thaler, a brother of the abov e named, who had a lso been ateacher in the same institution , and who died in 1 848.

This last statement is confirmed by B ishop Edward Rondthaler, OfWinston-Salem , N . C. , a son of the former, andby M iss Elizabeth Rondtha l er , of B ethlehem , Pa . ,

adaughter o f the latter, from whom also comes the statement that it was written by her father about 1 835 whenhe was twenty years old, because he desired to prov e asabov e stated that the Pennsylv ania German

,so generally

desp ised, could be used to express poet ic and refined sent im en t . A consideration Of certa in phenomena of nature ,and part icula rly o f the morning bringing fav orable omensas compared with those Of ev ening, leads our div ine tonote in general the mutability Of human fortune , on whichfollows the comforting refl ection that “ up yonder ” whatis fa ir in the morning will b e no less so a t ev entide if therebe an ev entide there at all . Hereupon the poet burstsinto an expression of passionate longing for tha t blestabode , and calls upon his friends not to griev e for himwhen he is la id in the tomb and enters the realms wherethere is no change . ( Cf . for subj ect matter I . Thess . ,IV,

Pro f . Reichel in his introductory remarks declared it ashis belief “ that it is one o f the first attempts to render thatm ongr e l dialect the v ehicle o f poetic thought and diction .

”

He commends the poem for the touching appeal it makesto the finer feelings of our nature and the sp irit Of Christian fa ith and hope with which it is imbued . The professor adds a translat ion into English in a different meterwhich is, in reality, more in the nature of a paraphrase .

As to the“ mongrel dialect,

”it is interesting to note

tha t o f the 1 62 words in the poem ,only two are English .

Reichel ’s v ersion betrays an effort made by means o f

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 51

the orthography to accentuate the difference between thepronunciation of the dialect and the High German . Whilea few of his changes m ight meet with acceptance , his v ersion is not on the whole success ful , and at least one changeis made in gender which v iolates p resent usage in that samecounty, a s well a s the High German .

ABENDLI ED.

Margets sche in t‘°

die Sun so schoOwets geht der gehl Mond uf,

Margets leit der Dau im Klee ,Ow ets tritt m er drucke druf.

Margets singe al l die VOgel ,Ow ets g reischt die Loabkrot arg.Margets g loppt mer m it der Flegel ,Ow ets leit mer schun im Sarg.

Alles dut sich annern do ,Nix bleibt immer so w ie now .

Was c i’

m Freed macht , bleibt net so ,Werd gar arg bald hart un rau .

Drows werd es anners sein ,

Dart , wo’

s now so blow aussichtDart is Margets alles feih,Dart is Ow ets alles Licht.

Margets is dart Freed die FullOwets is es au noch so,

Margets is em ’s Herz so st ill ,Owets is mer au noch froh.

Ach ! w ie dut me doch gel ischteNach der blowe Wohnung dart ;

Dart m it alle gute Chr ischte ,Freed zu habe

, Ruh al sfor t .

Wann sie m i in’

s Grab n e in trage ,G reint n et , denn ich hab

’s so scho

52 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

Wann sie es des Owets sageDenkt—bei ihm is sell all anes !

1 849 . Deutscher K ir chenfreund, Aug.

MORGETS UND OWETS.

Morgets schein t die Sun so scho ,Owets geht der gehl Mon d uf,Morgets leit der Dau im G l éi

Owets drett mer drucke druf.

Morgets singe all die F eggl e ,Owets greyscht der Lawh-krott arg,Morgets g l oppt mer m it der F l eggl e ,Ow ets leit mer sho im Sarg.

Al les dut sich ennere do ,Nix bl eibt immer so w ie nau ;

Wos’ em F r iid macht , ble ibt nett so ,Werd gar arg bald harrt un rau

B rowe werd es anners sein ,

Dart wo nau so blo aussicht,Dart is Morgets alles fein ,

Dart is Owets alles Licht.

Morgets is dart F réid d ie F ill,Ow ets is es 0 noch so ;Morgets is ems Herz so still ;Ow ets is mer 0 noch fro .

A ch ! wie dut mer doch gel ischte ,Nach der blO’

eWon ing dart ;Dart m it alle gute Chr isteFr iid zu have—ROO als fort.

Wann s ie m ich ins Grab ne i drage ,G rein t n ett—denn ich habs so schoWann sie Ess is Owet ! —sageDenkt—be i ihm is sell , allon e .

”

Nazareth Hall and Its Reun ions ,

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr iting s. 53

MORGETS UND OWETS. (T ran slat ion . )

I n the morn ing the sun shin es cheerful and bright,

I n the even ing the yellow moon ’s splendor is shedI n the morn ing the c lover’s with dew all bed ight ,I n the even ing its blossoms are dry to the tread .

I n the morn ing the birds s ing in un ison sweet ,I n the even ing the frog c ries prophetic and loud ;

I n the morn ing we toil to the flail ’s dull beat ,I n the evening we l ie in

=

our coffin and shroud .

Here on earth there is nothin g exempt from rude changeNaught abiding, con tinuing always the same ;What pleases is passing—is past, oh how strange !And the j oy that so mocked us is followed by pain .

But above ’tw ill be differen t I very well knowUp yonder where all is so calm and so blue !

I n the morn in g there Obj ec ts will be al l aglow,

I n the even ing aglow too with Heaven ’s own hue .

I n the morn ing up yonder our cup will be filled ,I n the even ing its draught will not yet have been drained ,

I n the morn ing our hearts will d ivin ely be stilled ,I n the even ing ecstatic with bliss here unn amed .

And Oh, how I long, how I yearn to be there ,Up yonder where al l is so cal m and so bl ue ,With the Spirit of perfected j ust on es to shareT hrough Etern ity’s ages j oy and peace ever new .

And when to my grave I shall slowly be born e,Oh weep and lamen t not , for I am so blest !

And when “it is even ing you ’ll say or

,

’t is mornRemember for me there is n othing but rest !

This is the translation of Rondtha l er ’s Abendliedmade by Prof . William C . Reichel , Pennsylv an ia German

,

May, 1 906.

3 . HENRY HARBAUGH .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or INFORMATION.

Life of Harbaugh . Lynn Harbaugh , Ph iladelph ia, 1 900.

Ha rbaugh’s Harfe . Bausm an

,Ph ilade lph ia, 1 870. Introduction .

A lleman ia . Bonn,Vol . II, p. 240.

Harb augh . P. C. Croll, Pennsylv an ia German , Vol . V, 2 , 51 .

Pennsylvan ia Dutch Han dbook. Rauch, Mauch Chunk, 1 879 .

T he Penn Mon thly, Ph ilade lph ia, Vol . I, p. 2 8

National Cyclope d ia of Am er ican. B iog raphy, New York , 1 904 , Vol . 1 2 .

T he Germ an Elem ent in T he Un ited States. Faust,Boston and New

York,1 909.

Gesch ichte der Nordam er ikan ischen Litteratur . K nor tz, Berlin , 1 89 1 .

Pennsylv an ia Germ an , Vol . VII, 4 , 1 78.

Life of Ph ilip Schafi . D . S. Schaff, New York .

T he Guard ian , Lancaster.T he Independent, June , 1 880 : Dr. Steiner.P ennsylvan ia-German Manual. Horne , 1 875.

A nn als of Harbaugh Fam i ly, Chambe rsburg , 1 861 .

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY. Vol . XVIII . U . S.

Koons.

Deutsche P ion ier , Cinc innati, Vol . 1 5, 377.

D ial ekt D ichtung in Am er ika. H . H . Fick .

German and Sw iss Settl eme n ts in Pennsylv an ia. Kuhns, New York .T ransact ions Am er ican Ph i lolog ical A ssoc ia tion , Vo l . I , 80.

Deutsch in Amer ika . Zimm erm ann , Ch icago.

Das Deutsche Elemen t in den Ve r . Staaten . Von Bosse, p. 436.

Das Deutschtum in den Ve r . Staaten . Goebe l, p. 30.

Ausw anderung u. K olon ieg r ii ndung der Pféi lzer . Haberle, Heidelberg .

Ge sch ichte der Schwabischen D ialekt D ichtung . Holder, He ilbronn , 1 896.

Ame r ikan ische Volkskun de . Knor tz, Le ipzig .

Reform ed Church Messenger.

Pennsylv a nia-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 55

Di e A lte Ze it. Mann , Ph ilade lph ia.B lessed Memory (T he ) of Hen ry Harbaugh . Jos. Dubbs, D.D. ,

P. G .,Vol .

X, 1 , 1 .

Henry Harbaugh is well known ; Pennsylv ania-Germanliterature has often been interpreted to mean little elsethan Harbaugh

’

s Harfe,the v olume of his collected dia

lect poems . His name is mentioned by ev ery one who hasspoken or written o f Pennsylv ania-German literature ;moreov er an excellent Li fe has been written by his son ,Lynn Harbaugh , and published by the Reformed ChurchPublication Board, Philadelphia , 1 900, and few new factscould be added to the material presented in that work .

The b iography, howev er, has distinctly the tone o f beingwritten for those who knew him as a pastor and a theol og ian and the reader would little suspect his rea l rank asa dialect poet from the half dozen pages dev oted to thisSide o f his career . I t is rather a s the belov ed shepherdo f the flock, the careful church historian or the l earnedprofessor o f theology that he appears , and his life work isin large measure cov ered by these terms . Yet his dialectproductions mark the crest o f a wav e of influence that wasset in motion at the beginn ing of the n ineteenth centuryin a l ittle secluded v alley of the southern B lack Forest byJohn Peter Hebel , through the publication Of a smallv olume of poems in the Alemannic dialect, a wav e of influence which in time spread ov er the whole o f Germany .

“Die Anregungen zur Nachfolge zu v erfolgen ,

” saysHebel ’s b iographer in the Allgemeine Deutsche Biog raphie , und zu fragen wer s ich hat durch Hebel’s Vorgangund leuchtendes B eisp iel begeistern lassen au f dem Gebietdeutscher Zunge, v on der Schweiz bis zum norddeutschenPlattland

,se iner dichterschen Muse das Gewand des Dia

l ekts umzulegen , ist nicht dieses Orts .” I f the writer had

56‘

The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

ev er undertaken this task , he would hav e found it n eces

sary to extend the geographical limits set and to add undsogar tiber das M eer nach Amerika .

”

Henry Harbaugh was born near Waynesboro , Pa . , Oc

tober 2 8, 1 8 1 7 ; his ancestors had come from Switzerlandand were tillers o f the soil ; at nineteen he left the farmand his home, in order to hav e a freer hand in workingout his future . After four years o f life in Ohio , carpentering, going to school and teaching school , he was able toreturn and enter Marshall College, M ercersburg, Pa . ;

three years he spent in Preparatory School , College andTheological Seminary, then , in 1 843 , serv ed successiv elythree congregations a s p astor, at Lewisburg, Lancasterand Lebanon

,Pa . , until 1 863 , when he became pro fessor

of didactic and practical theology at the Seminary of T heRe formed Church at M ercersburg . During the laterperiods , from 1 843 to his death, he founded and editedThe Guardian, a monthly magazine , contributed fre

quently to the Mer cersburg R ev iew ( editor, 1 867 to hisdeath ) , wrote numerous books chiefly on theological andb iblical subj ects, b iography, poetry, addresses , lectures

( unpublished ) and articles for encyclopedias . December 2 8, 1 867, in the m idst o f his labors , he ended this life .On January 9 , 1 868, his friend Dr . Philip Schaffwrote

in the Chr istian Wor l d,among other things as follows

As the poet in the Pennsylv ania-German dialect he standsalone, if we except an isolated attempt ma de before ,namely, the touching ev en ing hymn ,

‘ Margets scheint diesun so schee ,

’ written by a Morav ian m inister, the lateR ev . M r . R ondtha l er , and published in (Schaff

’s) K ir

chenfr eund in 1 849 . I first directed his attention to thisp iece of poetry and

,suggested to him the desirableness Of

immortalizing the Pennsylv ania German in song before it

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58‘The Pennsylv a n ia-Germ an Socie ty.

ered from the neighborhood ? When we think of him askeeping a notebook almost from the time that he couldwrite , priv ately schooling himsel f, writing letters , essays ,addresses ( and on occasion deliv ering them ) , and with itall , always singing and teaching others to sing—we hav ea p icture not only Of the youth but a sure token of theman that he was to become .Some of his English poems hav e been v ery widely read

and giv e promise of continuing to liv e , especially Th e

Mystic Weav er ” and “Through Death to Life of his

sp iritual songs , sev eral are being used in the church serv iceso f his own church, The Reformed Church in T he UnitedStates , and at least one ,

“ Jesus , I liv e to T hee , has takenits place in the Protestant Ep iscopal , M ethodist, Baptistand Presbyterian Hymnals and in a number o f other colIections .At the end of the third chapter of the b iography, Lynn

Harbaugh says :“Much Of it all—the downfa l l ings and

uprisings, the smiles and tears , and aught else that goes tomake up the lights and shadows of an ev ent ful life—maybe rounded out from the diary of one’s own experience , forthe old world wags much the same for all, and life

’s storyis an old one .” In these words we can expla in the popul ar ity of Harbaugh

’

s dialect poetry . He has chronicledthese downfa l l ings and uprisings , thes e smiles and tears ,these l ights and shadows , and their appeal is univ ersal because these experiences may be rounded out in the diarieso f the liv es of so many of those who hav e heard or readhis l ines , of those for whom they were written .

In “Das alt Schulhaus an der Krick ”

the sp eaker, aperson who had gotten tired of home , has gone

“owwe

naus ”—out west,a s we would say—and a fter twenty

years of fortune-chasing ha s come back to procla im that

Pennsylv ania -Germ a n D ia l ect Wr itings . 59

there ’s nought but humbug owwe draus , that brownstone fronts and boundless wealth are not to be comparedin v alue with the l ittle Ol d schoolhouse nea r his father’shouse , before which he stands . As he stands and looksand thinks he finds all still a s Of yore, the babbling brook,the alder bushes by it , the little fishes in it ; the white oakat the schoolhouse door, the grape v ines tw ining ov er it andthe swallow ’s nest a t the gable . All is so realistic, it cannotbe but that he is back aga ih in his youth, h is j oyous laughterafli rm s it , but tears flow the while he laughs

,denying it ;

thus he continues through the many descriptiv e stanzasthat follow ; sometimes in the present tense things are andaga in in the past they were ; we get a complete p icture Ofthe Ol d-time schoolmaster, the architecture and furnishingof the schoolroom , the seating Of the pup ils , the disciplineof the t eacher, the games on the playground, schooldayflir tations, tricks played upon the teacher. SO v iv id doesthe narrator make it all that he is suddenly brought tohimself with the question , where a re those pup ils now ?Facing actuality once more he is aga in torn with the conflicting emotions—j oy at being in its presence and the desire to weep for the past that is no more ; finally he b idsgood bye to the old schoolhouse, pleading with those whostill liv e there to take good care o f it at all times .Ulysses S. Koons has written : What tenderness , what

pathos and humor perv ade this poem in its p icturing ofthe humble schoolhouse of long ago ! We do not wonderthat this poem has a lways been a great fav orite .” Andspeaking Of the lines :

Die kleene Mad hen Ring geschpiel tUf sell em Wassum da ;Wann grose Méid Sin in der Ring’

S is doch en w unnervol l es DingSin grose Buwe ah !

60 T he Pennsylv ania-Germ an Socie ty.

Die Grose hen die Grose ’

taggt ,

Die Kleen e all verm isst !Wie Sin se g

’

schprunge ab un uf

Wer g’

wunne hot , v er loss d ich druf,Hut dichdig li ch gekisst !

he adds : “ I f univ ersality is one of the characteristics ofgenius these lines must b e considered a masterp iece, forwhere on earth has there ev er been a schoolhouse wherethis ring k issing game of j oyous memory has not beenplayed precisely as set forth by our poet .”

But the present writer says there is univ ersality in ev eryl ine and ev ery thought . What family was there , or isthere, that did not hav e its dissatisfied boy who must needsseek his fortune abroad ? What tender-hearted mother orstern father but has doubted whether their dea r one , insp ite of material things that may hav e come to him , is

quite a s well off a s he would be at home , and, therefore ,giv es ready assent to the sentiment that there ’s noughtbut humbug “

owwe draus .” The present writer recallsthe occasion when he was v ery young, a new schoolhousenear his home replaced an older one , and the new one wasbeing dedicated by a Sunday School which ma de use of thebuilding on Sundays ; a v ery Old man was one Of the

speakers ; there were addresses in English and addresses inGerman , all Of which he has forgotten , if he ev er understood them ; the old man had finished his address in

'

Ger

man and had taken his seat when he suddenly j umped upand sa id “

Oh, ich het schier gar v ergess e—Heit is esexactly zwanzig j ahr ” and recited the whole poem to theend

,amid the smiles and winks o f the younger men and

the deep sighing and ev en tears o f the Older men andwomen

,and so true , so realistic did it al l seem tha t he did

not know until years later that the old man had not spoken

Pennsylv an ia-Germ an D ia l ect Wr iting s . 6 1

of himsel f and been describ ing the schoolhouse that hadstood on that v ery spot in years gone by ; and yet theschoolhouse o f Harbaugh and the one where this oc

curred were as far apart as the most eastern and the mostwestern counties o f German Pennsylv ania .

He giv es us a p icture not only o f a schoolhouse, and o fbygone days

,not only a portrayal o f man ’s inwardness and

its expression , but Of the thoughts and feelings o f thepeople o f whom and for whom he writes . “ Er war,

”

says B enj amin B ausman ,“ obschon er beinahe ausschiess

l ich in Englischer Sprache schrieb , v on Haus aus e in so

genannter Deutsch Pennsyl v an ier . In seinem v ii ter l ichen

Haus wurde Pennsylv anisch Deutsch gesprochen . Den

e igen thiim l ichen Geist dieses Volkes saugt e er v on seinerfriihesten Kindheit ein . Er l iebte dessen Gebr iiuche ,

dessen kindlichen Sinn und dessen schl ichte F rOmm igke it ,und fiihl te sich n irg ende so wohl zu Haus als in; den Fam il ien und grossen Kirchen Ost-Pennsylv aniens .” Thenfollows this v ery signifi cant sentence : Bei seinen B esuchenunter diesem Volk bem iihte er sich j edesmal, etwas ausdessen geschichtlichem Leben zu sammeln , und aufzube

wahren .

”T o this people he brought in his poems re

fl exes Of the ir better selv es in youth and in old age, indeepest sorrow or greatest j oy, when sunk in dark despa ir, when buoyed up by a confident trust in the Master

’spromises : it was no wonder, as Fick says , quot ing Bausman ,dass da s Vo lk sein Gem ii tv o l l en Gedichte an den Feu

erherden las,und d

'

ariiber weinte und lachte .” It is nowonder that the v olume o f his poems l ies alongside o f theFamily B ible

,as Karl Knor tz tells us it does ; it is small

wonder if it were true as he too tells u s that they can t e

peat “Das alt Schulhaus ‘

an der Krick ” from memorybetter than their confession of faith .

62 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

During the years 1 86 1 and 1 862 most of his poemswere published in the Guardian ; in January, 1 86 1

,Der

R egeboja without comment ; in August , Das alt Schulhaus an d-er Krick,

” with a hal f apologetic explanatorynote by the editor, and no indication Of authorship ; inNov ember, Haemweh,

” one Of his best, stil l anonymous ;in February, 1 862 , to Lah Business —a poem of whichDr . Dubbs has written that it is so much inferior to hisother productions a s hardl y to appea r to be from the samehand —was fi rst added By the editor .” From thistime the poems appea r almost ev ery month By the edi

tor ” for about a year, when his activ ity a long this lineceased under pressure of his new duties as professor Of

theology . Nor was it granted him during his busy lifeto fulfil the wishes of his friends that he publish a col l ection of his poems . Immediately a fter his death Dr . Pas

sav ant, of the Lutheran Church , in a letter to Dr . Schaff,in which he declared tha t he felt “Ha emweh to be theequal of Goldsmith’s Deserted Village ,

” urged upon himto undertake the work . By Dr . Schaff it was in turn referred to the R ev . Dr . B enj amin Bausman , under whoseeditorship the Harfe appeared—a collection of fi fteendialect poems with the author’s own English v ersion of fourof them ; it is illustrated also with woodcuts of Das a ltSchulhaus an der Krick ,

” “Die alt M ichl ” and “Haem

weh also a portrait Of the author . There is a Vorredeand a b iographical sketch by the editor, and an InM'emoriam—in the dialect einen riihr enden poetischenNachruf,

” says Dr . Fick—by a descendant Of the Old

Pennsylv ania-German Indian agent, the Rev . Conrad Z .

Weiser .

Es sind m eistervol l e Gen reb ilder, says Fick, wenn er des

alten Feuerherdes, der Schlafstube, der alten Muhle gedenkt , Oder

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 63

wenn er erzahl t w ie er von se in er Mutter beim Fortgehen aus demElternhause abschied und sie we inend auf der Veranda stehend ,ihm nachblickte.”

Writers on the history o f music tell us that before acertain pedal arrangement was perfected for the harp itwas not practical for the performer to play all the keys .In the l ast poem referred to abov e , Haemweh,

” Harbaugh’ s Harfe had all the improv ements in rapid succession , running the whole fange Of tona l coloring. The

poem begins with the simple calm suggestion , unreasonedand ununderstood, that he ought to go to see the oldhomestead , an annual thought . I t grips him

,howev er,

and he s ets out , and now it driv es him faster and faster,until as he nears the top of the last hill that hides it fromhis View the j oy o f anticipation ris es to such heights thathe must literally leap into the a ir to speed his first glimpses .Mo re slowly now, but still in rap id panorama the fam iliarscenes of childhood pass until he reaches the gate wherehis heartb roken mother wav ed him his last farewell, herehe touches the v ery depths o f grief . The l ight o f thev eranda brings thoughts o f his father gone , but he hadliv ed to see the day when he could giv e his hearty approv a lto the course his son had pursued . He now stands beforethe door . Shall he step inside ?

Es is wol alles voll in sideUnd doch is alles leer .

Full and yet empty, the contrast o f the se two lines arethe contrast o f the whole poem . His j oy was like aglorious sunburst but the grief-stricken outcry like a crashof thunder in the darkness Of the storm . Ov er it all therainbow of hope rises once more , and , resigned , he goesback to the tasks of this world until it be the wi ll o f Godto call him home .

64 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

That ra inbow Still stands ov er Harbaugh’s tomb

,for

on one s ide of the marble monument that marks the Spotwhere Harbaugh sleeps are cut the words from “Haemweh

”

O wann ’s net vor der H immel w ar

Mit se iner scheene Ruh,Dann w iir m ’r’s do schun lang v er l eedt ,I ch Wisst net , was zu dhu.

Doch Hoffnung l e ichtet mein en Weg

Der ewigen Heem et zu.

”

And from the same poem , these l ines on the other side

Dort find m ’

r , was m’

r do verliertUnd b

’

hal t’

s in Ew igkeit ;Dort lewe un sre Dodte all ,I n L icht und ew

’

ger Freid .

Der Pihwie is a dialogue between a farmer and thePeewee—harb inger of spring. In the Guardian , Dr . J .

H . Dubbs says that this , though otherwise a fine poem , has

a strong,though undesigned, resemblance to Hebel

’s “Der

Storch . This seems to hav e been an unfortunate expression ; it is quoted in Lynn Harbaugh

’

s B iography and inhis essay . He has ev en b een constra ined to add there wasnothing l ike serv ile imita tion or outright p lagiarism .

Such words would hav e been unnecessary if the two

poems had ev er been printed s ide by side . Harbaugh hadbeen a boy for whom the b irds sang ; he had no doubt , before he knew what poetry was , sa id

“E i Pihwie bischt

zer ick.

” I t is a method o f welcome common to allp eoples for the b ird of spring . Another Pennsylv aniaGerman poet has treated the same subj ect in the same way,o ften in the same phrases . I f that pa rt OfHebel ’s poembe omitted in which he talks with the stork on the war and

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66 'The Pennsylvania-German Society.

In Das alt Schulhaus an der Krick Harbaugh says ,comparing the rest o f the world with home :

I ch sag ihm awer vorn e nausEs is al l humbug oww e draus.

A Hollander who has migrated to America writes Of hishome :

Hew up de ganzeWelt n ix sehnWa t di to gl iken war .

We hav e seen how in Haemweh, Harbaugh says

I ch wees net w as die Ursach is

Wees net , warum ich’s dhu ;

’N j edes Johr mach ich derWeg

Der alte Heem et zu.

A F latt-Dutchman from B remen , Gustav Hal thusen , doesnot actually make such a j ourney, but fain would do so

Siih F rund, m i will de Heim ath

Noch gar n ich ut den S innSO 01 ik ok al l wordenSo lang ik wek 0k bin

Un is en F rohjahr well erMal kamen up de EerDan t rekket de GedankenNoch j iimm er Oew ert M eer.

T he dialect writers are a close fraternity, and mustOften be expected to express identical thoughts in all butidentical terms .In the b iography we are told that Dr . Harbaugh lov ed

childhood and children ; that it was his delight to watchthem at play and to cherish their sayings in his heart .He was particularly skil ful in addressing littl e children ,telling them stories—Christmas stories , stories sometimesof his own inv ention . This Side of his nature also re

Pennsylv ania -German D ia l ect Wr iting s . 67

ce iv ed recognition , found expres sion not only incidentallya s in “

Das alt Schulhaus an der Krick but in separatepoems l ike “Will widder Buwel e sein ,” “

Das Krischkindel ,

”Der Be lsn ickel .

”

Dr . Nathan C . Schaeffer, superintendent o f public instruction of Pennsylv ania , has sa id o f Dr . Harbaugh“He was a typ ical Pennsylv ania German . T he dialectand its range o f ideas he acquired at his mother’s knee andfrom the companions o f his childhood and youth . His

powers Ofwork and his lov e o f fun were dev eloped underthe tutelage of the Ol d farm and under the influence Of itscustoms , traditions, and forms o f speech . He was thoroughly familiar with the homes and hab its , the social andreligious life of the Pennsylv anians of German ancestry .

He knew their merits , foibles and shortcomings , theirpeculiar ways and superstitions , their highest hopes andnoblest emotions . He admired their frankness and sim

pl icity, their thrift and industry, their honesty and integ r ity. He shared the ir fondness for good meals

,their

sense of humor, their hatred o f ev ery form of sham andhumbug . He summed up in his personality and exemplified in his life the best cha racteristics o f thes e people .

”

T o this excellent characterization it might b e added thatthe few dialect poems he wrote are an epitome Of the

manners and customs , the life and thought Of these Pennsylv an ian s.

What can be said Of his poems may fa irly be counted ascha racteristic Of the best that has been written in the

dialect . The last mentioned poem ,

“Der Be l sn ickel ,

”

was cited by the Philade lphia Dem okr a t to Show that thedialect does not or need not , if it stays in proper bounds ,adopt many English expressions. On the other hand, apoem on the ha rv est field attributed to Harbaugh, though

68 T he Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Society.

not printed in his Guar dian and not in the collected poems ,is so full o f Slangy English expressions dragged in torhyme with German words that it m ight easily standalongside o f those that giv e most Offense from this pointOf View .

There is another poem which he published in the

Guardian in August , 1 862 , as“ By the editor,

” which wasnot taken into the Harfe ; it is short— 1 2 lines—is entitledDas Un ion Arch, maj estic, beautiful and fi rm it stands ;

’

t is treason to lay hands upon it to tear it asunder ; it w il lstand many an assault , nor will it be rent, for Lincoln isits guardian .

DA s UNION ARCH .

Sehnst du sell arch von v ierundreissig ste ?Un w escht du was sell bedeuta dut ?

Es stell t die Un ion vor, gar griesl ich schoe ,Der Keyston e in der M itt steht fescht un gut.

Sell Arch loss sei ! -ke single S te reg a ;Dort mus es steh b is Al les geht zu n ix

Wan eppes legt sei T reason Hand dort draDon schiest m ir w ie en Hund m it M inn ie ’

s Bix !

Sell Arch is vesht cemen t m it her tzen Blut ;Es stan t en hat ter Rebel sturm , I

’ll bet ;Verreist

’

s ! kreisht aus die gans Sesession BrutDer Lincoln w atcht Sie close un l osst sie net .

Schaff had suggested that the dialect was dying out,Harbaugh accepted this View . August Sauer in the Introduction to “

Die deutsche Sacular Dichtungen an derWende des 1 8 u . 1 9 Jahrhunderts

” says : “Wenn dasLeben des M enschen s ich dem Ende neigt so treten dieEreignisse seiner friihesten Jugend am stéi rkesten in seinemGedachtn isse herv or .” In “ Geron , der Adel ige

” Wieland has sa id the same thing thus

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 69

Das Alter ist geschw atzig , w ie ihr Wisst,Es liebt zu reden von den guten ZeitenDie n icht mehr sind , in denen es, al s w ieI n einem T raum allein n och lebt.

As the dying swan, of which Harbaugh wrote elsewhere, the dialect in Harbaugh

’s hands sang Of the Old,

”

six of the fi fteen titles hav e the word o ld Das a l t

Schulhaus ,” “

Der a l t Feuerheerd,” or in contrast new

Die n cic Sort Dschen tl el eit ,” or some suggestion o f com

parison o f past and present—“Wil l widder Buwel e sei,”

three others in the first stanza , two in the first line betraythe same theme . In “

Die Schlofstub”he says : “ Als

Pilger geh ich widder hin , Ins Haus wo ich gebo t e bin .

”

In Das Kr ischkindel“Oh du l iewer Kindheeds krisch

dag,” and in “Haemw eh

” ’N j edes Johr mach ich derWeg , der Alte Heem et zu.

In thus p icturing the Ol d and the new Harbaugh hastouched Pennsylv ania-German life at so many points thatthose who came a fter him were a lmost under the necessityOf paying tribute to him by taking the same title and treating it differently . Solly Hol sbuck,

“Will w idder Buwel ese i Wuchter , Der Pihwie —v arying the title slightlyand giv ing us a different angle ; B runner,

“Wie mer Glaewara Bahn ,

’SH immlisch Haemweh Flick,

’S alt

Schulhaus am. Weg ,” by taking a line or a thought and

dev elop ing It a s a separate poem , or by something suggestedas additional materia l in completing an exhibit ; B runner,“Der al t Garret ” ; DeLong ,

“Die Gute alte Zeita

Daniel ,“ Zeit und Leut ann er e s ich Gerhart,

“Die a lt

Familie Uhr ”; Gruber,

’N Schoen ie a lte Hemath ”;

Hark ,“Der alde Karchhof uf

’

m Barg ”; Horn ,

“Der

alte Grabm acher Fischer, Das altM'

ar ikhaus Cra ig,“Die alt Kettebr ick.

”

70 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Henry L . Fischer , quoting Goethe’s lines Von Mutter

chen die Frohnatur, Die Lust zum Fabulieren ,” as apply

ing to himself, means to tell us that he is not only figurat iv e ly of Harbaugh

’s school , but that he is a lineal de

scendan t of the same Jost Harbaugh from whom bothHenry Harbaugh and the poetess Rachel Bahn were descended .

A couplet from George Mays

I n sellem schane De itsche Scht ickDas alte Schulhaus an der Kr ick

rev eals to us that writer’s ideal ; when Henry Meyer fora Fam ily Reunion writes

He it humme mer noch emol z’

r ick

Ans alte B lockhaus an der KrickDer Platz wu un ser Heem et w ar

Shun l éinger z’

r ick w ie sechzig Johr ,

we see not only how well he knew his Harbaugh, but alsohow closely, at least in this stanza , he has imitated him .

E . H . Rauch , contemporary o f Harbaugh and masterOf another form of dialect writing, could not forbea r attempting a metrical compos ition ,

“Die a lte Heem et ,

”

the title o f which is reminiscent of Harbaugh, and whichin ev ery one of its prosy lines reeks with Ha rbaugh

’s

thoughts and words with none o f his skill in handl ing them .

In the chapters Harv ey M iller and Charles C . Zieglerit is shown how these two writers were drawn under thespell , the former by reciting, the latter by hea ring recitedin school on a Friday a fternoon , Harbaugh

’s

“Das alt

Schulhaus an der Krick .

” Ziegler’s b eautiful lyric,Draus un Daheem ,

” from which his book takes its name ,might be called an expansion and elaboration o f the ideaof the third stanza o f Das alt Schulhaus .”

Pennsylv ania-German Dia l ec t Wr iting s. 7 1

In this way do all of the writers in the dialect—some byword o f mouth, some by the e v idence o f their works , someby both—show how they hav e come under the influence o fHenry Harbaugh , the Pennsylv ania-German Hebel . T he

Pennsylv ania-German Hebel because he stands a t the founta in head of Pennsylv an ia-Germa n dial ect l iterature asHebel does to Modern German Dialect literature

,because

he was a careful student and close follower Of Hebel .

( In an a rticle in Hours at Home ,” on Burns

,October 1 ,

1 866, this Pennsylv an ia-German dialect writer brings together the names o f the two great dialect writers o f Germany and Scotland,

“Hebel the German Burns .” KarlKnor tz, Nord . Am . Lit . , Bd. I I , s . 1 90, has found an ad

dit iona l bond bes ides that of being dialect writers : “ Erfand wie Rob ert Burns bei seinen l iindl ichen Arbeitenimmer noch Zeit und Miisse genug, seinen wahrend weniger Wintermonate Genossenen Schulunterricht durch beharr l ichen Selbstunterricht for tzupflanzen . B eim Pfliigenla s er best iindig und ging n ie aus ohne ein Buch in derT a sche zuHe deserv es to be called the Pennsylv ania-German

Hebel because he has been so recognized at home andabroad . Dr . Fick, o f C incinnati, says : Es ist gewissn icht zu v iel gesagt wenn man Harbaugh den Hebel Amerikas nennt . In Germany, in 1 875, he was hailed as“E in Pennsylv anisch deutscher Hebel by that dev otedstudent o f German dialects , Anton Bir l inger , OfBonn Un i

v ersity, in his Alemannia , Vol . II , p . 2 40.

One more point should b e briefly discussed before leaving this writer—his use of the dia lect, and o f the Englishand German languages—because in this too he is typ ical o fthe Germans o f Pennsylv ania . The language o f his boyhood home was the dialect , of his early school days Eng

72'The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty .

lish ; in youth he gav e himsel f a sev ere schooling to a cqu irea ready English ; when preparing for the ministry the

claim of German made itself felt and he again set himselfto prepa ring himsel f properly. This he did by reading,by translating and by becoming a member of a collegedebating society using the German language . The members of this society were unsparing in their criticism ofeach other and Henry Harbaugh was Often sternl y calledto order for his tendency to drift into the use of the dialect .All his life he worked among people using the dialect, allhis life he had to preach English and German ; in the

prepa ration of his works on Church history and on theological subj ects he had constantly to use German sourcesand authorities . Yet it was always an effort to preachGerman and always a relief to resort to Engl ish . Ev enin his sermons this characteristic Pennsylv ania-Germantrait cropped out once in a while his sermon was madesingularly emphatic by a little hesitation and then the introduction of a broad, crisp Anglo-Saxon word in place of theGerman one that could not be recalled .

”

He must b e included in the list o f Pennsylv ania-Germandialect orators ; he must hav e deliv ered many speechesand addresses in the dialect from his college days on , whenhe was criticized, to a famous one the year before he dieda t an alumni banquet o f Franklin and Marshall College atLancaster . Thirty-three years a fterwards Dr . Nathan C .

Schaeffer, superintendent Of public instruction of Pennsylv ania , who was present as a student on the occasion , writes“ I ts humor and deliv ery made a deeper impress ion thanthe oratory of all the eminent men at home and abroadwhom I hav e had the good fortune to hea r at banquets ,in the pulpit or from the rostrum .

” As if he had sa id toomuch, he then adds : This may be due to the fact that

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4 . EDWARD HENRY RAUCH .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

A l l ibone’s D ict ionary of Authors. Supplement. 1 89 1 .

Canton , Oh io Repository and Republican, Canton , Oh io.

Carbon County Democ rat, Mauch Chunk, Pa.College New s

,Frank l in and Marshall College , Lancaster, Pa.

Ear ly Eng lish Pronunc iat ion . Ellis,London, 1 869 .

Father A braham , Read ing , Pa ., 1 864.

Father Abraham , Lancaster, Pa ., 1 868L

Gesch ichte de r Nordame r ikan ischen Li tteratur . Karl K nor tz, Be rlin ,H istory of Carbon and Leh igh Coun t ies. Matthew s and Hungerford,London Saturday Globe , August 1 85 1 886.

Lebanon New s, Lebanon, Pa.

Nat ional Baptist.New York Deutsche Bl ae tter .Pennsylvan ia Dutch Handbook, Mauch Chunk, Pa .

,1 879 .

Ph iladelph ia Press, Ph ilade lph ia, Pa.PROCEEDINGS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY, Vol . III .Read ing T im es and D ispatch, Read ing , Pa.Rip Van Winkle, Mauch Chunk, Pa .

, 1 883 .

T he Pennsylvan ia Dutchman , Lancaster, Pa . , 1 873 .

In Col . Edward Henry Rauch were centered a

'

cease

less activ ity, a wonderful initiativ e and an untiring energythat meant more for the growth of Pennsylv ania-Germanliterature than any other indiv idual group of forces . T o

trace in deta il his mov ements in Pennsylv ania would betoo long a story , yet they must be passed in rap id rev iew,

in order tha t we may be able to understand his relationsto the people of the State . He was born in Lititz, Pa . ,

74

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia lect Wr iting s . 75

July 1 9 , 1 820, grandson o f Johann Heinrich R anch, whohad come from KOln in 1 769 .

Presently we find M r . R anch in politics , as clerk in theoffice o f the Prothonotary at Lancaster, 1 845 ; then threeyears later

,1 847, Deputy Register o f Wills ; aga in three

years later entering j ournalism,and under the leadership

of Thaddeus St ev ens editing and managing two anti-slavery Whig papers - the I ndependen t Whig and the I n landDa ily; in 1 854 on his 0e account go ing to B ethl ehemand Sta rting the Lehigh Va l l ey Tim es

,which he sold in

1 857 and purchased the Mauch‘

Chunk Gazette,to which

he added in 1 859 a German paper—the Carbon A dl er .

In 1 859 , he became transcrib ing clerk of the State Legislata re and in 1 860—1 862 , chief cl erk , although he ac

cepted this Offi ce only on condition that he should hav eleav e to go with the company he had ra ised for the war .T hree years he was a t the front, when , on being discha rgedbecause Of physical disab ility, he sta rted the F a ther A braham at Reading, Pa .

—a m ilitant campa ign Sheet in acounty of doubt ful loyalty. Next he became city editoro f the R eading E ag l e ; in 1 868 we find him once more inLancaster, a second time founding a F a ther A braham .

With Colonel McClure he was one o f the Greeley cam

paign managers in 1 872 , four years a fter he published theUnc l e Samue l in the T ilden Campa ign ; in 1 878 pol iticalconditions inv it ed him once more to M auch Chunk wherehe founded the Carbon Coun ty Dem ocra t

,and was soon

able to absorb his riv al , whereupon he settled down to theend of his days . He died September 8, 1 902 , in MauchChunk , in which place his son is still conducting the samepaper .Among m inor accomplishments M r. Rauch had the

ab ility to simulat e almost any handwriting or to reproduce

76 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

any signature. This l ed him to study the subj ect unt il hebecame an expert, and a s such, during a period of almostfi fty years

,he was called into the courts o f many states in

ca ses inv olv ing disputed handwriting.

But this milita ry and civ il tribune was withal a dialectwriter . Already in his first F a ther Abr aham there ap

peared an occasional Short selection in dialect , but thosewere times of too terrible earnestness for such work ; butlater, in 1 868, with the adv ent Of the second F a ther A br aham

,contributions in the dialect ov er the signature o f “

Pit

Schweffelbr enn er fum Schl iffe l town” became a regular

feature .Karl Knor tz has re ferred to these selections as Hu

m or istisch' sein sollende B riefe ” ; a commentary on thisreader’s capacity to appreciate humor, for fiv e years laterthe author o f the letters could Speak o f them a s followsOur fi rst regula r productions in Pennsylv ania Dutch ap

peared in the F a ther A braham campa ign paper ov er thesigna ture ,

‘Pit Schweffelbrenner .

’They contributed more

to the remarkable popularity of that paper than anythingels e it conta ined, and the circulation increased rap idly, notonly in Pennsylv ania but also in Ohio , Indiana , I llino is ,Maryland, Wisconsin and other States . A bit Of presum ably dis interested opinion is the following : Whilethes e letters were running in the F a ther A braham

,the

Philade lphia Pr ess published a translation of one Of thelett ers for the benefit o f its readers and prefaced the production by the following statement

PENNSYLVANIA DUTCH .

We give below a first c las s Spec imen of that un ique literature ,which has w ithin a few years become in ten sely popular, and whichcarries with it a quain t logic often more convinc ing than harder

Pennsylv ania-Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr itings . 77

facts wrapped in satin orn aments. Everyon e has read with del ightthe celebrated B igelow papers , which gave poin t and pungency tothoughts that the language of the forum or the parl or would havesuffered to l ie dorman t . T he shrew d observations of Naseby havenot on ly immortalized the m an , but have answered a purpose whichno other l iterature coul d have met. T housands of dogmas arepresen ted which no argumen t can ban ish, Simply because theycannot be reached by argumen t. T hey can be pushed aside by a

comparison , exploded by a j oke, vaporized by a burlesque , or thevictim ized party may be made asham ed of himself by seeing howridiculous his ne ighbon a ppears, who c arries out the doctrines heso gladly en terta in s and so bl indly bel ieves. Great good then ,

may be done by the adoption of such a literature. Why, it is hardto tell , but the fac t is true , as every one will admit.T he East has thrown its patois in to the books of Jam es Russell

Lowell , under the signature of Hosea B iglow , and no one regretstheir perusal . T he Southwestern form of speech and method ofargumen t has been incorporated in side-spl itting letters by Pet rol eum V. Naseby. T he Penn sylvan ia Dutch is a language pecul iar ly susceptible to similar use. M r. R anch, ed itor of F a therAbraham , a spirited campaign sheet, published in Lancaster , conceiv ed the idea of rounding this language , or rather this compoundof English and German languages , in to effective and popular cany assing logic . His success has been c omplete , and the letters ofPit Schweffel brenner , from Schl iffel town , hav e created a sensationif not as widespread , as in tense as those from the

“ Con federateCrossroads which is in the Stait of Ken tucky.” T he translationwe append is merely to give the substance of the original. I tconveys no idea of the peculiar and in imitable merits of the Germ an version , which consists more in the mann er of saying it than

in what is said . (From The Pen nsyl va n ia Dutchman , Vol . I , No.

1 , 1 873 , January. )

Interesting in this connection is a notice in the workEarly English Pronunc i at ion ,

” by Pro f . Alexander J .

Ellis . I f we recall that some of these early letters were

78 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

issued as a sm all pamphl et,the quotation is self-explana

tory .

“While I was engaged with the third part of my‘ Early Engl ish Pronunciation ,

’

Professor Haldeman sentme a reprint of some humorous letters by R anch, entitledPennsylv ania Deitsch : De Campa ign Br eefa fum Pit

Schweffelbr enner .

’Perceiv ing at once the analogy be

tween this debased German with English interm ixture andChaucer’s debased Anglo Saxon with Norman intermixture , I requested and obta ined such further informationas enabled me to giv e an account o f this singular modernreproduction of the manner in which our English languageitsel f was built up , and insert it in the Introduction to mychapter to Chaucer ’s p ronunciation .

In 1 873 another enterprise that R anch had had underconsideration for a number o f years saw its beginning withthe is suing in January

,1 873 , of the first number Of The

Pennsylv an ia Dutchma n—a monthly magazine . Thisfi rs t number conta ined the publisher’s announcemen t inparallel columns o f English and Pennsylv ania German

( this will b e included in entirety elsewhere with the contents of a ll the known numbers o f the magazine and specimens o f the articles mentioned ) familiar sayings in simila r parallel column s ; a poem by T ob ias Witrn er togetherwith a translation into English by Pro fessor Haldeman ,Of the Univ ersity o f Pennsylv ania ; a poem by Ran ch himsel f, ev idently in the manner o f Harbaugh and entitled“Unser Alte Heem et

”; a Pennsylv ania-German letter ;

the fi rst o f Ran ch’s Shakesp eare translations ; a number ofpages of English short stories and poems , followed by thefirst installment of the author’s Pennsylv ania-German Dict ion ary with this interesting note :

“We are confident thatbefore the first o f January

,1 874 , ev ery reader of the

Pennsylv an ia Dutchm an by simply studying this part o f

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 79

the publica tion together w ith the pages o f familiar sayingswill be able to reap substantia l benefi ts and use the language for practical business purposes .”

That the language was necessary for business purposeswill seem ev ident by the parallel column adv ertisementsin which lawyers and merchants assure their readers thatthey speak De itsch so goot dos Engl ish .

”

Apropos Of the us e o f dialect fo r business purposes , itm ight be remarked tha t as recently a s 1 905 a candidatefor judge in a county in which his party was in ov erwhelming maj ority wa s defeated b ecaus e, though he had beenlong a resident Of the county, he had not thought it worthwhile to lea rn the dial ect . Lest this cause any surprise,I call attention to the remarkable parallelism between theargument used by the organ Of the party that opposed himand the statement made by Jos . Grimmer in the Str ass

burg er Post of September 1 9 , 1 905, the v ery same year .The paper sa id : “

T he question whether the j udicial candidate can or cannot sp eak Pennsylv ania German is a Vitalis sue in this. campaign , and it in no way reflects upon theintelligence of any public man to b e able to do businessin a language tha t has been spoken from the earliest history Of the county . On the o ther hand it is importantthat the man who s its upon the B ench to adm inister justicewith an ev en hand shall b e conv ersant with the dialect o f alarge maj ority of the people and which does. not alwaysadmit o f a strict interp retation . What Grimmer sa idin his articl e I can only report at second hand , but the Ze itschr ift tiir D eutsche Mundar ten

,1 9 1 0, I , 52 ff. , says

“Die Mundart in ihrer Stel lnng zum Offen t l ichen Leben

erOrt er t c in e Auslassung v on Grimmer der die Notwen

digkeit dass der R ichter die Mundart der Gegend in derer seines Amtes waltet wo nicht beherrsche so doch v er

S'tehe , an gut gew iihl ten B eisp ielen er l an ter t .

”

80 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

In this connection it may not be out o f place to cit efrom a newspaper Of 1 907.

“Three different kinds of

German were spoken recently in court at Harrisburg . A

witness spoke High German , Judge Thomas Capp spokethe Pennsylv ania Dutch of Lebanon County, and SenatorJohn E . Fox

,the defendant ’ s counsel , spoke the Pennsyl

v ania Dutch of Dauphin County.

” I hav e myself hea rda lawyer rev iew in the dialect b efore the j ury, testimonythat had been giv en in the dialect, at such length that thej udge stopped him to inqu ire whether he purposed to giv ehis entire plea in the dialect . Curiously enough

, the

lawyer in question was a nativ e o f Cornwall,England,

but he at least appreciated what R anch implied, that aknowledge o f the dialect was a business necessity.

But to return to the Pennsylv ania-Dutch magazine .A fter the Dictionary there followed strangely enough inthe first number of the magazine Answers to Correspondents,

” and then a page o f editorials . “ Here is richness for you is the way a M t . Joy paper expressed itsel fov er this new magazine . T he R eform ed Church Mes

seng er , a lthough obj ecting to the name Dutchman , foundthe enterprise a commendable one and “

hoped it wouldprov e a success .” The Canton , Ohio , R epository said :M r . R anch is best known to our readers under the titleo f Pit Schweffel br enner ; he has done more to popularizethis amusing dialect than any man in America , while thefollowing is from the New York Deutsche Bla tter : InLancaster erscheint j etzt e in nen es Magazin—Der Pennsylv an ia Dutchman—es ist T eils Englisch und T eils indem e igen tiim l ichen Pennsylv ania Deutsche Dialect geschrieben und fiihr t n icht bloss die Sprache sondern dieSitten v or , welche sich unter den deutschen Ansiedlern imInnern des Staats erhalten haben . Die Zeitschrift wird

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82 T he Pennsylv ania-German Socie ty.

schwetzende Leit un aw for die feela daussende fun Pennsylv ania boov a un ma id os in de Eng l isha shool a gane undoch sheer n ix schwetza derham e un in der nochberschaftos Pennsylv ania Deitsh.

”

The first pa rt o f the book consists o f his English-Pennsylv ania German and Pennsylv ania German-English Dict ionary, then follow sev eral general chapters on the useo f words and practical exercises , reminding one o f thefi rst a ids to those landing on foreign shores, handed outby trans-Atlantic steamship companies

,together with

Special chapters entitled : Bisn ess G’schwetz .

”The first

o f these conv ersations is Der Boochsh‘

tore”—a talk be

tween the Booch hondl er and a customer, in which we learnhow fast Rauch’s Handbook is selling . Clothing store,drugstore , doctor, drygoods , furniture store, hotel andlawyer are the subj ects o f the succeeding conv ersations .A brief history o f the dialect literature up to that timefollows, with illustrativ e examples , including the author

’sown Shakespeare translations , a translation of Luke XV,

OfMatthew, VII , 1 3—20, and o f The Lord

’s Prayer . Achapter illustrating Pro fessor Witmer’s ideas on spell ingreform and a few recent Pit Schweffelbrenner letters conclude the v olume .Ranch re ferred slightingly, p . 209 , to C01 . Zimmer

man’s Pennsylv ania-German work, and Zimmerman in histurn published a merciless rev iew of his critic’s book in theReading Tim es a nd D ispa tch; Rauch

’s controv ersy withthose who did not spell as he did was perennial , and Zimmerman continued to p ile up ev idence Of Ran ch contradicting Ran ch in spelling, until all ea stern Pennsylv aniawas conv ulsed . Ranch strov e in l etters to all the papersthat reprinted Zimmerman ’s rev iew to defend himsel f,and as Zimmerman was content with his fi rst a rticl e, the

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings. 83

controv ersy went no farther. Ran ch’s contention was ,that inasmuch as English was the language that Pennsylv ania Germans studied in the schools , and that inasmuch as they and not p eople tra ined in German were ex

pected to read Pennsylv ania German , it ought to b e spelleda ccording to the rules of English orthography . Profes

sor Haldeman once wrote him , saying that in order toread what R anch wrote , a German had first to learn to readEnglish

,to which Rauch -

° replied,“v ery true ”

; tha t thatwas what Pennsylv ania Germans did in the schools , wherea s if they wanted to read what some others wrote , thenPennsylv an ia Germans would fi rst hav e to lea rn H ighGerman .

Since many disagreed with Ran ch, not only on this pointbut also on the propriety of calling the dialect Pennsylv ania Dutch , h e proposed at one time that those whosp elled a fter the German fashion should be styled Pennsylv ania German and those who used the English or thog

r aphy should follow him and call themselv es Pennsylv ania Dutch . This initial controv ersy a s to how the

dialect should b e spelled inv olv ed constantly w ideningcircles among the Pennsylv ania Germans, nor was it confined wholly to them ; Karl Knor tz, a German , has madehis contribution , a s well a s a writer in the London Sa tur

day Globe . The latter, whil e conceding that Ran ch wasa v ery popula r writer and the author Of a Dictionary, disapprov es nev ertheless Of his

“Phonography,

” which hecharacterizes a s a v ery inaccurate and misleading methodof spelling one language according to the standard of another .The la st word in the controv ersy, at least from the scien

tific point o f View , will be the publication of the Dictionaryby Pro fessors Lea rned and Fogel , who a re using a good

84 T he Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Society.

phonetic alphabet, but among the folk the strife will doubtless continue, until the la st writer in the dialect has utteredhis last word, spelled a s he and a kind Prov idence will s .Ran ch ’s apparent coldness to Zimmerman in this book

seems strange in v iew Of his tone towards him two yearsb efore . The former passage I include here as a specimenof the dialect when it essays l iterary criticism

SCHLI F FELTOWN, Jonuaw r I , 1 877M ister Drooker : I ch w insh deer un all d in e freind en rale olt

fashioned n e ies Yohr . De Wuch hut m ei ol ter freind Zimmerm an , der Ed itor fum Read inger T imes un D ispatch en copy funseiner T seit ing m it a Penn sylvan ia De itsh sht ickly drin g

’

schickt .

Es is ’

n I vv ersetzung fun a Engl ish sht ickly nn ich muss sawgaos der M r. Zimmerman es ardl ich ferdeihenkert goot gadu hut .Des explained now olles wo 011 de fiel a sorta shpeel sauch un tsuckersauch her cooma. Now whil der Z so bully goot is om sht icker

shreiw a set er sich aw draw macha for ’

n New Yohr ’

s l eedly.

Another form of activ ity in which this busy man en

gaged is indicated by the following notices culled fromthe columns o f ‘

The Pennsylv an ia Dutchm an“The edi

tor Of the Dutchman will deliv er a lecture under theausp ices o f the M illerstown (Lehigh County ) Lecture A Ssociation , on Saturday ev ening, Ma rch 1 5, 1 873 , in the

Pennsylv ania Dutch language on the subj ect Of‘ Alte un

Ne ie Zeite .

’ He w il l also read R ev . Dr . Harbaugh’s

Das Alt Schulhaus an der Krick and sev eral other popular productions , including De alt Heem et

’ and ‘De

Pennsylv an ia ( Incidentally it may be ment ion ed that this M illerstown is the same as the town wheresome of Elsie Singm aster

’s stories—published in the Cen

tury magazine, —are localized ; the town is now Macungie,though still locally known as M illerstown . ) T his lecturehe frequently repeated before other audiences , and notably

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings . 85

before the Pennsylv ania-German Society (which he wantednamed Pennsylv ania-Dut ch Society ) a t one Of its earliermeetings . The discourse is in part reprinted in one o f

the early v olumes o f the PROCEEDINGS o f that organization .

Finally, in 1 883 , R anch published a Pennsylv aniaDutch Rip Van Winkle ; a romantic drama in two acts,transla ted from the original with v ariations . In the ap

pendix to this essay I g iv é the characters‘

Of the play, thecostumery as prescribed by the author and an outline o fthe skit Horne writes o f it in Matthews and Hungerford ’s History of Carbon and Lehigh Counties ” :

Ran ch’s Dutch R ip Van Winkle is a v ery happy transl ation and dramatization of I rv ing’ s story , the scene beingchanged from the Catskill to the B lue Mounta ins to giv eit a locale in keep ing w ith the language in which it is rendered .

” I wil l add tha t in one remarkabl e instance ourauthor has forgotten himsel f . In Scene I II of the Second Act

,when R ip returns to the town of his nativ ity, a

town no more but a populous settlement, George I II nolonger swinging on the tav ern Sign , but George Washington instead , he also sees the harbor fi lled w ith ships ! Butperhaps he meant the harbor o f Mauch Chunk on the

Lehigh R iv er !T he dram ol et is well adapted to local townhal l s where

it was intended to b e and was performed. It is bo isterousand tumultuous , but we do not expect anything altogetherrefined in the home o f the old sot Rip, nor in a play which,as far as the First Act is concerned

,m ight well b e con

strued a s a horrible example to illustrate a temperancelecture .

The language o f the romantic parts , of R ip’s deal ing

with the sp irits o f the mounta ins, is interesting as an illus

86‘

The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

trat ion Ofwhat form the dialect takes on , in the hands ofa man who nev er hesitates for a word ; if he finds it notin the dialect v ocabulary, he reaches ov er and fetches oneout o f the English ; indeed, Ran ch worked on this principl e all his life , and it must not be denied that this is theway a large number Of Pennsylv ania Germans are doingall the time .

One more word about his influence : Kuhns calls himthe Nestor o f al l those who hav e tried their hand at compos ition in the dialect, and of his influence on subsequentwriters there can b e no doubt . Sometimes the acknow l

edgm en t comes incidentally, a s when a writer in the Spir itofBerks, speaking OfZ immerman

’s poetry, says Er kannem Pit Schweffelbrenn er die Auge zu schreiwe ,

” butquickly adds : Wanns awer ans Breefa schreiwe geht dannis der Schweffel brenne r als noch der Bully Kerl .” Sometimes the acknowledgment comes indirectly as when somebody signs himsel f “ Em Pit Schweffe l brenner sei Cousinand sometimes it comes frankly and freely as in the case OfHarter (Boon astiel ) in a priv ate l etter I receiv ed fromhim .

PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN, VOL. I , No. I , JANUARY, 1 873 ,

PAGE 1

Prospec tus

Der Pennsylvan ia Dutchman is net yuscht in tend for l aecher l ichun popular l ehsa shtufi for Olly de un ser Pennsylvan isch Deitschde mixture fun Deitsch un Engl ish—ferstehn , awer aw for usefully un profi tl ichy in struc t ion for Olly de druf ous sin bekann t tsuw aer ra m it der Sproch , un aw m it em geisht , charac ter un bondlungs fun unserm fleisicha , ehr l icha un tsahl reicha folk in al l de

Middl e un Westl iche Shtaate.

Pennsylv ania-German Dia lect Wr itings . 87

Der title, Pennsylvan ia Dutchman , hen mer select noch dem dasmer feel dr ivv er considered hen , un net ohna a w enn ich tzw eifel

derwaega , weil m er w issa dass a dehl Deitsha leit ui der mistakenn otion sin das an

“ Dutchman g’

hehsa waer ra waer d isrespectfulawer sel l is an mistake. Un weil un ser Pennsylvan isch Deitschsproch ivveral l bekonn t is alls Pennsylvan ia Dutch wun

’s shunwohr is das es Deitsh is, un net Dutch Odder Hol l endish—aweran g

’

m ix fun Deitsh un Engl ish, Sin mer g’

sat isfied dos mer netbesser du kenna dos fore ’

s public tsu gae unner’em plaina title

wo mer select hen . Un wann mer con sidera was waerkl ich deral lgem eina character fun de Pennsylvan ia Deitsha is, donn feelam er dos mer spec ial ly gooty reason hen Shtol tz tsu sei dos merselwer tsu dem same folk g

’

hebra , un das mer m it recht de hoffnung hen ehra getreier d ien er tsu sei in unser ncic editorial aerw etde fore uns is.

Es is unser obsicht freind tsu treata m it a liberal supply funn eia articl es, shtor ies, breefa , poetry, etc. in dere pure Pennsylvan iaDeitsh sproch g

’

schr iv va unner der Aengl ish rule for shpella, sodos aw Olly leit es l ehsa kenna. Mer hen aw im sin ivv ersetzung

tsu gev v a fun kortzy sht icker , uh mer hen aw“

an Pennsylvan iaD e itsh Dictionary aw g

’fonga wo mer expecta tsu drucke in buch

form . Awer um die yetziche publica tion recht in teresting tsu

mache hen m er conclude aw tsu fonga , un in yeder nummer andehl fum Dictionary tsu publ isha . Awer es is yusht an awfong.

Mer assn ra aw al l unser fre ind dos gor n ix ersheina $011 in dem

publ ication dos net en tirely frei is fun indecency, odder im ger

ingshta unmoraw l ish sei konn .

Ea copy, ea yohr

5 copiesT sea

Ehntzel ly cop ies 20 c , nu sin tsu ferkawfa bei Olly New s Dealers .E . H . Ranch, Lancaster, Pa.

88

Page 2 .

A Bright S tar Quenched .Under this caption the Phila.

Press of Nov. 30 con tained ahighly appropriate

.

an d ablyw ritten editorial , evidently fromthe pen of Col . Forney on the

death of Horace Greeley fromwhich we extract.On e of the rarest characters

in history is sudden ly droppedfrom the ranks of men .

(Etc. almost to

T he Pennsylv ania-German Society.

F am il iar Sayings.

I wish you a Happy NewYear .

What business are you dr iving now ?

T he Assembly will meet in a

few days.A good m an is kinder to hisen emy than a bad m an to his

friend .

Carpets are bought by the

yard and worn out by the feet.

A m an suffering from influ

enza was asked by a lady whathe used for his cold . Heanswered Five handkerchiefsevery day.

I ch w insh der an glick-sehl ich Neies Yohr .

Waes for bisn ess t reibsht

ol la weil ?De Sem ly kumm t tsomm a in

a paar dog.An guter mon is besser tsu

seim feind das s an schlechterm on tsu seim freind.

Carpets kawft mer by deryard un w eard se ous m it emfuss.An mon daer der schnuppa

g’hot but is g’

froked warre bya lady wass er braucht fer sei

kalt. Se i on twar t w ar“F inf

shnupdicher Olly dog.”

Etc. , to middle of page 4.

An Heller Shtarn Ousgonga.

Unner dem head ing finna merin der Phila. Press fum 3oth

Nov . an ivv erous schicklich un

goot g’

shr ivva editorial—wohrshein l ich fum Col . Forn eysein er fedder fun w eaga

’m

Horace Greeley seim doht , funw el l am mer a pa r l ines cOpya :

Ebn s fun de rahrste characters in un ser g

’

schicht is ui

am ohl gedropt fun m ensha

ranks.

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90 T he Pennsylvan ia-German Socie ty.

Page 2 1 .

Kris Krinkle. Der Easel ( in d ialec t ) .Page 2 2 .

M iscellaneous Reading. Meade at Gettysburg, a Penn sylvan iasold ier to his son . A German story.Page 2 3 .

T he slanderous tongue. From the Chr istia n Adv oca te .

Letter of recommendation .

Page 2 4.

T haddeus Stevens Monumen t . Cured of Romance. Asingular in ciden t.Page 2 5.

T he House and Farm .

Page 2 6.

Dutch Governors. Wit and Humor.Page 2 9 .

Engl ish and Pennsylvan ia Dutch Dic tionary. We are confiden tthat before the first of January, 1 874, ev ery reader of the Pennsyl van ia Dutchman by simply studying this part of the publ ication ,together with the pages of Familiar Savings will be able to reapsubstan tial benefits, and use the language for practical busin esspurposes .Page 30.

An swers to Corresponden ts .T he popular Pit Schw effelbrenner letters in the Pen nsyl van ia

Dutchm an written by the editor of the Dutchman wil l con t inueto appea r as heretofore in the F a ther Abraham n ew spaper forwhich, under existing cond it ions they are expressly written .

Page 3 1 .

Editorial s . T he purpose of the publica tion . On the spellingHal deman to Pit . I n order to read your Dutch a German mustfirst learn to read Engl ish ,

” “ very true.” Review of book and

art icle by S . S . Haldeman . Our first regular production in

Penn sylvan ia Dutch appeared in the Father Abraham campaignpaper in 1 868 over the s ign ature Pit Schweffelbrenner . T heycon tributed more to the remarkabl e popularity of that paper than

Pennsylv ania -German D ia l ect Wr itings . 9 1

anything else it contained and the circulation increased veryrapidly not on ly in Pennsylvan ia, but also in Ohio , Indiana,Ill inois , Maryland , Wiscon sin and other states. Our presen ten terpr ise has been under con sideration for ov er two years andfrom al l we can learn and from words of encouragemen t by a

number of highly esteemed friends in cluding gen tl emen of learning and position in the commun ity we cannot and do not doubt

our en tire succ ess. I t is the on ly publication of this kind , butthat it w ill be the last one w e do not believe. ”

Page 32 .

Where spoken . Prof. Haldeman on Bel l sn ickl e. From Philadelphia Press.

Adv ertisements.In side first page. S inger Sewing Machin es. Jos. Barton ’s Old

Southern Hat and Cap S tore.In side last page. Bookbinding. Wylie and Griest. Confec

tions.

John Seltzer Eng . Attorn ey at LawPenn syl van ia Deitsh Lawyer

De itsh so goot dos English.

PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN, VOL. I , No. 2 .

Famil iar Sayings.Extract from a poem by T obias Witmer. T ranslated by S .

S . Haldeman .

We feel lenger ? Ebn s fun de grossy froga dos bol amobl’

a

Am er ikan isha folk on twarta muss is we feel lenger de ringsfun deeb corruption ists un adven turers in politics erl awb

n iss hawa solla de g reashty respon s ible oflices im lond tsufi l l a .

De Penn sylvan ia Mil l itz. E . H . Ranch.

Ui Un ser S ide. T ran slation of article from Jan uary numberof Educator by A. R . Horn e .

Was is Mill ich ?Key to sounds of the vowels in Penn sylvan ia German by

9 2“

The Pennsylv an ia-German Society.

T obias Witm er. (He refers to Haldeman’s system as a

complete one. )Love Letter an me i Ann i—Peter Steineel .Letter from Jonny Bl itzfonger .

En sht ickly Hoch Deitsh. (Ode on das Schwein . )v a nous gonga. (How slow trains go. )Der Proc ess.Un ser Kl ehny Jokes.Selec t Reading.Original Articl es—Lititz.

T obias Witmer, 474 Main S treet , Buffalo , N . Y . , in praiseof the undertaking. He follows the German method ofpronunciation .

Lexicon .

Answers to Corresponden ts.Ed itorials. Col l eg e Days of February, 1 873 , con tain s an edi

tot ial by W. U. Hen sel on Pennsylvan ia Dutch and an

extract from Professor Schaeffer’s speech at the LehighCoun ty Institute. R eform ed Chur ch Messeng er : T he

en terprise of Ranch is a commendable one and it wil l affordus pleasure to find it proving a success ,

” etc. T hey objectto the '

name. R anch defends it . Haldeman approves hisnaming.

Ourselves. Here is richness for you , Mt . J oy Hera ld.

“ Unser Olty Hehm et” reminds one very much of Dr.

Harbaugh’

s S alt Schulhaus an der Krick.” E. H .

R anch is best known to our readers under the titl e of PitSchw effe l brenner . He has don e more to popularize thisamusing d ialect than any other m an in America .” (Can

ton , Ohio R epository and R epubl ican . )“ Judging from

its first number it Should commend itsel f to all who arefond Of those staid and sober people who form a largeportion of the population of our in terior counties.”

(Nationa l Baptist . ) Note the usefuln ess to those learning the language. I n Lancaster erschein t j etzt ein nenes

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings. 93

Magazin—Der Pen nsylvan ia Dutchman—es ist teils English teil s in dem eigen thiim l ichen Penn sylvan ia Deutsched ial ect geschrieben und fuehrt uns n icht bl os die Sprachesondern die S itten vor, welche sich un ter den deutschenAnsiedl ern im Innern des S taats erhalten haben . DieZeitschrift wird ohn e Zweifel sowohl hier al s in Europadas In teresse der Phil ologen erregen .

”(New York

Deutsche Bl aetter . )

PENNSYLVANIA DUTCHMAN, VOL. I , NO. 3 .

Familiar Sayings. English and T ran slation .

Meaha m it der De itsha Sen se by E l i Keller. Criticism .

Letter in praise of the Magazin e and in the letter a poem on

De Deutsche Baura un de Morr ick Leit.”

For der S imple Weg . ( Spelling )Un ser K l ehner Omn ibus.Der Shnae.

—T ob ias Witmer.An T emperan ce Lecture.De Beera Wella Net Folla.Parable of the Prodigal Son . M iss L. A. Ash, Myerstown ,

Pa.Der H immel Uft Eerda . T obias Witmer.Open Letter to Ed itor on Dialects. I . D . Rupp .

Penn sylvan ia German . A. R. Horn e .Seeking On e ’s Vocation . (A story. )Scandal in Congress .Soc iety and Scandal .Local Option .

Popular Proverbs.S ign s and Omens.Wit and Humor.Origin of a Fashion .

B ill ing’s Advice to Joe .Use Your Life Well .Curious Epitaphs .

94 T he Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

2 4. A Quain t Essay on Dogs.25. Our T able Drawer.

R IP VAN WINKLE .

A ct I , 1 763 .

Rip van Winkle

Derr ick von Sl ausHermann v on Sl aus

Nicholas VedderClausenRory v an ClumpGustaffe

Dame v an Winkl e

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Spirits of the Blue Moun tains

A c t I I , after a lapse of 20 years, supposed to occur betweenFirst and Second Acts.

R ip v an Winkle—T he Dream erHermann v an Sl aus

Seth S loughKn ickerbockerT he JudgeGustaffe

Rip v an Winkle, Jr.First VillagerSecon d VillagerAl ice Kn ickerbockerLorena

Costum es.

R ip A deerskin coat and belt, full brown breeches , deerskin gaiters, cap . ( 2 ) Same , but much worn and ragged .

A DutchmanA SchoolmasterT he SquireHis SonFriend to RipFriend to RipA LandlordA Young Man

Rip’s W i feRip’s S isterRip ’s Daughter

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings. 95

Kn ickerbocker 1 ) B rown square cut coat, v est and breeches,shoes and buckles. ( 2 ) B lack coat , breeches , hose, e tc.

Derrick—Square cut coat, full breeches, black silk hose, shoes,buckl es, powder.

Hermann 1 ) Ibid . ( 2 ) Black frock coat,tight pan ts , boots

and tassels.VedderClausen Dark square-cut coats , vests, breeches , etc.RoryGustaffe—B lue jacket , white pan ts, shoes.Seth Slough—Gray coat, striped vest , large gray pan ts.Judge—Full suit of black.Young R ip—A dress sim ilar to Rip ’s first dress.Dame—Short gown and qu ilted pet ticoa t, cap.

Alice Bodice with hal f skirt , figured petticoat. ( 2 ) B rownsatin bod ice and skirt, etc.

Lorena—A ct I . Child . Act I I . White muslin dress, blackribbon belt, etc.

L.R . SEL. SER. UEL. URR . C. L.C. R .C.

T EL. T ER . CD . DR. D .L. UDL. U .D .R.

Reader on stage facing aud ience .

Vil lag e I nn .

A ct . I . Scen e I . Chorus.

Vedder, Kn ickerbocker and Rory talk with the landlord .

Where is R ip? Kn ickerbocker determined to wed Rip ’s sister.Mrs. R ip eviden tly Opposed . Kn ickerbocker knows.Alice and Lorena come. Music. T hey have delayed because

Alice wan ted to see Kn ickerbocker. Kn ickerbocker turn s up

would cal l. Lorena volun teers a way in which he can see Al ice.Kn ickerbocker says he cares no longer for Dame v an Winkle. Atthat momen t she is ca lling Al ic e from outside. T hey leavehast ily. Rory and Vedder commen t on the old woman . Whereis R ip? R ip appears from a hun ting trip . Has sworn off. Ispersuaded to take on e.

”T alk turn s to Rip ’s inability to manage

96 T he Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

his wife . Rip refuses to take a drink to keep his oath. Havingshown he can con trol himself he takes on e ! R ip sings a song.M rs. R ip is heard outside . R ip gets under tabl e with a bottl e.Music . M rs. R ip en ters with a stick—c hases them . Upsets tableand d iscovers Rip. She gets him by the ear and would know whathe has been doing . Hares—ducks—the bul l—s he leads him homeby the ear and beats him .

Scen e I I . A Pl ain Chamber in First Grooves.

Derrick complain s about his spendthri ft lawyer son . T he son

is heard outs ide. He has a plan . Rip’s Sister made a will infavor of Al ice . He proposes to get a paper too from Rip to wedAl ice when she is of age to marry him and then get the money inadvance. Rip ’s ren t is due and they dec ide to try it . Son saysof course a lawyer must not have too much conscience .

Scene I I I . R ip5 Cottage.

Kn ickerbocker en ters and Alice comes sol iloquizing how she

loves him ; he catches her in his arms. M rs. Rip is heard outside .Kn ickerbocker is concealed in clothes hamper. Music. Mrs. Ripand Rip come ; she would know where is the game, the moneyfor the ren t , then she turn s on Al ice , who she says has don enothing. Rip begs for a drink. Al ice and M rs. Rip withdraw,

then Rip proceeds to cupboard . Music .—R ip steps on Kn icker

bocker, who yells ; Rip falls, upsetting d ishes. Kn ickerbockerrushes out in to a chair. Alice throws cloak over him . Mrs. R ipen ters. T he Devil has been in the cupboard . She raves , fall sin to a hal f fain t in a chair. Asks Al ice to get bottle from her

pocket. R ip and M rs . R ip drink. Al ice tr ies to get Kn ickerbocker off, but he retreats again . Al ice announces Squ ire’s coming . R ip would to bed but is compelled to meet the Squire whileM rs

.Rip goes call in g. A lice is excused . R ip tells how hon est a

m an he is. Squire woul d tal k of other things. T hey make thecon tract , but R ip may withdraw in twenty years and one day.S til l du Hex .

”R ip is to l ive free of ren t. A bottle is always

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98 The Pennsylv ania-German Society.

tree. Not sure whether he is asleep or awake. Old woman willtell. Music . He starts.

Scene I I .

Well furn ished apartmen t in the house of Kn ickerbocker.Lorena soliloquizes on her sad lot. Must give up al l if she doesnot wed a man she does not l ike. Kn ickerbocker and Alice enter.Are surprised to find Loren a. Note her trouble. Lorena is en

couraged to hope. She would marry Gustaffe only. H is ship iscoming and he w ill come. Sophia en ters , announc ing the lawyer.Kn ickerbocker is going to take care of him . T hey withdraw.

Lawyer in s ists on carrying out the terms. Kn ickerbocker says thatRip was not capable, as he knows. T hey get r id of him ,

buttrouble is feared . Al ice and Kn ickerbocker see a fine young m an

come. Gustaffe rushes in .

Scen e I I I .

T own of Rip ’s nativity , in stead of village , a populous settlement . No longer George II I but George Washington . Harborfilled with ships. Seth Slough. T emperance elect ion is over .Hello , who is this old fellow ? Music . Villagers en ter laughing.

Where is he ? Can they talk German ? Who is your barber ? Isadvised to go home . Rip is dead twen ty years. I ’m sorry ,Rip.

” Seth g ives him a drink. Rip ’s w ife is dead . Are you aDemocrat or Republican ? T ory ! Music . T hey hurry him off.

Gustaffe arrives. Cowards. What’s your name ? Rip v an

Winkle . Have you a daughter Lorena ? DO you remember apaper ? Come with me .

Scen e I V.

Kn ickerbocker’s House. Kn ickerbocker elected to Assembly.

En ter Herman ( lawyer ) ; wan ts to have the matter settled.Gustaffe en ters . Hurra for Kn ickerbocker.

Last Scen e.

Court House. Judges seated . Kn ickerbocker asked to bringAl ice. Paper is read . Who can testify ? Herman says Kn icker

Pennsylv ania-German D ia lec t Wr itings. 99

bocker knows and will say so, if honest. How w as the con tractdrawn ? Herman explains. Lorena refuses him . Judge sayscon trac t must be carr ied out . Kn ickerbocker appeals. Gustaffe

en ters . R ip v an Winkle ! I f this is Rip , Herman wan ts to knowwhere he has been . Last n ight I wen t —Judge would j a ilhim . Nobody seem s to recogn ize him . D id you forget how tosave your life ? Herman demanded j ustice. Judge says if he isRip he ought to have a paper. He fumbles—finds it . Judgedec ides it is al l r ight. Al l shout and shake hands.

Herman—Ons g’

shpeeld, ufgused, obgaw ickeld !

Gustaffe—Mach plotz, ’

s kin t will nochamol sei dawdy sana.Gus and Lorena, Alice and Kn ickerbocker. Who is this ? Ei,

bruder !

5. LUDWIG AUGUST WOLLENWEBER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Der Deutsche P ion ier, C inc innat i, Vol . I, p. 87 ; Vol . V, p. 66.

D ia l ekt D ichtung . He rmann Fick .Gemalde aus dem Pennsyl v an ischen Volksleben . Wol l enw ebe r , Phi l ade l

ph ia und Le ipzig , 1 869

Gesch ichte der Schwabischen D ialekt D ichtung . A ugust Holder , He ilbronn , 1 896.

Nat ional Cyc loped ia of Amer ican B iography, T he .

Pennsylvan ia Dutch . Phoebe G ibbons, Ph ilade lph ia, Pa.Pennsylvan ia Germ an

,Vo l . I II, 4, 1 92 .

Pub l ications of the Deutsche P ion ier Ve re in , Ph iladelph ia.Records of the Berks County H istor ical Soc iety.

Few of the later immigrants from Germany hav e beenable to conform their language ev en approxima tely tothe compound dialect which formed itself as the speechof the descendants Of the pre-Rev olutionary Germansettlers o f Pennsylv ania , who , according to the fiat o f thePennsylv ania-German Society , were the t rue Pennsylv an iaGermans ; to state the truth, fewer yet of those who cameov er later wished ev en to be classed with or cared to cla imto be Pennsylv ania Germans . Gen . Lou is Wagner andcerta in others

,a fterwards prominent in the work of Ger

man-American Societies , did a t one time hope to hav e thePennsylv ania-German Society established on a broaderbasis , but subsequently accepted gracefully the ruling o f theSociety’s founders .

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1 02 T he Pennsylv a n ia-Germ a n Socie ty.

this book has already been told ( s ee p . 3 2 , Introduction ) ,also a Pennsylv ania-German op inion of the same ( see p .

2 4 , Introduction ) .

Daraus kann m an das deutsch Pennsyl v an ische Leben schonkennen lernen , denn der inzwischen verstorben e Verfasser behbr tedem Stamme selber an und konn te sich daher m it grosser Berechtigung der Aufgabe un terziehen , l ebensgetreue Schilderungen ausallen Phasen des Volkslebens zu en twerfen ,

” says Karl Knortz.

Das Buchl ein en théi l t derbe Heiratsan tréige , Gespr'

alche aus demF arm er l eben , Sagen , Geistergeschichten , Klagen iiber d ie Allmachtder demoral is ierenden Mode , verze ihl iche Sehnsuchtsbl icke nachder guten alten Zeit , wo die Buwe noch ke ine ‘ teite Hosen und‘ S tandups ’

un d ie Mad keine bauschigen ‘

Hupps’

batten und

gehle Brustspel ls an steckten .

”

T hat Wo l l enweber succeeded in passing for a Pennsylv ania German was no doubt due to his poem

I ch bin e Pennsyl v an ierD ruff bin ich stolz und froh.

Das Land is schb , d ie Len t sin nettBe i T schinks : ich mach schier en ’ge Wett ,’

S biets ke Land der Wel t.

His long and intimate association with the people o fthe state did indeed enable him to giv e a true account o ftheir l ife , but why Knor tz should find Wo l l enweber

’

s

Seh-nsii chtsbl icke nach den guten alten Zeiten ”v erzeih

lich, while damning the same when coming from a realPennsylv ania German ( see Fischer ) , rema ins unexpla ined .

Dr . H . H . Fick—Die Deutsch Amerikan ische DialektDichtung ( following Deutsch Amerikanische Dichtung )—thus records his op inion of the chief merit o f this c ifrigen Beschiitzer und Lobredner des DeutschPennsylv ania .

”

KOnnen seine Schriftstellerischen Arbeiten sich auch n icht

Pennsylv a nia-Germa n D ia l ec t Wr iting s. 1 03

m it denen Ha rbaugh’s messen , so zengen sie doch v on

einem redlichen Streben im Volke B iede rkeit und Gesittungwachzuerhal ten . Fast seine siimm t l ichen schr iftstel l er i

schen Arbeiten lassen diese T endenz durch'blicken und inseinem humanisierenden E influsse haben wir an ch dasHauptv erdienst des ausgezeichneten Man-nos zn suchen .

”

As to his language , it resembles that which many an

other High-German-sp eaking nativ e o f Germany constructed in trying to speak the dia lect , and , as is usual insuch cases , it is full o f reminiscences o f H igh German andremains on the whole remote from the actual language ofthe people . Many nat iv es o f England and Ireland thatI hav e known , unembarrassed as they were by a knowledge ofH igh German , hav e not only acqu ired the dialect,but hav e reached a comparativ e degree o f naturalness andease in its use, which seems denied to the imported HighGerman . I t is true that in those days ( 1 869 ) Germannewspapers were more common than now , German preaching more genera l, circumstances which affected the v ocabula ry atav istically, as it were . The same differentiationmay be observ ed at the present day ; the grandmothers ofthe children now growing up reta ined in their v ocabularymany words that to the young folks seem to smack o f theH igh German and in place o f which they now use an English word . In all such cases the v ocabulary in its inflections bears the characteristic marks o f the dialect and noto f H igh German . A constantly recurring uncerta inty inWol l enweber

’

s inflections is clear enough proof o f thestruggle w ithin . Now he says I ch bin g e komme ,

” andnow as in the dialect I ch bin kumm e ,

” at t imes he usesEngl ish words and forgets that the dialect treats an English v erb as though it were German ; accordingly, in incautious moments he says satisfiet

”; at another time he

1 04 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Soc ie ty.

remembers and amends it into g’satisfied, or ev en v en

tures to the extreme of ge-satisfi ed.

”

Farms and Farmhaus , words I hav e frequently heardin Germany and seen in H igh-German newspapers , heuses about as frequently as Ban er e i and Bauerehaus, whichare the only words I hav e ev er heard in Pennsylv ania . Hesays “

SchOn Obst ” and “SchO Obs-t within a hal f a

dozen lines of each other ; similarly w ir alternates withm ir and m er ; the infinitiv e ending with n and without n ;ha t and ho t; sometimes he writes habe, then hawe , hen t,haben and hen

,as plura l forms of the auxiliary v erb . He

uses erzdhl e more frequently than v erza'

hl e . Von interchanges with v um

, fum .

In g ewesen he drops the n as in the strong part iciples ,instead o f treating it as weak, g ewes t. These are a fewexamples that could be increased ad lib itum

,of his striv ing

to write the dialect a s spoken , and his inability to dissociate it from the H igh German .

Still he lov ed the people and their dialect, and theywere glad for his book ; he was probably the only one ofthe later imm igrants who deliberately wanted to be countedas a Pennsylv ania German , and tried to speak and writeor thought he was speaking and writing their idiom .

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6. HENRY LEE FISHER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Annal s of the Ha rbaugh Fam ily. Hen ry Harbaugh , Chambersburg , 1 861 .

Der Deutsche P ion ier , Cinc innati , Oh io.

Deutsch in Amerika . G . U. Zimm ermann , Ch icago, I l l .German and Sw iss Sett lemen ts of Pennsylvan ia. Oscar Kuhns, New York .

Gesch ichte der Nordam erikan ischen Litteratur . Karl Knor tz, Be r l in , 1 89 1 .

Gesch ichte der Sch-w abischen D ialektd ichtung . A ugust Holder, He ilbronn ,1 896.

Indepen dent, New York, June 20, 1 880. Dr. L. Ste iner.Kur zwe i l un Ze itvertre ib, York, 1 882 , 2 d ed ition , 1 89 6.Pennsylvan ia Dutch . Mrs. Phoebe Gibbons

,Ph i lade lph ia, Pa.

Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . VI I, 4, 1 78 .

Penn sylvan ia German, Vol . XI, 1 , 2 f. Dr . Be tz.

Penn sylvan ia-German D ialect . M. D . Learned, Balt imore , 1 889

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY. Vol . I II,’8 A l t Mar ik Hans Mittes in D’

r Stadt, York, 1 879 .

T he German Elem ent in the Un ite d States. A lbert Bernhardt Faust, Boston and New York .

York County H istorical Soc iety Pub l icat ions, York, Pa.

Henry Lee Fisher wa s born 1 82 2,in a part o f Franklin

County, Pennsylv ania , called the Dutch Settlement . Inthose days l ife was in many respects more prim itiv e thannow ; and before Fisher died in 1 909 he had witnessedmany changes in the manner o f liv ing and the ways o fthinking o f ev en so conserv ativ e a people as the Germansof Pennsylv ania . When past middle age , he wrote a

1 05

1 06 The Pennsylv an ia-German Soc iety.

book in which he described things as they had been : howin his youth father and mother, ifwell to do , saddled theiranimals and rode on horseback to church, where nowsev eral automobiles a re lined up on Sunday morning. T he

stage coach made its trips through the v alleys at interv alsduring the week, where now express tra ins speed alongsev era l times a day. In the harv est field the farmers bentov er the sickle for weeks , where now the sel f-b inding harv ester a ccompl ishes ev erything in a few days ; in winterthey threshed with fla il and horses , where now the steamthresher does the work before the gra in leav es the field .

In the days of his youth the shoemaker and ta ilor stillwent their rounds to make shoes and clothes for the family from leather o ften tanned in their own or a communitytannery, and from woo l and fl ax ra ised and prepared onthe home farm . The young folk gathered at a neighbor’shouse in the ev ening to play their simple games , or assembled at a nearby schoolhouse for Singschule , etc . ,where now for the most part they board a trolley and findtheir amusement in the town .

As a boy Fisher attended school at that schoolhouseas he was fond Of telling—which was later immortalizedas Das Schulhaus an der Krick .

” On the title page ofhis first book in the dialect he printed the well known line,

Vom Miitterchen d ie Frohnatur , und Lust zu fabul ir en ,

by which he intended to call attention to the fact that onhis mother’s side he was descended from that same JoostHerbach who was the great grandfather of two otherdialect poets—Henry Harbaugh and Rachel B ahn . Inhis young days, the sons o f Pennsylv ania Germans were ex

pected by their kin to take up some of the yet unoccup iedland and follow in the same peaceful and honorable occu

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1 08“

The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Pennsylv ania city o f considerable s ize , this is st ill the onlypubl ic market .In York, the Court House stood not in the center Of the

Square , but along the side , and consequen tly there grew upin course of time a row of market stalls and sheds andShambles right through the center o f the block and alsoalong the sides o f the street . Th rough these busy hauntsof men

,Fisher passed da ily for a quarter of a century, and

whether he courted the muse , or , a s he himsel f sa id , waspossessed by a muse , snatches of rhyme were continuallytaking form and shape as he went in and out to his ofli ce

and back, and to and from the Court House .

In 1 875 he was confined to his room with an illness andduring this time he gav e his rhymes permanent form . Hemust hav e deriv ed pleasure from this work, for, on publ ishing it later he declared :

“Oebs mer net an e bitzl i

grothen isch, wer eder scho finde . Hene h umme halb soV il Vergm

'

ige bym Lese asz i g’

spiir t ha bym mache , sowirds so schlecht n it ausfalle sy.

” And because ev erybody was making Centennial Obj ects, resurrecting antiques ,and also labelling reproductions “ Centenn ial ,

”in antici

pa tion of the Hundredth Anniv ersary of American Inde

penden ce , he kept on rhyming on hal f a hundred things inand around the old M arket House in the middle of thetown until a Centennial poem had taken shape , in numberOf stanzas one hundred . Ev en the slenderest bond ofunity is lacking to the poem

,sav e that each stanza , is sug

gested by something about that spot,and that they nearly

all end in the refra in “Am Marik Hans Mittes in D’

r

Stadt, or some v ariation of it . Many b its o f loca l lore ,many thrusts at local politics , many a p icture o f a rare Oldcha racter has he preserv ed in these v erses which ga in ,when cons idered a s single stanza s or at most in small

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 1 09

groups o f stanzas , but which a re entirely inadequate asparts o f a longer poem . It must be sa id, howev er, thatthey were not intended for the public eye , a lthough hewas urged to publish them by some friends to whom he

had read them in priv ate .But he did not stop musing when he had finished these

hundred stanzas . His m ind takes a bolder fl ight , and infancy he wanders with a companion to v isit the Old place .In the key of Byron

’s’

T is sweet to hear the watch dog’s hon est bark ,Bay deepmouthed welcome as we draw near home .

he begins thus

Horr ich ! horscht du net ? der Wasser gautzt ,Er seen ’d uns dorich de Balm ;Er hockt im Hoof, dort for

’m Hans,

Un gautzt uns welcome heem .

T hen he dreams himself back aga in into boyhood , andfrom Plum sach and Bl indem eisel and all the other j oyousgames o f childhood onward , there a re few experiences inthe life of those people that do -not pass in rev iew until thetime when he goes

Me i alte Heem et seehne

Doch guckts gar n imme wies als hotD ie alte Bekann te Sin all fort ,Me i Age sin voll draene ;I ch ruuf un froog Wu sin sie all ? ”

Der Schall an twort “Wu sin sie al l ?”

E dehl sin weit fort Ow enaus,Weit , weit fum al te Heerd ;

E paar so alte sin noch do ,Un d ie sin krumm un schOp nu groh,

1 1 0 The Pennsylv an ia -German Soc ie ty.

Un feel sin in der Erd ,I hr al ter nu ah w ie Sie heese ,Kannscht uf de Schtee im Kerch Hoof leese.

I t is in these v erses that he is at his best ; they hav ebeen read and reread and printed times without number .Karl Kn ortz, in his Geschichte der NordamerikanischenLitter a tur

” rej ects the whole book in terms that a re onlyless b itter than the condemnation which Karl Knor tz ’

s

own poetry has receiv ed in a recent Chicago dissertation .

Kn or tz says : “ E iner der traurigsten Beitr iige zur Pennsylv an isch deutschen Litteratur fiihr t den T itel

"

S AltMarik Hans Mittes in D ’

r Stadt un die Alte Zeite ’ EnCentennial Poem in Pennsylv anisch deutsch , be i H . J .

Fisher, York, Pa . 1 879 . Der Verfasser, der nochnicht einmal seine sogenannte Muttersprache kennt , stehtm it den Regeln der Dichtkunst auf sehr gespanntem Fusseund dass e r w ie er sagt, seine Vers e nur zum Zeitv ertreib ,als ihm ein hartnackiger Rheumatismus an das Zimmerfesselte , schrieb , entschuldigt wenigstens die VerOffen tl ichung derselben n icht .

”

The dishonesty of Knor tz deserv es to b e noticed in thisconnection ; he had ev idently read the introduction , but hechose to suppress that part of it in which the author tellshow the book was not intended for publication ; how thatfriends who had heard him read in priv ate had inv ited himto read at the York County T eachers ’ Institute , and howonly a fter the contents had become sem i-public propertyhad he consented to publish the book and then only with afull realization of its imperfections . T he fact that thosewho succeeded in persuading him to take this step did nothav e Knor tz ’

s literary estimates must not be la id altogether to the author ’s charge . I f Knor tz had read the

introduction to Fisher’s next book which was issued nine

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1 1 2 T he Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

keine H inkel und deshalb hat an ch damals n ie eins denPipser g r ig t .

’

Knor tz’

s utter inab ility to understand the book is shownby this last sentence : Diese alte Buschbauernheit ist nunl i ngst v orbei (M r . Fisher was only too well aware Of

this ) und w ir glauben auch n icht dass es der Poesie Fisher’s

je gelingen wird das entschwundene Paradies zurii ck zu

zaub ern ,” a statement with which Fisher would hav e been

in hearty accord, nor would he hav e wished to call it backhad he been able, but that he described it fa ithfully fewwill deny .

Dr . G . U . Zimmerm ann , in his Deutsch in Amerika ,says : “

Der bedeutendste Dichter dieses Dialectes aberwar Heinrich Harbaugh

,dessen Dichtungen insgesamm t

eine Frische und U ‘

rsprijng l ichkeit athm en , w ie man sichorigineller kaum denken kann ; dabei g iebt sich e in reichesGem ii th m it feinem Humor kund . Getrost dii rfen w ir

ihn neben Karl v on Hol tei stellen , and he adds of ourauthor—“ Ebenso n aturwahr schildert uns Heinrich L .

Fisher das Leben der Deutschen in Pennsylv an ien in dieserMundart : nur geht ihm das tiefe Gem ii th Harbaugh

’

s ab ,”

and in another place the same author says of Fisher : “ VonNatur m it gesundem Humor begabt schrieb er v iele Gedichte und Skizzen in Pennsylv anisch-deutscher Mundart,das Alltagsleben der Deutschen in Pennsylv anien m eisterhaft schilder nd.

”

Oscar Kuhns in his German and Swiss Settlements ofPennsylv ania ” recognized the work as the “ picture of thel ife of the Pennsylv ania-German farmer fi fty years ago ,describ ing among other things Ol d customs , superstitions ,work in the fields and house , planting, ha rv esting, threshing , beating hemp and sp inning flax ; the j oys , toils andpleasures of the fa rmer’s life—butcherings

,butterboil ings,

Pennsylv ania-German Dia l ect Wr itings. 1 I 3

huskings and quilting parties . His next statement,that

the v olumes conta in in the ma in only imitations of German originals or translations from English and especiallyAmerican poetry, must b e am ended so a s to read that thisapplies only to the author’ s second v olume, Kurzweil nuZeitv ertreib ,

” and only to a v ery small extent to the v olumeat present under consideration .

A short time a fter the publica tion of this v olume, Dr .

L. H . Steiner, Of Frederick, Md .,contributed an article

to the I ndependen t of N ew York, which may be taken asthe conserv ativ e Pennsylv ania-German estimate o f the

book : “ Along with the disappearance o f the dialect ,”

says Steiner,“the manners and customs of those who em

ployed them are also dying out . Surely historic prideshould st ruggle to preserv e a fa ithful record of these a sof a people who hav e contributed so much to the upbuilding o f the Keystone state and whose children hav e madetheir homes in M aryland and Ohio abodes o f manly andwomanly v irtues . Such a record could only b e made inthe dialect ordinarily employed by them . I t would seemin English as awkward as ev en the best translations fromthe Greek and Roman writers a lways do to a carefulstudent . T o meet such a want , H . L . Fisher, a memberOf the York County Bar, has recently made quite a notablecontribution . Liv ing in a town which was honored fora few months in 1 777 as a place of meeting o f the American Congress, he has endeav ored to collect the historicalreminiscences o f York and to enshrine those o f the OldMarket House along w ith the customs of the Pennsylv ania Germans .”

“Whil e Fisher nowhere shows th e tender poetic firethat perv aded the genial Harbaugh

’s lines yet his descr ip

tiv e powers are unusually accurate in seizing the m inute8

1 1 4 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

peculiarities o f the Pennsylv ania customs and his v erses arev ery v aluable as embodying deta iled accounts o f the simple ,honest ways o f the Pennsylv ania Germans . A v ein ofhumor moreov er perv ade s his lines that makes them v eryacceptable .” (This is the point that Knor tz missed en

t ir ely. )“He has seized the serio-comic rather than the

pathetic side o f the life he undertakes to portray, whichdoes not detract from the v alue o f his work . He has alsocalled upon the pencil o f the artist in his task , and ov erone hundred woodcuts, illustrativ e o f domestic hab its ,manners and customs hav e been incorporated into the

book,which, if not indicativ e o f high art, are nev ertheless

exceedingly interesting as fa ithful delineations of scenesdescribed by the author in the text . Fisher giv es a r e

liable account of the home life o f the Pennsylv ania Germans which will be read with interest by the lov ers of thecurious as well a s the student .”

The latest recognition the author has receiv ed is conta ined in Faust ’s prize book on “

T he German Element inthe United States . ” According to Faust ,

“The two most

prominent poets , for such a title may be bestowed uponthem , who wrote in Pennsylv ania Dutch are Henry Harbaugh and Henry L . Fisher .” We may not be ready toagree with his statement that these are the two mostprominent poets (Faust is ev idently not acqua inted withZiegler’s work

,though he mentions his name in the Gen

eral B ibliography ) but ev ery one qualified to judge willagree with him in ma inta ining their right to b e consideredpoets . Faust also accepts the book as an authentic ac

count of conditions that once existed and adds :“This

poetical literature o f the Pennsylv ania Germans is one ofthe few original notes in Am erican lyrical poetry .

”

Fisher’s second book, Kurzweil un . Ze itv ertreib ,

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1 1 6 ‘The Pennsylv ania-Germ an Socie ty.

On the misprints he says

Druckfehler, die ferderwes Buch,Wiescht sin Sie ohne ZweifelWas badds em wann mer dr iv v er flucht !Mer gebt die Schuld dem Denfel .

E ichrodt had said simila rly

Un wo um ’s Lewe net der Spass , odar z’

v arstehn isch letz garDO denkt,

’

s isch am end e Dail Lesfehl er v omm e Setzar .

This sketch would not be complete without mention ofa poem which Fisher did not include in the collection , notwithstanding it is by no means one o f the worst ; it is histranslation of Poe’s “ Rav en ”

into the meters o f the orig

inal . The most obv ious fault of the translation is a toofrequent wandering from the exact sense of the original ;its greatest v irtues are a certa in rude v igor and a surpris

ing skill in reproducing the rhythm .

Un so w ie ich m ir er inner

Wars so ahfangs in em Win terUn en j ede gl iihend ZinderMacht sei Geischtl i uf em Floor.Un ich hob gew inscht

’

s war MorgeAwer do war n ix zu borge

Ans de B icher—n ix as SorgeSorge fer de l ieb LenoreA ch dass sie n och bei m ir warEngel hen sie gnennt LenoreDO genenn t doch N immermehr.

Falsch PrOpheet , du, ohne Zweifel ,

Pennsylv ania-German D ia lec t Wr itings. 1 1 7

Ungl icks Fogel Oder De ifel

M ich zu ketzere un zn qualeWu der Deifel kummscht du her ?

Warum duscht du mich besucheWas huscht du bei m ir zu sucheWit mich in die Hell v erflucheMit deim ewig Nimmermehr ?

7. ABRA HAM R . HORNE .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Beg inn er ’s Book in Fr ench . Soph ie Dor iot, Boston , 1 886Cor respon dence and in terview s w ith m embers of his fam i ly.Der Deutsche P ion ier , Cin c inn at i, Oh io, Vol . VI I, p. 1 61 .

Matthew s a nd Hung e rford’s H istory Of Carbon and Leh igh Counties, 1 884.

Na tional Educator , A llentow n , Pa .,January

,1 903.

New York Journal, New York, N. Y.

Pennsyl v an ia-Ge rm an Manual,Kutztow n , Pa .

, 1 875 ; A llentown , 1 895

A llen town,1 905. and 1 9 1 0.

PROCEEDINGS or THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY, Vol . II, p. 46 ; Vol .

III, p. 1 61 .

Prom inen t Pennsylvan ians,Vol . I .

Re ading Eag le, Read ing , Pa.T he Penn sylv an ia Dutchm an

,Lancaster, Pa .

,1 87 3 .

In Nov ember, 1 9 1 0, there appeared at Allentown , Pennsylv ania

,

“ ’M Horn sei Penn syl fawn ish Deitsh Buch,’s

fert mol un feel farbes’rd. T his book , which is a sort ofR ar itfiten -Kasten , giv es ev idence, nev ertheless , of a fa rmore serious purpose than any of the other works in the

dialect ; this purpose we may better understand a fter seeing who the author was . Abraham Reeser Horne wasborn in Bucks County, Pa . , on

‘March 2 4 , 1 834 ; his an ces

tors , who were Of the M ennonite fa ith, had emigratedfrom Germany and had purchased land from John andT homas Penn early in the eighteenth century . His ownrel igious tendency manifested itself early in l ife, when ate ight years o f age he is sa id to hav e preached to the fowls

1 1 8

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1 20 T he Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

ized and directed the Normal and Preparatory Departmento f Muhl enb erg College, Allentown , Pa . , also for a periodof fiv e years ( 1 877The foregoing account does not by any means include

all the activ ities o f the life Of the man who, ev en whenalmost sev enty, was popularly known as All entown

’s busiestman . In addition to his work a s preacher, as teacher andas editor, he wrote frequently for magazines, newspapersand educational journals ; a s a lecturer and instructor att eachers’ institutes he was always in demand , not only inPennsylv ania but in neighboring states and through the

South, where he made four extensiv e lecture tours , a fterhe had giv en up his work as a teacher in 1 882 . I t wasa fter one of these trips that he was elected president o f theUn iv ersity of T exas , but declined the position . Duringthese trips he was also correspondent of Philadelphiapapers .A lov er of nature, he knew all the wild flowers, and as a

help to students who wished to be introduced to these delights he published his fi rst Handbook of Botany .

”A S an

a id to teachers, in the art of sel f-help , he published hisEasy experiments in chem istry and kindred subj ects .” Be

liev ing tha t if persons took care Of themselv es as he didtheir health would equal his own , he published his Common Sense Health Notes .” He was a member of manysocieties and prepared and read many papers before them ,

among o thers he was one Of the founders of The Pennsylv ania-German Society . In 1 898 he was appointed bythe gov ernor to be the state educational commissioner tothe Omaha Exposition . Late in life, he planned, organ

ized and became president o f a railroad company and builta ra ilroad . He also published the M emoirs o f R ev .

Joshua Yeager,” a noted preacher of eastern Pennsyl

v ania .

Pennsylv ania-German Dia l ec t Wr itings. 1 2 1

A Pennsylv ania German by b irth, a teacher in the public

schools at a time and in a place where the dialect only wasspoken, principal of a normal school which is notoriousfor the percentage of Pennsylv ania Germans among itsstudents , he appreciated, as few had done , the diffi cultythese students had to contend with in getting an Englisheducation . Indeed, the original obj ect Of his paper was“ to supply a long-felt want in education among the Pennsylv ania Germans, namely an organ for the schools andparents o f the German section o f the state , specially dev oted to their interests .” During his fi rst twenty-fiv e

yea rs as a tea cher he had become conv inced , as he tellsus in his M anual published in 1 875, that the system ofeducation generally pursued among this p eopl e admittedof v ery great improv ement , a s fa r as it perta ined to language instruction . In thinking and reason ing, a s for instance in mathematics, he found the Pennsylv an ia Germansnot only the equals but superior to many o f English an

cestry ; but where there wa s required readiness o f expression he found them greatly handicapped by their inab ilityto use the English language .

T he great problem presen ted for solution , is how shall six toeight hundred thousan d inhab itan ts of eastern Pennsylvan ia , tosay n othing of those of other parts of our own state and of otherstates , to whom English is as much a dead language as Latinand Greek , acquire a suffic ien t knowledge of Engl ish to enablethem to use the language in telligen tl y ? T o render suchassistance to those who speak Penn sylvan ia German on ly as willenable them to acquire the more read ily the two most importan tmodern languages , English and German , has induced us to prepare this Manual .

It will b e noticed that he says to teach English and German ; this idea was not a new one with him ; in an article

I 2 2 T he Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

in the Pennsylv a n ia Dutchm an,Vol . I , No . 3 , 1 873 , which

discusses , among other things , to what extent the Germanlanguage should be taught by the side o f English and inwhat manner this should be done , he had already r ecom

mended Pennsylv ania German for Pennsylv ania-Germanpup ils and High German for European Germans as thefi rst language of instruction . For those who are accustom ed to speak Pennsylv ania German he recommendedthe use of articles in “ pure Pennsylv an ia German ”

( I)in newspapers and especially Harbaugh

’

s poems to teachpronunciation , translation , construction and simple gramm atica l forms . Then

,turn ing to the question of English ,

he says ev ery child attending the schools should receiv e asuffi cient knowledge o f English to be able to hold in te l l igent conv ersation and conduct correspondence in this language ; two thirds o f our Pennsylv ania German pupil s failto do this at present ; hav ing shown how , according to truepedagogical principles, the teacher must pass from the

known to the unknown , he goes on to demonstrate howcorresponding words. and sounds in English and Pennsylv an ia German should be made the basis of exercises inpronunciat ion . Finally, some book in Pennsylv ania German like Harbaugh

’s

“Harfe ” or Rauch’s “Pennsyl

v an ia Dutch Handbook should be placed in the pupil ’shands . In the same number of The Dutchm an there appea red an editorial commending the scheme .Filled with these ideas , Horne began , while principal o f

the normal school, the collection of material for a bookwhich should be more adapted to school work along thel ines of his articles than either Harbaugh

’

s“Harfe ” or

Rauch ’s “Handbook .

”The first part o f the book, in

tended to b e the basis for the correct pronunciation ofEnglish, takes up seriatim the sounds supposed to b e most

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1 24 T he Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

un d ieweil die gel em te Len t behaupten , der G rossdadi dhat al sfort widder im Enkel raus kumm e , do bin ich dennoch m ei grossdadi selwert , wo von der Pal z riiw er kumm e is. Uf sell bin ichstolz, vonw ege er war’n schmar ter Mann .

Was ich aw er eegen tl ich hab sage wolle is des I ch hab in

der Zeidung gel ese, du dhatst m it dem Gedanke umgeh,’

n Buchnu

’

n Dickschonary nwer Pennsylvan isch Deutsch rauszugewe.

Weest was—so’

n Buch dhat ’

n d ie Leit do in Penn sylvan ia unsunst iiw eral l wo d ie Pennsylvan isch Deutsch Sprach schwatzegewiss arg gleiche , un die Nal lyfinn is recht in die HOh g

’

huppst

for F reede w ie ich sell Stiickel in der Zeidung v orgel ese hab.

Awer sag ich zu der Nal lyéinn , w o m ir ow eds be inanner g’

sotze

hen , w ie s ie be im Fettlicht’

n paar B lacke uf cen s v on de Buwesei

’

Hosekn ie genaht hot . Nel lyann , sag ich, denkst seller Professor wees w as er unnernemm t ? Nau , du bist

’

n dorch nu

dorch Penn sylvan isch Weibsm ensch al le 2011 v on d ’r. G l aabst

so’

n Buch konn t zuwege gschr iw e werre, dass m’

r s ich net schamm e

brauch m itt ? Well , sagt sie , we il Sie ihre schbne braun e Aagenwer der Disch zum

’

r riiw er g’

schm isse hot , sagt sie , ich glaabwol‘ net dass es der ufgeblose , hochm iidig Hannew ackel drunne im

Wanzedhal dhu’

konn t , w as seller Professor dhu kann wees ichnet , awer sell wees ich , dass wann me i Hannes so

’

n Lern ing hatt ,dass er ’

s dhu konn t . Guck , wer so’

n F raa hot , lebt noch so long,sagt der S irach in der Biw el , un se l hot mich ufgew eckt , dass ichd ’r den do B rief schreiwe dhu.

I ch bin , denk ich n et ganz so g’

sche idt w ie d ie Nel lyann meen tawer wann du sell Buch schreiw e w it , mocht ich d

’r eppes vonAdv eis gewe , v onw ege weil ich selw ert

’

n Pennsyl v an ier nu nochnew ebe i

’

n Pal zer bin w ie ich d ’r bew isse hab. Nan d ie PalzerSprooch un die Pennsylvan isch Sprooch sanwer g

’

schw etzt , sin

cen s, un is schier keen Unnershied dazw ische. Les mol F 1 6hl ich P falz , Gott erhalts (Nadler ) noh geh ufs Lan d un geb gutacht w ie di Len t schw iitze ; was d ie Buwe un d ie M

’

ad zu n anner

sage an der Singschul , vor’m Schulhaus wann ’s dunkel is : w as die

Baure sage v on de Gaul , vom R insv ieh, v on de San , vom Weeze ,vomWel shkom un vom Hai ; was un w ie d ieWeibsl eut m itnanner

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr iting s. 1 2 5

dischkur ire uw er al l erhand Sache, die juscht Sie al leen a’belange ,nu du w erscht bal erfahre , was Pennsylvan isch Deutsch is. DO

sin viel von den e kerls wo’s prow ir t hen , die meen e , wann sie

recht hunsgeschm ee schlecht Hoch Deutsch schreiwe un ferchter

l ich viel Englische worte drunner dhate , sell war Penn syl van isch ,un so nar rische Deutsche , wo

’

s net besser verstehen , spend’

ne danngrosse Lorbeere for “

dieses Gottl iche Verhunzen der so edl endeutschen Sprache.” Vor selle , hochw erdiger Professor, mocht ich

dich gewarn t hawe.’

S kann gewiss n iemand hOherer Respect hawe vor selle Lieder,wo der Parre Harbach g

’

schriwe hot , w ie ich. I ch wees, w ie’

s’

m

um ’s Herz war, wie’r al semol selle Lieder g

’

schr iwe hot—dotl ichweech, heemwehr ig . Herzweh noch de unschuld ige K innerjohreun bei so Gel egenheite hot n och eppes v on owerunner aus der

annere Welt uf’n gewerkt- so dass m ’

r viel von sein e Lieder diePoesie gewiss n et abl egl e kann ; awer die Sproch, w el l ich willn icks dr iiwer sage- j ust , wo in

’re Schrift Oder in ’

me Lied so

viel Englisch w ie Pal zich Oder Deutsch vorkumm t , is net Pennsylvan isch Deutsch.

Nau wann du dra’ gehst, for sel Buch zu schreiwe los des

verhenkert Englisch Kauderwelsch haus, wo gar net in unserSproch g

’

hore dhut. I ch arger mich al l emol schwarz und blo,wann so dumm stoff gedruckt un in die Welt g

’

schickt werd woPenn sylvan isch Deutsch sei sol , awer lauter geloge is.

’

S is uns

v er l aschtert wo m ’r’s net verdien t hen . Un wann dei Buch molfertig is, un

’

s kumm t m ir unn er die Finger un ’S is so

’

n elend igerWisch w ie kerzl ich wieder eener im F il delfi raus kumm e is, dannnfgebasst for dann v erhechel ich d ich , dass du aussehnst w ie v er

hudel t Schwingwerk, un die Len t dich for’

n Spuk a ’

gucke.

SCH INNERHANNES VOM CALMUSH'

UWEL.

Horne found it impossible to get his promised publication ready by Christm as o f 1 875, but the students wereso eager to hav e the book to take with them during theholidays to canv ass for its sale , that a number of specimencop ies in the form of agents ’ samples were struck off for

1 26 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

their use ; of these I possess a mutilated copy. When thebook appeared, the s econd part was entitled Pennsylv aniaGerman Literature , consisting first o f directions for theuse of the exercises , a phonetic key, and then a long serieso f Obj ect-lesson p ictures

,serious, humorous and comic,

each supplied with a title in English , Pennsylv ania German and High German .

This part of the book ( as well a s the first part ) finds acerta in pedagogical just ification and example . T en yearslater ( 1 886) the fi rm of Ginn and Company published“T he B eginner’s French Book ” by Sophia Doriot withHumorous I llustrations .” In the author’s Introductionshe says : Experience has taught me further that childrena s a rule a re rather hard to please and not v ery willing tosubmit to arduous and humdrum work ; it is necessary toamuse them . I also rely on pictures which hav e beenmade as humorous a s poss ible . Children who do notknow how to read should b e taught the words and expressions conta ined in each lesson by means o f pointing to thedifferent parts o f the p icture . In fact , her entire Introduction might be bodily transferred to our Pennsylv an iaGerman book ; this ev idently belonged to the pedagogy ofthe time .Next follow prov erbs , riddles , rhymes , anecdotes , de

scr iptions of old customs by the author ; liv es of distin

guished Pennsylv an ia Germans , especially of the Pennsylv ania-German gov ernors and of the state superintendentof education , by Conrad Gehring o f the Kutz town I ourna l ; and finally selections from dialect poets . T he thirdpart conta ined a brief grammar, a dictionary of Pennsylv ania-German words with the ir English and H igh-Germanequiv alents . As a gu ide to the study of English and German , the book was submitted to the publi c for use in

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1 2 8 T he Pennsylv ania-German Socie ty.

man equiv alent . The author had dropped the word German from his preface and has in m ind only a Manual forthe acquiring of English . He says further that althoughthe necessity for such a work m ight b e supposed to existno longer, yet experience and Observ ation show that inPennsylv ania-German districts on the v ery ev e of the twent ieth century, what was said in the preface in 1 875 maybe aga in repeated. In referring to the second editionThe Pennsylv an ia German calls it

“ a book that has foryears been a standard among those hav ing to do with themastery of the dialect or the English education Of the

children who sp eak this tongue . In. response to a widepublic demand, M r . Horne

’ s son was induced to issue athird edition in 1 905 : it has again been enlarged in ev erypart and purports no longer merely to serv e a s a gu idebook for the study o f English

,but also to Show how the

Pennsylv ania German is spoken and written ; an indicationthat the book is on the way to become a historical document and wil l presently Show how Pennsylv ania Germanwas Spoken . In Nov ember, 1 9 1 0, as sta ted at the outset ,the Manual was issued Es fert mol nu feel ferbessered.

”

Such is the history of one of the most popular Pennsylv ania-German books by one Of the most widely knownPennsylv ania Germ-ans , one who , wherev er he was, wasfond of applyingWol l enweber

’

s l ines to himsel f

I ch bin’

n Pennsyl fawn i De itscher

Druf bin ich shtuls nu fro.

8. ISRA EL DANIEL RUPP .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Eg le , W. H., in T he H istor ical

-

Mag azine February, 1 87 1 .

R . in the Deutsche Pion ier Vol . X, p. 200.

R ingwa l t,Mrs. Jessie C., I n the Deutsche Pion ier, Vol . VI, p. 351 .

Pennsylvan ia German, Vol . VII, 1 , 1 . P . C . Crol l.

T he name o f the author of “T hirty Thousand Names

of German and other Immigrants to Pennsylv ania ” is

known to all students o f early history, as is also his r e

markable s eries o f county histories which has become thestorehouse whence all later writers hav e drawn . Bio

graphical sketches of him hav e appeared in the Histor ica lMagaz ine , February, 1 87 1 , by his friend Dr . Egle ; inDer D eutsche Pion ier

,1 874 , p . 351 , a translation of an

English paper byM rs . Jessie C . R ingwa l t ; inDer Deutsche

Pion ier,1 878, p . 2 00

, by some one who signs himsel f R .

(R atterm ann , H . A . in the Pennsylv an ia Magazine,

January, 1 89 1 , by the late Pro fessor Seidensticker, of theUniv ersity of Pennsylv ania ; and in the Pennsylv an ia-Ger

man Mag az ine , January, 1 906, by R ev . P. C . Croll .While no new material on Rupp has been discov ered , it

is due to his memory to recall here how he went throughPennsylv ania with a horse and wagon and a load of booksto sell , while gathering information from house to house ;how he went from town to town teaching school , eitherobtaining a position or starting n ew schools , in places

1 2 9

1 30 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

where there were records to b e searched whil e he later, asitinerant l ife-insurance agent, trav elled for n ineteen yearsthrough Pennsylv ania , all the while p icking up the mater ia l out o f which his famous works were ev olv ed .

A master of many languages and a student of languageas well a s of history, he found time to scrutinize the dialects o f Germany, and frequently wrote for magazines , art ic l es in which he compared thes e s ev eral dialects Of Germany with the Pennsylv ania German . Such a one is adialect article in the Deutsche Pionier : En kurzeG

’schicht v on m eim Grosv ater Johann Jonas Rupp ; two

other a rt icles he wrote for the same magazine a re en

titled “ Eppes fiber Pennsylv ania Deutsch and “ Eppes

Wege de deutsche B aure !In 1 87 1 Dr . Egle wrote of him : There ( in Philadel

phia ) he still resides, pursuing his v ocation , laying uptreasures of history for the great work of his life ,

‘ AnOriginal Fireside H istory of German and Swiss Immigrants ln Pennsylv ania from 1 688 to 1 77 It is nearlycompleted and it is hoped that M r . Rupp will soon giv e itto the public who hav e been on the lookout for the workfor so many years .In 1 873 , in an a rticle sent to Rauch

’s Pennsylv an iaDutchm an

,he said himsel f of the chapter on Pan Patois o f

Pennsylv ania German tha t was to appear in the abov e ment ion ed v olume : I hav e for nearly fi fty years been studying the Pan Patois , Kauderwelsch Spoken in Pennsylv ania .

I hav e in my budget a v aried collection o f German phrases ,words , idiomatic sentences , written by mysel f a s pron ounced in different counties in Pennsylv ania , noted carefully in the dialect v ariations .” In 1 878, when he died,the work which would no doubt v ie with all his other collections and comp ilations in v alue , had not yet been publ ished

,nor has it to this time seen the light o f day.

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1 32 T he Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Widely different in character is a poem by B runner conta in ed in I -I orn e

’

s“Pennsylv an i a German Manual ,

”en

titled DerWashington un Si B il e The familiar cherrytree story is rehearsed ; George

’s father is portrayed as athrifty Pennsylv ania-German farmer, who had seen to itthat his estate had its due share of cherry trees growingall about . George , who was a good boy—“ wann er alsbei seim pap war ”—was tempted by the ripe red fruit ;his prudence is praised in not electing to cl imb the t ree ;suppose he had fallen and crushed out his young life

Now w on des d ing so ghappened hetUn sis uns goot gegl ickt

Don hetta m ir silawa kenUn ited S tates do gr ickt .

George ’s father discov ers the deed, and to the questionwhy he cut down the tree with his littl e hatchet, George t epl ies with the countrym an ’s j oke—because he could notfind the axe. Half in j est and half yielding to the temptation to po int a moral the selection ends

Der George hut n et viel chansa g’hotEer grosse Buwe het .

Der George hut gor n et lcaya kenna,I hr kenn t, doot ov ver net .

Daniel M iller’s collection Of Pennsylv ania Germanconta ins fiv e s elect ions in v erse by Brunner .

1 .

“War m ich juscht en Bauer war”

-ih pra ise o fcountry life

O ! wann ich juscht en Bauer war,Un héitt en gut St ii ck Land

Dann hiitt ich ah m ei Stick voll Geld ,Un ah noch in der Hand .

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t I ,”r itings. 1 33

In rap id surv ey are passed in rev iew all the a rgumentsthat used to be brought forward by the afli rm ativ e , whenin the old days was discussed in S-peakin-school the question : “

R eso lv ed : That country life is pre ferable to citylife Not until we hav e read the last four l ines of thepoem

,

O ! wann ich juscht en Bauer war ,Wann

’s ah juscht dauere debtB is dass ’

S gut Sach gesse isUn

’

s an die E rwet geht !

do we realiz e tha t this is a satire ; that our author is Sporting with us and with his subj ect ; that he has, in his humbleway, contributed to a typ e o f literature as old as literature itsel f.

2 . B ezahlt euer Parre narrates how a witty parsonmov ed a wealthy though del inquent congregation to meetits financial obligations , and ends with a merry explanationof the simila r phenomenon , that a preacher also cannotliv e without pay.

3 .

“ En gross M'

isv erstandniss

Die scho un l acherl ich G ’

schicht ,

So duhn viel sie heese,Hab ich in meiner Kerche ZeitungSechs Johr zur iick gel ese.

Wahrschein lich is die G ’

schicht ah wahr,So hot sie m ir geguckt,

Sunst hiitte unser Parre sieSei l ebdag net gedruckt.

The Misv erstfindn iss is great enough to arouse thekeenest expectation , While the disillusionment is inv ariablyfollowed by a burst o f laughter

,for in the main it is true

that the Pennsylv ania German lov es a j oke on the

Pa rre .”

1 34 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

4 . Die Grundsau —a fter considering this creatureand all her ways and all her cla ims , and all her influence ,he finds that we hav e to do with a thorough humbug, andthat

Exactly w ie d ie G rundsau is ,So duht ihr Mann er finne ;

Ausw en n ig sin s ie Gen tel l eut

Un humbugs sin sie inne.

T his giv es Brunner occasion to consider the ways of v arious kinds of sharpers that are neither what they seem , norwhat they cla im to be ; und

Nau geb ich euch en guter RothUn den du ich euch schenke ,Wann ihr so humbugs al s aht refft ,Duht an d ie Grundsau denke.

5. Der alt un der jung Krebs ” tells o f an Ol d crayfish (perhaps better translate it by the slang term

“ lobster that chid his offspring for swimm ing “

h-innersch

d derscht”; but the saucy youngster replies that he has

learned it from his father .

Es is ihr Wisst en alte Ruhl ,Dass sch ier gar al l de SOhGrad dubn e w as der Vatter duht ,Un juscht en bissel m eh.

By a number o f salient examples our author shows thatfathers and mothers must not expect to forb id their sonsand daughters the follies they themselv es are guil ty of,with any prospect o f their being obeyed .

In “Der Dan Webster nu Sei Sens he treats another

well-kn own ta le a fter the manner o f the GeorgeWashington story . Dan is a Pennsylv ania-German boy who has

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1 36 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

B runner was interested in archaeology, and publishedworks on the Indians of B erks County and of the state ;in the domain of m icroscopy and m ineralogy, his studieson the minerals o f his countryhav ing been incorporated intothe publications o f the Second Geological Surv ey of Pennsylv ania . He died on the 2 9th of Nov ember, 1 903 . His

dialect writing was an incident and a div ersion in a busylife . His prose letters will b e found chiefly in the fi leso f the R eading Adl er .

I O. LEE LIGHT GRUMB INE .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

A l l entown Da i ly C ity Item .

Bethlehem T imes.

B iog raph ical H istory of Lebanon County, Ch icago, 1 904.

Der A l t Denge l stock. Grumb ine, Lebanon , 1 903 .

Harrisburg Star Independent.Lancaster New E ra .

Lebanon County H istorical Soc iety, Vol . I, No. 1 1 .

Lebanon Cour ier.Lebanon Even ing Report .Lee Light Grumb ine. P . C. C1 0]! in Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . V, p. 1 45.

Le tters in the possession of S. P. He i lman , MD .

Nat ional Cyc loped ia of Amer ican B iog raphy, New York, 1 894, Vol . V.

National Educator,A l lentown , Pa.

Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . V, 2 , 946. De r Denge l stock.

Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . VI I, 4, 1 781.Ph ilade lph ia Inquirer.PROCEEDINGS or THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY, Vol . IV, 1 69 ; Vol .

! I V: 5's:

Pub l ications of the Lebanon County H istorical Soc iety, Vol . III, 3.

T ransactions of the American Ph ilolog ical A ssoc iation .

Lee Light Grumbine was born in Fredericksburg , Lebanon County, Pennsylv ania , July 2 5, 1 858. The ancestryof his family is discussed in the a rticle on his brotherDr . Ezra Grumb ine where also it has been notedthat to scribble and to rhyme runs in the fam ily.

” LeeLight Grumb ine possessed another talent tha t is character ist ic of the best dialect writers according to a writerin the F orum (Vol . XIV, Dec . ,

1 89 2 , p . 470) who

I S7

1 38 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

says : Recalling Col . R . M . Johnston ’s dialectic Sketcheswith his own presentation of them from the platform, the

writer notes a fact that seems to obta in among all truedialect writers , namely, that they are also endowed withnativ e histrionic capabilities . Hea r as well a s r ead Twa in ,Cable , Johnston , Page , Smith and all the list , with barelyan exception .

”

In the public schools and at Palatinate College Grumb ine gav e ev idence Of his ability along this line , and whena student at the Wesleyan Univ ersity, Connecticut , hebegan giv ing public elocutionary entertainments, and this ,with lecturing and teachers ’ institute work, he kept up a s adiv ersion during his lifetime .When he had graduated from Wesleyan Univ ersity,

Conn .,in 1 881 , he took up teaching, but began the study

of law at the same time , and three years later was ad

m itted to practice in the courts of Lebanon County , andin 1 887 to practice before the Supreme Court of Pennsylv ania ; for a time he was the law partner of the late Gen .

Gob in . In 1 886 he was appointed instructor of elocutionat Cornell Univ ersity, but nev er entered upon the duties o fhis position ; in 1 889 he was principal of the School ofOratory at the Silv er Lake (New York ) Chautauqua .

In 1 889 he became the founder and editor of the Lebanon Da ily R epor t, which he conducted along independentlines , making it the organ of reform mov ements , and thedread of ev ildoers and machine politicians . In politicsa Prohibitionist , he held a high place in the councils o f hisparty, both in the state and in the nation , and as a platformorator and a s candidate he made many a Vigorous fightfor a forlorn hope .Grumbine was also one of the prime mov ers in the or

gan ization of The Pennsylv ania Chautauqua a t M t .

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1 40 T he Pennsylv an ia -German Socie ty.

A timid youth,Who on ly knows to speak with simple truthHis love ,

Appears as su itor to the Muse ;a fter expla ining

who dares by such a bold demandPersisten t, sue the Muse

’s heart and hand ?

the poe t proceeds to tell o f the noble ancestry Of the youth,and finally makes hold to rev eal his name—ir is The Pennsylv ania-German Society . His petition is ev idently heard,for the success ful organization of the Society is celebratedas the Nuptial Feast ” and the hope is expressed that

From this holy un ion there may springA progeny of poets , that will sing,The praises of those hero souls who came ,I n search of n either Fortun e nor of Fame ,From Al p ine slopes and banks of castled Rhin e ,T o land where Liberty’s fair sun would shine.

The second and third parts of this poem are entitledrespectiv ely “

Their Dowry” and “ Our Heritage .”

Grum b ine remained an activ e member o f the Societyuntil his death in 1 904 ; a t that time he had in course ofpreparation a history o f the M ennonites , which he waswriting for the Association . In 1 901 he presented apaper to the Society,

“An essay on the Pennsylv ania German dialect : a study of its sta tus as a spoken dialect andform of litera ry expression , with reference to its capabil ities and lim itat ions , and lines illustrating the same, alsoundertaken at the request of the Society. In part it contains good poetics , as when he says

T he Penn sylvan ia German occup ies a un ique place among thetongues of Babel and their derivations . I t is like a provincial

Pennsylv a nia-German D ia lect Wr itings . 1 4 1

rustic youth, strong in the vigor of athletic young manhood , lustyin the sp irit of adven ture and j oviality, schooled in self- rel iance ,honesty and in dustry, train ed in all the domest ic virtues , love ofhome , of work , of kin and of God , but not used to the courtl inessof state

,un sk illed in the hollown ess of vain complimen t

,un tutored

in the frippery and polish of artificial soc iety, unacquain ted withthe insincerity and d iplomacy of the wider world , removed fromkith and kin , and thrown upon his own resources among strangersand n ew surround ings. T he feelings and sen timen ts of its own

provincial home life it can__express with a force and beauty , a

directness , a tendern ess and humor al l its own , but in the morecosmopolitan relation s it is awkward and wholly inadequate, probably because as soon as the Pennsylvan ia-German ind ividual strikesout in to the l arger world of human endeavor, beyond the modestand c ircumsc ribed limits of his provincial sphere , to the exten tthat he becomes a cosmopolitan in taste, in education or culture orachievemen t he d iscards the provincial for the national ; he losesthe marks of his native racial and linguistic in dividual ity ; in short ,loses himself in the great mass of national commonplace. He discards the mother tongue and adopts the ruling speech, the Engl ish.

Or aga in when he says

A foul tongue cannot express a pure mind,even though a

corrupt mind may at times clothe itself in fair language. T he

artist, the poet, the writer, the musician , each expresses his thought ,his life, his inner sel f ; and what the vocabulary is to the individual that the d ialec t is to the commun ity, and the language tothe nation . I f the people as a people are concerned with the

heroic affairs of human activity—with statecraft and commerce ,with science and art , with schemes of metaphysics and education ,

with the pomp of wealth and the parade and pagean t ry of ar t istocracy, with the stilted ceremon ials Of soc iety and the outwardformal ities of religion—their language w ill be stately, courtly,scholarly, cl assical , maj est ic and sometimes hol low and insincere .T he stormy pass ions Of the soul , the machin at ions of ambition , the

1 42 T he Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

intrigues of politics , the plottings of hatred and revenge , and the

c ruelties of persecution can only be portrayed upon the large theaterof the world , where are played the dramas of statecraft , and wheregreat even ts and movemen ts mark the onward march of historyfrom epoch to epoch. For these the lan guage and l ife of the

Pennsylvan ia Germans furn ish n either exam ple , opportun ity , normean s of expression . I t were ludicrous to try to write an epicpoem in the d ialect of a provinc ial commun ity whose in terests donot go beyon d

“the daily task, the common roun d of its simple

l ife . Cathedrals are not built upon the plan or out of the ma

ter ial s of which dwellings are constructed , and yet whil e the

cathedral with its noble proportions , its maj estic arches and softlycol ored light,

Where through the l ongdrawn aisle and fretted vault

T he pealing an them swells the note of praise

may help to l ift the devout sp irit ’s asp irat ions toward the Infin iteGod , it is the pure and Simple life in the happy homes of the plainand virtuous people, no matter how humble the architecture or howmodest the comforts , where the Muse of poesy loves to come alingering guest . Here are cult ivated the tender sen timen ts of thefires ide, affection , kindness , fil ial love and obed ience , paternal solicitude, generosity, unse lfishness. Here dwell the domestic virtuestruth, s in cerity, charity, confidence , candor

,devot ion , chast ity.

Here , too , is rel igion’s real altar, where p iety, reverence and hol i

n ess are not the formal profess ion of the l ips, or the ceremon ialand perfunctory offi ces of the priest , but the true expression of theheart in daily right l iving. Sportive humor plays its m irthful part ,songs of con ten tmen t and the rippl ing laughter of chil dhood en l iventhe labors of happy industry. T hese are some of the sweet notesin the j oyous m instrelsy wh ich rises to Heaven when the poet singsof the Pennsylvan ia-German l ife and people . T he common rangeof everyday human experience , human act ivit ies , human feelingsand fail ings , these are the domain and these the materials andOpportun ity for the Pennsylvan ia-German poet ; and if he cannot

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1 44 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

hope of el ict ing comfort from our friends and the assurance thatthings are not as bad as we th ink ; but we do not like it whenothers men tion the fact , and we invariably resen t it when our

friends take us at our word . T he several translat ions furtherserve to illustrate what has been stated in reference to the l imitations and capabil it ies of the d ial ec t. Whitt ier ’

s BarbaraF r ietchie and John Van ce Chen ey’s Kitchen Clock ” show howreadily the themes and inc iden ts of provinc ial , pastoral or personaleveryday life lend themselves to d ialec t treatmen t ; while on the

other hand the more d ign ified philosophical or moral theme ofLongfellow’s Psalm of Life could not be rendered in to Pennsylvan ia German without the effec t of bur l esqueing it , but cal ls forthe statelier measures of a more cl assical German .

Me i Arme B e , with a mixture o f satire , humor andpathos

,pa ints a v ery common character familiar to us all

the v illage toper—wh'

o makes ev ery ridiculous pretext anexcuse for his indulgence

,blames ev erything but himsel f

for his weakness , and who protests up to the day that hedies of delirium tremens , that

“he can drink or let it

alone .”“Der Schumacher is another character common to

ev ery v illage and suggests his v arious brothers in the gu ildo f handicra ftsmen who would furnish subj ects for similar treatment—Der Weber, Der Schmied, Der Wagnerand others . Der Viert July ”

is a somewhat il l-naturedportrayal o f the national holiday and the pa inful , senseless ,wasteful and almost intolerable way in which it has cometo be celebrated in our cities . I t was written while stillsmarting under the tortures which the “ Glorious Fourthenta ils upon the sens itiv e nerv es of a suffering people .

Lest the lines under the title I ch war Jurym ann might bethought to con tain expression s unn ecessarily emphatic , or inel egan tperhaps, it is men tion ed that the poem was suggested and is based

Pennsylv ania-German D ia lect H’ r itings . 1 45

upon the following true in c iden t , beyon d the statemen t of which Ihave nothin g to add in j ustificat ion or apology : T here l ived whereI spen t my childhood a littl e old m an , who in the happy days beforeind ividualism in industrial l i fe was en tirely crushed out by thesp irit of combination in our commercial evolution , earn ed a l ivel ihood in the pursu it of his chosen han d icraft—that of a tailor. Hel ived in the coun try several mil es back of my n ative village andthe demands of fashionable soc iety made no heavy draft upon hisartistic powers , it may be assumed ; but he lived a con ten ted and

useful life con triving wonderful garmen ts for youthful rura l swain sto court and get married in , which were ever afterwards preservedfrom the ravages and corrupt ion of “ moth and rust ” with scru

pulous care and n ever worn again except upon some occas ion of

equal state . I n those days it was a particul arly shiftless and improviden t lout unworthy the name or the station of a househol derwho d id not preserve his “

Hochzig -kl e’

der” to the day of his

death, when they might fulfi l the last importan t function in theirand their own er ’s career, namely that of shroud . I t happen ed byrare chan ce that the under or deputy sheriff stopped at his houseone day to his infin ite aston ishmen t and satisfac tion with a summon s to do j ury duty at the Coun ty Court ten or twelve mil esdistan t . T his was such an unusual even t in the ol d man ’s life ,n ever having happened before , and withal invested him with suchdign ity and importance in his own eyes that he straightway cel ebrated the even t with one of his m ild sprees in which he was w on tto indulge upon every occas ion of excessive feeling , and be devotedthat en tire day to little excursion s between the bottl e in the cup

board and his other dut ies , struttin g about meanwhile with infin iteself-satisfaction before the proud gaze of his admiring spouse andgiving ven t to the con templation of his sudden greatness in the

oft repeated exclamation : “Bin ich awer n et e ’

n donnerwetterser

Jurym ann ! I n after years when I became more familiar w iththe scenes , the characters and the methods of courts of justice myself this remark was often recal led and as often served to givesuitable expression to my own estimate , not on ly of jurors, but of

1 46 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

various other importan t functionaries that figure there , as well asthe sort of j ust ice that , in the language of the Irishman , is d ispensed with

” upon occasion .

“ ’

S Latw erg Koche”

and Der Alt Dengel stock are twoother pictures of the happy con tentmen t and peaceful domesticsimpl ic ity of rustic Penn sylvan ia-German home l ife , wh ich everyone who has ever seen or known it will recogn ize as co inc iden t withhis own experience or observat ion . I had j ust enough of both toqual i fy me to speak by the card on the subj ects dep icted , to w it :the bo il ing of appl ebutter at the part icularly even tful momen t whenit is fin ished as described in the lines

Er is gar : du kann st ’

s net besser treffe ;Henk der Kessel ab , un

’

schoepp’

s in die Hoeffe

Was muss der kl e’ Joe doch die Zung ’raus strecke,Fur der Loeffel um’ der R iihrer ab zuschl ecke.

”

And equally of that second occas ion in the hayfiel d where thevery spot can be po inted out that will be forever linked with the

feel ing and the situation suggested by the other lines

Dort hoert m ’

r laute st imme,

Die Buwe sin am schwimme ,Im Damm wird gebotzel t un

’

gekr ische ;

Un’ dort drunne im Kr ickl e ,

Im Loch un’ er’m Briickl i ,

Wahrhaftig sin sie a’ am fische !”

Whoever has seen a Penn sylvan ia-German home on a prosperouseastern -Penn sylvan ia farm has seen the most perfect and idyllicp ic ture of con ten tmen t

,of man ly independence , of plen ty , of com

fort , of good cheer, of peace of body and of m ind that is to beseen anywhere on the fac e of the g lobe .

Grumbine clearly had the feeling that he was contradicting his own principles when he undertook the translationof Coleridge’s “ Ancient Mariner into the dialect, thoughhe defends himself by stating that the original in the sim

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1 48 T he Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Soc ie ty.

His original poems deserv e higher pra ise than his transl a tions ; the degree in which they appeal to Pennsylv aniaGermans far away from the old roo f tree is illustrated ina letter from R ev . Francis T . Hoov er, a former B erksCountian , pastor o f the Congregational Church at Lockport, N . Y . , and author of Enemies in the Rear,

” etc .I am free to say that few things could hav e giv en memo re pleasure . My copy of the Pennsylv ania Germ an

came with the same ma il , and so I’v e spent two whole ev en

ings and part of the n ights reading the v ernacular of myold B erks County home .

Last ev ening, I read among other p ieces ,‘

I ch war

Jurym ann .

’T o say I laughed is putting it a trifl e mildly .

But say ! How did that ‘donn erwetterser Jurym ann

’

ev er hear o f the gentle keusch Portia ? ” Good i Only alawyer—one who knew all the ins and outs of the donnerwetters Gericht ’—could hav e produced ‘

I ch war Jurymann .

’

“T hen I read Der alt Dengel stock

’ and when I readthe stanza "

S Dengel lied hat g’shtoppt

’ a feeling ofsadn ess came ov er me

,for the p icture o f my old father,

mowing in the meadow in front o f the house , came up before my v ision , and I was carried to the grav e at

‘ EckKerch where he has slep t since 1 864 .

“Next comes S La twerg Koche’ and I confess that

when the eye took in the words ,

Ach ! w ie schn ell vergeht die Jugend’

s Zeit !Gut nacht, zu

’

m Latwerg koche :

a feeling of he’

m -weh took possession of me for a time .“ You hav e done a splendid p iece of work and though

not presuming to b e an expert in the dialect , I believ e yourwork equals that o f Dr . Harbaugh in this department of

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings. 1 49

litera ture . Indeed you hav e tested and prov ed the capabil ities of Pennsylv ania German more fully than the bardof Me rcersburg.

Pro f. Osca r Kuhns, of the department o f Romance languages, Wesleyan Univ ers ity, too thought the poemswould be placed beside Ha rbaugh

’

s Harfe ,” while Pro

fessor Learned, of the Un iv ersity o f Pennsylv ania , r e

ferring to “Der Denge lstock

”( or to the book of that

name ? ) says it belongs to c lassica l dialect poetry and

takes its place alongside o f He‘bel ’s, Schande in’

s or Nadler’s b est .I n 1 903 the essay and poems were published in a hand

some limited ( 300 cop ies ) autograph edition . For The

Rime of T he Ancient Ma riner ” Elbert Hubbard loanedthe cuts and head and ta il pieces which were used in illustrat ing the beautiful Roycroft edition o f the AncientMariner.

1 1 GEORGE MAYS.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or INFORMATION.

Christ Reform ed Church New s.

He idelberg Herald .

H istory of Schaefi erstown . A . S. Brend l e, York, 1 901 .

In terview s w ith the fam ily.Lebanon Cour ier and Report.Mon tgomery T ranscr ipt.Pape rs of the Ph iladelph ia County Med ical Soc iety.Ph ilade lph ia Even ing Bullet in .

Philadelph ia Public Ledg er.Paoceeom os or w e PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN Socrerx.

George Mays , who was born of Pennsylv ania-Germanparents , at Schaefferstown , Pa .

,July 5, 1 836, could not

talk English before he learned it in the public schools .At the Univ ers ity of Pennsylv ania he completed a coursein medicine in 1 86 1 ; entered the a rmy as surgeon ; laterpractised his profession at Lititz until 1 87 1 , when he r e

mov ed to Philadelphia , where he liv ed until his death in1 909 .

Almost ev ery year a fter com ing to Philadelphia he r e

turned to old Schaefi erstown for the summer, and hisgreatest delight was to driv e ov er all the familiar roadsof the adj o ining country .

According to his intimate friend,Dr . Stretch, of Phila

delphia , his dialect productions were written not so muchfor their poetic beauty as ca refully to preserv e in phonet ic

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52 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

Wen schon ebns denkt ich moch si uf

Ken d ier eich sure fer lussa druf.

T ruz dem es is en alte G ’

schicht

So mehn ich doch sis unser PflichtSolche soche fohr zu stelle,For de leit wo

’

s l ehse wel l e.

In many of his v erses he thus goes back to memories o flong ago and places o f local interest . As with so manyo f the Pennsylv ania-German writers

, the churchyard andthe tolling of the bell make strange appeals . In one sel ection he celebrates the waterworks o f Schaefi erstown

Das al l er erseht Werk, vun demMer lese, is in Bethlehem ;Dann kumm t w ie ich hier bem arkDas Schafferstadtel Wasserw erk.

I ch hab des net vum Horesage

Drum kannst du m ir es herzl ich gl aabeDer al te Charter weist es plahnDas Jedermann kann heut noch sehn .

Interesting are the v erses found among his effects inwhich he tells why some Pennsylv ania Germans opposedthe Free School Law . The poem was nev er completed ;I hav e it in three different forms , each with some newstanzas ; but what was to be its final form we can notexactly determine .That the Germans were not a s a body opposed to free

schools any more than the Quakers , notwithstanding manyo f both classes for v arious reasons were opposed to thelaw of 1 834 , is well known ( cf . Dr . Shimm e l

’s a rticle ,

Pennsylv a n ia Germ an . T he Quakers opposed the proposition because, hav ing schools for themselv es, they wereav erse to supporting schools for others ; the Germans be

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings. 1 53

cause the law was enacted in a ccordance with a recom

m endation in the Constitution whereby a law should b eenacted to establish schools where the poor might betaught gratis and they had none o f that cla ss amongst

themselv es .Other reasons o f some Germans a re giv en by Dr . M ays

Will ich bei derWoret bl eiw e

Muss ich eich au des noch schreiwe’

S waar net de Ormur bei de LeitDos Schule raar mocht selle Zeit.

Sie wisse 05 de frei Schul lawDie greift yo ihre Gel dsock au

I n fact ’

s war n 1x os l l'l l ’C GeldOs selli Le it so long z

’

r ick held .

Sell Gsets mocht un ser T oxbil l grossUn ben efit d ie Schtatl eit blosKauft uns ken B lotz n et mol en GaulUnd mocht yusht unser Kinn er foul.

So w aar’

s bi feel i Baure’s Gschw etz

So hen si g’

fuchte geges G ’setz

Un moncher glaubt er w ert gedr icktSo bol mer mohl de fre ischul kr ickt .

(Hort hen sie g’

fuchte geges GsetzUn feel de mehne es ware letzS ich en Lam in g au zu schoffe

Weil es debt F oul enser moche )

On r i gl auw e on i Zwe ifel01 de Lern ing kum t fum T eifel

Um der wo’

n Dorsht for B icher hutWert efters shendl ich ausgeschput .

1 54"

The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Our author did not agree with these notions , as sev eralother discarded or not yet incorporated stanza s show

Uf der Bauere i zu schoffe

Un de E rwet leicht zu mocheDoh helft uns n et des Schul gesets- a

Sel waar of course en dummes g’

schwetz.

’

S gebt heit noch Le it de hases letzUn schteibere sich om Schul g

’

setz

Doch won s n et fer de Schul law wehrKem t moncher n et so schm art do hehr.

Two lines from one of these poems

I n sellem shan e Deitsche Scht ickDes alte Schulhaus an der Kr ick

are interesting as showing that to this writer too Dr . Harbaugh stood as a model and ideal . One of Dr . Mays’

best and most susta ined p ieces is his p icture Der OltMon .

”

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1 56‘

The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

casional letters to all the papers be edited, occasionally apoem and some sp irited translations ; in the dialect he gav ea third lea se o f popularity to the rhymes When the angrypassions gathering in my mother’s face I see ,

” which hadtheir second v ogue in the Hans Breitm '

an form . ForHorne ’s Manual , 3d edition , he wrote a chapter on Zec

chag l awa nu Braucherei” and in 1 904 during his tem

porary retirement he compiled for the Boten D rucker e i

Unser Pennsylv anisch De itscher Ka l enner for the year1 905

—the second almanac ev er issued in the dialect .The Ka l enner conta ins an introduction which expla ins

the appearance o f another almanac amid the multitudeo f those already existing ; he intended it for the thousandsof Pennsylv ania Germans who lov e the beautiful oldspeech and hold it in esteem . He guarantees the accuracyo f his reckoning M er stehn da for dass sie recht isdass die Daga grad so long sin , dass der Moond grad sosei G

’

sicht weist uh v ersteckel t , dass die Sterne grad sol aafa un die F i

'

nschtern isse grad so kumma wies dart steht .”

For each month he has a Gebur tsdag Kal enn er as well asan essay .

“Was no ’s iwr ig Geles a’

geht dart hen mer’s

bescht for eich r ausgsucht . R ezepta wu mer sich drufv er lossa kann ; Bauraspr ich wu aushal ta ; stories wu inter esting sin um wu mer lacha kann dr ivv er bis em derB auch weh dut, un v iel annera Sacha.

” Among the merrytales a re a number of specimens which will find their placein the anecdote book l ong proj ected by the Pennsylv aniaGerman Society .

“ Nau ‘hot der Kal enn er Mann sei kleene Spietsch gemacht . Er prowir t eich all zu pl iesa un hoft , ihr n emm t

sei Ka l enn er so gu t uf dass er’s n eekscht Johr widderkumma dii rf nu alla Johr bis er so alt werd

’

w ie derR edingtauner .

’S war jo a Schand, wann unser Leit net

Pennsylv ania-German D ia lect Wr itings . 1 57

But no continuaihr egen er Ka l enner ufhal ta kennte . ’

tion has ev er appeared .

Noteworthy was Shuler’s contribution to the controv ersy as to how the dialect should be spelled : M erschwetza Deitsch w ie mer’s vun der Mamm i un vum Dadigelernt hen , un mer schr eiwa

’

a ah Deitsch , dass mer’s a rnd

l ich lesa kann des heest ; mer schpe l la’s uf de deitscha

Weg , w ie sich s g’heer t .

”

T he Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Mag azine spoke o f the A lm anac as follow s : “ I t has come to this , that our p eoplewant ev en their weather prognostications and signs o f theZodiac told in Pennsylv ania German , and so the We l tbo te

offi ce has supplied the want. There will b e more consultat ion of it in certa in parts than o f the Church or cosmopolitan newspaper Almanacs .

1 3 . DANIEL M ILLER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER Sour ces or INFORMATION.

B iog raph ica l H istory of Be rks County.

Das Deutsche Elem en t in den Ve re in igten Staaten . Von Bosse,

Interview s and Cor r esponden ce .

Pennsylvan ia Germ an,Vol . I .

Pennsylvan ia Ge rm an,Vo l . V

,1, 46.

Paocsamucs or T HE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN Socrer r .

Reform ed Church Record .

Jede Amerikan ische Zeitung ist froh, wenn sie un ter ihrenM itarbeitern ein Ind ividuum besitzt, das m it der Gabe behaftetist , zur rechten Ze it e in en witzigen Art ikel vom Stapel lassen zu

konnen . Humorist ische Skizzen s ind natur l ich der Lesewelt viellieber als Auszuge aus langwe il igen Pred igten und w ir s ind derLe tzte der sie deshalb tadeln will. Das Leben hat leider so vieleern ste Se iten das s m an j eden w il komm en he issen sollte , der e in emdie Bii rde des Daseins erle ichtert .”

With these words Ka rl Knor tz introduces his chapteron Ameri can Newspaper Humorists . What PeregrinePickle , Bob Burdette , Orpheus C . Kerr, Petroleum V .

Naseby, Max Ade l er and others , who became nationalcharacters , were to the great metropolitan papers , this thePennsylv ania-German-dialect humorists were to the country weeklies , and the best o f them became at least as widelyinfluential as the dialect was known .

A case illustrat ing the commercia l importance of thesel etters is that o f Mr . Daniel M iller, Reading, Pa . In1 869 , he came from Lebanon to Reading, a young printer

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1 60‘

The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

the political influence o f the dialect writings ; this can ,howev er, be more appropriately discussed in connect ionwith another name . (See Rauch . ) These two selectionswere among his earlier compositions . He also gav e me anumber of his v ery latest—which opened a new fi eld in thedialect l iterature .M r . Mi ller was a delegate o f the Reformed Church in

the Un ited States to the World’s M issionary Conferencein Scotland

,in June , 1 9 1 0. After the conference and in

company with his son , he trav eled in Europe for fourmonths . Ev ery week from the time when he left NewYork until his return he had one or two lengthy letters inThe R eform ed Chur ch R ecord

,and ev ery now and then one

o f these was in the dialect ; thus there is one from Zurich,one from Rome . His English lett ers are bald presentations o f the facts o f his j ourney, a chronicle of progresswith the assistance o f Baedecker , but his dialect letters arewritten in a distinctly qua int and simple language , style ,and manner o f one who knows how the Volk thinks andfeels , and are interspersed with many a shrewd satiricodidactic observ ation on life at home and abroad .

T he paper,“The Reformed Church Record ” j ust men

t ioned, was also founded by M r . M iller, twenty-four yea rsago , and in it hav e appeared many articles in the dialectby himself and others . The frequency of these had increased a s Mr . M iller had gradually resigned the businesso f his publishing house to others . T his paper and the

Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Mag azine may be sa id to be theonly two publications now furnishing dialect material , thathav e a more than local reading public . Among otherthings, M r . M ill er wrote for this paper brief b iographical sketches o f the Pennsylv ania-German gov ernors ofPennsylv ania which hav e b een reprinted in his book of

Pennsylv ania-Germa n D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 1 6 1

selected prose and v erse . For this book he wrote almostall the prose port ions himsel f as also he did for a sim ilarcollection published in 1 903 and now in its second edition ;among the few in this first v olume not written by him arean address by Dr . N . C . Schaefler , for the last twentyyears superintendent of public instruction in Pennsylv ania ,deliv ered at a reunion of the Schaeffer fam ily, and a briefhistorical sketch by the late Pro fessor Dubbs , of Lancaster

,Pa . T he book has an English introduction by R ev .

John S. Stahr, D .D . , late president of Frankl in and Marshall College , a m an who can speak with authority on thesubj ect and who assures us that while the selections areo f unequal v alue , they afford, better than anything else , aninsight into the life and character of the Pennsylv ania Germans , their simplicity , their humor, their shrewd commonsense , and their deep feeling and p iety .

T he second v olume follows in part the plan of theformer work , in that it c onta ins selected poems by v a riousauthors and prose articles by M r . M ill er ; in part it isclearly influenced by Horne ’ s Manual b ecause the Pennsylv ania-German gov ernors had already made their ap

pearan ce there, in brief sketches by Conrad Gehring ; alsoin that it conta ins a collect ion of sayings and prov erbs,and a brief list o f differences o f v ocabulary within the dialect but with no attempt to localize them .

Daniel M iller died in Reading , July 30, 1 9 1 3 .

1 4 . WA LT ER JAMES HOFFMAN.

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Journal of Am er ican Folklore, Vol . I and Vol . III.

PROCEEDINGS OF T HE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN Socrer Y, Vol . IV,1 7 1 .

T ransaction s of the Ame r ican Ph i losoph ical Soc ie ty, Vol . XXVI and Vol .

Walter James Hoffman was born at Weida sv ill e , Lehigh County, Pennsylv ania , M ay 30, 1 846. Only the

ma in lines of his busy life can be po inted out . He becamea physician , serv ed in the German army during the FrancoPruss ian war ; and was honored with an iron medal withthe ribbon of non-com batants awarded only to worthy surgeons and Knights o f St . John .

On his return to this country, he was atta ched to an ex

plor ing expedition of the United States a rm y into Nev adaand Arizona in 1 87 1 ; this gav e the final turn to his life ,and his subsequent appointments were determ ined solelyby the Opportunity to make new studies of the Indiantribes . From the organ izat ion

'

of the Bureau o f Ethnology in 1 877 he was associated with it . As an illustrationof his activ ity, the fact is interesting that during the summer of 1 884 , he trav elled m iles among the Indians in the northwestern part of the United States andin British Columb ia . The publications of the Bureau

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1 5. COL . T HOMA S C . ZIMMERMAN.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Berlin T imes, Ber lin,Germany.

B iog raph ical A nnal s of Berks County, Chicago, 1 909.

Carbon County Democrat.Germ an Ame r ican A nnals.H istory of Be rks Coun ty, Mon tgom ery, Ph iladelph ia, 1 8'8‘6L

New York Staats Ze itung .

Olla Podr ida, Book Not ice . Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . IV, 2 69 1.Olla Podr ida, Read ing , Pa .

, 1 893 .

Pennsylvan ia Dutch Handbook, Mauch Chunk, Pa.Penn sylvan ia Germ an , Vol . IV, 2 , 2169 ; Vol . VII, 4, 1 78Personal In terview s and Correspondence .

Phi l ade lph ia Record .

PROCEEDINGS or T HE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN Socuzr r , Vol . III, 1 88Scran ton T r ibune .

Spir i t of Be rks.

T he Lutheran .

Wilkesbar re Record .

In ev ery enumeration of Pennsylv ania-German writersthe name of Col . Thomas C . Zimmerman would demandworthy m ention , as that of the translator o f song frommany lands , and as the author of some dialect prose . Butupon those Pennsylv an ia Germans whose reading is confined chiefly to l iterature in English, Z immerman has aspecial cla im . These he made acqua inted, through excel

1 64

THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOC IETY .

COL. THOMAS C. Z IMMERMAN.

B . LEBANON COUNTY. PA . . J ANUA RY 2 3 . 1 8 3 8 .

D. READING . PA . . NOVEMBER 3 . 1 9 1 4 .

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1 66 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Zimmerman returned to Reading, as the anti-Northernsentiment had become so intense that his life was endan

g er ed.

Here he aga in entered the employ of the R eading Tim es

and the Berks a nd Schuylkil l Jour na l and gradually roseto the posit ion of editor, and co-prop rietor . T his paper—the R eading Tim es— is one of the foremost j ournals inthe state and exer ts a potent influence upon the moral andmaterial dev elopment o f its city, being held, furthermore ,in high estimat ion among political leaders in the state andatWashington .

A brother editor sa id of him : He has a genuine tastefor literature

,poetry, and the fine arts as many of his

articles a ttest . He is one of the ablest writers in the commonwealth .

” One of his most widely publ ished andcop ied production s was a sketch of his v isit to the LurayCav erns in Virginia . On returning home he chose thistheme for an editorial in his paper. I t fell into the handsof the Cav e Company ; the merits o f this insp iration ofthe moment were so appreciated by them that they causedupwards o f cop ies to b e published in pamphletform for general circulation . T he newspap ers o f Richmond, Va . , cop ied thi s article and the fa v or resulted in arequest that Zimmerm an v isit Alabama and write up theundev eloped resources. of that sta te .Very early in life our author began to read poetry for

the intellectual p leasure and profi t it afforded him,

- and atthe age o f eighteen he had already made considerableprogress in a carefully systematized perusal of the wholeline of English poets or of a s many as lay within his reach .

T he instinct of the translator asserted itsel f in marv elousmaturity when he began to make this one of the prominentfeatures of the R eading T im es . Hundreds of translations

Pennsylv a nia -Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 1 67

from the German classics into English appeared fromtime to t ime ; the Saturday issu e of the paper inv ariablyconta in ing a tra nsla tion into English of some Germanpoem

,the original and translation appearing close to

gether in parallel columns .One of his most noted translations from the German,

T he Prussian National B attle Hymn , appeared in the

B er l in Tim es and was fav orably note d . T o the receptionwhich his translation of Luther’ s E in Feste Burg ” wonI cannot do j ustice here . The Wes tl iche Post

,St . Lou is ,

Mi ssouri , a few weeks a ft er its publ ication sa id o f it : So

beautiful is the transl ation that there is already talk of substituting it for the present v ersion in English LutheranHym n Books .”

His transla tion of Schiller’s “Song of the B ell met

with ev en more fav or . Pro f . M arion D. Learned, of theUn iv ers ity o f Pennsylv ania , sa id of it :

“ A masterfulhand is v isible in all the translations . It is perhaps sa feto say that Schill-er’s ‘

Song of the B ell ’ is the most difficult lyrical poem in the German language to render intoEnglish

,with the corresponding meters . Your v ersion

seems to me to excel a l l other English translations o f thepoem , both in sp irit and in rhythm . Especially striking inpoint o f m ov ement is your happy use o f the Engl ish part icipl e in reproducing Schiller

’s fem 1n 1n e rhymes . Yourv ersion , howev er, while closely adhering to the form ofthe original ma inta ins a t the same time dign ity and clea rness o f expression which translators often sacrifice to meetthe demands o f rhythm . Your poet ic instinct has furn ished you the key to this masterp iece o f German song .

”

T he New York Wor ld says : “ M r . Z immerman ’s rendering of Schiller’s ‘

Song of the B ell ’ is a triumph of thetranslator’s art

,and recalls the work of Bayard T aylor .”

1 68 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

The New York Her a ld says : M r . Zimmerman hasplaced his name in the category of famous litterateurs bya v ery creditable translation of Schiller

’s ‘Song of the

B ell .The following ably writ ten criticism is from the pen

o f J . B . Ker, who , while a resident of Scotl and , once stoodfor Parliament .

T o COL. T . C. ZIMMERMAN.

Sir : Having read and studied your noble translation of Schiller ’sSong of the Bell ,

” I have been forc ibly impressed by the musicof the poem . I n estimating the value of the translations of thegreat German poems it is n ecessary to bear in m ind the weightwhich the literary and crit ical consc iousness of Germany attachedto the anc ien t c lassical canons of poetry. T here is no questionhere as to whether the anc ien ts were r ight . T he po in t for us isthat the ir influence was loyal ly acknowledged as of high authorityduring the Augustan age of German Literature . Proof of thiscan be found in Goethe as d ist inc tly as it superabundan tly ap

pears ih Lessing’s famous dramatic notes , where the poetic d ic ta ofAristotle are treated with profound respect . I n the study ofAristotle ’s work on the poetic , nothing is perhaps more strikingthan his d ictum that poetry is imitation with the explanation orenlargemen t so aptly given by Pope in the words

’

T is not en ough, no harshness gives offence ,T he sound must seem or echo to the sen se.

Now, knowing the German recogn ition of the l aw and ac

knowledging its real ization in the works of the lead ing T euton icpoets , one of the c rucial tests of a translation of a great Germanpoem is, Does the language in to which the original is rendered

form an echo to the sense ? I t seems to me that one of thestrongest points in your transl ation of the “ Bell ” is that the wordswhich you have selected and gathered have sounds , which like themusic of a skilful musical composer , convey a sign ification inde

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1 70 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Mr . Zimmerman was also the author o f the oflicia l

Hymn for Reading’s Sesquicentennial , sung by a choruso f 500 v o ices on Penn Common , June 7, 1 898 ; of theHymn for B erks County’s Sesquicentennial , March 1 1 ,

1 902 , and of the M em orial Hymn sung at the dedicationof the McKin l ey Monument in the C ity Pa rk, in the presence of one of the largest audiences ev er assembled inReading .

One of !the proudest achiev ements of Zimmerman ’sj ournalistic career was the erection of a monument toStephen C . Foster at his home in Pittsburgh, which, according to Pittsburgh papers , had its real inception in an edi

tor ia l prepared by Zimmerman for the R eading Tim es

a fter a v isit to that city, during which he found no memorial to perpetuat e the memory of the world’s greatestwriter of negro melodies . The editorial was republishedin the Pittsburgh Pr ess, and endorsed by that paper, whicha lso sta rted a fund to prov ide a su itable memorial andcalled on the public for popular subscriptions , the ultimateresult o f which is seen in the statue which now adornsHighland Park in that city .

Sev eral years ago , thePittsburgh T im es, in a personal no

tice o f Zimmerman ’s v isit to that Park, sa id :“ Out at

H ighland Park yesterday passersby noticed a handsome ,m ilitary-looking gentleman making a minute study ofStephen C . Foster’ s statue . Ev ery feature of this artist ic bit of sculpture , from Foster

’s sp l endid face to UncleNed and the broken string of his banj o , was examined withaffectionate interest . T he man was Col . Thomas C . Zim

merman,editor of the R eading (Pa . )

‘

T im es,and the

statue was the fruition of his fondest wish. Col . Zimmerman has been for many years one o f the staunchest adm ir ers of Foster’s imperishable songs and melodies ; 1 6

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 1 7 1

years ago , while in Pitt sburgh, he v isited the la teMaj . E . A .

Montooth ; he asked the la tt er to show him the monument to Foster, and wa s pa infully surprised to discov erthat no such memoria l existed . Shortly a fter his return toReading he wrote an editorial for his paper calling the at

tention o f the world in genera l and Pittsbu rgh in partienla r to the neglect o f Foster’s memory .

”

After hav ing translated many German poems into English Zimmerman came out in the fall o f 1 876 with atranslat ion in the dialect of Charles C . Moore ’s “

T he

N ight B e fore Christmas .” T his a t once caught the fancyof the press and brought him letters from dist inguishedmen in public life as well as from philologists , urging himto continue to test the compass and fl exibility of the dialectfor metrical expression . Among the former were Hon .

Andrew D . White , ambassador to Germany, Gen . SimonCameron

,of Lincoln ’s Cab inet, and P. F . Rothermel , the

celebrated pa inter, himself a Pennsylv ania German ; andof the latter class Pro f . S. S. Haldem ann and Pro f . M . D .

Learned among others .T he loca l newspapers as a rule expressed their appre

ciat ion of the work by articles in the dialect o f which, asexamples o f l iterary crit icism in the dialect, I include afew specimens here . First the one from Rauch, the

leader of Pennsylv ania-German writers at this time , inwhich he also cit es another paper o f this p eriodRauch ’s Car bon Coun ty D em ocr a t

Der T om Zimmerman , seller os die T imes und Dispatch rous gebtin Reading is ’

n ordl iche gooty bond for Engl ish poetry sht icker

iv v ersetza in Penn sylvan isch Deitsch um doh is en sht ick os imSpirit of Berks ” g

’

stonna hut der w eaga :’Un ser older freind

Zimmerman aver fun der D imes und T ispatch drooker conn ferhoft l ich Engl ische leder in Pennsylvan isch Deitsch gons goot

72 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

ivv ersetza . According zu un ser main ing coom t ar net feel hinnerder badauerta Porra Harbaugh, un wann mer de wohret saw ga

m issa, ar conn , wann mer schw etza w eaga wass mer poetry haisst ,’

m Pit Schw effelbrenner si awga zu schre iwa . Mer m issa owerexpl aina uf

’

m Pit si s ide 03 ar s ich nem ohl s ous gev v a but for’

n

leeder schreiw er tzu s i . Wann ’s awer ons breefa schreiwa comm t

don is der Schw effel brenner als noch der bully kerl !For selly notice dut der Zimmerman seim nochber orrick shaedonka um we il ar der Pit acknowledged os der “ bully ” Deitschbreefa schre iwer wella mer don aw donk shae saw ga .

A second one by Rauch urges our author to follow uphis Christmas poem by a New Year ’s poem

SCHLI F FLETOWN, Yonuaw r der 1 , 1 877.

Mister B rooker : I ch win sch deer nu all dina freind en rale oltfashiondes gl ickl ich Neies Yohr . De wuch hut m ei ol ter freindZimmerman der editor fum Red inger T imes und Dispatch en copyfun se in er T ze itung g

’

schickt m it ma Penn sylvan ia Deitsch sht icklydrin . Es is ’

n ivv ersetzung fun en Eng l isha shtick , un ich musssaw ga os der M r. Zimmerman es ardl ich ferdeihenkert goot gaduhut . Des explain ed now olles w e all d ie feela sorta shpeel sauch

un tzuckersauch har cooma. Now , while der Zimmerman sobully goot is om sht icker shre iwa set ar sich aw draw macha for’

n Nci Yohr ’s Leedly.

A third done by an unknown writer ( in an undated clipping from an unidentified newspaper of apparently the

year 1 877 ) confesses to the encouragement receiv ed totake up similar work, and incidentally rehearses some ofthe diffi culties and discouragements that stood in the wayof the beginnings of dialect literature, particularly in the

decade preceding 1 850

For about finf un zwanzig bis dre iss ig yohr zuruck hen m ir

al semol prow irt Reime zu schreiw e in Pennsylvan isch Deitschawer des einbildisch Menschesshtofft hot j ust dr iiw er gespott so

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1 74 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

hen siv e diction and with it a wider latitude of expression .

A nother poem he translated ,“T he Bonnie George

Campbell ,”has been turned and returned many times

William Motherwell partly comp iled and partly wrote itfor his collection M instrelsy Ancient and Modern ,

”

1 82 7 ; O . L. B“

. Wolff translated it into German ; Longfellow made the German v ersion the basis of his own andthis was used by our author . I cite the second stanza .

Out came his mother Raus kommt sei MutterWeep ing so sadly ; Weine

’

d so herzlich ;Out came his beauteous bride Raus kumm t sei schOne FraaWeeping so madly. Weine

’

d so schmerzlich.

Al l saddl ed , al l bridled All g’

sattl ed ge’

zamm t

Home cam e the saddle , Heem kumm t der SattelBut he n evermore. Doch er n immermehr.

Here is a stanza from Auld Robin Gray .

He hadna been gan e a week but on ly twaWhen my father brake his arm and our cow w as stown awa’

My m ither she fell sick and my Jamie at the sea ,And auld Robin Gray cam e a court ing me.

Er wa r net ’

n Woch aweek ’xcept juscht en paar ,

Wan m ei Fatter brecht sei Arm und die Kuh g’

schtol e war ,

Mei Mutter sie wart krank, und m e i Dschimmy’

s uf em See ,Un mich zu karassiere kumm t der Alt Robin Grey.

another song

T he bairn ie’

s cuddle doon at n ichtWi muckle faucht and dinO try and sleep , ye waukrife rogues ,Your father’s coming in .

”

They never heerd a word I speak,

I try to g ie a froon ;

Pennsylv an ia-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 1 75

My aye I hap them up, an’ cry ,

Oh bairn ies, cuddle doon .

Die Kinner lige hie des nachtsMit Jacht und F echterei ;B row ier und schloft , ihr w ackr ich SchelmEuer Fater kumm t j etzt rei.

S ie hOr ’

e n ef ’

n Wort ’s ich sagI ch guck j etzt has an sie.

Doch r ief ich immer uf und schrei,“Oh, Kinner, legt eich hie .

”

Or, finally from the Greekanthology ;

My Mopsa is little and my Mopsa is brownBut her check is as soft as the peach ’s soft down

,

And for blushing no rose can come n ear her ,I n short, she has woven such n ets roun d my heart ,T hat I n e ’er from my dear l ittle Mopsa can part ,Un less I can find one that’s dearer.

My Mopsy is brau , un m ei Mopsy is klee ,Wie die Woll fun de Persching , ihr Backe so schoUn for blushe

,ke Ros gebt

’

t’

s fr isher isEn Net hot sie g

’

wov e so ganz um m eim Herz ,I ch kann fon m ei Mopsy n imme geh unne Schmerz,Except eane fin ich das besser is.

Other translations that m ight b e mentioned are B abyM ine ,

” “T he Road to Slumb erland,

” George P. Morris’s“When Other Friends are Round T hee ” and B arr y Cornwall’s “

Sing, Ma iden Sing .

I t is not surprising that he is at his best in songs thatare the exp ression of the deep yet simple feelings of theheart and that his translations o f Ol iv er Goldsmith ’sElegy on the Death of a M ad Dog or the anonymousJohn Jenkin ’s Sermon or the “ New Casab ianca hav e

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The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

brought forth many turns which Pennsylv ania Germanswould call ar tificia l ities of their Speech . Some fi fteen o fsuch translations were included by the author in his book“ Olla Podrida ,

”in a rev iew of which work in Germ an

Am er ican A nna ls,Professor Learned , of the Univ ers ity

of Pennsylv ania , recognized Z immerman as belonging tothe school o f Harbaugh and Fischer .Edmund Clarence Stedman

,speaking of these t ransl a

tions,sa id : Your metrical renderings of English v erse

into the local German v ernacular are unique . They hav ea special v alue not only of philolog ical but of curiouspoetic cra ftsmanship . I l ike your sense of the worth ofwhat is right a t hand, and though still fresh is l ikely topass away in t ime

,and of which I may say ‘ pars magna

fuist i .’ I don ’t suppose my old friend Leland—peace to

his wanderings—knew Pennsylv ania German well enoughto hav e written in it . I f so , he is the only man who couldhav e trolled it forth so racily ”—from a priv a te l etter.

( In this he shows he knows whereof he speaks—at anyrate he does not make the m istake o ften made ev en by suchas the A tlan tic Mon thly of taking Leland

’s own languagefor Pennsylv ania German . )Oth er of Zimmerman ’s translations are scattered

through the fi les o f the R eading Tim es a nd D ispa tch, asa re also his infrequent articles in prose—ofwhich the mostfamous a re the letters purporting to pass between “Wilhelm (The Ka iser ) and

“Me i l eew i Grosm ommy

(Queen Victoria ) , in which he rebukes her for allowingherself to be under the influence of Salisbury in the matt erof the Boer War , censures

“Uncle Wales ” (Prince Edward ofWales ) for his gambling procliv it ies, and threatens that he may hav e to take a hand in the war himself .

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1 6. EDWARD HERMANY .

SOURCES or INFORMATION.

Cor respondence w ith a m ember of his fam i ly.

In 1 895 there died in the town where he was bornJacksonv ille , Lehigh County, Pa .

—a curious , eccentric,old bachelor schoolmaster, Edward Hermany ; his l ife covered almost the entire nineteenth century, and during thistime he l iv ed much to himsel f and kept his do ings to hims el f.Up to the time of his death, no human being seems to

hav e known that he had done any work of the kind thathis effects showed—for among the possessions were founda collection of ov er v erses in Pennsylv ania German ,in many of which he has described, often with an almostbruta l frankness , characters only odder than himsel f . Myinformant ( a member o f the family ) tells me that because of this it is perhaps well thes e poems hav e been withheld from publication for upwards of a generation ; thetwenty-four poems in the collection seem to hav e beenwritten between 1 860 and 1 872 .

His brother Charles , engineer o f the celebrated waterworks of Louisv ille, Kentucky, took charge of the manuscripts , intending to publish them ; he had written an In

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Pennsylv ania-German D ia lec t Wr itings . 1 79

troduction on the Pennsylv ania Germans and on the poemsof his brother when death came to him too and the manuscript again found its way back to Jacksonv ille

,Pa . , into

the hands o f another brother .T he poems seem to take in the complete round of life ,

the fi rst one is a metrica l p reface—Furnahahr- the lastone—Lebensm iide—between them are Der Dor raday ihr

Huchdsich,

” “Die Yugge l es Leicht .

”Swerd ev v a so

sy sulla is probably not as optim istic a s it looks . Of hissketches ,

“Die Ol ld Bluddshawl which may be rendered

T he Old Bald-headedWench, Der Ol ld Knucha Fritz,“D"

r Porra T iddle are probably characteristic. D’r

Schtodd Ongle im Boosh is a familia r subj ect . Wiedie Ol l da noch d’r ’Hyo sin

” records a chapter in the

early migration to the West . Another subj ect that lentitsel f to his satire he portrayed in “ Kerch un Shoodl

metsch .

” In more genial v ein he writes Foon d ’rHoyet ,

” “ Fon d’r Ahrn ,” “ Foon Lodwerk Kucha ,

” allwell-worn subj ects o f the dialect writers .

1 7 . MOSES DISSINGER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY .

Ste tzel. A B r ief B iography of Moses D issinger.Miller . Pennsylvan ia German .

I t is not exactly accurate to include Moses Dissingeramong Pennsylv ania-German dialect writers , for he couldnot write at a ll until well adv anced in years and ev enthen he did not write ; but he made use o f the dialect in amanner so peculiarly his own , that many of his utteranceshav e found their way into p rint . Moreov er there wassomething so distinctly Dissing er esque about the stories ,the figures o f speech, the apt illustrations , the phrasesand words that fell from his lips , that they became an oraltradition among those who heard him and this t radit ionalone would deserv e brief ment ion .

Dissinger was a preacher and presumably not the onlyone that used the dialect for his purposes , but he is theonly one so remembered . He belonged to a religious o r

gan ization which believ ed in noisy rev iv al meet ings o f atype that ev en in his day shocked those o f other churcheswho took a more sta id and dignified attitude toward theirreligion . The people of his denomination were designatedby the rather uncomplimenta ry term of

“Strawl er

” and

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strong whiskey flowed and the b iggest bully offered 0p

portun ity for a fight . When at midnight fierce whoopswere hea rd or the rattle o f a stick drawn along the palingfences roused the v illagers from their slumbers , theywould turn ov er in their beds and with a condoning “ Esis widder der Mose ,

” return to their sleep .

I t is no wonder that when Mos e went with the rest o fthe rowdies to a Strawl er

” meeting and “ got religion ,”

folks shook their heads and sagely adv ised a withholdingof j udgment until a fter the next frolic . The ~ doubters,

howev er, were doomed to disappointment . Ev en hiswork with p ick and shov el now was interspersed with loudcalls upon the Div ine Power for grace . His conv ersionhav ing become complete

,he at once manifested a desire

for,and felt the necessity o f, a closer acquaintance with

the Holy Book although he could a t thi s time , wheneighteen years old, neither read nor write . With his ac

customed v igor he applied himself to the task of learninghis letters and in the cours e o f time acquired cons iderableproficiency in German . He now diligently studied hisBible and committed large portions o f it to memory .

In rap id succession he became exhorter, clas s worker,local preacher and, finally, a regularly licensed ministerworking under the direction of the East Pennsylv ania Conference o f the Ev angelical Association ; from 1 854 to 1 879he worked in many circuits of eastern Pennsylv ania . His

followers pro fessed to see something akin to the m iraculous in the change that was wrought in him , and we mayleav e them undisturbed in this belief, but in manner andmethod, in ways and means the old Mose remained ev erthe same , only his a ims were different . As he had beenloudest in his pro fanity, he was now loudest in singinghymns of pra ise and shouting Halleluj ah. After sev en

Pennsylv ania-Germ an Dia l ec t Wr itings. 1 83

teen battles in his youth with the bullies o f his nativ eheath

,in the la st o f which he whipp ed the b iggest one and

won that proud title for himsel f, he made the Dev il hischief protagonist and nev er ceased fighting him while lifelasted .

At times his fighting procliv ities came him in good stead,as on one occasion when a band o f ruffians gathered in therear o f the “

hall in which he was preaching with the av owedpurpose o f breaking up the meeting. Horcht amol , ihrKerls dort hinne ,

”he sa id. An eich is alles Hund was

an e ich is, except die Haut. E ich fehl t juscht noch enHundshaut , dann kent mer sehna was ihr seid . Wann ihrken Menschahaut uf eich het , wisst mer besser was ihrseid . Awer so m ehn t mer noch ihr waer t M'

enscha . I ch

hab net gew isst dass es doh noch so v erfluchta Gadarenerhot . I hr seid so v oll Deife l ass der Gadaren er war .E ich will ich nau saga was ihr zu duh het . Ruhig m isstihr sei, odder ich kumm nunner un schmeiss eich zu derDihr naus , dass ihr die Hels v erbrecht . I ch kann en halbDutzend so Berstel cher , w ie ihr seid, abl eddera . Dis

s inger heess ich ! Um wann ihr m ir ’s n et g l aabt, bleibt

juscht v or der Dihr steh wann die Versamm l ing aus is, nowill ich’s eich bewe isa .

”T hen followed this word of

warning to the rest o f the gathering : Es sin awer ah v ielorndl icha Leit doh , wu kumma sin Gottes Wort zu hera .

E ich will ich rota , eier Se iste l l gut zu v erwahra ; for warmdie De ifel mol aus denna Gadaren er fahra un fahra ineier Sei, so v errecka sie gewiss all .”

At another time Dissinger was actually called upon tolead his followers aga inst a gang o f whiskey-insp iredrowdies who were intent on starting something ” at acam p meeting . Calling to his men to follow, with hishuge strength he seized in turn and slammed to the ground

1 84 The Pennsylv an ia -German Socie ty.

the first three he met, by which time the rest were beatinga hasty retreat .T here was something about him that seemed to priv ilege

him , to enable him to do what others dared not . Ev enthe dogs that in youth h e teased to maddening fury,wagged their ta ils and became calm , when he came outfrom his hiding place and walked up to them . Thus thesinner to whom he gav e a tongue lashing seldom becamehis enemy or bore him a grudge . In this way he obta ineda wide hearing . Endowed with an unusua l degree ofnativ e shrewdness and a rare talent for creating homelyfigures and making ingenious comparisons , his sermonswere not soon forgotten . The withering scorn

,the b itt er

sarcasm,ev en the kindly humor of his language which was

too o ften brutal in its frankness and directness , sometimesev en coars e , brought the curious as well as the dev out toswell his audience . No one ev er doubted his terrible andterrifying earnestness . His words were fa irly burnt intothe m inds o f his auditors . Country Solons around the

stov e at the crossroads store still rehearse his sayings .Preachers v isiting among the country folk still giv e pointto many a story with

“Wie der Dissinger als gsawt hot .

”

I t were worth whil e to make a collection o f these storiesbefore the generation that heard this peculiar Man ofGod passes away .

“Sehnt juscht amol die Sauflodel ah, he was wont to

begin . And if his theories about regeneration and ex

per ien ce are correct, he had a distinct adv antage ov ermany another when preaching on this subj ect . Die hot

der Deifel so erschrecklich v erhaust , dass mer meent siekenta ihr Lebdag nimme zurecht g ebrocht werra . Vieldavun hen net juscht ihr M enschlich Ehrgeefihl fortg

’soffa ,

so dass sie alles Schlechte umDreckige duh kenna , was der

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hundreds o f hearers there was not a dry eye , and thoughlittle inclined to giv e v ent to his own feelings in this way,he sometimes melted to tears when his powerful wordsbrought forth loud Amens and shouts of pra ise amongsthis followers , or b itter crying amongst the penitent .Like hisMaster he brought not peace but a sword where

he saw need of a fight , like Him he was meek and lowly,a rrogating no credit to himself, a scribing all his achiev ements to his God.

During the Civ il Wa r he preached a number o f warsermons , and from a description tha t has come down to uswe get a characteristic p icture of this fighting parson . Hehad been asked to a ss ist , the first sermon was to be short,and then he was to hav e his chance . Whil e the fi rstspeaker was talking about free gov ernment and the dutiesof citizenship , Dissinger at first sat motionless ; then something was sa id of the injustice of slav ery and a tremor wasseen to pass ov er his body ; a s the preacher went on hisfeet began to shufli e backward and forward with increasing rap idity and v iolence—a v eritable warhorse like Job ’swho

“ paweth in the v alley when he smelleth the battlea far off —until the preacher, seeing what was happeningand realizing that Mose was now fully primed, closed hisspeech

,whereupon Dissinger jumped up , clapp ing his

hands and shouting “ God be thanked for the truth, anddeliv ered a most stirring speech .

He undoubtedly rendered the national cause a greats erv ice by exposing and condemning on ev ery su itable occas ion disloyalty and treason of Northerners and the wickedness o f those that sympathize with slav ery . H is feelingwas so intense and his language so v iolent that now , whenthe occasion o f its use has passed by and North and Southa re happily reunited , it does not seem wis e to repeat what

Pennsylv an ia-Germ a n D ia lec t Wr itings . 1 87

he sa id, though in its day it serv ed its purpose and apparently did it well .From 1 879 until his death in 1 883 , he serv ed under the

Kansas Conference of the Ev angelica l Association in

Douglas County, Kansas . T oward the end of his days,he was told that his friends in the East had expressed adesire to see him , whereupon t rue to himsel f and his faith,he is reported to hav e sa id Dann misse sie noch Kansaskumm a odder s ich bereit macha for der H immel .”

A tradition said that he had been prea ching to the I ndians and had been murdered by them , but this was probably only an attempt by those who had been under hisl ash to mete out to him a fter his death a v ery unpoeticj ustice .

THE LATER PERIOD :WRITERSST ILL LIVING .

1 8. EDGAR M . ESHELMAN.

SOURCES or INFORMATION.

Correspondence .

Pennsylvan ia-German Mag azine .

Saw a copy of the Pe nnsylv an ia-Germ an Magazine

at the home of a friend, borrowed it , read it , had manypleasant memories suggested by it and desired to say afew good things about them out of lov e and respect forour people ”—this is the story o f how another Pennsylv an ia German who had wandered away from the old settlements came to giv e us a number of selections in v erse .Edgar Moyer Eshelman was born at T opton

,B erks

County, Pa ., July 1 4 , 1 872 , of stock that had come to this

country before the Rev olution . H is youth was spent inthe Pennsylv ania-German region of the state , but hav ingbecome a bookb inder, his interests took him away, anda fter undertaking work in v arious cities , and serv ice in theHosp ital Corps during the Spanish-American War , he

located at Washington , D . C.,where he is employed in

the Gov ernment Printing Ofli ce .

’

S Neu Fogel Haus ” he wrote because he wished tobe classed as a lov er of birds ; My Alty Ge ik celebrates

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1 90 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Society.

Hen ihr n ix g’

sehna , Buwa, vunMeim alta weissa Gaul ? ”

Jetzt hen s ie g’

l acht ! Deel falla umUn schtehna n et grad uf.

Sie gehn schier doot—dann kresicht mol Ecus ;Ei, Jake , du hokscht jo druf!

The best o f his serious poems Juscht en Deppich

he has written to eulogize one of the lov eliest o f grandmothers of the old-fashioned kind. The fav orite pastime of her later years was the p iecing of qu ilts o f v ariouswell-known designs ; it was a labor of lov e—all of herla rge freundscha ft ’ hav e one or more of her homemadequilts, the m aking of which consumed many precious hours .Nowadays it is considered a waste o f time . I t is a reliefto recall her s imple ways , manners , dress , in contrast w ithmodern showy artificial life . Her needs were few . Conten tm en t was her lot ; her life wa s one o f Christian womanhood and I shall always cherish her memory .

”

’

S is juscht en commoner Deppich—sch !

En Quilt alt Fashion—awer schee .Was scheck ig guckt

’

s ! Die Patches fei’

Die sche ina Schpotjohrsbl et ter zu sei.

Hoscht du d ie Scheeheet schun betrachtVun so ma Deppich, heem gem acht ?

So scheena Placka , gross un klee’

Die F arwa all in Roia schteh ;Drei- un viereckig, lang und karz,En j eder grad am rechta Platz.Alles in Ordnun g zamm a g

’

n eht

Juscht druf zu gucka is en Freed .

Sie hot al s Nama for sie g’hat ;

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 1 9 1

Do is en grosses Eechabl att

En Sunnadeppich lang um breetPaar dansen t Patches zamm a g

’

n eht ,

So darr ich nanner geht der do ,Sel is der Ewig Jager no.

En Bettelmann is ah dabei,Un seller soll Log Cabin sei ;

En Siwaschtern gar wunn erschee ,

En Gansfuss”nu en Backaschtee

Sie hot gemacht en hunnert schier ;Des war der Grandmam ihr Plessier.

Sie hot net juscht an sich gedenkt ;Die ganz F reindschaft hot Sie beschenkt .Wer in die Freindschaft kumm e is,Der muss en Deppich hawa gewiss.Die G randm am sagt : ’

S kumm t handig nei’

Die Kinner missa warem se1

Sie schafft die Schtunna fleissig weg ;

En n itzl ich Lewa, hocher Zweck.Guck mol ihr G ’

sicht , w ie fromm un mildNau, is sel n et en scheenes B ild ?O , halt in Ehr un DankbarkeitSo guta, fleissige , alt-fashioned Leit !

Jetzt is d ie Grandm am n imm ie doh ;

Sacht schl oft sie unner ’m Himm el sblo.

I hr Hand sin nau zur Ruh gebracht ,I hr l etschter Deppich hot Sie g

’

m acht .

I hr Lewa christl ich , herrl ich , siessSo

’

n Seel , die geht in’

s Parad ies.

DR . EZRA GRUMB INE .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or INFORMATION.

B iog r aphical H istory of Lebanon County, Ch icago, 1 904.Cor r espondenc e w ith Dr . Grumb ine .

Die I nshurance B issness. Dramol et. Lebanon . No date .

In te rview s w i th his fr ien ds.

PROCEEDtNGS or T HE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY, Vol .Publications of T he Lebanon Coun ty H istor ical Soc iety.New spaper clipping s.Stor ies of Old Stumpstown , Lebanon , Pa .

, 1 9 1 0.

Dr . Ezra Grumb ine is of the fi fth generation in line ofdescent from Leonhart Krumbein , who came to thiscountry in 1 754 from the Palatinate and settled in Lebanon County—o r what is now Lebanon County, Pennsylv ania . In that same county sev eral branches of the family hav e continued to reside until the present t ime .

Dr . Ezra Grumb ine,the subj ect o f this sketch, was

born in Fredericksburg on February 1 , 1 845, and exceptfor the time spent in the study of medicine and eightmonths ’ soj ourn in England

,France and Germany has

been a resident o f the county . For this reason and es

pecial ly because as a general p ractitioner o f medicine hehas nev er fa iled to giv e his serv ices cheerfully to the un

fortunate who were suffering with bodily a ilments, andbecause he has nev er allowed his own comfort or conv en ience to count when any one thought that he could be

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1 94 The Pennsylv an ia-German Society.

sor o f English at the Univ ersity of Wooster, Ohio , haspublished a small v olume of poetry . Dr . Grumbine

’s own

effort s began when he was about fourteen years of agewith amatoryv erses for his fellow pup ils in school . Amongthe earliest of his dialect poems is one I ch wot ich waeren Bauer which

,like Henninger’ s later song “

Des Fahrain der T ra in ” was written to the tune of M ichael Schn eider’s Party.

”Grumbin e

’s poem has been sung to the ac

compan im ent of the parlor organ at social gatherings onthe Swata ra , on the Quittaphil l a and on the Tulpehocken .

Others o f his compositions hav e been recited at rural spelling schools , and debating societies all ov er eastern Pennsylv an ia . It appears also in the papers of other countiesthan his own—in the R eading T im es

,in theManch Chunk

Democr a t,etc . ; Rauch (Pit Schweffelbrenner ) pro

noun ced his’S Unnersht

’S E v ersht Landt ” a “ gem .

”

More than one o f his product ions hav e attracted the at

tention of the metropol itan press , including the Philade l

phia I nquir er and the New York R ecorder,which latter

published his Kl ag-lied ” with three English v ersions .B efore the Pennsylv ania-German Society, of which or

gan izat ion he was one of the founders , he read a poemDer Prahlhans —facetiously named An epic of 1 8 1 2 .

I t tell s the story, based on fact , of a cert ain well-knowncharacter who

,when forces were being ra ised for the de

fense of Baltimore during theWar of 1 8 1 2 , a imed singlehanded to put t he entire B ritish army to rout, but be forehe got within a hundred m iles o f the enemy decided it wassa fer at home .As to the quality o f his v erse , he has disarmed criticism

by the story he tells of the thirty-cent machine he boughton which he turns it out . Yet his modesty at this po intmust not b e taken too seriously—he does not v enture be

Pennsylv ania-German D ia lect Wr iting s . 1 95

yond the proper range o f subj ects for dia lect v erse andthere is little that could be designated a rt ificial . The following stanza for instance , from En Gluck v oll Biepl in—in which a Pennsylv ania-German boy goes to see then ewly hatched chicks , cop ies only nature :

Gluck Gluck, Gluck Gluck ! do l iewer Grund !Was biescht du doch so bees !

Efal t igs dhier ! I ch hab jo garNix gega dich, Gott weess !

Much of his v ers e is“

parody—but not a lways pureparody. H is “ Mary and Her Little Lamb ”

is a satireon some facts in our educational system . Others are v ersions, either translations as of Nadler

’s ’S bott all es n ix

or approaching t ranslations as Ralph Hoyt ’s “A Worldfor Sale ” which he h as rendered in masterful style .

0, yes ! O , yes ! Now harcht amol ,Un kommt jetz bei, ihr l iewe Leit,

I hr al l wu wolfel kawfa wolltKommt bei, for do is Fendu heit !

Die Welt is uf m it Schl echts un Goots,

Der Groyer nemm t ke fal sch Gabut,Die Welt muss fort , sie w erdt ferkawft ,

Mit Gl iick un E l endt , Ehr un Schpott !

One of his tenderest poems , Der Alt Busch Doktor,suggested by one o fWill Carleton ’s , might b e interpretedas a sort of commenta ry on his own life . Ev en here , a tthis saddest of scenes , the funeral o f the good old doctorwho has helped so many, and was always willing, hisplayful satire crops out in a t least one stanza

Aer cured en moncher PatientUn stell t ihn richtig haer,Don wor

’

s yo Gottes Wille

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Um der Herr der g r ickt de Ehr !Is ’

n G ronkes awer g’

schtorwa

Un der Doat gawinn t der FechtDon blam ed mer evva der DokterUn shel l t ihn dumm un schlecht.

A Republ ican by party allegiance , he did not fa il to seethe humorous contrast b etween T eddy’s great noise before , and his great silence a fter the last election and he hasincorporated his thoughts in two poems “ B efore and“A fter ” in the meter of Longfellow ’s “ Excelsior . I tshould b e mentioned that in his Stories o f Old Stumpstown (Lebanon County H istorica l Society Publica tions,Vol . V, No . 5) he has p reserv ed some Pennsylv ania-German political rhymes from the time when Buchanan wasrunning for the presidency.

As one of the organizers and an enthusiastic membero f The Lebanon County Historical Society, he has prepared for its publications a monograph on the “ Folkloreand Superstitions B eliefs of Lebanon County

”(Vol . I I I ,

No . As a trusted physician he has had rare opportun ities to get close to the Volk and to learn what theybeliev e in their heart . In this same monograph he has acollection o f prov erbs and sayings , conta ining a numberthat hav e been nowhere else recorded ; and some countingout rhymes .Yet perhaps his most important work as a writer is tha t

in which he has engaged for the last fi fteen years—thewriting o f the l etters—fi rst for the Leba non R epor t ( atone time owned by his brother Lee Light Grumb ine ) andlater upon the death of “

Der Alt Schulrn eeschter ”( J. J .

Light ) for the Lebanon Da ily a nd Sem iweekly News

(widely copied by other papers ) ov er the signature Hon .

Wendell Kitzm il l er ;'

in these letters he has been engaged

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contribution , yet he was from that t ime on Der Ol dt

Kitzmiller ” and “Der fersuffa Kitzmiller ” “Now so

long as ich' bully gut bezahlt hob won sie rum sin for collecta do waescht war ich der ‘ Bruder Kitzmiller des warB ruder hie un B ruder haer, un won ich ah don um won ufen souf spree bin komma ,—do is n ix g

’

sawd worra , solong a s ich tzu da dootzend un drei dinga batzaw l t hobas m ir de awga iv v er g

’luffa sin .

” He makes merry atthe expense of the prea chers and their attempts to expla indifli cul t passages of Scripture .

His contribution to academic lore may fitly close theseries o f illustrations . Along with satire on extrav agan

cies in rel igious practice , this may be sa id to constitute , forthe folk o f which we are writing, the higher criticism o fsocial conditions . The Pennsylv ania Germans sent theirsons in great numbers to college . When thes e not infrequently

,at the end of the year, came back with long

ha ir and idyllic notions o f l oafing under shady trees whilefather and mother, and younger brothers and sisters didthe work , but were ev er ready with suggestions as to howthings should be done , and were full o f superfi cial knowledge o f the causes of things and ev er willing to a ir the

same, the satirist had a proper subjeot for work . T hereare extant no end of stories o f farmer boys who thuscame home and had not only forgotten to work , but hadev en forgotten the name of the commonest tools and impl ements , etc . While these conditions prev a iled perhaps toan equal degree in other American rural communities , yetthere is this difference, the Pennsylv ania-German satiriststayed at home and labored among his own people, andso his satire strikes home .

He heads his article as follows : Wendell Kitzmillergoes on the new trolley road from Lebanon to Schaeffers

Pennsylv a nia-Germ an D ia lect Wr itings . 1 99

town . I t was a balky car—a college man explains ohms ,v olts , m icrobes and fev erbugs. (T his wil l at the sametime Show where the dialect stands in relation to a seient ific and technical v ocabulary . ) Suddenly the car stopp ed .

Es het aw n em ond ous g’funn a was de oor ’sach war fun

der ba lker ei won net ’n dakol l etschter Karl druf waer

g’

west uf’

m car . Well , benyah , aer hut g’sawd, secht

er ‘

So weit a s ich sa ena konn sin ’s die—en twedders deohms odder de v olts ’ Was sin sell ’ hut ’

n oldte r Schaefferschtedtl er Shoolm aeschter g

’

frog t OS uf’

m ham eweg warfum a Deestr ick I n stitoot .

‘Wy de ohms un de v o lts sindinga OS uf de same waeg schoffa . Waescht sie kumm e

in die wires ne i ol l agabut , un dort shpeel a sie der Deifel

m onn ich mol . Note gehts wa s mer en resistance baest,ebbes as es ding fershtuppt , uf

’u waeg as we’n lot obla die

Schn itzkr ickWasserpeifa ferschtuppt hen ,saen dir ? Of

cours e die ohms sin net so gross as w ie en ohl awv er sie

gucka schier so , juscht feel g l enner so selle waeg . Sie Sin“

so gla a s w ie Mikrobes, die g l aen e Keffer, die fev er bugs ,waescht , woos t itefut fev er mache un n ewm ony nu en

g’

schl eer (uf em Baer tzel ) un so . Of course , ich selwer

hob n ie kenny g’

saena . M’

r kon Sie net saen a oony so’n rohr , en te l lyscope Oder n itroschOpe , w ie m

’r secht .

I ch waes die hocha wordta n immy recht . I ch hob so esm enscht football g

’shteert .

’ ‘

Un is sell now die oorsach ’

hut der Chim Kichman g’frogt .

‘Wy sell is or r ig in

teresting so ebbes tsu w issa . Well now .

’

Ev en in the latest social discussions, Grumbin e’s play

fully serious note may be hea rd . T he present writer r ecalls an incident o f last summer, when certa in classes werev ery anxious to know whether the daught er o f on e of ourex-Presidents indulged in cigarettes . I n answer our authorpresented us with an amusing skit o f a Woman ’s Club

200 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

M eeting embodying resolutions offered by the pros andthe cons in fav or o f and against twenty-cent women ’s clubsm inding their own and other people’s business .His true catholicity of opinion appears in sayings like

that to Sara Jane , M'

er kon ebm ol s l erna ev en funSchtadtl eit , un ev en fun Leit wu mer m ehn t sin nuchdummer wie die Hawsa Barr icker . His writings ar e afa ithful reflex of op inions he has found to prev a il , of belie fs and customs he knows thoroughly

,and from this

homely philosophy might b e culled many a prov erb andold saw which he has all unconsciously interwov en into hisstories without ev en hav ing incorporated them in the collection he has made . He has frequently been urged byhis friends to publish a collection of his letters in bookform , as sev eral other writers of such literature hav e done ,but he still stands aloo f .Finally, he has written a littl e play, Die I nshuran ce

Business,” that has been on the boards in many a town

hall or crossroads schoolhouse .

A winter ev en ing scene in a country farm house presents the old fa rmer, pla iting a corn husk mat and discussing the price o f farm products and the disposal o f ther eceipts of the day’s sale . Mother wants them for a newdress for the daughter who has a bean , the sons insist theyneed new books for school—a neighbor—one who has amortgage on their fa rm—drops in and the old folks agreethat the old tim es were best , when in the schools all learnedreading, while those who wanted to study writing andarithmetic could do so with no consequent humiliation forthose who stopped

'

at reading . In those days whiskeywas cheap and there was no talk o f putting it away by v ote .Granny has a heavy cold and talks chiefly about her health .

One by one, Granny and the youngsters are packed off to

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202 The Pennsylv ania -German Socie ty.

Thus ends what is the only or ig ina l play in the dialect,one that

,with the exception of the near-t ragic element of

the plot—which I am inclined to doubt—is, from beginningto end, replete with p ictures from the l ife o f the folk, thefa ithfulness o f which no one who knows a Pennsylv aniaGerman fa rmhouse would presume to deny .

A S this v olume is going to press Dr . Grumb ine has issued a v olume entitled Der Prahlhans about one hal fo f which consists o f Pennsylv ania-German Dialect selections . T he present writer has not yet had an opportunityto see the work . T he following paragraph is taken froman adv ertis ing circula r that has come into his hands .

DER KAISER UN DE R TEUFEL .

This is the titl e o f one o f the eighty-four longer andshorter poems conta ined in Dr . E . Grumbin e

’

s new book,“DER PRAHL—HANS,

” j ust issued from the press . I tis written partly in the Pennsylv ania German dialect

(Wendell Kitzm iller’ s v ernacular ) , and partly in English,

and it com prises poems of sentiment , of humor and of hatefor the Ka iser of Prussia .

20. T HOMA S H . HARTER .

SOURCES or INFORMATION.

Correspondence.

Pennsylvan ia-German Magazine .

Boonastie l , Har ter , 1 904 and 1 906.

Keystone Gazette .

Middleburgh Post.

Just a s in the last generation , Peregrine Pickle , Petroleum V. Na seby, Max A del er and others , and in our ownday George Ade and M r . Dooley fi rst wrote sketches fortheir resp ectiv e newspapers , next were pa id the compliment of being cop ied by other papers and finally were encouraged to issue their productions in book form

' —so dida number o f Pennsylv ania-German writers come to bepublishers o f works in the dialect . One such Pennsylv ania-German dialect writer is Thoma s H . Hart er, ofB elle fonte

,Center County, Pa . , and his book,

“Boonas

tiel,” named from “ Gottlieb' Boonastiel

”the pseudonym

of the author , is about to appea r in its third edition , twoeditions o f cop ies each of the years 1 904 and 1 906

hav ing been sold.

In a ddition to this , the entire book is appearing, letterby letter, in Ha t t er

’ s paper, the Keystone Gaze tte, sinceJune o f this year, the author hav ing yielded to the pressure ofhis readers, who , if they could not hav e new letters ,

203

204 The Pennsylv ania -German Socie ty.

wanted the old ones ov er aga in , many of which, hav ingbeen written a quarter of a century ago , are really new tothose of his readers who do not possess the book . Be

s ides this , no less tha n twenty-fiv e newspapers in Pennsylv ania and Ohio , hav ing wished to giv e their readers thesame articles , entered into negotiations with the authorfor

'

copyr ight priv ileges—to all o f which Harter has giv enthe same free o f charge , while a s many more papers ,cutting off the head and ta il to disguise them and escape det ect ion , are publishing the same clandestinely without theconsent of the author.This popularity o f the work is, of course , due to the

complete ins ide knowledge , which the author possesses, ofthe character of the people whose peculiarities and eccen

tr icit ies he describes ; how he comes by this knowledge isapparent ; he was born on a farm near Aaronsburg, Center County

,Pa . , May 2 8, 1 854 , the elev enth child of a

family of eight boys and four girls . Until fi fteen yearsof age , he worked on the fa rm ; up to the age of twelv e hecould neither Speak nor understand English ; when he wasfi fteen his father mov ed to the small town and then thesubj ect o f this sketch attended school in winter and wassent to work on the farm during the summer .Sent to Ohio to l earn the tanner’s trade , he sav ed

enough money to enable him to attend the Sm ithv ille ,Ohio , Normal School for two terms . After this he t e

tu rned to his home in 1 872 and learned the printer’s trade

in the offi ce of the Cen ter Ha l l R epor ter ; it was duringthis time that he read all o f Shakespeare with his m other,translating it into the dialect for her as he proceeded .

Two term s a t an Academy (Spring M ills ) and then in1 876, May 1 , at the ag e of twenty-two he started out forhimself as editor and owner o f the Nev ada (Ohio ) E u

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206 The Pennsylv ania -German Socie ty.

has come for a distinction between letters and letters , ando f thos e which, and deserv edl y, will surv iv e is this v olumeof mild sat ire . Priv ileged to t ell pla in and disagreeabletruths to his own people

,and being guaranteed an audience

b ecause he continued to lov e them ev en when he chastenedthem , he has already accomplished the two purposes heav ows in the preface to his book : ( 1 ) T o assist in per

petuating the memory of the Pennsylv ania Germans , and

( 2 ) by the com b inat ion of fun and philosophy, character ist ic of the language, to correct the wrong and strengthenthe right, to stimulat e noble thought and action and leadto honor, happ iness and success.

This,howev er, must not make us forget the other s ide

o f the book, the joy of reminiscence it giv es to largenumbers of Pennsylv an ia Germans who hav e le ft thefarm for serv ice in other fi elds . In this. connection threeletters receiv ed by Harter m ay be cited : the sincer ity o fthe ir tone can hardly be denied ; they produce the conv iction that they were written because the writers had acerta in feelin g about the book which they were impelled tocommunicate to the author . T he first one reads : I t isan undoubted fact that when two or three Pennsylv aniaDutch assemble together socially, they can get more funto the square inch reading your ‘

Boon astiel’ than any

other book published in America .

'Many of your p iecesca rry me back to my boyhood days , to the old farm in

Somerset County, and forcibly recall the old fashions andpeculiar expressions and phrases which I had not heard forthe la st forty-fiv e years . You bring them back into lifewith the old familiar sound and j ingle . I t seems marv elon s that you can weav e them all into your stories andspell them that any one can pronounce them . You certain ly deserv e great credit for thus preserv ing our mother

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings . 207

tongue and perpetuating the memory of our sturdy an

cestry.

”T his is from a letter from H . J . M iller, an at

torney in Pittsburgh , Pa .

T he next comes from Washington : T o say that I amdelighted would not express one tenth of my adm irationand appreciation of the work . In perusing its pages sofull o f genu ine humor and expressed in the true v ern acular o f the old-fashioned farmer, I can sca rcely realize thata generation has come and gone the way o f all the liv ingsince I was familia r with this p eculia r dialect . Well doI remember the time when I did not know the English

name o f that handy littl e tool—nogel bore ( gimlet )used by my father i-n plying the coop er’s trade ; hence youcan v ery readily perceiv e the t ender chord o f mem oryyour book has so fondly touched . I t recalls to memorythe j oyful days of youth and the happy years spent on theold farm a fter the manner o f the good old song in Den

man Thompson ’s impressiv e play “The Old Homestead

T ake m e back to the days when the old red cradle rocked ,In the sunshine of years that have fled,

T o the good old trusty days when the door was n ever locked ,And we j udged our n eighbor’s truth by what he said .

This was written April 2 2 , 1 905, by Samuel Beight , thenFirst Assist ant Postmaster Gen eral o f the United States .The third is from a former neighbor of my own . After

saying of the book “ It touches more phases of life amongthe Pennsylv ania Germans than any collection that I hav eseen ,

”he goes on to say : Geshter Owet bin ich aw mohl

draw kumm e de i buch zu lese un hob gelocht bis mer derbauch wae gedoo hut . Du conshts gaw iss net fer l aigl ad'os du uff der bowerei uff ga'brocht b isht worra . A n ich

ebber dare shr iv a konn fum barfoosich boo dos shpote

208 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

yohrs de gile holt won olles wise is m it rife un joompt

g’

schwin t hee woo der gowl ge l aega hut fer si fees tsuwaerma , dare wore shunt dabei .

” It is by Marcus B .

Lambert, tea cher of German in the Boys’ High School o fBrooklyn , N . Y .

By admitting at the outset, what he says some av ow ofhim ,

“I ch ware net recht g

’

scheit” Harter ga ins for

himsel f the priv il eges of the ol d-tim e Court fool , o f

sp eaking the truth with impunity . In this way he doesnot bring down upon himself the wrath of good countrywomen as Wa shington Irv ing is sa id to hav e done in the

case o f the good Dutch Dames of New York, by his description of their manner o f housekeeping.

By attributing the s ins of the party to which the authorand his newspaper did not belong to his own party, heav oided arousing political animosities .Christian Science—Der Christian Science Duckter ;

Woman Suffrage—De We ibsl eit in Polit ics ; Prohibition ;Social Science ; Die Schuld Os Leit awrum sin ; Fashions ;Die Unv erstenn icha Fashions ; these a re among the sub

jects of his reflections , a ll phases of human life come underhis cons ideration— from an article De Menscha un deMonkeys , through all the experiences o f boyhood andgirlhood, until the question comes up

“Wie kann ich’sbesht Laewa m aucha

” then presently he goes “ Karesseera and then arise the questions “Ware sull ich Hira ,”“Ware sull de Priscilla Hire ” and so on through marriage(Onera Huchtzich ) to death (Onera Leicht ) and the

grav e (Uf em Karr ichhofe ) .

Sometimes he tells an old tale R ip v an Winkleor giv es us a new v ersion of an old one—“

Der BuschHoond un der C ity Hoond

” or Der Asel in der GilesHowd .

” One, the De College Boov a ( referred to in

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2 1 . M ILTON C . HENNINGER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or I NEORMAr roN.

Matthew s and Hung e rford. H istory of Carbon and Leh igh Counties.Smul l

’s Leg islat ive Handbook of Pennsylvan ia.

Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . II . Dan ie l Miller, Read ing , Pa.Personal in terviews and correspondence .

In the spring of 1 874 the senior clas s of Muhl enbergCollege elected M ilton C . Henninger to recite a Pennsylv ania-German poem at its class-day exercises : be elected tocompose one himself, and this production , happ ily adaptedas it is to the tune o f M ichael Schneider’s Party

,soon

became, a s it has continued to b e, the most popula r songev er written in the dialect.From the w indows of his room at college were v isible

for a stretch of about a mil e the tracks of two railroadson either side of the Lehigh R iv er and the two stations atAllentown ; the time schedule on each road brought a passenger tra in in at the precis e moment, in the a fternoon, when the students were returning from their lasthour’ s recitation , and they presently perceiv ed or thoughtthey were witnessing a race taking place before their eyeseach day ; and so it came that they often watched whichtra in should w in that day by getting into the station fi rst .In this fashion Henninger came by his subj ect—De s Fabrein der T ra in, or the delights o f trav elling by steam , and

2 1 0

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2 1 2 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

So war der schte il in oltr ze it ,’

S lawia w ar ken schond,

Wos is mer 013 do he gadopped,Sel is eich gut bakond.

’

S is n imma so in unsera zeit’

S fahrt j eder won er konUnd waer gor n imme l awfa dutDer is der gentl emon .

And so on through nine more stanza s in which he describes the iron hors e, tell s of the numerous classes o fpeople one sees in the tra in , describes the disadv antages o ftrav el in this fashion , especially the danger of accidents,but finally aga in decides in fav or of the steam

So gaet des faw ra in der train ,I ch haes es orrig schae,

Mer grickt ken kOpweh fun de hitzUn aw ken schteifa bae, etc .

There is no schoolhouse in German Pennsylv ania , inwhich this poem has not been sung at an enterta inment orat a meeting of speaking school ,

”the boys of a dozen

colleges in eastern Pennsylv ania hav e sung it in glee ; manyyears a fter its composition the author, when state senator,trav elled in northwestern Pennsylv ania and heard it sungby logging tra ins in the lumber regions of the state ; it hasev en been intimated that the composition has been rendered by Church choirs , and the name of at least onechurch was whispered where it was so sung, but be thetruth of the matter what it may

,one would rather think

this an ortsnecker ei,” a imed at some out-of-the-way

settlement .More than ordinary attention is due to this song for a

double reason : not only did the theme kindl e the imagina

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings. 2 1 3

tion of a Pennsylv ania-German writer who communicatedhis enthusiasm to Pennsylv ania Germans in general , butalso the subj ect itself has in like manner appealed to dialect writers and their readers a t a ll times ; the followinginstances which date back a generation earlier than oursmay be noted

Un terredung eines oberschwabischen Bauern m it seinem Pferd ,w elches Han s heisst, betreffend die E isenbahnangel ehenheit . Von

Wilhelm Wickel . Selbstverlag. 1 843 . 8. 88.

Der Vespertrunk im schwarzen Adler zu Kl atschausen OderHans JOrg Peter und Frieder im Gesprach fiber die

,

Wurtem

berg ischen E isenbahnangelegenheiten . Schw'

abische Dorfszene vonJakob Daiss und Karl Siegber t , genann t Barbarossa. BObl ingen ,

J . G. F. Landbeck 1 843 . 8 1 0 S .

Motto : Bald braucht m er koine Rossle mai,Koin Waga und koin Schlitta !Jatzt spann t m er Dampf in d

’ Kessel ei,Und so w erds fut scha g

’

r itta !

Very like our song .

Die Eisenbahn frage im Kn ittelversen , besprochen zwischeneinem Schullehrer, einem Barbier und zwei -Bauern

,die im ROssl e

am runden T ische saszen . T eutl ingen , J. J . Beck 1 843 8 1 5 S .

Der Bauer auf der Eisenbahn . Ein heiteres Ged icht inschw éibischer Mundart v on e in em F ilderbauern . (Pseudonyme ,Verfasser : Blasius S turmwind ) S tuttgart, zu haben bei C.

Hetschel . 8 8 S .Die Ankun ft des ersten Neckardampsschiffbootes in Heilbronn

in Dezember 1 84 1 . Von Wilhelm Wickel . S tuttgart . ( Selbstverlag ) 8 1 6 S .

From Frederich Richter a simila r stra in may be cited

Moi, uf der E isebah

Do goht es schn ell vura ,

2 1 4 The Pennsylv ania-Germ an Society.

Und m a sitzt pracht ig drauf,Do hot es jo sein lauf.

Ko in e Ross spann t ma naUf dener E isebah’

S Fuier isch, was es tre ibt,Das ma net sitza bleibt.

Das isch a wissenschaftHot iich der Dampf a KraftRuf uf dia Eisabah.

Do geht es schnell fura.

Some passages from the famous German song Der

Goisbock an der E isebah ” might likewise be compared .

While our writer, as shown abov e , is not a fraid to remindthe ol d folks that some things a re better now than in the

olden times , yet he does not wholly approv e o f the pleasures of these days , not ably not those which are now soughtin the city ; this is shown in a subsequent song

“Die Sing

schul im Lond .

”

Die j unga leit in unsra zeitHen ar r ig feel plessier

Die Meed die danza dag un nachtDie Buwa drinke bier.

Es karta schpiel a macht viel GschpassUns flirta m it de MeedDes is de Fun vun C ity leitDie heesa sie first rate .

For m ei Deel ich geh net m it nei.

Geb m ir d ie Land Sin gschul .Dart geht mer hie fer scheena GschpassUn fol l igt aw der rule ,

continuing, he describes the old institution , and thereuponconcludes w ith

Die Singschul a im Lond sag ichDie sin m ei greeschta Freed

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2 2 . E LI KELLER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Deutscher Kirchenfreund, 1 848~ 1 8150t

Frie densbote , A llentown , Pa.Hausfreund .

Pennsylv an ia Dutchman, Lancaster, Pa .

Pennsylvan ia Ge rman .

Pennsylvan ia German, Vol . VII, 4, 1 78.

Personal interv iew .

PROCEEDINGS or THE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY,Unse r Pennsylvan isch Deutscher K a lenner , 1 895.

R ev . Dr . E l i Keller, of Allentown , was a merry farmerboy who became a preacher, and has rema ined the latter,with certa in characteristics o f the former, to this day ; bornin Northampton County, near Nazareth, in 1 82 5, beforePennsylv ania had a free school system, his chances for aneducation were small ; by the time the system came , howev er, he had made suffi cien t progress in his studies to teacha country school for sev eral years ; a fter this he attendedM arshall College , at M ercersburg, Pa . , mov ed with the

College to Lancaster when it was united with Frankl inCollege , and a fterwards returned to the Seminary at M ercersburg to complete his theological s tudies . At Lanca ster he made the acqua intance and formed a lifelongfriendship with Henry Harbaugh, who had, howev er , atthat time not yet dev eloped into a dialect writer .

2 1 6

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 2 1 7

His ministerial work began in Ohio, in 1 856 . At firSthe preached in Engl ish and German , but in Ohio the German sermon fell into partia l disuse sooner than in Pennsylv ania ; during the last part o f his eighteen yea rs

’ stay inOhio

'

he was required to preach in English only and withthis he began to long for the old home surroundings ; in1 874 the way was opened to him to come back and fromthat time until his retirement in 1 901 ( twenty-sev en years )he m inistered to two , three and finally four congregations ,himself superadding the work invo lv ed in the two addit ional congregations . ThiI S be frequently had to driv etwenty-fiv e m iles on a Single Sunday to meet three congre

gations. But these labors , his outdoor life and his association with the people he lov ed hav e kept him young inspirit ev en a s the years adv anced.

Many of his poems a re, therefore , sermonettes , p icturesfrom na ture with the lesson the preacher draws from it .

Such an one is the example already known to ProfessorLea rned when he was studying the phonology of thedialect ; it is entitled

“Der Keschtabaam

”; in 1 3 four

v erse stanzas of acatalectic iambic lines o f sev en beats heexpresses his delight in the beauties o f the tree , not soearly to bloom a s the willow or maple, not so speedy tobring forth its fruits as the cherry, the umbrageous chestnut tree

,which , ev en a fter the nut is fully ripe , mus t wa it

for the Keschta Schtarm to put it within our reach .

Der Keschtabaam vun alle Beem halt ich m er fer der schenscht ,Wann du net ah so denka kannscht , glaab ich net dass du’

n

kennscht .

Mit seina Blatter, Bl iet , nu Frucht is er net in der E ilWas ebbes rechtes werra will , nemm t imm er

’

n gute Weil.

When the tree at last is cov ered with its fragrant goldentassels about which bees in swarms gather,

2 1 8 The Pennsylv ania-German Soc iety.

’

S is en Genuss, gewiss ich leb , for Aage , Nas nu Ohr ,Nix kenn t mer schenner , besser sei im gansa liewa yohr .

He who with patience has wa ited for the Keschta

Schtarm will hav e no trouble in getting the ruddy fruit :

Geduld is doch en grosse Sach, sie schpart uns Not nu MihWer ohn e sie sei Glick versucht, der finn

’

t’

s doch werkl ich n ie.

”

The lessons are endless

Guck mol so’

n Boll gen auer ah , w ie wunnerbarl ich schee !I nw enn ig zart w ie K isse schtofft ausw enn ig Schtachl e , zah,

Was is des doch en unn erschied, beinanner ah so d icht,’

S gebt viel zu lerna iwweral l , vum beschta unnerr icht .

Nor does he forget the carefree time when he played inits Shade , weav ing belt and wreath of the leav es andflowers

I ch schteck m er Blatter an die Bruscht , nu Bl immcher uf derHut

Un denk dabei in siesser Luscht , Was haw ich’s doch so gut.

In another poem he describes his sallying out, a boy inthe springtime , to find the slender shoot of the chestnuttree just when the sap begins to rise to make “

Keschta

Peiffe .

”

Was peifft doch nau des ding so schee !Ken Orgel kenn t yo schenner geh ;T ut , ta-ta, te te , t i t i, t iDes b iet die Vegel un d ie—KuhYa Keschta Peiffe fer ihr GeldB ieten alle peiffe in der Welt.

Mer wolla Fischa Geh,” “ Es Glatt E is Fahre are

others in which he rev els in the pastimes of youth . Onlyon e who has had the experience of a boy for the first time

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2 20 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

Ken Strumpche ah , ken Hemm she , un ken Keppche n et ,

Ja streck d ich mol ! Wunscht gel das dich der Guguck het ?E i was ’n G ’

sicht , un was’

n g rosse scht imm !Du denkscht , ich reib zu hart, un mach

’s zu schlimmSO muss ’s se i , ich hab so E rwet gut gelern tMit so bissche Gschpass werd m er net grad v erzern t .

Guck, Mutter, guck ! do bring ich deer en Mann

So klee, un schee as mer juscht denke kann !

For a Pennsylv ania-German Kal enn er which he editedin 1 885 he wrote a longer poem

‘ in ten parts entitled VumFl achsbaue .

”This is a v eritable ep ic on the ra ising of

flax in ten Short cantos . This poem ought properly beillustrated with drawings of tools and implements foundnowadays only on grandfather’ s garrett or in the museumsfor, with flax-ra ising entirely out o f v ogue in Germ anPennsylv an ia , or, where it is still ra ised, by means o fmodern appliances

,such terms as Flachs B ritsch, Hechle,

B 'rech, etc . , are, to the Pennsylv ania Germans o f today,words of a time that is past .A number o f Dr . Keller’s poems are included in the

collection published by Daniel M iller, Reading, Pa .

Some others , as well a s sev eral prose ta les , are to be foundin the A l l en town F r iedensbote . In his younger days hewrote for the Deutsche Pion ier ; but much of what I hav epresented and other material noted in the B ibliographyand not further described has come direct from his ownmanuscript notebook and has nev er been published . Inaddition to this staple of his production , he has writtenoccasional poems in English, as well a s in H igh German ,including hymns , ep ilogues, and prologues for Christm asand Easter festiv als , b irthdays and anniv ersaries , and onecurious composition in which alternate couplets of English and Pennsylv ania German rhyme with each other .

2 3 . JAMES C . LINs.

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Rural Press, Kempton , Pa .

Rural Press, Read ing , Pa.Common Sense D ictionary of Pennsylvan ia German

,Read ing , Pa .

, 1 887,

1 895.

Personal correspondence and interview s.

A man who will hav e to be considered when a completestatement is made of those who wrote Pennsylv ania-German newspaper letters is James C . Lins o f Reading, Pa .

T o the Kempton Rural Press , later called the ReadingPress , when he mov ed his print ing offi ce to Reading, hecontributed letters , ov er the signature

“Sam Kisselm oyer

fun Wohl hav er Schtede l . Very many of these l ettersa re distinctly political and do not take the trouble to introduce fi ctitious names ; the only reason why they did notappear on the editorial page (he was himsel f owner andeditor ) is because of the greater licens e allowed to thisletter column .

August Reiff says in his Schwabische Gedichte

So Nochb’

r w ie me ine, geits gW Iss koine m aih

Wie die anand schimpfet ; und doch tuets koim waih !

Anander segg iere , dees ten t se am gernschte ,

Und doch hen t se n ie no’

en S treit ghet , en e rnschte

Am SpOt tl e und S tichle do hen t se a Freud ,Wenn oiner em andre sei Moin ing reacht sa it.

2 2 1

2 2 2 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

When the introduction of the free deliv ery of rural ma ilgradually forced the weekly newspapers out of the fi eldhe ceased to be an editor and cont inued to b e a printer ; butmeantime he had been activ e in another related field ofwork . In 1 887 he issued aWord List, conta ining nearlyall the Pennsylv ania-German words in common use , underthe title Common-Sense Pennsylv ania German ,

” this being a list o f German and English words in the form in

which they are used. by those speaking the dialect, withtheir English equiv alents . At first sight, this publicationis disappointing ; nearly half of the preface is taken wordfor word from Horne’s Manual , published twelv e yearsbefore ; furthermore, the contents of Horne ’s Dictionaryare jumbled and the words are made to conform to a differen t spelling. But desp ite these shortcomings , Lin s

’

s

publication is not lacking in original work , for his listcomprises words as compared with Horne ’sincreased by sev eral hundred additional in the secondedition . This great difference in bulk is partly due to apeculia r limitation in the language horizon of many Pennsylv ania Germans ; such might be perfectly familiar withwords like bodderashun , dem ag rawd, ra is-hta—whereasthey did not, when they were in search of the Englishequiv alent syllable or word, know that it was spelled bo th-cra t

,r oast

,in English . Lins has accordingly included

many such words in his List . The result amounts to precisely what he says in the Preface , tha t desiring to help thePennsylv an ia German who is studying English, he has introduced a great many English words in the dialect form ,

wherea s Horne , according to M . D . Learned’s counting,giv es only 1 76 English words .

That there was in those days a real search for Englishwords IS shown by the fact that children In one o f their

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2 2 4 The Pennsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

Finally M r. Lins records many words that had‘ not ap

pea red in any prev ious comp ila tion—on a small page o f62 words , I find four such new words—mosby, m osser ich,

m owlgr isht , m ow l ish . I hav e called the whole productionaWord List rather than a Di ct ionary ; there is no attemptto giv e the pronunciation of words—he says in his introduction that he follows the English method of spelling because that is used in the schools, he does not indicate partso f speech

,etc . He av ows of his book tha t I ts a im is

not money, and its obj ect is not pra ise ” and that it wasnot superfluous is shown by the fact that in 1 895 a secondedition was called for and this a lso is now sold out.

2 4 . HENRY MEYER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Correspondence .

Genealogy of the Meyer Fam ily:Smul l ’s Leg isl at ive Handbook.

Henry M eyer, of Rebersburg, Pennsylv ania , was bornDecember 8, 1 840, in Center County, Pa . He learnedthe m il ler’s trade , went to the war and, hav ing lost a handthere , was obliged to find a different way of making aliv ing. For sev eral years he taught and studied, com pletinga course at the Keystone State Normal School at Kutztown in 1 869 . Next he taught in the Center County Normal School , and in 1 875 and aga in in 1 878 he was electedsuperintendent o f the schools o f the county , and in 1 882

a member o f the State Legislature .He is the author o f a genealogy of the M eyer family,

and for a fam ily reunion he wrote a poem “Die Alt

Heem et the first stanza suggests Harbaugh :

Heit kumm e mer noch em ol z’

r ick

Ans al t B lockhaus nachst an der Kr ickDer Platz wu unser Heem et warSchun lan ger z ’

r ick w ie sechzig Yohr .

In reminiscentia l mood he leads his hearers up to a highmounta in ov erlooking the Brush Valley

,and points out

all the scenes of their youthful pleasures , the old schoolhouse , the sugar camp (he seems to be the only Pennsyl

2 2 6 The Pennsylv ania -German Socie ty.

v ania-German writer who has included this among hisdescriptions ) , the swimming hole , the crossroads store,the neighbor whose apple orchard the boys used to v isit ;at the close he turns their glance to the cemetery below ,

where many of their friends already l ie and where soonthey too will find eternal rest.In “

Der Alt Scharn schtee he describes an old-fashioned log house

Der al te Scharnstee war im HausVum Keller nui b is ow a nausGrad M itta drin , wie

’

n schtarka fortIm Wind nu Schtarm en gut Support

Am Win ter Owet was en FreedDo hen die Buwa nu die MeedDie El tra nu vielleicht der SchquierIm weita Ring dart g

’

hockt am Feier.

Then he goes on to describe the winter ev ening pastimes , the coming of the chimney sweep , and borrowingfire of the neighbors when the ra ins came down the chimney too heav ily :

Gebreicha vun da alta JobreSin viel nau leeder ganz v erlora.

Die F reind wu al s ums Feier dartRum g

’

hockt hen sin ah bal al l fartDie Schee alt Ze it is ewig hiDoch ihr gedachtn iss bleibt m ir grie.

He strikes a note that is entirely unknown elsewhere inPennsylv ania-German writing , when he takes his Mauda-walking in the meadow where the v iolets blow , or theyseek the Shady places by the streams, and look into eachother’s eyes and see things they are too timid to tell , or

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2 2 8 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

En Fashion new ig m ich zu s itzeHen g ’hatt die grosse Meed , d ie Kn itzeUn bettle dass ich helfe debtI hr Sums zu rechl a uf de Schl eht .

When Katie came it took him twice as long tohow . But

Es t oht und golde Meepel LaubB edeckt schun oft ihr greenes G raab

Un wann ich dort so traurig schtehSchein t

’

s m ir ich wer net ganz alle.

2 5. HARVEY M ILLER (SOLLY HULSBUCK )

B IBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Cen ter County Dem ocrat, Bellefonte, Pa ., June 2 181, 1 908.

Der Boyertown Bauer, Apr il 1 71, 1 907.

Harrisburg Star Indepen dent, August 2 6, 1 907.

Ol d Penn , Ph ilade lph ia, Pa ., October 5, 1 907.

Personal Correspon dence .

Read ing T imes,’

January 1 4, 1 9071.

Reforme d Church Record, Read ing , Pa .,January 1 7, 1 907 .

Pennsylvan ia Germ an , Vol . VII, 6, 3281 ; Vol . VII I, 4, 1 92 .

Works :Pennsylvan ia-Ge rman Poem s Elizabethville, Pa .

,1 906.

Pennsy lvan ia-German Stor ies, E l izabethville , Pa . , 1 907 .

Pennsylvan ia-Ge rman Poem s,I I .

Poems of Ch ildhood,Elizabethville, Pa ., 1 908

Harmon ies of the H eart, Elizabethville, Pa. No date .

Solly Hul sbuck—the pseudonym under which Harv eyM . M iller of Elizabethv ille , Dauphin County, Penn sylvania , sends out his litera ry productions—b ids fair to become the most v oluminous writer in the dialect, Harterhav ing ceased producing and Grumb ine , and Rauch

’s contr ibutions nev er hav ing been collected . During the tenyears since M iller b egan writing, he has issued in bookform Pennsylv ania-German Poems in two editionseach of which required a second printing within six monthsa fter first publication ; Pennsylv ania-German Stories inprose and v erse a second v olume was issued later.T he last mentioned constitutes a book of nearly two

2 2 9

2 30 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

hundred pages . Each o f these books has exceeded in sizethe one preceding it , and a s Mr . M iller is. st il l a comparat iv ely young man—he was born at Elizabethv ille , Pa . , in

1 87 I—and as there seems to b e no decrease in the demand

for his work,a large production may st ill be expected

from him .

In ancestry he is of Wurt emberg stock on his father’s

s ide , while on the mother’s Side he traces his descent from

German and English stock , the latter in direct line fromthe family o f Mary Ball , the wife o f Augustine Washington and the mother of George Washington .

T he dialect was the only spoken language he knew whenhe entered school at ten years o f age , for though he readEnglish as taught a t home , he did not understand Englishwhen addressed by the tea cher . I t was the dialect poemsalso , especially those o f Harbaugh, that were his fav oriterecitations at school on Friday a fternoons . T he fr e

quen cy with which he recited these and the consequentfluency he acquired obtained for him inv itations to recit ea lso before the pup ils of the high school . This was hisnearest approach to the high school . T he tones o f Harbaugh struck a responsiv e chord in his own heart , andpresently thoughts akin to those began troop ing throughhis own bra in and urged him to giv e them tuneful form .

He has told me how , at dead of night, he often wakes upwith the substance of a poem ringing through his bra in , andhow he cannot sleep until he gets up and has committed itto paper .H is first product ions were nev ertheless in English, and

the v ery first ones he published ar e conta ined in an artisticlitt le v olume entitled “Harmonies o f the Heart ” which

is literally the work of his own and his w ife’s. hands , ev en

to setting the typ e, printing, sewing, b inding and embel

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2 32 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Indeed our author’s w it is generally as spontaneous andfree as it was when as a boy he had been compelled tolisten to a long and tedious sermon by a new parson andat the end, when the preacher closed the book , he inquired“ Hut aer now sell gros buch darch g’lasa M r . M illerhas at times anticipated the latest witticisms In our metropolitan humorous j ournals . T he present writer was exam in ing the files o f papers published some ten years ago ,conta ining some article s by M r . M iller . The same ev ening he purchased a copy of the latest number of Lifeand was amused to find in it ca rtoons for which the Pennsylv ania German he had been reading might hav e furn ished the text . T he identity extended ev en to the figuresof speech and the same sort of things were held up to ridicul e .

“ Literature , says George E . Woodberry, is an a r t

of expression , the material it employs is experienceit endeav ors. to represent experience through the medium oflanguage and bring it home to the understanding of thereader. It is obv ious that literature makes its appeal tothe indiv idual and is intelligible only so fa r as the indiv idual is able to comprehend its language and interpretthe experience imbedd ed there .” I t is because our authorhas in satiric, humorous. v ein portrayed that which ap

peals to all who know Pennsylv ania Germ andom that heis popular . For instance , in ev ery district where his bookwas read people recognized their own B illy Bloseroa r ,who goes down to the crossroads store , day in and dayout, crosses one leg ov er the other and with a long facedeclares he has nev er had a Show at all .

Yah sagt er grawd fer zwanzich yohrB in ich do al l e daw g am schtore ,

Umward gedul dich far en chance ,

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 2 33

Joe Hustler iss. now sel net wohr

Jah ,” sagt der Joe

Du huscht ken ShowDu warscht success aw net bakondt

Wan’s maul juscht schofscht un n et die hondt .

“Di hussa sitz is bl endy proof,Dass du ken chance huscht in der Weldt ,

Du bischt farflomm t gadul dich, yah ,Gaduld iss ken exchange far Geld .

So sagt der JoeDu huscht ken Show ,

Except am loafa daw g un nachtNo hen die loafers all gelacht.

Wherev er this. selection has been read , people hav enamed the character described ; this sp ells univ ersality , atleast in so far as this word may be used at all whe n a com

pa ra tiv e ly small number o f p eople make up the world hedescribes . This is why M r . M iller

’s s elect ions in proseand v erse hav e been cop ied by the papers in ev ery dialectspeaking county in the state—ov er fi fty o f them . Underdate of June 2 7, 1 908, the Cen ter D em ocr a t

,of B el lefonte ,

Pa . , wrote :“We find that our people greatly appreciate

r eading these s elections and as our supply is about exhausted we should like to hear if you hav e anything moreto offer .” April 1 7, 1 907, Hon . Chas . B . Spatz , editorof the Berks Coun tyDem ocra t and De r Boyer town Bauer ,said : “Hav e b een a great admirer o f your work and hav eused selections frequentl y in our columns . We are morethan anxious to read all you writ e .” In book form theyhav e found their way a s fa r south a s T exas, west as faras Nev ada , north to Canada , and east to New Hampshire ;in fa ct , wherev er Pennsylv ania Germ ans hav e gone .

His v erses Augawan et

2 34 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Es w ar amohl en certain kolbDos rum gsucht hut far ufenhol t .

Un dorr ich bush und becka rumHut’s kolb en pawd gemocht gons grum ,

hav e a wider application than Pennsylv an ia German ; as hegoes on and tells how that crooked path became in turn adog’s tra il and a cow ’s path

,a foot path for pedestrians

who swore about it but did not make a stra ight one , thena lane , a v illage bu ilt around it , there arise before our eyesp ictures Of large cit ies which are no sooner v isited by greatfires or earthquakes than they begin to plan to Simplify asystem of narrow crooked streets . His own application ,to b e sure , is more genera l

I n dere w eldt dun ’

bl endy le it ,Im olda waig fort doppa heit.

Grawd we far oldars, Shrift un sproch

Un a kolb macht ma onner noch.

It Should be added that this poem is an adaptationfrom the English .

The Star I ndependen t, Harrisburg, has already calledattention to the fact that his thoughts are not confined tothose who ordinarily express themselv es in Pennsylv aniaGerman

,but hav e elements that a re univ ersal .

T he amusement which the present writer has seen playon the features o f parson and flock on the occasion of thereading of the poem beginning

Won der Porra coom t

Waerdt rum gejumpt

De euchre deck w aerdt g’

schw indt ferbrenn t

Es hym nbuch un es T eshtam en t

Obg’

schtawbt un uf der d ish garenn t ,Won der Porra coom t

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2 36 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

the thoughtless back-to-the-country mov ement ” of thosewho think they may enj oy its bount ies without paying theprop er price .

Wie sees is doch d ie summer tseitEs Parad ies fum yor !

En H immel ’s b ild fer Ol a leitWu awga hen dafor.

Wos pikters sait mer uf de bam eMer ken t net won mer wut

Sel’

r Rambo farba naksht so ShaSel war de hond fun Got .

O ,m ei hartz klupt dos es brum d

Now, wun’s free yohr w id

’

r kumt .

I ch sa es nuch , me i l ew as kin tUn

’

s dut mer l aed im hartzBin shoor in Parad ies er findtKen hung

’

r , pein un schmartz

Doch war’s mer l eeb um grosa lusht

Un O ! Got wase w e froHet ich m e i bebeli uf da brushtWa r juscht m ei engl i doh !

Oh, de tswa klan a shu supposin ich het

S ie mimma um ufa doUn ken kl een e fees im t rundl e betWie bid’

r w iir’

s lava dern o !

He extemporizes in masterful v ariations on the general

theme of

Die w el dt is n imme we se woreEn hunnert yohr zur ick.

Pennsylv ania -German D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 37

Der Bower n emt sei Beev ’

l uf

Un l as’

d ols ow ets ous em BuchDe fraw bukt be i un s ingt en Shdick

Un So ’ un Duchd’

r s inga m itRecht orndl ich.

Der Bower gr ikt F ildel fy newsFull m ardere i fun kup zu foos ,De Beev ’

l’

s shtaww ich uva drufDe fraw gookt fashion bicher ufDe duchd’

r shbeeld de drum b’

l boksMit weisa hend we gips un woksDer So w e in de c ity bl etsShm oh

’

d l awda n eg’l cigaretsGons shondl ich.

Yet he is not a lauda tor tempor is acti to the extent o fwishing the good old days back ; he is no pessimist , hewould merely sound a warning

Ei, wos en hunn ert yor duch mochtFarenar ing w e daw g un nachtBei Bower un bei Ol a leit .

Mer w insht ’s aw mimma we’s mol worDuch man ’d mer’s is a bis

’l g’

for

Leit werra in a hunner t yohrT zu w eldl ich un zu Gotlos g

’

she it .

One of M r . M iller’s v ery best poems was no doubt suggested by T ennyson ’s Ring OutWild B ells ”

R ing’

d, bella r ing’

d.

Far fraed uf ’s Ne i Yohr he

Far bessra dawga forna drousUn fre indl icher we de ;

2 38 The Pennsylv ania-German Society.

Far man ’r l eeb und w enn ich’

r shond

Far w einch’

r shdreid un mae farshtondUn darch aw eck en besser l ondR ing

’

d, bell a r ing’

d.

Dol ’d bella dol ’dOus la’d far’n moncha seeza shtund

Wu forbar un ser w ar

Ous sorya fer fer l aw ra ze itFar n idra driks un kl an ’

r shbeit

Un fol shhad g’

shw isha Chen tl el eit

Dol ’d,bella dol ’d .

R ing’

d bella r ing’

d

Kal ing a ling, ka longR ingt

’

s olt Yohr nous m it sorg und ladUns Nei Yohr rei m it g

’

sung .

R ing’

d far en Shtondhoft m en l ichkad

R ind’

d loud m it lushd und fraed

Far freeda und garecht ichkaedR ing

’

d, bella r ing’

d.

Likewise in parody he has giv en many happy renderings .I hav e not yet spoken of the philosophy he dev elops forhimself ; how am id compla ints of too much of this andtoo much of that, in our complex life,

Nix in der welt dos guter farshtondKann alles darr ich mocha.

He dilates on the pleasures to be drawn from a corncobp ipe—Mei alte Krutza Pife ; on the beauty of acceptingthings as they come , M er Nem ts we ’ s kumt—and finallylocates Heav en itsel f

Dale schwetza fum H immel we en lond wide aweekEn blotz das ner n ix waes derfun ,

Wu die leit all gechanged Sin fun juscht cumner dreck

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2 40 The Pennsylv an ia -German Socie ty.

palmed off on him as gov ernment reports tell him he is

rea lly getting at the store nowadays when he imagines heis purchasing pure groceries—a wonderful mixture of unmentionable stuff Ov v er ich denk die n ei Runzel imShpella wart gae w ie fie l onn era so n arheita .

”

The present writer asked him what had been the m ov

ing cause in leading him to do thi s sort of work , and hemodestly phrased it thus : “ My purpose in writing hasbeen chiefly to meet a local demand for such literature ,which demand seems to hav e been created a fter it becameknown that new matter of the kind could b e manufacturedat home . T he first selections were written out of a sp irit o fhumor, impulsiv ely, and when the editor asked for more,the mill was kept running .

” M . D. Learned has referredto M iller’ s work as a v aluable contribution to Pennsylv ania-German literature .

2 6. CHA RLES C . MORE .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

A llen town Fr iedensbote .

A llen town We l tbote .

Pennsy lvan ia-German Magazine .

Corr espon dence .

A literature may be p roduced or a literary work comeinto existence which owes v ery little if anything to otherwrit ings or writers of the same or preceding times but

,a s

Kipling says ,

When ’Omer smote his blooming lyreE

’

d heard m en sing by land and sea,

and for tha t reason , no doubt, he is Homer and not oneo f the forgotten ones who “ sang by land and sea .

” As ageneral rule , if the writer has the power o f assimilation ,the wider, the broader and the deeper his acqua intance withother writers and other literatures , the better it wil l b efor his own . And if he be a writer o f dialect an a c

qua intance with other dialects and dialect writers operatesin the same way . Now the writers of Pennsylv an ia German

,many of them , did hav e some such acqua intance ;

Harbaugh was a student of the South German Hebel andalso o f the Scotch Burns , Fischer had particula rly studied

1 6

2 42 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

Schandein and translated a number of Nadler’s poems,

Wuchter had l iv ed abroad and knew German dialects aswell as a number o f the dial ects o f the French language ,but in many instances the dialect literature o f Pennsylv ania Shows a lack of originality and an imitativ e qualitythat ar e due to a shallow knowledge . A smattering o fthe rules of Engl ish v ersificat ion and a desire, with notalways a capacity, for rhyming are o ften the too thinexcuse for making a poem . In prose it is especially clearthat many newspaper writers , who , to b e sure , nev er a l

lowed their real names to be coupled with the names underwhich they wrote—were but poor imitators of Rauch .

Charles C . More had opportunit ies that were not v ouchsa fed to any other writer o f Pennsylv ania German , and hedid not fa il to take adv antage o f them . He was born inAllentown in 1 851 ; his paterna l ancestor had come fromAlsace Lorraine, on his mother

’s side they were fromSwitzerland . Her father, Jacob B lumer, familiarly knowna s Father B lumer, was the second Reformed preacher atAllentown

,and it was during his incumbency as pastor

there that the Liberty B ell ” was buried under the flooro f his church to sav e it from the hands of the B ritish , whooccup ied Philadelphia .

At Allentown More attended the public schools , andlater the Seminary, where he studied Latin under Hon .

Jeremiah S. Hess . At the age o f sev enteen he went toEurope and studied in B erlin and taught German andFrench in Genev a , Switzerland , and in England, rema in ingin Europe nine years . In 1 876 he returned to America ,but the same year went back to Europe aga in and was appointed clerk of the Am erican legation at B erl in , thenunder Bayard T aylor, and rema ined ten years . On hissecond return to America he entered upon the editorial

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244 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

More is the first and only story writer the Pennsylv aniaGerman dialect has, but his productions hav e a qualitythat a t once puts their author among the best of thosewho hav e tried their hand at dialect .

“Der Wiescht Mann vun der Flett -T he Ugly Man

of the Lowlands—was published in the Pennsylv an ia -Ger

m an Mag azine“Die Flett ” is the name giv en to a

lev el stretch of land in Lower M acungie , Lehigh County,Pa .

,in which large quantities of iron ore were mined thirty

or forty yea rs ago . I t was a mere coincidence that theman ’s name was Wiescht , but he was possibly as ugly inappearance as it was possible for a man to be , but he hadthe kindness of heart which nature o ften grants to suchcreatures by way of compensation . In addition to all therest he had been atta cked by smallpox and le ft with fea rful pockmarks . He worked in the ore m ines and wasteased about his appearance as nev er man was . But allthat he would reply was : “ Yes , fellows , my face may notb e goodlooking but it has cost me much, perhaps morethan life itself is worth,

”and 'with that would return to

his work , and he could work a s no other, and as only aman who had wicked or sad thought s to driv e away wouldWork. Charges were made that he was trying to “ makeup ” to the boss , but he liv ed this down , for he was asuncommunicativ e to the latter as to his fellow workers .At ev en when the rest o f the miners sa t about and chattedhe was busy about his hut or locked up in it and reading .

One day the boss brought a l ad to the min es , a boy whohad come to the neighborhood with a band of gypsies , andput him to work by Wiescht ’s Side to driv e a cart, andquartered him in Wiescht ’s cabin -Fred Schm erger . ButWiescht pa id no attention until one day the boy came backwith his cart Singing as a boy would, in a clear tone , an

Pennsylv ania-Germa n D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 245

Old familiar song,whereuponWiescht started up , his eyes

bulged from their sockets , his red face became redder, ashe looked a t the lad, then he reeled and clutched at hishea rt . H is fellows ran to his assistance, but qu ickly r e

cov ering his composure he went back to his shov el andworked harder and faster than he had ev er done before,if such a thing were possible . As to the meaning of it all,his companions were no wiser than b efore except to notethe change that came ov er Wiescht . From that day onhe was all attention to the boy ; he taught him his lettersin the ev ening by lamplight , he bought him clothes , heplanned to giv e “

him an education , to send him away toschool .T oward the m iners he too became different , talked with

them , told them of his plans , ev en became friendly to anI ta lian that worked in his gang, at times burst outs inging with a v oice that was only more ugly than his uglyface—then one day

,the boy backed in his cart and in

adv ertently backed it ov er the I talian’s foot ; flying into apassion the I talian drew a knife and attacked the boy.

Wiescht threw himself b etween the boy and the knife andin sav ing the boy ’ s life, gav e up his own . When the boywas sufli cien tly calmed to tell his tale it was learned thatthe boy’s mother andWiescht had been engaged but whenshe saw his face as the sm allpox had left it , she took backher plighted word . Wiescht became a wanderer andfinally landed a t the m ines . She married one Schm erger ,

the lad’s father . T he boy ran away from home with aband of gypsies and finally, tiring of tha t ex istence , cameto the m ines, where the boss receiv ed

‘

him and quarteredhim withWiescht . The song of the lad was the v o ice o fWiescht ’s sweethea rt , and when he looked on him morehe saw the features of her face . For the sake o f her who

246 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Socie ty.

had not been true to him , Wiescht dev oted himself to theboy

,making for him ev en the great sacrifice , giv ing his

l ife for him .

T his is the slender thread of More ’s story , a plot withwhich we may not quarrel , for it is a true story. In thecase o f a true story we can only find fault with him who

tells it , if he selected one to tell which does not hav e in itelements that make it interesting, and it , therefore , doesnot differ from any sort of fact a s a newspaper mightchronicle it , or aga in , if in the t elling he did not embellishit with such characteristics a s would perm it us to name theproduct l iterature, and our author did so adorn it . I t isalmost impossible to make illustrativ e selections of More ’swritings . T he Simplicity and the purity of his dialect isof a uniformly high order, there is only a minute percentage Of English words, and yet in the hands of More it isnot merely a means for narrating ev ents . T here is narr at iv e , but there is also description , now of the rustic andaga in of the purely poetic type ; there is philosophizing ,there is pathos , there is hum -or . T he whole story mov eswith its changing colors in a way that sa tisfies the rules o fthe

“Short Story ” writing game . And the author has

put his imagination into it , for the searcher a fter exactfac ts o f the life of Nathan Kebl er

,of Jackson Center,

Lehigh County, Pa .,will find it Slightly different from the

abov e Sketch ; yet our story is almost true to Goethe’s

canon : Alles Erlebtes aber nicht w ie es erlebt wurde .”“I ch hab juscht gedenkt es debt sche so sounde ,

”is the

author’s excuse for the license he has taken .

Note this bit of rustic description , the homely figuresthat belong to genu ine dialect

Er war en derrer, langer Mann m it arrig grossa Hand und

ferchter l icha F iess. Sei magerer, knochiger Kop hot am a d inna,

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248 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Soc ie ty.

al s paar T reena an sein ra langa Nas runner geloffa uf die Grundshol l a . Awer dann hot er erscht recht g

’

schafft !

And this ascent to real poetry

So is der Summer v erganga.

’

S Schpotjohr hot die Blatterbrau g

’

farbt ; der kalt W ind hot sie vun da Beem ger issa un

rumher g’

schtreet .

But no other quality lends so much to giv ing the storyv alue, nothing giv es so much credit to the author as thesustained excellence o f the dialect, which, whatev er moodit has a s to color, is always no more and no less than thePennsylv ania-German dialect, simple and pure .In an entirely different v ein he has written En

wieschter Draam .

Geschter war ich noch g’

sund nu mun ter, he it l ei ich do un bindoot ! I ch hab immer gem een t , wann mer mol doot war dan ndeet mer n ix m eh vun s ich w issa ; awer do l e i ich, bin doot unwees es, un kann es doch net hel fa . A l sem ol meen ich

,ich w iir

juscht sche i’ doot un deet bal widder zu mer kumma ; noh is mer

’sals widder as war m me i Geischt iww er mer Schw ew e deet nu deetm ich recht draur ig a

’

gucka , weil mer so g’schwin d vun nanner

m issa Was ich awer gar n et begre ifa kann is das ich n au

alles viel besser sehn un versteh as w ie ich n och gelebt hab. I ch

kann jo grad in d ie Menscha ne i sehna un ihra Gedanka lesa. Dois m ei Frah un dann der Coroner un d ie T schury. Naukumm t der Undertaker. Die Nochbera .

T he thoughts of all o f these he turns ov er in half playfulfa shion . On the edge of the grav e the coffin turns turtleand falls—“ Bums ! Was g

’happen t is ? E i du bischt

aus’

m B ett g’fa l l a , says his wife . “ Noch dem soll Sie

mer awer ken Lewer m eh brota for Supper !“E S Wash Heller’s ihra Gr ischdagszug and Der

HexedoktOr a re two others that run the whole gamut of

Pennsylv an ia-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 249

family j oys and sorrows , in both of which happ iness properly triumphs in the end .

The la st one to be mentioned here , and probably his masterpiece ,

“Die Kutztown Ma il,

”is a sort of German

“ Ev angeline ” with its last scenes staged in DrexlerSchtattel

” Es war im Johr 1 858 as die Mag in en

g l een es B lockhaus g ezog e is a s v on der Un ion Ker r ichiwwer die Schtross gestann e hot . Sel l em ols hot noch enschOn er Busch um sel Hausel gschtann e un derWeg nochKutztown is zwische der Kerch un sellem Busch v orbeigange wie heut noch .

”

The man who mov ed her and her belongings into thehous e did not get much information. out o f her as to herprev ious history, and curious neighbors who tried to drawher out got a sha rp answer and no satis faction .

“Die alt

deitsch Mag w ie die Leit Sie gheesa hen hot juscht ee

Freed uf der Welt ghat—der Union Kerr ichhof.

”

Wann sie net im Busch ghockt hot un hot geleesa nu gedrom t ,

dann w ar sie im Kerr ichhof nu hot an da G rew er rum gschafft

un ah gedrom t , odder iw er die Leit gschol ta , as ihra Dodta v ergessa

nu v ernachl esige . Sis ar r ig , hot sie als for sich hiegcbrumm tw ie’s hergeht uf daWelt. Do heila die Menscha un dowa, wannebber schterbt , un da m eh as sie heila , da gschw in ter weschen dieDhreena

’

s Adenka aus em S inn—grad w ien Schtarm , da w ieschte ras er dobt da gschw in ter is er vorbe i ! Des do sin awer nau m ei

Dodta , un ich v ergess sie net , awer B l uma bl anz ich ihna, un ichmach den Ker r ichhof so schee , as es en Freed is, zu schterwa un dobegrawa sei ; un wann ich dann ah m ei Ruh findt , dann geh ich

zu ihna schl ofa , un dann bl iehen die B lume ah for mich ; un ebbessecht mer , dann falla ah von da Bl et ter uf sei Grab .

Then she would draw a littl e p icture on a gold cha infrom her bosom

,and a few tears would roll down her

cheeks and she would Sit and dream until disturbed by the

2 50 The Pennsylv an ia -German Socie ty.

approach of the Kutztown ma il Fer die Mag hut juschtc c Druv v el g’

hat—die Kutztown Ma il .” T he driv er ofthis coach was Ignatz Martin , a person

“luschtig wie

’seen er gewa hot , so lang a s er um Leit rum war War erawer allee so hot er oft da Kop henka lossa un hot Seifzerausgschtossa a s en ar r ig s chweres Herz v er rota hen .

”

And he too would at times draw a p icture from somewhere in the region of his heart and gaze at it long andgloomily, then suddenly stick it away aga in and begin towhistl e or sing as though a fra id to be sad .

Now the end of our story is clear or pretty nearlyclear ; and so it soon is with most stories , we no longerneed to turn to the last chapter to find out what the endwill be , and so it has become the a rt ist

’s task to keep usinterested not by the end itsel f but by the method ofreaching that end . Nor are we disappointed in our storytell er here .

I t so happened that Mag felt a particular av ers ion tothe fish horn that Natz blew , and also that he soon learnedof this and blew it all the louder as he approached herhouse . Now one day

,late in summer, she had prepared

hersel f to tea ch the scoundrel manners ; and when she

heard him approach she rushed to the street brandishinga little club , and shaking her fists at the coa ch that wascoming nearer, when suddenly she became v ery tired andsank down on a bank neath a rose bush

,as though she

would choke ; then a m ist formed before her eyes and out ofthe mist a hand seemed to Show her p ictures out of the past .She saw hersel f a school lass , blue-eyed, rosy cheeked,happy ; then she saw another p icture o f a green fi eld withflowers growing all a round and a young fellow with a student’s cap who has j ust adorned her ha ir with flowers anddemanded a kiss and a race through the fields

,the capture

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2 52 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

the horn that the woods reecho the sound, for he sees hersitting ahead prepared to giv e him a warm reception . Butas they go flying by, a doctor who is a passenger calls onNatz to stop Do is ebbes letz .

” He makes an examination and pronounces her dead . They carry her intothe house and a p icture falls from her neck . On a dresserthey find a bundle of papers and because they seem to bewritten in Germ an they a re passed on to Natz . He opensand the fi rst that comes into his hand is a printed card

Ignatius M ichael Martinund

Margaretha Johanna ReitzVerlobt e

Freiburg in Baden , den 1 7ten September 1 847.

and with a B armherziger Gott , finde ich meine Gretelso he reel s, staggers to the po rch , falls and is dead .

T he papers,when finally read

,told briefly her story, in

cluding the long years o f fruitless search for each other inAmerica as they had prom ised each other and how She had

finally purchased a lot in this cemetery in the hope thatthere in a forgotten grav e she might find the rest n otv ouchsa fed her in life . She had further expressed the

conv iction that her Ignatz would find her there and thenthey would b e together in the grav e . Sie hen die Zwee

n eew ich n anner beg rawa , nu so hot die Mag doch rechtghat wie sie geprophezeit hot : Dann falla fun da Bl ii tterah uf sei Grab .

’

T o hav e written such a story and in the purest , truestdialect is its own argument and ought effectually to satisfyal l who doubt the capacity of the dialect or the ab ility of

its writers . More has said that dialect stories can b ewritten which hold the mirror up to Nature , and we need

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 53

not stoop to v ulgarisms to attract attention , for the dialectcom b ines that much v aunted Irish w it with the good oldhomely German humor ; we need only b e imbued with anhonest pride in our ancestry and their language, and thenthe dialect will liv e by its own momentum . More hasdone more than an ordinary man ’s share to make it liv e .

He has also written poetry ; in a few poems he chronicl es witty incidents out o f child l ife ,

“Der T schel ly

schlecker ” and “Un

-schuldig G ’schtrofft . In probably

his best one , entitled :“Die Schatta uf der Krick ,

”he

writes

An der Lecha haw ich g’

sotza

Un in die Wella g’

schaut .

Um mich rum hen Vegel g’

sunga

Un Neschter sich gebaut.Ibra Schatta, w ie die WolkaSin g

’

schwumm a uf der Kirek ,Dann in weiter Fern v erschwunna ;

Doch ihr Lied , des blieb zur ick.

Then a fter sev eral stanzas o f musing he questions

Wie werd es dann m it m ir mol geh,Wann ich ah n imme binWann ich muss heemw a r ts w andra

I ns Schattal and weithin ?Werd ah m ei B ild so schw ew a

Dann v ersinka aus’

m B lick ?Der Dood , der dann m ei Schmerz far tn emm t ,Losst er m ei Lied zur ick?

T o which unanimously ought to b e giv en the comfortinganswer, yes , More , your songs will liv e, but your storieshav e a stronger cla im and deserv e to liv e longer ev en thanyour songs .

2 7. ELWOOD L. NEWHARD .

BIBLIOGRAPHY.

Horne’s Manual.A llen town Chron icle .

Read ing Herald.Ph i lade lph ia Inquirer.P ittsburg D ispatch .

Lancaster New E ra .

Lebanon New s.

A llentown Cal l.Corresponden ce and In terviews.Libretto of Pennsylvan ia-German P inafore .

On May 2 5, 1 878, the Opera Comique in London sawthe premiere of the second one o f the Gilbert and Sulliv anLight Operas that was. destined to hav e a wide popula rity,

“H . M . S. Pina fore .

” I t had a stra ight run of 994n ights in London before the public cea sed to be amused .

On the 2 5th of Nov embe r, 1 878, it was sung at the Boston Museum and in January

,1 879 , in New York . In

the autumn of 1 879 it had its fi rst authorized produc tionin New York, the authors themselv es com ing from Londonto assist in the direct ion , and on December 1 it was sungin the Fifth Av enue T heater . I t took the popular fancyin Am ! ica as it had done in England and year a fter yearcompany after company went on the road to sing it , butev en this was not enough to satisfy lov ers of light song .

2 54

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2 7. ELWOOD L . NEWHARD .

BIBLIOGRAPHY .

Horne ’s Manual .

A l lentown Chron ic le .

Read ing Herald.Ph ilade lph ia Inquirer.P ittsburg D ispatch .

Lancaster New E ra .

Lebanon New s.A l lentown Cal l.Correspon dence and Inte rview s.Libretto of Pennsylvan ia-German P inafore .

On May 2 5, 1 878, the Opera Comique in London sawthe premiere of the second one o f the Gilbert and Sulliv anLight Operas that was. destined to hav e a wide popularity,

“H . M . S. Pina fore .” I t had a stra ight run of 994n ights in London before the public cea sed to ‘be amused .

On the 2 5th of Nov ember, 1 878, it was sung at the Boston Museum and in January

,1 879 , in New York . In

the autumn of 1 879 it had its first authorized produc tionin New York, the authors themselv es com ing from Londonto assist in the direct ion , and on December 1 it was sungin the Fifth Av enue Theater . I t took the popular fancyin America as it had done in England and yea r a fter yearcompany a fter company went on the road to sing it , butev en this was not enough to satis fy lov ers of light song.

2 54

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 55

Musical directors with dramatic talent, or a musical dir ector a ccompanied by a person who was skilful l in dev eloping latent histrionic talent, trav elled about the count ryorganizing and tra ining local companies for home productions. T he v ogue was nation-wide and in San Francisco “H . M . S. Pina fore ” was burlesqued as H is MudScow Pina fore , and this too had its Share o f the glory asproduced by the San Francisco M instrels . Moreov er, thefav or the opera enj oyed was not o f the fleeting kind . R e

peatedly it has been rev iv ed and that too by such distin

guished leaders as M aurice Grau and Henry Sav age in1 908 and the Schuberts in 1 9 1 1 .

I t rema ined for Alfred Charles Moss and Elwood L .

Newhard , of Allentown , to translate almost all o f it intothe Pennsylv ania-German dialect as : “H . M . S. Pina fore

,

oder Das Ma edl e und ihr Sa il or Kerl ” and to produce itwith such success that all o f eastern Pennsylv ania wantedto hear it , that E lwood L . Newha rd, who assumed the

rOl e and created the chara cter o f Sir Joseph Porter,the Dutch Admiral, entered the pro fessional field

in other light opera s under the management o f Moss ,that later M essrs . Aschbach and Alexander, theat er managers o f Allentown , put a professional com pany on the

road to s ing Pennsylv ania-Dutch “Pina fore ” with E l

wood L . Nuewha rd in the r61e that he had created . T he

latter c arried it into practically ev ery theater city o f thestate with unv arying success . Newhard has sung the parto f Sir Joe as an amateur and as a professional, with localcompanies and with t rav elling companies both amateurand professional , more than three hundred and fi fty times,and the sev eral songs a t public and priv ate gatherings andat local enterta inments for charitabl e purposes numberlesst 1m es.

2 56 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Society.

T he translation was a collaboration , but o f a pecul iarkind ; Moss wa s a musician , a c omposer and director, andwhile he understood the dialect he did not speak it ; on theother hand Newhard was a Pennsylv ania German whoseancestors had come from Germany almost fi fty years before the Rev olution

,was thoroughly familiar with the

dialect , was a Singer and had had considerable experiencea s a stage manager . Moss’s chief interest was in gettingsingable l ines . N ight a fter night did Moss and Newhard sit together trying out this phrase and that, onemethod and another, of rendering the songs of “

Pinafore ,

” a lways seeking the expression that they could singbest without being too scrupulous about how l iteral it was ;they did not hesitate sometimes to say the exact oppositeof the original where an opportunity offered to make aj oke but they did not dev iate from the ma in theme , andtheir translation easily adm itted o f hav ing the l ibrettoprinted in parallel columns with the original English v er

sion . In order to get the point of v iew of the translatorsit is necessa ry to remember tha t they called their worka burlesque translation , and to note that their obj ect wa sto giv e their audience the songs of the opera in Penn sylv ania German

,and good fun in the dialogue . The dia

logue was translated largely for, and probably mostly by,Newhard himself.A brief sketch of Elwood L . Newhard is necessary here

in order to understand better the manner of the transl at 10n .

Elwood L . Newhard, who was born in Allentown in1 858, was a descendant o f one of the three Newhardbrothers who came to this country from Rotterdam in theship St . A ndr ew in 1 737 ; and on September 2 6 took theoath o f allegiance before John Logan , president of the

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2 58 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

or better yet Pennsylv ania-German Pinafore select ions ,or in Pennsylv ania-German parodies of his own compositions in which he takes off local characters -or local ev ents .In all of these ev ents he is the contortionist ov er again ;when he rises and pulls his face awry or strikes an attitude the house begins to titter , and when he opens hismouth to say something it usually “ brings down the

house .

”

I t was in his younger days that the people began to expeet him to say the funny thing in an odd way and to ac

company it with the unusual posture or gesticula tion . Thissituation must hav e been in m ind , at lea st subconsciously,when he and Moss made their translation .

T0 illustrate from the v ery fi rst song in Pinafor e

Mir fahren auf der meer ;Un ser schiff is shay un shteady ;

M ’

r dr inken n ix oss beerUn m

’

r Sinn aw immer ready,

is not an exact translat ion of

We sail the ocean blue,And our saucy ship ’s a beauty,We’re sober m en and t rue,And atten t ive to our duty,

yet the fi rst two lines a re as nearly an accurate v ers ion asnecessa ry

,the third line would b e the utterly unexpected

to those familiar with the English, and those who werenot would look upon it a s the traditional thing to b e saidof a Dutchman and both would b e surprised by the way inwhi ch the clev er translation of the fourth line seems torefer to the preceding one . A still greater surprise was

in store for all when the same song recurred in a differentpart of the opera and after the fi rst lines with slight v ariation for rhyme

Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 2 59

Mir fahren auf der say ,Un ser schiff is shay un shteady

there follows with more and more emphasis to the end ofthe line

M ’

r dr inken n ix oss tay

Un m’

r sin aw immer ready.

The recitativ e a fter the opening choru s is changed intoa dialogue which brings out the same facts o f the story ;Little Buttercup ’s a ria is a p retty close translation ,although for rhyme ’s sake some of the obj ects she offersfor sale a re differently a rran ged ; English T offy and P01ony v ery pr operly b ecome American T affy and Bologna ,while on e or two untranslatable names or possibly namesthat would not fit into a l ine are v ery natura lly replacedby German Schnitz um Kaduflia .

In the dialogue that follows we discov er more of themethod of translation . A long English Speech somet im escould be better expressed by a short one in the dialect, andv ice v er sa

,an English j oke or pseudo ponderous expres

sion often could not be turned and wa s omitted ; on theother hand, a dialect witticism could sometimes b e rung inwhere there was none in English

,while the last l ine o f

the second dialogue where Buttercup says Ha tha t name ,remor se , remorse warns us tha t from this time forth ourtranslat ion w ill b e macaronic , some of the spoken pa rts aswell a s some of the songs not hav ing been translated a t all .When the c apta in enters and says My gallant crewGood Mo rning ”

the sa ilors respond with Gude Morya .

When he SI ngs I am the Capta in of the Pina fore theyrespond in an excellently turned line Un

’

n nummer a insCap b isht da ”

as rendering “ and a right good capta intoo .

”T hroughout the capta in ’s open ing song he s ings

altogether in English while the responses o f the sa ilors are

2 60 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

sometimes in dialect and sometimes in English,thus the

capta in’s

You’re exceed ingly pol iteAnd I think it on ly rightT o return the compl imen t

becomes in the response

Mir S1n Iv eraus pol iteUm er m ehn t es wer yusht rightWen er uns aw compl imen t ,

while the las t chorus rema ins English

Hardly ever swears a big b ig DT hen g ive three cheers and one cheer moreFor the well-bred captain of the Pinafore .

The interlocut ion that follows the capta in ’s statementthat he “ nev er swears a big big D

”

Sa ilors—What n ever ?Captain - No

,n ever !

Sailors—What n ev er ?

Captain—Hardly ever .

and which is repeated sev eral times in the course of thissong becomes v ery happ ily

Sa ilors—Was Gar net ?Captain—Nay, Gar n et .Sailors—Was, Gar n et ?

Captain—Well , sheer gar net .

T he words with which the capta in announces Sir JosephPorter, in the dialect are better c alculated to putemphasis on the coming of that exalted personage thanthe words of the original ; instead o f Now giv e threecheers

,I ’l l lead the way ”

he announces Do kumm t der

Jo , Now geb drei cheers . The first words the latter

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262 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n Soc ie ty.

t ions seems to hav e been to use Pennsylv ania German inall cases where it lent itself to translat ion and where itdid not to let the others reta in English but make Sir Joeuse the Hans Breitm ann type . T he t ranslators showedgood sense in tacitly confessing that not ev erything in the

English language can be transla ted into the Pennsylv aniaGerman dialect .But the highest triumph ofPennsylv ania-German Pina

fore was not so much its translation as its presentation .

T he best musical and dramat ic talent of Al lentown wassearched out , and early in 1 883 it was produced and be

came an amazing success . Am ong others , besides Mossand Newha rd

,who contributed to its success , we find G . C .

Aschbach, all his life connected with the theater in Allentown

, who was manager ; A . N . Lindenmuth, now the

well-known photographer, who was stage art ist and took

the pa rt o f leader of the marines ; Samuel C . Schmucker,now professor at the West Chester State Normal Schoola nd widely known as a lecturer, in the character of RalphR a ckst r aw ; B enj amin Sadtl er , Jr . , son of Professor Sadtl er, of Muhlenberg Colleg e , and himself later a distinguised educator, a s Di ck Deadeye ; while among the rest aswell a s among the Sixty members of the chorus appea rsuch names as Schock, Eckert , Shankweil er , Hersh, Leh,Pretz, B arber, Werley, and dozens of other names prominent in the business and social life of the city .

But the success o f the production was not confined toAllentown ; all eastern Pennsylv ania wanted to hear it , andtown a fter town did hear it ; when presented at SouthBethlehem a high offi cial o f the B ethlehem St eel Company gav e a banquet to Newhard and his company on sei

schwester un sei cousins um se i aunts and enterta ined themat his house . I t now became the custom for the towns to

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 263

furnish the chorus and Newhard the company , thus inReading the Philharmon ic Society of that city furnishedthe chorus and the huge pretzel ( Reading ) fi lled w ithpeanuts. (Allentown ) , which was presented to Newharda fter the performance , showed how complete ly

e he had

captured the affections o f the riv al city . At a testimonialbanquet tendered his company some time later, each member was presented with a copy of the libretto bound inRussia lea ther and inscribed as follows :

READING, May 1 8, 1 883 .

I n presen t ing this l ibretto , the Philharmon ic Soc iety, throughits managers , takes this method of show ing its apprec iation and

extending its hearty thanks and well w ishes to the Lad ies and

Gen tlemen who so k indly and ably assisted in the produc t ion ofthis very popular and pleas ing Opera of Pin afore in Pennsylvan iaGerman .

May your ship be immer shteadyI n your voyage through life ’s sayWhen your t ime comes alfert readyBy drinking “ Nix oss T ay.

”

W . S . M ILLERD . P . SCHLOTT F. S . JACOBSD . C. CLOUs G. L. KESTNERI . Y. SPANG A. SNAVELY

When Newhard, under the management o f Moss , wenton the professional stage with a play ,

“Pro fessor Gold

schm idt ,” written by MOSS for Newhard

,the v enture was

cap italized on the success o f “Pina fore ” and Newhard

was ev erywhere adv ertised as he of the Dutch Admira lfame, or as creator o f the rOl e of Sir Joseph Porter,

in Dutch Pinafore .”

When M '

oss entered upon another fi eld of activ ity,M essrs . Aschbach and Alexander

,theater managers o f

264 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Allentown , comm issioned Newhard to organize a professiona l company to s ing Dutch “

Pinafore .

” Newha rdwas now confronted with a different task, that of findingprofessional singers who could b e tra ined to sing andspeak in the dialect . He realized his diffi culty and tellshow ,

at least in sev eral instances , he found it easier totra in English-Speaking persons to a proper use o f the Pennsylv ania-German dialect than persons who knew High German and not the dialect . I t was p robably with this company that a Lebanon critic found fault for not handlingthe dialect correctly. T he newspaper clipp ing from whichthis information was culled was not dated, but it is hardlypossible that it referred to Newhard

’

s local amateurs onthe occa sion when they were assisted by a chorus of Lebanonites .On this pro fessional tour he trav elled as far as Pitts

burg ; also sang at Altoona , Harrisburg, Wilkesbarre,Scranton

,Pittston , Shenandoah, and almost ev ery theatre

city of Pennsylv ania .

“At last we are to see and hearthat most amusing of comic operas , Pinafore , rendered inthis c ity in the Pennsylv ania-German v ernacular ! ” excla ims the Lancaster New Era when the period of tra iningthe local chorus was ov er and the date for its productionwas announced, and its musical and dramatic critic , a fterhe had almost exhausted the dictionary for figures ofsp eech and inv ectiv e for abuse o f the dialect a s a dialect,admitted that the audience had been agreeably disappointed in getting more in the way of good music and gooda cting than it had exp ected .

Frequently in the course of its m any rev iv als—it hasbeen sung for upwards of thirty years, the last time com

pl ete in 1 9 1 0—it roused local j ealousies ; thus in 1 901 ,

when the R ea ding Her a l d was considering ways and means

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2 66 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

the finest and many towns confessed that none o f thenumerous companies that went the rounds with Pinaforein English had set the stage so splendidly as had Newha rd .

I t rema ins to Show the hold that Newhard and his DutchAdmiral had, especially on the local operatic following,by quoting an incident from the A l l en town Chr on ic le :

The announcement that when the Rob inson Opera Company came to town Wood Newhard would s ing DutchPina fore ,

’ created something of a sensation . It is a longtime since our citizens had the pleasure of hearing Sir Join Pennsylv ania Dut ch, it wil l b e a charming nov elty tohear that worthy excla im ‘

I ch bin der Kayn ich fun derM eer . ’ Now if M iss. Walker could only sing ‘

I ch bin

des schae glae Buttercupja’ what a remarkable treat that

would be .T he next week the company went on to another city butWoody ” went back to his duties as Clerk of the Courts .A number o f t imes during the period when Pina fore ”

was most popular,the Allentown theater manager put

Newhard on to sing dialect when an En glish companywas on the circuit ; it was usually in response to regretsexpressed at such t imes that not more of it was in the

dialect , that Newhard was induced frequently to rev iv e itwith local amateur ass istance . Moreov er, his amb ition isnot yet satisfied ; a fter Singing it in so many cities, he fa inwould take it to the metropol is o f the state and there is noreason why he should not . All who enj oy the Gilbertand Sulliv an Opera must with a good company also enj oythis Pennsylv an ia-German v ersion , whil e to the multitudesin our cities who came from the farms and smaller townsof eastern Pennsylv an ia it would b e a rare trea t to hearthe familiar dialect o f their youth abov e the footlights .

2 8. T HOMA S J . B . RHOADS.

B IBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or INFORMATION.

B iog r aph ical H istory of Berks County. Mon tgomery, Ch icago, 1 909.

Onkel Jeff’s Rem in iscenc es of Youth and Othe r Poem s,Boyertown , 1 906.

Personal corre spondence .

PROCEEDINGS OF T HE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY, Vol . V, 1 65.

Dr . Thomas J . B . Rhoads , o f Boyertown , graduatedfrom the Jefferson M edical College , Philadelphia , in 1 86 1

and shortly a fter that entered the army as assistant surgeon . After the battle o f Gettysburg his regiment wasmustered out and he returned to Boyertown , where he hasbeen engaged in multifarious undertakings, drugs , m ines ,insurance , banks , real estate , theaters b eing his principall ines ; as loca l politician and as a member of local fra ter

n it ies he has held almost all offi ces in the gift o f his friends .

With all this he kept up for fi fty years an extensiv e praetise as phys ician .

I t was whil e making the rounds of his pat ients and es

pecia l ly when , as was not infrequently the case, he had totake long driv es o f e ight to ten m iles at n ight that he“ meditated the thankless muse ” with the result that twov olumes of v erses of 400 pages each gradually formedthemselv es . Those c alled Onkel Jeff’s Remin iscences ofYouth ” are for the most part in English , although a num

2 67

268 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

ber are in dialect,while sundry of his dialect poems hav e

appeared elsewhere s ince the publication of the books

( 1 905)One of his earliest effusions , Die Whiskey Buwe , de

scribes all the excuses drinkers offer a s they step up to thebar and expla in why they must hav e a drink . In Das AltAchteckig Schulhaus he com pares the three m onths ’

school in the year with the present systems of school allthe yea r round and day and night , compares the Simplecurriculum with thos e in v ogue at present, which includeev erything from buchtabiere to skr iwel iere , philosophiereand karassier e , with many other ie re

’

s,” and concludes

Wann mer denkt d ie lan ge ZeiteWu Sie in d ie Schule gehn eVun sex Johr nuf bis zwanzigSollt mer doch gewiss ah mehn eS ie sotte bessere Lam ing hawe ,Sotte g

’

scheidt se i w ie d ie ParreO ft mol s sin d ie hOchst gel em te

Am End doch d ie g rOsste Narre.

In Neue Mode he seems to hav e a special incidentin m ind, ev erything is changed by fashion

’s decree,ev en

the Lord’s Prayer has been supplanted :

Die Sache werre ganz verdrehtDer schwarz Gaul ie en SchimmelFer Kinn er n em t ’s en n eu GebetUn bald en n euer H immel .

Probably his best is the descriptiv e poem Es LatwergKoche fer Alters here he tells the story in greater deta ilthan is to b e found in poems on the same subj ect by others ,and also in smoother meters than is his own wont.

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2 70 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

comes a p icture of the grind of life where in the endnought is l eft but the Dr eeschtr .

Ad ieu , da alte , l iebe Muehl ,Du gebst m ir j etzt en w ehes g

’

fuehl ,

Die Lust der Kindhe it w ie des Laub ,Geht m it d ir zu Aesch un Staub .

Ganz v erm ahl e ,

B is an d ie Schale ,Zehrt uns d ie Welt ,I n un ser Zelt ,

Un dreibt des Lebe in des Grab .

In Es Haem e l t em a he goes back to the old homeand passes from on e to the other o f the scenes of childhood :

Dort steht ’s alt Haus am Weg ,

Dort is des Kamm er l ie ,

Dort is diessel be Schw el l ;

Es stebn e fremm e F uesse druf;

Mer schleicht im Zweifel na ’

.

Es is wie’s w ar , un doch net , gel ?Doch haem el t

’

s em a’

Es haem el t em a’ .

Yet with all the old fam ilia r faces a t the old home goneand with names of mother, wife and child to greet him ashe wanders to the nea rby Gottesacker, it almost makes himfeel as though the latter place had the stronger attractions .

Der T odes Acker bluehtMer fuehl t n et ganz so frem in dem .

Ja , Mutter , Kind un Fra ,Guck w ie mer j etzt die Name sieht !So haem el t

’

s em a’

Es haem el t em a’.

Pennsylv ania-Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr itings . 27 1

Die Marn i Schloft is a most tender effort to persuadethe heart that she

,whos e day was long and labor sore

, is

now better off in the sweet rest o f eternity ; but the r ecol

l ection of al l that she meant from earliest childhood onbrings pangs to the heart . Her F e ierowet

”has come

and she lies peaceful on her bed but for him She w il l wakeno more .

Die Nacht is doh, die Drauer -NachtEs bangt en Flohr uf m e in ra Dhier ;

Die Marn i schloft ! DerWelt ihr Pracht.Is ganz v ergange , sag ich dir !

I hr Aug hot mich es erseht erschaut,Erseht haw ’

ich ihre St imm erhoer t ;

Uf s ie haw ’

ich die Welt g-ebaut ,I hr Lewe war m ir alles wert.

I hr Daw g war lang, I hr A rwet schwer,I hr Pilger re is w ar hart nu weit ,So mied war sie , un matt so sehr ,Die Ruh is siess in Ewigkeit.

Doch Feierow et is jo doh ,Die Marn i leit in ihrem Bett ,

Im Kaemm er l i schloft sie recht fro ,Dann weck sie n et , oh weck Sie net !

M ’

r sagts n et gem : m’

r muss es duh ;Des Herz es bangt an sein em GutM’

r guckt n och ee Mohl—Jetzt mach zu !

Die Draehn e n emme m ir den Muth !

I hr Aug is zu, ihr Mund schweigt scht il l ,Un kalt is ibra Herzen s-quell .Dann , gute Nacht ! Mach

’s w ie mer wil lDoh muss m er saga “

F erraw el l .”

272 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

ES Hofdehrl e a s it swings back and forth sings amelancholy tale . By it entered the j oyous bride, merrychildren in their play passed in and out, many friends andstrangers , rich and poor, were glad to enter by it to thehom e where all were made welcome , but presently, onea fter another in sad procession all passed out , nev er againto return .

Die Braut , d ie Kinner un der Mann ,

Die B luma,’

s Grass, der Vogelsang,Die B latter, Summer—alles geht als ann !So s ing des Dehr l e dagel ang .

Es schwingt , es s ing t im Summ erw ind ;Es werd ah n iemohls matt nu mied .

Es we in t un greint w ie en v erl om es Kind ,Un j etzt w eescht du m ei traurig Lied .

Es geht mol uns en Debr l e zu,

Un gar vielle icht im Aagebl ick.

Noh gehna mer vun Heem , ja , ich un du,

Un kumma n ie, ja n ie zur ick.

Die Muttersproch is a heap ing up of reasons whyhe does , as he ought to , lov e the speech that first he heardfrom his mother’s l ips :

Wie kenn e m ir d ie Liewe Sproch ,So leichtsinn ig in S tolz v er losse !

Der al te S trom ,so n och un noch,

Is noch n et ganz um gar v erflosse.

Mer henke fescht am alte Stam ,

So w ie die B raut am Braut igam .

Latin and Greek are a rusty old gun , his mother tongueis a s bread and salt, the blossom nev er forgets the dew thatfell upon and nurtured it, the grap e does not hate the v ine,a dog does not b ite his friend,

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2 74 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

His struggles with his courses are refl ected in the lines

I ch waes n et recht was sol es se i’

Shaest m it“ Conditions ” darf ich nei

Doch wann ich mol recht inside binDann , w ie en Glett , bleib ich drin ,

and it s eems he did.

He has seen a girl in town , but hears there is a sen iorbut remembers seniors will l eav e ; he lea rns the reasonand tells “Wa rum ich dummer Freshman haes .”

Doch Socrates hut ae mohl gsagt ,So hen sie m irs ins Hem gej agtDes erseht der Schuler lerna mussWie grad as w ie en daube Nuss ,Er gar n ix wisse daeht . Geb acht !I ch hab en guter Schtart sehun gm acht !

I ch reib me i Rick do an die Wand ,Un reid en Pony aus Verstand ,Dann ess ich F isch b is mirs v er l aed,Noh waer ich aw en Graduade !

In a poem for the Da l lastown R eun i on,he gets into

similar v ein , but this is the exception .

He has written a number of books in Engl ish, and beena frequent contributor to church periodicals , and has beenknown to express the wish for the leisure to do for thePennsylv ania-German life and history, and in the dialect ,some part o f what SirWalter Scott has accomplished . Asimilar desire to hav e this done and the hope that somebody would do it has been expressed by Judge Grosscup,of Chicago , himsel f of German descent ; simila r utterancesby a young student o f the Univ ersity of Pennsylv ania witha bent toward writing suggest the thought that some daya beginning of this kind m ay yet be made .

30. LOUISA WEITZEL .

SOURCES OF INFORMATION.

Correspondence .

Pennsylv an ia-German Mag azi ne .

Lou isa A .Weitzel, of Lititz , Pa . , is one o f those Pennsylv ania Germans who took up writing in the dialect a ftera medium had been created whereby they m ight rea ch anaudience . Ev en before she had finished her studies a tSunnyside College, 1 876, and Linden Hall Seminary in1 880, she had written stories and v erse that had been publ ished in

“The Morav ian ” and other church periodicals .

For these She has been writing ev er since , as well a s for theLititz , Lancaster and Philadelphia papers .For a time she serv ed a s associate editor o f the Li titz

E xpr ess, and whil e a cting in that capacity, in 1 899 , beganwriting articles in prose in the dialect . Shortly a fter thefounding o f the Pennsylv ania -German Mag azine , she

turned her attention to v erse ; new contributions by herhav e appeared yea r by year, and one o f these it was mypriv ilege to receiv e in manuscript ( before its publicationin December, 1 9 1 0) it is an! enthusiastic Aufru f :

Wu sin die Deitsche DichterSie sin v erschwunne al l ,

2 75

2 76 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

Wu Sin d ie grosse LichterI n un sere Ruhm eshal l .

Heraus, heraus R eim reise r ,

Wu sin ihr al l verstecktI hr sin jo d ie WegweiserDie SchOheit uferw eckt .

T here is a cheerfulness and hopefulness in her lines thata re in beautiful contrast to a life tha t has been by nomeans free from sorrow and gloom .

I ch waes net was es New Yohr bringtUns gebt ke Mensch das dut.Doch

’

s Herz sich m it de Glocke schwingtUn frohl ich steigt der Mut .

Kumm her du frisches j un ges YohrGeb m ir dei treue Hand ,De i Br iider ware gut zuvorDu bischt es ah im Schtand.

Her poems impress one, as though she had gone outinto the wood and la id her cares on the lap o f motherNature

,ev en as a child goes to her mother to hav e her cry

and then goes me rrily back to her play :

Es is so scho im alte Busch,Der Bodde gru m it MossWeech s itzt mer uf der kiihl e ErdAs w ie im Mutter Shoss,Un fii hl t fun allem w as em kranktSo g l uckl ich , frei un 105.

I t is a pleasing note o f a young old age that we hear inthe following as in reply to the repinings so often indulgedin

Mer schwatze vun alte Zeite,Un denke gar net dra’

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278 The Pennsylv ania -German Society.

Se i F raw gelt wen iger ass die Geul ,Sei Kinn er w ie d ie Sail ;

Er rechend oft sie koshte m ehUn bringe w enn iger c i.

Er shickt d ie Kinner in die ShulWann s ie s inn j ung un glee ,Wann ihre E rw et ebbes m ehn t

Dann darfe sie n imm ie geh.

Some of our latter-day nov elists hav e giv en admirablep ictures o f such characters , but only the perennial recurrence of this figure in literature has rev iv ed the m istakennotion that he represents , not a type , but the people itsel f .Our writer’s plan of life is summed up in her lines

H ie nu do a Liedl eH ie um do a B lumWe il mer gehne uf un abWege grad un grum .

Ebm ol s is es dunkel trubRegn et alle DagBat es wann mer brumme dut ?Helft em sei gekl ag ?

In 1 908 she published a collection of her English poems ,A Quiv er of Arrows , for which Longfellow ’s “ I shotan arrow into the a ir suggested the t itle .

3 1 . A . C . WUCHTER .

BIBLIOGRAPHY AND OTHER SOURCES or INFORMATION.

1 . Herr ingshaw’s Cycloped ia of American B iography.

2 . Personal Correspondence .

T o a remote past , to nob ility, to relationship with theDukes o f Orleans the family to which Wuchter belongstraces its ancestry . From Suabia the fi rst ancestor cameto America in 1 749 , although the father of this one hadfl ed to this country a s a politica l refugee ev en ea rlierunder an assumed name and has nev er been definitelytraced . On the maternal side his ancestors came fromHanov er in 1 730. Astor Clinton Wuchter was born inJacksonv ille, Lehigh County, Pa . , February 4 , 1 856 ;

worked on the farm and was a pup il in the common schoolsuntil eighteen years o f age ; attended the M ill ersv ill e Normal School , taught in the public schools 1 874—1 878 ; thentaught and studied for three years in Paris, France ; graduated from the Lutheran Theological Seminary, Phil ade lphia , Pa . , 1 885, then s erv ed successiv ely the congregations at Summit H ill , Pa . , from 1 885

—1 890 ; Weissport,1 890

—1 893 ; Gilbert, 1 893—1 909 , as pastor, a fter which

he became professor o f French a t Wittenberg College ,Ohio . After one year in this position he went back tothe ministry and is now preaching at T oledo , Ohio .

2 79

2 80 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

He began writing v ery early ; his published works , consisting for the most part of hymns and religious poems ,original and translated, appeared chiefly in The Lutheran .

The transl at IOns Include renderings from Latin , Germanand French . It was also a t an early age that he beganproducing sel ections in the dialect , but there are none ofthese extant o f a date earlier than 1 894 . Wuchter

’s

reasons for writing in the dialect deserv e mention : I sawmany limp ing efforts, as I thought, especially in v erse, andso I essayed what I could do as to rhythm and meter .He finds the Pennsylv ania German just as easy for hima s the High German ; and as the charm grew upon him ,

and Pegasus got restiv e , they v entured on bolder but stillmeasured fl ights .I t is, as a rule , only the masters o f any subj ect that fully

realize its diffi culties : Heine could say F ii rwahr , die

M etrik ist rasend schwer ; es g iebt v ielleicht sechs odersieben Miinn er in Deutschland

,die ihr Wesen v erstehen .

”

A considerable num ber o f our dialect writers hav e eithernev er heard such a statement, or act a s though it excusedthem from giv ing the subj ect serious attention ; they hav eall too o ften gone merrily a-rhyming, without shap ingtheir course or av oiding rude j olts o f cross country roads .Here, as always , careful workmanship a ims at and reachesmore than outward smoothness . Thus , in reading someo f Wuchter

’s lines we experience an undefinabl e pleasure

not elsewhere afforded by the dialect v erse . His highestsuccess he has perhaps achiev ed in the playful onom ato

poetic lines in which he tells the familiar story o f the hiredboy who was set to work picking stones from a fi eld , whilehis master Dinkey and the latt er

’ s Spouse went off to thev illage on business . Now, towards ev ening they are coming home , but are not yet in Sight o f the place where theboy is working

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2 82 The Pennsylv a nia-Germ a n Socie ty.

which seems , in sentiment, to tally with the lines of SuabianM ichel Buck

I schwatz, w ia m iar der Schnabel g’

w achsa ischt

Und wia’n i’s han von me in er Muatar Sproch ghairt

Und glaub , wear se in er Muatar Sproch it a ihrt ,

Dear se i schau ’ w eagadearn koi’

reachter Chr ischt ,

He rev erts also,like his compan ion poets , to the old

times , and describes to us in inimitabl e v erse “ En alteLumpa Party ”

; he indulges in a satirical disapprov a l o fSunday cl a-mbakes, and in his

“Schpunda l och he has

giv en a p icture and em bodied a story which hav e beenpronounced by his church to be better than many a tem

perance l ecture . His muse also has not scorned “ occasioual poems ,

” as the one on the 3oth Anniv ersa ry of theOrdination of one of his fellow m inisters .Under the gu ise o f an Ol d cobbler, Yohl i, he phil oso

phizes ; with Yohl i h e makes a trip ( a s many in real lifehav e done ) Die

’hio naus ,

” to Vis it those of the familywho went west in the days when Ohio was West .He is particularly fond of v ersifying stories with a

point to them . One of these,“Der Geitz ,

”he has

brought with him from B rittany, another,“Der Fer

lohra Esel ,”is an Oriental tale , adapted from the High

German ,“Hummingb irds ” relates an incident in theWar

of 1 8 1 2 , and“Hans und Herrgott an anecdote of Mar

tin Luther .At times he becomes reminiscent , as in Kinner Yohr ,Die E rschta Hussa ,

” ev en yielding at times to the feelinginduced by the gray days of Nov ember—“Nofember

kl awg but here a s always , we witness the triumph of acheerful optimism , most noticeable in his poems of theseasons . Such a one has a right to his j oy in the approach

Pennsylv a nia -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 83

ing springtime , a s expressed in his l in es of welcome toDer Pihw ie

E i , guck amohl dertaDer Pihw ie is doh !

Er huckt uff ’

m Poschta

Wos is’

r so froh ;Now guckt ’

r mohl nunnerNow guckt ’

r mohl nuffNow sing

’

d’

r a bisselNow haert

’

r sehun uff.

E i, Phiw ie , wo warscht da

Se id Schpote-yohr gew est

Warscht fart m it em SummerWarscht siidl ich farraest ?

I ch denk derta drunnaHuscht

’

s Heemw eh recht ghot ,Huscht n ix w ie gedrauertWarscht

’

s Lehw a recht sot .

This is pra ised by Dr . G . W. Sandt , in The Luthe ran,

“ Genuine poetry, striking an equal , if not a higher note ,than Harbaugh .

”

And aga in his delight in the plea sures o f winter is theoutward symbol o f inward j oys

Hurrah for derWin ter, hurrah for der SchneeNau raus m it ’m Schl itta, un zahl mer ken zw ee

Hurrah for der Win ter, der Schl itta muss rausWas huckt mer am Offa ? Was will mer im Haus ?Un druf m it de Bella , sunscht is es ken G

’

fahr ,

Der Win ter is karz , un die Schl ittabah rohr.

Hurrah for derWin ter ! So eppes is GschpassDie Meed singa en Liedel , die Buwa der BassUn gehts in die Schneebank un schm eist

’

s emol umGehts drunner un dr ivve r , was gebt mer dann drum ?

2 84 The Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Soc ie ty.

While Wuchter’

s v erses prov e him a thorough Pennsylv ania German it is interesting to hav e the confi rm a

tion of it in a lett er of his own . After stating that thereare many prominent men in Ohio who still speak or atleast are able to speak the dialect, he says :

“ I am notone o f those who would like to attend the funeral of Pennsylv ania German tomorrow, if it were possible . I t runsin smoother measures than many of the dialects o f theFatherland . T hey do not asphyxiate the dialects ov erthere . There a re those who presume to write aboutthe Pennsylv ania Germans, who ar e either tota l ly ignoranto f their subj ect , or, what is worse, renegade Simon Gir tys,German blood in their v eins , but troubled with Yankee orHing l esh

’bra inbun ion s. Th ey would not recognize

their own grandm other Speaking Pennsylv an ia German ,should they happen to meet her on the street .”

Wuchter is still in his prime, and his successiv e b its o fwriting are ev incing constantly increasing force and charm .

The Index will Show that his pen is not idle .

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2 86 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

Ph ilander v on der Linde. Ke in Sone tt .PROCEEDINGS OF T HE PENNSYLVANIA-GERMAN SOCIETY, Vol .Quill—a publication of the State Un ivers ity of Iowa.Reform ed Church Messe nger . Dubbs, Septemb er 1 0

,1 89 1 .

Sch iebe l er , Dan ie l. Ein Sonett .Schlege l , August Wilhe lm . Das Sonett.T ennyson . I n Memoriam.

T he Democratic Watchman , Be l lefonte, Pa.

T hat Brush Valley should increa se its celebrity by producing a poet confers an honor upon that ancient s ettlement which should not be lightly regarded ” were thewords of the R eform ed ChurchMesseng er , September 1 0,1 89 1 , apropos o f the appearance of a v olume of Pennsylv ania-German poems by Charles Calv in Ziegler .Charles Calv in Ziegler is a Pennsylv ania German of the

Pennsylv ania Germans ; he was born June 1 9 , 1 854 , atRebersburg

,Pa .

,and is descended from a family tha t came

to America in 1 748. He attended the public schools andalso the Se l ec t Schools of R . M . Magee and Henry M eyer

( see Article ) in his home town ; it was while , as a barefootboy, he was attending these schools that one o f the

“big

boys on a Friday a fternoon recited Das Alt Schulhausan der Krick ” to the great delight o f all the school . T hiswas before Harbaugh

’

s book had been published and suchselect ions were rare , and, when secured, greatly prized .

About this time Ziegler and his brother secured a prosecopy of a New Year

’s address in the dialect ; this they hidaway as a treasure, though sometimes they recited it inschool . I t was not until some time a fterwards that theboys were willing to giv e it to the public and then the

older brother copied it and sent it to the Dem ocr a tic

Wa tchman,B el lefonte , Pa .

In 1 870 Z iegler went to liv e with his brother in WestUnion

,Iowa . In 1 873 he entered the Sta te Univ ersity

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 87

o f Iowa , from which he graduated with the class o f 1 878with the degree of Ph .B . Here it s eems that his literarywork began : one of his teachers recalls with pleasure thecharming poetic translations from Greek and Latin whichhe used to make . According to the Be thl ehem Tim es

,

B ethlehem , Pa . (September 1 , he also graduatedfrom the Lawrence Scientific School . For a few yearstherea fter he was engaged in tea ching near his old home inPennsylv ania , and writing dialect poetry for the Dem o

cra tic Wa tchm an,B ellefonte , Pa . , under the pseudonym

of Carl Schreiber .1 88 1—1 882 he spent with Professor Ulrich, o f the B eth

lehem Prepa ratory School, getting his Greek in shap e forentering the j unior class a t Harv a rd College in the Fall o f1 882 and he graduated from the a rts course here , m agna

cum l aude,1 884 , with honors in natural history and hon

orabl e mention in English composition .

His poetry written at this time receiv ed high pra ise fromhis instructor, now Prof . Barrett Wendell , o f Harv ard ;he also published some witty material in the Lampoon, andalthough a t Harv ard only two years , was elected by hiscla ss to writ e the Class Day song . Among his v erses ofthis period m ight be mentioned one in H igh German forWashington ’ s B irthday, to b e sung to the tune Laur iger

Horatius

B ruder , sagt warum so froh ?Was $011 es bedeuten ?Warum toben alle soJauchzen w ie d ie He iden ?

’

S ist weil unser WashingtonHeute war geboren ;

Darum stossen alle anSaufen w ie die T horen .

2 88 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Un sere Gesprach Club auchWill dem Georg w as bringenSpe is ’ und T rank se i unserm Bauch,I hm das Lob und S ingen .

Dieses Lied dem grossen Mann ,

Un serm Landesvater !Wer , w ie er, n icht lugen kannIst ein guter Kater !

The next year he was at the Upper Iow a State Univ ersity, a s instructor, but did not like the work ; a ccordinglyhe le ft, went to St . Lou is and drifted into business , fi rstas clerk o f the Pan M issouri T elephone Co . , whil e later hebecame connected with the American B rake Company , a

Westinghouse concern , of which he has now for manyyears been secreta ry and treasurer . I t was during thatfirst p eriod in St . Louis when , separated from all his kinand a stranger in a la rge city, there burst upon him for thefirst time in terrible earnestness the fact that during the

two years at Harv ard he had lost both father and mother .From a heart full , ev en to ov erflowing, with a species o fhomesickness he began to work upon a memorial he

planned to his mother, taking for his model T ennyson’s

memorial to his friend Hallam ,

“ In M emoriam .

” Itwa s in this way that there grew up the poem Zum Denkmal ” in nineteen songs . The fi rst one carries him backto his graduation day .

Heit g raduir ich , un m it Ehr ;Mar m aerche rum darch gross i Crowds ;Des is ’

n Wese—Mus ic , ShoutsA’s wann der Bresiden t do waer .

I ch n em m e i Shere im g rosse ShowG r ick m ei Diploma magna cum

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2 90 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

Sell is die haupt Sach ; in der Dhaa tSell is es eenzigscht Ding

’as bschtehtWann Welt um H immel mol v egeht ;

Un sel hot aa d ie Mammi g’hat.

I n ihrem kl een e F inger waarMehWeisheit vun de rechte SartA’s man cher Witzkop finne ward

I n all de B icher gross un rahr.

In some of these songs he v ery closely imitates his modeland fav orit e poet, T ennyson . In none

,howev er, has he

come qu ite SO close to T ennyson as in the tenth, wherewill b e seen the thoughts and in part a translation of thelines in Cantos 49 and 50 of

“ In M emoriam ”

B e n ear me when my l ight is lowWhen the blood creeps, and the nerves prick

And tingle ; and the heart is Sick ,A nd al l the wheels of being slow.

B e n ear me when the sen suous frameIs racked with pangs that conquer trust ;

Be n ear me when my faith is dry,

Be n ear me when I fade away,T o po in t the term of hum an strife ,

And on the low dark verge of life ,T he twi light of eternal day.

B e n ear us when w e c limb or fal l ,

Sei bei mar uf m eim Lew espaad

Un hiit m ich far de fal sche Schritt ;Veloss mich n et—ach, geh doch m it !

Noh hot’s ken Gfohr—noh laaf ich g raad.

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 9 1

Sei bei mar wann m ei Gl aawe schw acht

Um Gottes Sache l appich sin ;

Wann ich uf letzi Weege binSaag mar wub i

’

um schtel l m ich recht .

Sei bei mar in de l etschte NothWann s ich die Seel vum Karper drenn t ;Sc i be i mar , nooch

’m dunkle End,

Im ew ige Daag sei Margeroth.

I t is worth while , in the case of the man who hasmounted so high in Pennsylv ania-German literature , tonote that in addition to a true poet we hav e in Z iegler acareful and pa instaking artist , one who knows that crudematerial must be worked ov er and ov er aga in , slowly andlaboriously, before a splendid achiev ement can b e the r e

sult . For this rea son w e find his compositions elaboratedwith more care and finished with a finer touch than thoseo f any other author in the dialect . Moreov er, Z ieglerseems to possess more o f the sp irit o f poetry and to knowmore about poetic structure both in theory and its illustrat ion than any one else who h as essayed to write in the

dialect .His former teacher of Latin at the State Univ ers ity o f

Iowa,M rs . Currier, was selected as his critic and adv iser

b efore he sent the poems to the printers to be issued inbook form . In an article She later wrote to the Qui l la publication of the Univ ersity— She has rev ealed to usthe author’s consciousness o f his task . In this a rt icle shequotes from a letter o f Ziegler’s a s follows : “

Since 1 885I hav e done a great deal in my own dialect , the Pennsylv ania German . At fi rst it was uphill work, the nature o fthe dialect not seeming to b e adapted to poetical expression . I t is the language o f farmers—of a people whoselife is immersed in material things , and who hav e pa id

2 92 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Socie ty.

scarcely any attention to intellectual abst ractions . Hencethe language is graphic enough but lacks flexib ility and theae sthetic qua lity . I t is almost impossible to do any shading in it ; e . g .

,there is only one word schee or schO (Ger .

schon ) for pretty, beautiful , fine, nice , superb , gorgeous ,etc . ; in erotic expressions , it is diffi cult to find anythingpoetical enough, etc .

” In sp it e o f her ignorance of thedialect , it was not diffi cult for her to recognize the poeticquality of these selections , as we see from her followingremark : Out of consideration of my ignorance of thedialect M r . Ziegler kindly sent me with each poem its

English rendering v ery literally done , and in these , without any effort at rhyme and but little in rhythm , is foundthe true sp irit o f poetry . M rs . Currier was par ticu

l ar ly pleased with the eighth song in Zum DenkmalI ch sehn die scheckige dage g eh .

”T he conception o f

the different days , the fa ir-s eeming ones that a fter allbring us no good , the rough ones that look angry and areour friends , do we not all know them ? But only a poetcan thus set them forth .

An other illustration of Ziegler’s method of work isfound in his poem Es Schn eckehaus,

” which he dev otesto his a rt . The figure recalls Holmes

’s “ ChamberedNautilus ” ; without sinking foundations , or laying off

corners , the ugly creature , the sna il , out o f m ire and Slime ,slowly and noiselessly, builds its wondrously beautifulst ructure, in which human ingenuity can find no

.

imperfection . T hus works the poet

,but listen to the whole

poem’N Schn eckehaus ! Hoscht schun betrachtWie w unn erschee es is gemacht ?Es hot ken Fundamen t , ken Eck,

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2 94 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

Kinner ! Ehrt eier El tere ! Wann d ’r die Mammi l iebt dannward d ’r sell i scht icker Zum Denkmal ” hoch sché tze .

El tere ! Wann d ir guti Gedanke in e ier Kinn er bl anze wet ,dan n gr ick

’

n e des Buch.

Schtuden te ! (Al len town is a college town ) Wann d ir’

m Dr.Horn e se i Manual un ’

m Ziegler se i Drauss un Deheem fle issig

leest,dann het d ir ken druww el m it ’

m Virg il un Homer. ”

Well , the book made its impression , and not only onPennsylv an ia Germans , but on the cosmopolitan crit ics aswell

,as R ev . Joseph H . Dubbs , D .D . , Professor o f His

tory in Franklin and Marshall College , Lancaster, Pa .

,to

whom the poems were also submitted b efore publ ication

( 1 887 ) predicted it would . I hav e read your v erseswith great pleasure . T hey are in my Op inion composit ions o f a v ery superior order and their publication cannotfa il to b e alike honorable to yourself and to the peoplein whose language you hav e written them . T hey willcerta inly be appreciated by all persons of culture who arefamil iar with the Pennsylv ania v ernacular ; and their poeticmerit s will , I feel certa in , he recogn ized by the Germanpress of America and Europe .”

Whether the book was ev er seen in Germany a fter theedition which was printed for the author was sent toAmerica I am unable to say , but the American press hadnothing but words o f appreciation , and with these wemust still agree , with the s ingle exception of the A tlan ticMon thly; for by what menta l processes—unless it was bythe law of oppos ites—the writer in that magazine “

ih

ev itably thought o f Hans Bre itma nn seems ha rd to determ ine , for our author and Hans Br e itm ann hav e nothingwhatev er in common . The incidental criticism of JohnFiske—he had ev idently read the book

,because he cites

from it in Dutch and Quaker Colonies in America ,” Vol .

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 2 95

II,p . 352 , to illustrate the nature of the dialect and calls

it a cha rm ing book”—goes far to make us forget that

the abov e from the A tlan tic Mon thly also came fromBoston .

The Na tion,New York

,October 1 5, 1 89 1 , found it a

most curious and interesting little book, which m ight wellhav e been larger ” and gav e from it as a Specimen to itsreaders a few stanzas from the translation of Longfe llow ’s “

The Reaper and the Flowers .” B etter yet to aPennsylv ania German seems his translat ion of Longfe llow ’s “

Snowfl akes ,” which may be included here as illus

trat ing Ziegler’ s work in the field o f translation :

Aus de Luft ihrem grosse Schoos ,Runn er g

’

schittel t aus de wolkige Falte ,Iww er d ie Felder leer un blooss ,Iww er d ie Bar r ige , d ie grooe alte ,Langsam un sacht nu sche eFlattert dar Schn ee .

Juscht w ie im’me har r l iche Ged icht

Die n eww l iche Gedanke s ich v ereene ,

Juscht w ie sich im’me bl eeche Gs icht

Dr iibsal , Druwwel un Schm arz bekenn e,

So macht die Luft bekann tI hr Drauerschtan d.

Des is de Luft ihr Drauer—LiedL’

angsam in we isse Warte sacht ig g’

schr iww e

Des is die Verzw e iflung vum Gem ii th

Lang in ihre Bruscht v e ’

schteckt gebl iwwe

I n Pischpere now gem eldt

ZumWald un Feld .

T he New York Cr i tic (Nov ember 2 1 , 1 89 1 ) found thatthe language , in its so ft v oca l l ic utterance, bears to theH igh German much the same relation that the Scottish

2 96 The Pennsylv ania-Germ an Soc ie ty.

dialect bears to the English, and, like that, is well adaptedto poetry of a plaintiv e and domestic cast or to rustic funand satire . T o the latter forms Ziegler’s muse seemslittle inclined . Most of his compos itions a re o f a pensiv echa racter .” T o this we must now add that since that timeZiegler has giv en us sev eral illustrations of his j ov ialmuse somewhat in the v ein of “ Kitzel M ich Net ! ”

which is in his book—of which the best a re , no doubt , anEnglish one which I should l ike to include here and aninimitabl e translation of Oliv er Wendell Holmes ’s “

The

September Gale ,” and an original one “

Die Harte Zeite .

”

BR EGI MONUMENTUM.

Behold , I am deathless ! T he scythemanWho deems that all flesh is but grassShal l find me a tough and a l ithe m an ,

Full of years as the sands in his glass.But fare as it may w ith the EgoA nd whether or no I am crown ed ,My l ife shall not fare l ike CarthagoShall not be brought down to the ground.

I have fashioned a poem subl imerT han any that M ilton e

’er penned ,Nor did the great German atWeimarMy latest endeavor transcend .

N0 more by the c ritical c roakerShall my work as unworthy be classed ;

I am out of the hole med iocre,I ’m an author immortal at last !

Not in books like the lyrics of Horace ,But in forms of the flesh sweet and rare,

I n my Lalages , Lil ies and LaurasShall my sp irit persist and grow fair.

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2 98 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Soc ie ty.

T he storm came roar ing through the l in es ,A nd set them all a flying ;I saw the shirts and pett icoatsGo r id ing off l ike w itches ;

I lost , ah ! b itterly I wept ,I lost my Sun day breeches !

I saw them straddl ing through the a ir ,

Al as ! too late to w in them ;I saw them chase the c louds

,as i f

T he devil had been in them ;T hey were my darl ings and my pride ,My boyhood ’s on ly r iches ,Farewell

,farewell , I fain tly c ried ,

My breeches ! O my breeches !

T hat n ight I saw them in my dreams,

How changed from what I kn ew them !T he dews had steeped the ir faded threads ,T he w inds had whistled through them !I saw the w ide and ghastly ren tsWhere demon s claws had torn them ;

A hole was in the ir amplest part ,As if an imp had worn them .

I have had many happy years ,A nd tailors k ind and c lever,

But those young pan taloon s have gon eForever and forever !

A nd not t ill fate has cut the lastO f all my earthly st itches

T h is ach ing heart Shall cease to mournMy loved

,my long- lost breeches !

T ransla tion .

I ch bin ken H inkel . Hab schun VielSeptembers sehn e hausse ;

Ee’

Schtarm waar aww er sonderbaar

Pennsylv ania -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 299

Den haer ich he it noch brausse .

Der Daag devor hot m ir dar W indMei Kite m it fort genumm e ;Me i Scht roh-hut h inn e drei ,—far m ichWaar

’

n zw et ter Schtarm am kumme l

’

Swaar juscht w ie w ann’

n F raa brow iert

Die Hosse aa ’

zeziege

Mar haer t ’n Se ifzer oder zw ee

Ep ’s Fe ier aafang t ze fliege

Die Wolke hen s ich rum gedreht

Noh hot mar SChw eww el geroche ;

Die Beem hen gschittel t un gegaunschtNoh is es losgebroche !

Gott ! W ie es doch geg l eppe r t hotI n sellem w ilde Wetter !

Die B eem sin gflogge w ie im Gfecht

Vun alte deitsche Getter .Droww e um hunn e hot ’s gedoobtSchwarz, rauschig , bol l er ig , bl itzig ;

Die Aerd waar w ie en Brodtpann g’

west

S ie waar so ar r ig schpr itz ig .

’

S waar un ser Waschdaag ; uf de Lin esWaar schier die Wi sch gedr ickel t ;Dar Win d hot Wéisch un Lin es m it fortVeschat ter t un v ew icke l t .

Die Hemmer un die Unnerreck

Sin w ie v ehext rum gschosse ;

Ver lore haw ich—ach , Harr Je !Oh w eh I—me i Sundaag

’

s Hosse .

Ja , grattl ig sin s ie darch die LuftZu we it sie m eh ze finne ;

Die Wolke sin s ie noochgejaagtAls waar dar Deifel in ’

n e.Wie reich un schtol z waar ich in eich !

300 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

Now hat dar m ich v elosse ;

Gootbye , gootbye ! -so haw’

ich g’

heil t ,“Me i Hosse, O m ei Hosse !

Im Draam haw’

ich sie gsehne—ach !

Wie waare sie v erennert !

Vun Wind v erschl itzt , im Regge gsoaktS ie waare net v e ’

schenn er t !

Aa’

g’

sehn e hen Sie juscht a ’s wannDie De ifel sie v er isse ;

’N Loch waar hinn e dr in—des hotFar’n Deifel sschw anz se 1 m 1sse !

I ch hab schun gute Schn e ider ghatUn viele frohe Johre ,Me i j unge Hosse awwer sin

Far ewig m ir v elore.

Um bis dar Dod mol pischpert , Kumm ,

Du muscht d ie Aerd v elosse !

Schw aer ble ibt m e i Harz un drauervol lF ar sell i l iew e Hosse !

T hey his poems ) are in flowing, harmonious v erse ,the New York Cr itic goes on ,

“ embodying gentle andpl easing sentiments . A s a first attempt I I) to make thisinteresting German American dialect the v ehicle of l iterary expre ssion , the book may be pronounced a decidedsuccess . ”

One of the facts hinted at in the abov e had been notedin the Be thl ehem Tim es

,B ethl ehem

,Pa .

, sev eral monthsearlier (September 1 , when it sai d “

Some Of themare full o f the ten der, homely sentiment, the lack o f whichin the v erse of most American poets is one of the greatm isfortunes which come as a p enalty o f stra ining a ftereffect .” I t is not surprising that a church paper—The

R eform ed Chur ch Messeng er—should find as among the

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302 The Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Socie ty.

E s Ol tfa shion ed Buch aga inst the scorners , and v en

tures the belief that it has enough of truth for many athousand years .The fi rst mentioned poem Dar R ewwer un I ch

was tran slated into English and sent to the New York

Wor ld,February 1 1 , 1 895, by William Vincent Byars , a

New York critic, with the following note of explanation :“The other day I took down from the Shelv es of mybookcase a thin v olume in pasteboard cov ers : Poems inPennsylv an ia German ,

’

by Charles Calv in Ziegler, publ ished some l ittle whil e ago . I t is not paying M r . Z ieglertoo high compliment to say that he is as true a poet as thev ery best o f the contemporaneous writers of v erse forAmerican periodicals . He takes some pride in being thefi rst man who has ev er written a sonnet in Pennsylv an iaDutch , and I think he is entitled to the satisfaction he feelsbecause of the explo it . I will not attempt a translation ofhis sonnets

,but here is a v ersion of one of his songs ,

‘The

Riv er and I ’ which may suggest its deeply sp iritual meaning to a wider circle than it could reach in the original . ”

For present purposes it will be more to the point togiv e the original here than the translation and, if a triteexpression may be used, the translation is not equal to theoriginal .

Dar R eww er fliesst mun ter un froh deh i ’,

Sorg los rollt dar R eww er ;Ar geht se i Gang unn e Kummer un Mih ,Ar frogt n et Fe

’

w as ? Ar wunnert n et Wie ?Sorglos rollt dar R eww er .

Un so w ie dar R eww er geht gehn ich,( Sorglos rollt dar R eww er )

Ar wees dar Weg—n ie verl iert ar sich

Pennsylv a nia-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 303

Un mar t rav ’

l e zamm e recht bruderl ich ;

( Sorglos rollt dar R eww er . )

Die Welle lache wie’n l uscht ig Kind ,( Sorglos rollt dar R eww er )

Bal v ereen t , bal getrenn t—s ie wechsle gschwindDie Schpiel sache sin sie vum w ilde Win d ;( Sorglos rollt dar R ewwe r . )

Wann d ie Schtarne funkle in de NachtRuhig rollt dar R ewwe r ;

Ar schocke l t m ich e i’

, ar draagt m ich sacht ,Unn ich geb m ich gan z in Gottes Macht ;Ruhig rollt dar R eww er .

H in aus un hin ab zum ew ige SeeSorg los rollt dar R eww e r ;

Ar gebt sich hi’ unn e A ch un Weh

Un vergeht im Meer wie ’n Flocke Schn ee ;Sorglos schtarbt dar R eww er .

In connection with the first sonne t, it was rather amusing to find that cla ims to priority in any particula r department of literature such as we frequently meet in the caseof those who play the game of literature more seriously,find their counterpart among the writers o f this dialect .In 1 900 an honored member o f this Society, J . Max Hark

( see v olume a fter an inv estigat ion in which he sayshe sat isfied himself that there is no inherent lack of capabil ity for poetic expression in the Pennsylv ania German ,set about composing sev era l poems in v arious poeticalforms and speaks thus of his own essay with the sonnet .“ I t ( the sonnet ) is a form of v erse that perhaps more thanany other tests the capab ilit ies of the dialect , requiring asit

’

does , great delicacy of touch and great fl exib ility o flanguage . So fa r as I know it had nev er befor e been a t

tempted in Pennsylv ania Germ an until I tried it in ‘Im

304 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Socie ty.

Bush Vann ’s Shnyad’ and ‘Wann derWind Mohl Iwwer

dee Shdubbl e Blohsdt .

’

Nine years before this , howev er, Ziegler’s book had ap

pear ed, and in it a number of sonnets , in one of which , inits fourteen lines , he twice cla ims to hav e been the fi rst towrite a sonnet in Pennsylv ania German , and it seems , withall due regard to the member o f this Society abov e referredto

,that Ziegler’s cla im must b e allowed because o f this

margin of nine yea rs o f earlier publica tion , to say nothingo f the fact that they are dated as hav ing been composedev en nine years before that t ime . Ziegler thoroughly understands the t echnique o f this litera ry form , and in the

sonnet referred to treats his subj ect matter playfully,“ leimt zusammen as Goethe sa id, until Lo , he has thefi rst sonnet In the dialect ! T o a certa in extent it suggests the famous sonnet by August Wilhelm Schlegel onthe Nature of the Sonnet , because it touches on the sametheme though not in the same tone . In serious v einSchlegel wrote

Zwei Re ime he iss ’ ich V iermal kehren wieder ,Un stelle Sie , gethe il t , in g le iche Reihen ,

Dass hier und dort zwe i , eingefasst v on zweienIm Doppel Chore schweben auf und n ieder.

Dann schlingt des Gl eichl auts Kette durch zwei GliederS ich fre ier wechselnd , j egl iches v on dre ien .

I n solcher Ordnung, solcher zahl gedeihenDei zartesten und stol zesten der Lieder.

Den werd ich n ie m it me inen Ze ilen kranzen ,

Dem e itle Sp ielerei me in Wesen dii nket ,Und E igen s inn d ie kunst l ichen Gesetze .

Doch , w en in m ir geheim er Zauber winketDem le ih’

ich Hohe it F ii l l ’ in enge rn GrenzenUnd reines Ebenm aas der Gegensé tze.

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306 The Pennsylv a n ia-Germ a n Soc ie ty.

Auf einmal hort es auf zu fliessen .

Nun werd ich doch verzagen mussen !Doch n ein , hier ist schoon e in T erzett.

Nun beb’ ich doch—Wie werd ’ ich schl iessen ?Komm , Rosal inde, lass d ich kiissen !Hier , SchOnste , hast du dein Son ett.

one by Philander v on der Linde thus

Be i me ine r T reu ’ , es w ird m ir Angst gemacht ,I ch soll geschwind e in re in Sonet tgen sagenUnd me in e Kun st in vierzehn Ze ilen wagen ,

Bevor ich m ich auf rechter S toff bedacht ;Was re imt s ich nun auf ag en und auf a cht ?Doch eh

’

ich kann mein R eim reg ister fragen ,

Und in dem S inn das A. B . C. durchj agen ,

So w ird bere its der halbe T he il bel acht .Kann ich nun noch sechs Verse dazu tragen ,

So darf ich mich m it ke in en Grillen plagen ;Wohlan , da s ind schon w ieder dre i vollbracht '

Und we il n och viel in mein em vollen Kragen ,

So darf ich n icht am letzten Reim verzagenBei me in er T reu ! das Werk ist schon gemacht.

B esides this sonnet , Ziegler has written a number ofothers ; one on his

“ Alte F eif, another in different v einon the death of his father.In a poem with the unpoet ic title Cremation , ad

dressed to his wife , he expresses the wish not to be buriedin the earth when dead ; not only his soul but also his bodyis to fly on the wings o f Heav en .

Me i Ge ischt w ar noch immer en fre ierUn me i Le ib soll aa so se i ;M it ’m W ind soll ar rum schpatziere

I n de Luft—w ie d ie Veggel fre i .

Pennsylv ania-Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr itings . 307

I ch w ill net sei be i de Warrem ,

I m Grun d , wu d ie Sai rum drete ,

I n de Sunn w ill ich se i un de WolkeDrum sol l scht du m ich cremate.

Noh brauchst net in der Kar r ichofWann du m ich b’

suche w it ;

Noh flieg ich frei in de Luft rumUm kann dir iww eral l m it .

Noh pischper ich schoen e SacheWann ich zu d ’r kumm im ’me B reezeNoh boss ich d ich oft uf die BackeUn uf de i Maul so sii s.

Un in de Sunn wann s ie ufgehtLiichl e ich d ich freindl ich aa ,

Un segen d ich Ow ets vum H immelMei l iew e

’

gut i Fraa.

These are not the only poems ; there m ight b e ment ion ed others in which he has translated Emerson , ororiginal ones in which he shows the influence o f the en

thusiast ic Emerson studies of his youth . I close my ac

count of his littl e book with a reference to his transla tionof Bryant’ s “

T hanatopsis , which indica tes unusual skilland patient labor and which is remarkably fa ithful in the

language , reta ining as it does v ery strikingly the Sp irit o fthe original .

T o him who in the love of n ature holdsCommun ion with her visible forms , She speaksA various language ; for his gayer hoursShe has a vo ic e of gladn ess , and a sm ileAnd eloquenc e of beauty , and she gl idesIn to his darker mus ings, w ith a m ildAnd heal ing sympathy , that steals awayT he ir sharpn ess, ere he is aware.

308 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n Soc ie ty.

Zum Men sch ’as l ieb hot far d ie schee NadurUn fihl t m it ihrem Wese s ich v e

’

w andt

Schw etzt s ie en Schprooch v e’

schi ede : is ar frohDann is s ie frehl ich un v ezahl t ihm vielUn w unnerscheen i Sache , un s ie schlupptSo sacht ig un m it so ’me MitgefihlI n se i Gedanke wann ar Druwwel hot

Dass ihm se i Drauer , ep ar’s wees , v egeht .

The rest o f Ziegler’ s poems , in part published in magazines and in part unpublished as yet , may be passed morerap idly in r ev jew , although his powers hav e by no meansdiminished . After he had come back to his nativ e B rushValley and taken to himself a Pennsylv ania-German wife ,his pensiv e stra in giv es way in certa in measure to othertunes and presently we hear him s inging the pra ises o f“Zw iwwl e and “

Sauerkraut .” About the time of thearriv al of the twins he writes

Die E l ter e fihl e schtol z un frohS ie hen en Bobl i—’

s is’

n Soh’

.

Die News geht rum , um z 1em l ich glei’

Viel F re ind un Nochbere kumm e be i ,Un ganz n adir l ich kumm e aa

’

Dar Onkel Henn er un s ie F raa .

Dar Onkel , wie ar’s Kin d aaschaut ,

Liiche l t un saagt so ziml ich laut ,Ei , guck juscht wie des Kin d doch hotNoh sagt die Aun t gschwind , T ut , tut , tut !

”

Wos hot dar Onkel saage welle ?Des waer n et schw aer s ich vor ze schtel l e ;Doch wann ’s aa wohr waer,

’

s is n et gutDas mar all i Wohret saage dhut ,I ch glaab

’

s waar besser,in d ’r Dhat ,

Dar Onkel hot net alles gsaat ,Un dass se i F raa ihn abgecut

Mit ihrem gschw inde“T ut , tut , tut !

”

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3 1 0 The Pennsylv ania-Germ an Soc ie ty.

Was is die gr indl ich Ursach dannWeescht du ’s , gedre ier Handwerksmann ?Dass unser Land so v

’

oll is he itVun Mill ionaires un Bettel l eit ?

Dheel meen e des , dheel meen e selWaer Schuld an dacre dulle Shpel l ;Mir is es de itl ich w ie d ie SunnDar T ariff is d ie Schuld deyun .

In recent years he has translated Longfellow ’s v ersionof Klopstock’s “

Die T odten ,” and Andrew Lang’s “ Lost

Lov e ,”he has sung in pra is e o f “ En Simpler Mann , and

has written a beautiful ode,“Danksaagungsdaag .

”

Sev eral years ago , when a fter an automob il e trip throughLancaster County, Pa . , Pro f . Albert Bushnell Hart o fHarv ard Univ ersity, Cambridge, Mass , wrote his impress ions for the Boston Tr a nscr ipt, Ziegler , an ardent defender of the Pennsylv an ia Germans , took up the gauntletand came out with a v igorous reply to what seemed to bethe pro fessor ’s snap judgment .Likewise in v erse ,

“Die Muttersproch, has he glori

fi ed the tongue to which he turns when he wishes to talksense ; the language , not polit e, reminding one o f Goethe

’sIm Deutschen l iig t man wenn man hOflich ist ,

” Faust II—which best can expr ess his wrath ; this is also the language in which alone he seems able to approach the throneof his Creator .

Will ich recht v e ’

schtann ig schw etze

Eppes ause inann er setzeA , B , C , um cen s , zw ee , dre i ,So dass j eder common er MannKlar un de it l ich sehn e kannWe l

’

as Gold is un w el B lei,Nem ich gute deutsche Warte,

Pennsylv an ia-Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr i tings . 3 1 1

We is un schwarz i, weech un harte ,Noh vollbringt d ie Sach sich gle i ’.

Bin ich an de Wohret sucheUn fin Ungerechtigkeit ,Liige , Heichl erei um Schtreit

Bis ich alles kenn t v e ’

fluche ,

Schte igt m ei Zarn“

w ie rothe FlammeUn will alles noh v e

’

damme ,

Use ich n et’

n Schprooch polite ;Nee ! ich n emm me i de itsche WarteBeissig scharf w ie H ickory GarteHack derwedder dass es batt ;Schlack druf los nu fluch m ich satt !

Wann ich w ar die S inde led ig,Schw aer bedr ickt vun m e in re Schuld ,A rnscht l ich noh un ehrl ich bet ’ ichUm Vergebun g, Gnad um Huld ;Kann dar Vater Un ser

,meen ich,

I n de Mutterschprooch al leeM ich recht haere un v e

’

schteh ;

Far in deitche Warte l een igHot die Mamm i m ich gel arn tWe i ze bete ; m ich bere itZ e mache far d ie Ewigke it ;Hot dar Daad i m ich gewan n tUn gerothe braav un g raad,

Zu wan dle uf ’

m Lewes-paadGrosser Gott ! O , schteh mar be i !Helf mar doch en Gr ischt ze se i !

Dr Hermann H . Fick, o f C incinnati, in a little pamphl eton Deutsch Amerikanische Dialekt Dichtung has sa idDer wahre Dichter folgt dem Gebote der Empfindung enund Gefiihl e , welche m i cht ig umWiedergab e werben und

3 1 2 The Pennsylv a n ia-German Socie ty.

nach Gestaltung ringen . Er gehorcht der gebietendenStunde und singt weil es ihn dazu treibt. Das was ihnfreudig oder in T rauer bewegt, sein eigenstes Wesen ,Bussert er in seinen Versen .

”T o no writer in the Penn

sylv ania-German dialect do these lines seem to be so com

pl ete ly applicable as to Charles Calv in Ziegler, late o fB rush Valley, Pa . , and now of St . Louis

,Mo .

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3 1 4 The Pennsylv a n ia-Germ a n Socie ty.

Thus did R . Y . Tyrrell introduce a series o f lectures onthe literature of a people ( the Romans ) whose history andintellectua l life are , and in the nature o f the case alwayswill be

,on a plane v astly higher than that which we hav e

here treated can ev er hope to b e ; but the principle is thesame and seems to be particularly applicable in the case o fa people relativ ely unknown , ifwe are to understand them .

What Armstrong Wauchope sa id in the Nor th Am er

ican R ev iew (May, 1 894 , Vol . 1 58, p . 640) o f storywriters in general seems to apply with peculia r aptness tothe authors that here hav e been considered . Story writing ,

”he sa id, is an attempt to preserv e the life o f a cer

ta in time and locality w ith all the concomitants o f localcoloring . The personal experience of the writer becomesthus all important a s it Should . He can testify only o fwhat he kn ows .” The large element o f b iography here int roduced is, therefore, neither unprecedented nor, in the

nature of the case , unreasonable .T he principle reasons for the existence o f the dialect

literature hav e been pointed out in a chapter at the beginning of this essay ; special reasons indiv idual writershav e had for writing in the dialect hav e been noted underthe respectiv e authors .

“Der wahre Dichter folgt dem Gebote der Empfin

dungen und Gefiihl e welche m i chtig um Wiedergabewerben und nach Gestaltung ringen . Er ‘ gehorcht der

g ebeitenden Stunde ’ und singt weil es ihn dazu treibt .Das, was ihn freudig oder in T rauer bewegt , sein eigenstesWesen i ssuer t er in seinen Versen . Der Dialect zeigtdas Volk w ie es ist , be i seinen Festen und in s einem Leide ,an der Arbeit und bei seiner Erholung, in seinem Hoffenund seinem Harren , w ie n icht minder im Verkehr m itHOherg estel l ten sowohl a ls m it Seinesgleichen oder Un

Pennsylv ania-Germ a n D ia l ect Wr i tings . 3 1 5

tergebenen . So wrote Dr . Hermann H . Fl ick in a smallpamphlet on Deutsch-Amerikanische Dialekt Dichtung .

T he Pennsylv ania-German dialect poets hav e done exactlywhat this writer requ ires and this it is which renders theirproductions from the v iewpo int of the Kultur H istorikerof the utmost v alue . Criticism and fault-finding , of whichthe literature has been made to bear the brunt , shouldmore properly be lev elled at the people ; if the writers haddone otherwis e than a s they did, their picture had beenless true . I f the poetry occasionally falls to a flat anddreary l ev el it Should b e remembered that in a measurethe people a re themselv es prose ( not to say prosy ) idylls ,and the wonder is not that they sang no better , but tha t ,what with the horrors of war in the Rhine v alley beforetheir migration , what with a long struggle in America ,a fterwards, in which they were

Busy with hewing and bu ild in g, with gardenplot and withm erested

Busy with breaking the glebe , and mowing grass in the meadow ,

when not fighting sav age Indians , they plucked up courageenough to Sing at all . Their language in the n ew surroundings could grow only by the engra fting of foreignforms and ev en then was useless except in the ir own smallterrito ry, an oasis as it were, surrounded by the v ast bodyof English settlements . What other people hav e so compl etely expatria ted themselv es and yet reta ined so truly anindiv iduality o f their own , ev en to the extent of creatinga l iterature ? “

T his poetical literature o f the Penn sylv ania Germans , says Professor Faust,

“is one o f the few

original notes in American lyrical poetry.

”

Al though the great German Hebel was held up as apattern to our fi rst characteristic singer, Harbaugh , yet the

3 1 6 The Pennsylv a nia-Germ an Soc ie ty.

latter must b e allowed to rank as an original poet, in spiteo f scattered traces of possible influence, for Harbaugh wasa poet , before he became a dialect poet . All others

, be

fore or s ince were , perhaps unfortunately, but nev erthelessav owedly

,either tran slators

,or else truly original a s far

as foreign influence is concerned in the manner of express ion , and were dependent only, if a t all , on Harbaugh inpoetry and R an ch in prose .Compar ison wi th Poe ts of the F a ther la nd—T his is a

wide fi eld ; I hav e endeav ored wherev er the material wasaccessible to compare the feeling, thoughts and ideas o fthe Pennsylv ania-German poets with those of dialect poetso f the Fatherland, and hav e frequently noted how easilythey may be paralleled ; the impulse that makes so manybreak forth in song in defense of the dial ect does notspring from fashion ; it has its roots in real feeling. Theirhopes and asp ira tions , their j oys and sorrows are , as arule

,from the same sources , in their rustic philosophy

they not seldom agree .Me tr e a nd R hythm .

—I n this our poets often leav emuch to be desired ; they are too frequently satisfied witha rhyme, nor can we say that ev en here they are uniformlygood . T he rhythm in many cases can be easily assisteda fter the manner described by Fischer in one of his mett ical corrections of misprints

Im n eechster Ze il , g raad unnedra

As fierte Wort leest schwarzDort mach en e noch hinnedraSunscht fal lt d ie Ze il zu karz .

A comparison of sundry of the poems with the authors ’

manuscript leads me to the conclusion that we are j ustifiedin helping out many a line o f this cha ract er, which halts

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3 1 8 The Pe nnsylv an ia-German Socie ty.

s ich fur den Dialekt alles was den treffenden Ausdruck derauf gesundem M enschen Verstand beruhenden prakt ischenMoral v erlangt : Die Spruchdichtung , ferner t iefe undinnige

,dabei aber ganz n at iir l iche Empfindung en , v or

ziig l ich aber alle Arten der sowohl derben , als scha l khaften Komik und Hum or istik.

”

The sa tirico-didactic element that has gradually creptinto this kind of literature has been elsewhere emphasized .

La nguag e—The language used by the writers v aries

from the one extreme , where stand those who stepped atnothing short o f incorporating any word in the UnabridgedEnglish Dictionary if necessary, a fter the manner of thepolit ical orator who told his audience that a certa in policymust be pursued damit die prerogativ es vun der Constitution net g ev iol a te warn

” —all the way to the other extreme of those who substituted a H igh German equiv alentin place o f English words in the Germanized form whereno true dialect form existed, and ev en to the still moreadv anced position of the writer who mixes English, HighGerman and dialect, in a sentence like this

“I ch nu der

Darwin ag reea in dem . Er sagt un s das im anfang wiecosmos gleichartig is worra , hat enw icke lung augfanga auswelchem molecul e gewachsen sin . Molecule han protoplasm g

’

m acht und bald werd alles l icht,” etc .

E . D . Leisenring criticized, on the one hand , Wollenweber for his German , and on the other,

“Der Alt Kun

radt,” of Ohio , for his English, in language that is not

free from either .August Sauer, in the Introduction to Die , Deutschen

Sacul ar Dichtungen an der Wende des 1 8 u . 1 9 Jahrhunder ts says : “Wenn das Leben des M enschen sichdem Ende naher t so treten die Ereign isse seiner fr iihestenJugend am st

'

arksten in seinem Gedachtn isse herv or. In

Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n D ia l ec t lVr itings . 3 I 9

Geron der Adelige Wieland had already expressed thesame idea thus

Das Alter ist geschw a tzig , w ie ihr wisst ,Es liebt zu reden von den guten Ze iten ,

Die n icht mehr s ind , in den en es , als w ieI n e in em T raum allein n och lebt .

These two quotations describe accurately the s ituationwith respect to Pennsylv ania-German Dialect Literature.I t is the product o f the old age of the dialect-speakingperiod ; Schaff in urging Harbaugh to writ e felt sure thatthe dialect would pass away and ev ery historian sincethen has noted its passing . The unity o f the literatureit has giv en us in its la st days is not that o f an organismof growth, it is rather the unity o f a patchwork quilt, a sit has been described by one of the dialect writers ,

’

S is juscht en comm om er Deppich—sch !

En qu ilt , alt fash ion—awer schee.Wie scheckig guckts ! Die Patches fei !Die sche ina Schpotjohrs Bl et ter zu se i.

F it epitaph ; comm on in the dialect sense o f simpl e , pl a inawer schee Dialect-sp eaking grandmother made it forgrandchildren , who at best understand but can no longerspeak her speech . T he qu ilt grew according to her leisure ,now many patches in qu ick succession , then a long pauseand then another Stern ”

( as she called the blocks ) untilat last it is finished . But grandmother does not stop ,there will b e another and perhaps yet another “

Stern ”

but there will nev er aga in be another Deppich .

”Grand

mother’s work is done .What the dialect writers hav e le ft , they hav e left to

the generation that can hardly understand it ; and whil ethere will still b e poems written and prose too , the period

320 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ a n Socie ty.

of Pennsylv ania-German dia lect literature is ov er ; Schpot

johrs Bl etter , ja Schpotjohrs Bl etter !But it would not be proper to take leav e o f this work

thus . The ten years or more that it has been my priv ilege to dev ote to the collecting and studying of the dialectwritings and their writers hav e been years of great satisfa ction and pleasure ; each day of search brought new andagreeable surprises, and we of their race would not b eproperly grateful in our day if we fa iled to express ourappreciation of what they hav e wrought for us , their effortto put into liv ing and lasting literary expression the heartthrobs and impulses , and the inner life o f our kindred andpeople . And though we are not going to hav e any moregrandmother’s Deppichs

” there are some other thingsalong that line that we shall hav e no more . The Pennsylv ania-German dialect has seen its golden era ; itsprophets and apostles hav e come and gone ; its ElizabethanAge has had a historic completion , but the lo ft iness oftheir insp iration , the subt ility of their conception , the boldness of their execut ion has giv en a lasting and distinctiv e

pl ace in dialect l iterature ; its singers , with a few excep

tions , hav e le ft us a rich legacy ; we enshrine them in ourmemory and glory in their illustrious work . T o createa dialect literature in a country where the kindred language is used, is something ; to hav e created a Pennsylv ania-German dialect literature when the language o f theirschools

,increasingly o f their churches , and altogether of

their national life , is English, was an achiev ement .

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32 2 The Pe nnsyl vania-Germ an Socie ty.

BAER , GEORGE F . T he Penn sylvan ia German s. I n the M ercersburg Review, Vol . 2 3 , p . 2 48.

T he Penn sylvan ia German s. Myerstown , Pa. , 1 875.

BAHN , RACH EL. Poems . In troduct ion by Rev. Ziegler. York,1 869 .

BE IDELMAN, WILLIAM . T he Story of the Pennsylvan ia German s : embrac ing an accoun t of their origin , their h istory andthe ir d ialec t. Easton , Pa . , 1 898.

Berks Coun ty, Pa . , Historical Soc iety, Publication s of the .

Read ing, Penn sylvan ia.

BERLIN, ALFR ED FRANKLIN. Walter Jacob Hoffman . I n

Pennsylvan ia German , Vol . VIII , p . 1 2 .

B er l in R ecord. Jan . 7, 1 893 . B erl in , Somerset Coun ty, Pa .B er l in T im es. Berl in , Germany.B ethl ehem T im es. Bethlehem , Penn sylvan ia.BEYER , C. Deutsche Poetik, T heoret isch-praktisches Handbuchder deutschen Dichtkun st. Dritte Auflage. Berlin , 1 900.

B iographie, Allgeme in e Deutsche. Leipzig, 1 875 if.

B I TTENGER , LUCY F . Penn sylvan ia German s . I n the NewEnglan d Magazin e , 1 902 .

Book News Mon thly, The . Philadelphia, Pa . ,1 9 1 0.

BOONASTI EL , GOTTLIEB . See HARTER , T . H .

BOSSE , GEORG VON. Das Deutsche Elemen t in den Verein igtenStaaten , un ter besonderer Ber ii cksicht igung seines politischen ,

ethn ischen , soc ial en und erzieherischen E influsses. Preisge

kron te Schrift. New York, 1 908.

Boyerstow n Bauer , Der . Boyertown , Penn sylvan ia.B rains. Boston , Massachusetts.BRENDLE

,A. S . H istory of Schaefferstown , Pa. York, Pa . ,

1 901 .

BUCK , M ICHEL. Bagenga’

. Oberschw abische Ged ichte. Stuttgart, 1 892 .

BUEHRLE , R. K. On an An thology. I n the Pennsylvan ia Germ an ,

Vol . VII , p . 42 2 .

Calender, Wel tbote. Allen town , Pa. Annually.Can ton R epository. Canton , Ohio.

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings . 32 3

Carbon Coun ty Dem ocra t . Mauch Chunk, Pa.CARTER . See GLOSSBRENNER .

Cen ter Coun ty, B iographica l Ann als of.Cen ter Coun ty Dem ocra t . B ellefon te , Penn sylvan ia.Chr ist R eform ed Chur ch News. Philadelphia , Pa.Ciar la . Annual of the Jun ior Class at Muhlenberg College ,Al len town , Penn sylvan ia.

COBB , SANFORD H . T he Palatine or German Imm igration toNew York and Penn sylvan ia. Wyom ing H istorical and

Gen eal ogical Soc iety, Wilkesbarre , Pa . , 1 897.

T he S tory of the Pal at in es. An Ep isode in Colon ialH istory. New York and London , 1 897.

CROLL, P. C. I . D . Rupp. I n the Penn sylvan ia German , Vol .

VII , 1 , 1 .

Dem ocra t ic Wat chm an , The . Bellefon te, Penn sylvan ia.Deutsche K ir chenfr eud, Der . R edig ir t v on Dr. Schaff, Mercersburg, Pa . , 1 848—1 850.

Deutsche Pion ier , Der . Erinn erungen aus dem Pion ier Lebendcr Deutschen in Amerika. Herausgegeben vom DeutschenPion ier Vere in , Cincinnati, Ohio, 1 869—1 887.

Deutsche Pion ier Verein , Publ icat ion s of the. Philadelph ia, Pa.D ialec t Notes .DIEFENDERFER , F. R . Review of Der Dengel stock in the

Lancaster New Era, Lancaster, Pa.DOR IOT, SOPH IA. Beginner’s Book in French. Boston , 1 886.

DUBBS, J . H . The Penn sylvan ia Germans. I n T he Nation ,

New York , Vol . 4 1 , p. 532 .

EARLE , ALICE MORSE . Home Life in Colon ial Days. New

York, 1 898.

EBY, EZRA E . T he B iographical H istory of Waterloo T ownsh ip and other T own sh ips of the Coun ty

,be ing a history of

the early settlers , mostly of Pennsylvan ia Dutch Orig in .

B erlin , On tar io, 1 895.

EGLE , W. H . I . D . Rupp . I n the H istorical Magazin e , F ebruary, 1 871 .

324 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

EICHRODT , LUDWIG. Rheinschw abisch : Ged ichte in m ittelbad ischer Sprechwe ise , Zweite Auflage , Karlsruhe, 1 873 .

ELLIS, ALE ! ANDER J. Early En g l ish Pronun c iat ion ,London ,

1 869 .

ELLIS EVANS. H istory of Lancaster Coun ty, Pa. Phil adel

ph ia, 1 883 .

ERMENTROUT , DANIEL . Our People in American H istory. An

orat ion del ivered at the German Cen tenn ial Jub ilee at Reading , Pa . , Jun e 1 9 , 1 876. Reading, 1 876.

F a ther A braham . Lancaster, Pa . , 1 868.

F a ther A braham . Reading, Pa . , 1 864.

FAUST , ALBERT BERNHARDT. T he German Elemen t in the

Un ited S tates , with spec ial reference to its pol it ical , moral ,soc ial and educational influence. Boston and New York,1 909 .

FI CK H . H . Die Dial ec tdichtung in der Deutsch-Amer ikan

Ischen Lit teratur . C inc inn at i , Ohio . No date.FISHER , HENRY L . Kurzwe il un Ze itvertre ib , Odder Pennsyl

v an isch Deutsche Fol ks-Lieder , York , Pa . 1 882 . 2 d edi

tion , 1 896.

Olden T imes : or, Pennsylvan ia Rural Life some fiftyyears ago and other poems . York, 1 886.

’

S Al t Mar ik-Haus Mit tes in D ’r Schtadt , un die Al teZe ite : En Cen tenn ial Poem in Penn sylvan isch Deutsch.

York, Pa . , 1 879 .

Short H istorical Sketch of the Penn sylvan ia German s.Chicago , I ll .

FISHER , SYDNEY GEORGE . T he Making of Penn sylvan ia.Philadelphia, Pennsylvan ia. 1 896.

T he Penn sylvan ia Dutch. Chicago Record Herald , Cctober 9 , 1 901 .

FLORY, JOHN L. Literary Act ivity of the German BaptistB rethren . Published by the Un iversity of Virgin ia. 1 909 .

FLUGBLATT . Privately publ ished poems.F olkl or e, J our na l ofAm er ican . Boston , 1 888 if.

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326 The Pennsylv a nia -Ge rm an Soc ie ty.

HARBAUGH , HENRY. Harbaugh’

s Harfe : Ged ichte in Pennsyl v an isch-Deutscher Mundart. Herausgegeben von B .

Bausman . Philadelph ia, Pa . , 1 870.

Hours at Home . Oc tober, 1 866.

Poems. Philadelphia , Pa . , 1 860.

HARBAUGH , LINN . Life of the Rev. Hen ry Harbaugh , D .D . ,

with an In troduct ion by Dr. Nathan C. Schaeffer and Eulogyby Rev. E . V. Gerhart. Philadelphia, Pa . , 1 900.

HARR IS, ALE ! ANDER . A B iograph ical H istory of LancasterCoun ty, Pa. Lan caster , 1 872 .

Har r isburg Sta r I ndependen t . Harrisburg, Pennsylvan ia.HARTER , T . H . Boonast iel , A volume of legen d , story and

song in Penn sylvan ia Dutch.

” B ellefon te , Pa . , 1 904.

Hausfr eund, Der .

HEBEL, JOHANN PETER . Al l em an ische Ged ichte , 1 803 .

Heidelberg A rg us. He idelberg , Ohio.Heide lberg Hera l d. Philadelph ia, Penn sylvan ia.HE ILMAN , SAMUEL P . Pr ivate Scrap Book.

HERRINGSHAW’

S Encyc loped ia of Amer ican B iography.HOLDER , AUGUST. Alleweil v ergn iiagt ! Schwabisches Vortrag

und Singbuch. Dritte Auflage . S tuttgart. No Date .Gesch ichte der Schw abischen Dialektd ichtung . Heil

bronn , 1 896.

HORNE , A. R. Pennsylvan ia German Manual . How Pennsylvan ia German is spoken and written . For Pronounc ing,speak ing and wr iting Engl ish. Kutztown , 1 875.

2 d ed it ion,Allen town , Pa . , 1 895.

3d ed ition , Allen town , Pa . , 1 905.

4th ed it ion , Allen town , Pa . , 1 9 1 0.

HULSBUCK , SOLLY. See M ILLER , HARVEY.

HUNGERFORD, AUSTIN N . See MATHEWS, ALFRED.

I ndependen t, The . New York, Jun e 24 , 1 880.

I ndependen t Gazette . Ph iladelphia, Pa . , 1 9 1 0.

Kal enn er , Un ser Penn sylvan isch Deutscher, 1 895.

Kal enner , Un ser Penn sylvan isch Deutscher, 1 905.

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia lec t Wr itings . 327

KLOTz ,JOHANN. See WARNER , JOSEPH H .

KNORTZ ,KA RL . Geschichte der Nordamerikan ischen Litteratur .

Berlin,1 89 1 .

Stre ifzii ge auf dem Geb iete amerikan ischer VolkskundeAltes und Neues. Le ipzig. NO date.

KOBELL, FRANZ VON. Gedichte in Pfiil zischer Mundart. 5teAuflage. Miinchen , 1 862 .

KOONS, ULYSSES S . Hen ry Harbaugh. I n Proceed ings of thePenn sylvan ia German Soc iety, Vol. XVIII , Penn sylvan iaGerman Literature Departmen t , p. 5.

KUHNS OSCAR . T he Germ an and Swiss Settlemen ts of Colon ial Penn sylvan ia : A study of the so-called Penn sylvan iaDutch. New York, 1 901 .

Lancas ter Coun ty H istorical Soc iety, Publications of the . Lan

caster , Penn sylvan ia , 1 896 to date.Lan caster New E ra . Lancaster , Penn sylvan ia.LEARNED,

MAR ION DE ! TER . T he Penn sylvan ia German Dialect.Part I . Baltimore, 1 889 .

Lebanon Coun ty, B iographical Annals of. Chicago , 1 904.

Lebanon Coun ty H istorical Soc iety , Publications of the . Lebanon ,

Penn sylvan ia, 1 898 to date .Leban on Cour ier . Lebanon , Penn sylvan ia.Leban on Da ily News. Lebanon

,Pa . , Dec . 1 6, 1 898.

Lebanon R epor t . Leban on , Pa . ,Nov. 2 , 1 901 ; Feb . 5, 1 900 ;

Meh. 1 0, 1 893 .

Leban on Vol hszeitung , Lebanon , Pa . , Feb . 8, 1 899 .

LELAND, CHARLES GODFREY. Han s Bre itm an’

s Ballad ’s . Com

pl ete Ed it ion . Philadelphia, Pa . , 1 869 .

LINS, JAMES C . Common Sen se Penn sylvan ia German D ic t ionary. Con tain in g nearly all the Penn sylvan ia German wordsin Common use . Read ing, Pa . , 1 887. 2 d ed ition , 1 895.

London Saturday Gl obe . Lon don , Aug. 1 8, 1 888, Vol. 66, pp .

LONG, HARR IET. Selec t B ibl iography of the Penn sylvan iaGerman .

Lutheran , The . Phil adelphia, Pa.

32 8 The Pennsylv ania-German Socie ty.

MANN, WILLIAM J. Die Gute Alte Zeit in Pennsyl fan ien ,Philadelphia, 1 880.

Manuscr ipts. From the private effects of various authors. A.

C . Wuchter , El i Keller, Adam S tump , Hen ry Meyer,T homas B . Rhoads, George Mays, Lou isa Weitzel and A.

B . Koplin .

MATHEWS, ALFRED, AND HUNGERFORD, AUSTIN N . H istoryof Leh igh and Carbon Coun ties. Philadelphia, 1 884. Con

tain s a len gthy chapter on the Penn sylvan ia German s : theirH istory, Character, Customs, Language , Literature and R el ig ion , con tr ibuted by Dr. A. R. Horn e .

Mer cersburg R ev iew . Mercersburg, Pa . , 1 848.

M ILLER , DANIEL. Penn sylvan ia German . A Collect ion ofPenn sylvan ia German produc t ions in Prose and Verse . Withan In troduc tion by Presiden t J. S . S tahr. Reading, Pa . ,

1 904 .

Penn sylvan ia German ,Vol . I I , Sel ec tion s in Prose and

Verse. Reading, Pa . , 1 9 1 1 .

M ILLER ,HARVEY ( SOLLY HULSBUCK ) . Selections in Prose and

Verse. El izabethville,Pa . , 1 9 1 1 .

Penn sylvan ia German Stories . El izabethville, Pa . , 1 907.

Pen nsylvan ia German Poems. El izabethville, Pa . , 1 906.

2 d ed it ion .

MOMBERT, J . I . An Authen tic H istory of Lancaster County,Pa. Lan caster , 1 869 .

MONTGOMERY, MORTON L . H istorical and B iograph ical Ann al sof Berks Coun ty

, Pa. Ch icago, I ll . , 1 909 .

MONTGOMERY, MORTON L . H istory of Berks Coun ty,Pa.

Philadelphia, 1 886.

Mon tg om ery T ranscr ipt . Skippack, Pa.Muhl enberg Mon thly. S tuden t ’s Publication of MuhlenbergCollege, Al len town , Pa.

NADLER , KARL G. Frohlich P falz, Gott Erhal ts ! Gedichte inPfiilzischer Mundart . 2 te Auflage. Kaisersl autcrn .

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330 The Pennsylv ania-German Soc ie ty.

R. E . D . Leisen ring. I n Der Deutsche Pion ier, Vol. XIV,

p . 68.

RADLOF , Mustersaal aller teutschen Mundarten . Bonn . 1 82 2 .

RAUCH , E. H . Pennsyl v an ish Deitsh. De Campain Breefa fumPit Schweffel bren ner un de Bevvy , si Al ty, gepubl ished OllyWoch in “ Father Abraham . Lan caster , 1 868.

Penn sylvan ia Dutch Han dbook. A book for In struc t ion .

Mauch Chunk, Pa . , 1 879 .

Penn sylvan ia Dutch Rip v an W inkle. A R omanct ic

Drama in two acts. T ranslated from the orig in al with variat ion s . Mauch Chunk, 1 883 .

R eading E ag l e . Read ing, Pa.R eading T e l eg ram . Reading , Pa.R eading T im es a nd D ispa tch. Read ing, Penn sylvan ia.R eform ed Chur ch Messeng er , The . Weekly. Philadelphia, Pa

1 82 8 to date.R eform ed Chur ch R ecord, The . Weekl y. Reading, Pa . , 1 888

to date .R eform ed Chur ch R ev iew ,

The . Quarterly. Lan caster, Pa.

RE ICHEL,WILLIAM C. H istorical Sketch of Nazareth Hall from1 755 to 1 869 with an accoun t of the Reun ion s of formerpup ils. Philadelph ia, 1 869 .

RE IFF , AUGUST. Rosestuck, Hol derbluet . Schw abische Cc

d ichte. 3 te Auflage. S tuttgart . No date.RILEY, JAMESWH ITCOMB . T he d ial ect in Literature. Forum ,

XIV,p . 465.

R INGWALT , MRS. J. C. I . D . Rupp . I n Der Deutsche Pion ier ,Vol . VI , 351 .

R I TSCHL , G. F . Imperial German Con sul at Philadelphia. Person al letter.

RUSH , BENJAMIN. An accoun t of the Mann ers of the GermanInhab itan ts of Penn sylvan ia written in 1 789 . Notes addedby I . D . Rupp . Philadelph ia, Pa. ,

1 875.

St . Louis R epubl ic . S t. Louis , Mo.SAUER , AUGUST. Die Deutsche Sekul ar-D ichtung an derWande

Pennsylv a nia -German D ia l ec t Wr itings . 33 1

des 1 9 . Jahrhunderts . Deutsche Litteratur Denkm al er , 9 1

1 04 , Berl in ,1 901 .

SCHAFF , D. S . T he Life of Phil ip Schaff. New York,1 897.

SCHOPF JOHANN DAVID. Re ise durch e in ige der m ittlern und

siidl ichen vere in igten nordam e r ikan ishen Staaten n ach OstFlorida und den Bahama Inseln , un ternommen in den Jahren1 783 und 1 784. Erlan gen , 1 788, 2 Bande.

Scran ton T r ibun e . Scran ton , Pa.Scran ton T ruth , Scran ton , Pa.Smul l

’

s Legislative Handbook. Harrisburg , Pa. Annually.Spir it ofB erks. Read ing, Pa.

STAHR , J . S . T he Penn sylvan ia German s. I n the M ercersburgReview , Oc tober, 1 870.

In troduction to Dan iel M il ler’s Penn sylvan ia German .

Read ing, Pa . , 1 904.

STEDMAN ,EDMUND CLARENCE . Private Letter.

STE INER ,LEWIS H . T he Penn sylvan ia German s. I n the Inde

penden t , New York , Jun e 2 4 , 1 880.

STETZEL, HENRY. A B r ief B iography of Moses D issinger,Preacher of the Evangelical Assoc iation , Allen town , Pa . ,

1 892 .

STOUDT, JOHN BAER . Penn sylvan ia German Riddles and

Rhymes. I n the Journ al of American Folklore, Vol . XIX ,

p . 1 1 3 . Pennsylvan ia German Society Proceedings , Vol .XXIII .

T HOMPSON , ROBERT ELLIS. Hen ry Harbaugh. I n the PennMon thly, Vol. I , p . 80. Philadelphia, Pa.

T own and Coun try. Penn sburg, Pa.T RE! LER , B . F. Skizzen aus dem Lecha T hale . E in e Sammlung v on Nachrichten fiber die ersten An siedlungen derWe issen in d ieser Gegend . Von Ben . All en town , Pa . ,

1 880—1 886.

T ruebn er’

s Am er ican and Or ien ta l J our na l , London and Strassburg, Jan . 2 4, 1 870.

T YRRELL , R . B . Lec tures on Latin Poetry. Boston and New

York, 1 895.

332 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ a n Socie ty.

WANHOPE . Val ue of Dialect. North American Review, Vol.1 58, p . 640.

WARNER , JOSEPH H . ( JOHANN KLOTZ ) . Amer ikan ische Historic . Annville , Penn syl van ia, 1 905.

Pr ivate Sc rap Books.WE ISER , C. Z . T he Life of (John ) Con rad Weiser, T he Ge rmann Pion eer, Patriot , and Patron of two races. First edit ion , 1 876 ; Secon d Ed it ion , 1 899 .

Wil kesbar r e R ecord. Wilkesbarre, Pa.WOLLENWEBER , LUDWIG A. Gemal de aus dem Pennsyl v an ischen

Volksleben : Sch ilderungen und Aufsatze in poet ischer und

prosaischer Form , in Mun dart und Ausdrucksweise derDeutsch Pennsyl van ier , verfasst und zusammengetragen .

Philadelphia und Leipzig, 1 869 .

WOODBERRY, GEORGE E. Apprec iat ion of Literature , New York ,1 907.

York Coun ty H istorical Soc iety , Publ ication s of . York, Pa.

Ze itschr ift fur Deutsche Munda r ten . I n Auftrage des Vorstan desdes Allgeme in en Deutschen

”

Sprachvere in s . Herausgegebenvon Otto He il ig und Ph ilip Lenz. Jahrgang 1 906. Berl in .

Verlag des Al lgeme in en Sprachverein s. Vier tel j iihr l ich.

ZIEGLER ,CHARLES C. Draus un Daheem . Ged ichte in Penn

syl v an isch De itsch. Le ipzig, 1 89 1 .

ZIMMERMAN , GUSTAV ADOLPH . Deut sch i n Amerika. B‘

e i

trage zur Geschichte der Deutsch Amerikan ischen Literatur,Chicago, 1 894.

ZIMMERMAN , T HOMAS C. Schiller’s Song of the Bell,

and

Other Poems Prin ted for Private Circulation , Read ing, Pa. ,

1 896.

Private Scrap Book.Olla Podrida. Con sisting of Addresses, T ran slations

Hymn s, Poems and sketches of out door l ife. Reading, Pa. ,

1 903 . 2 volumes .

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334 The Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Soc ie ty.

GRAEFF, I . E . Reformed Church Messenger, Philadelphia, Vol.LXXVIII , No. 1 6, 1 9 .

Reformed Church Record , Read ing, Pa.HARK , J . MA! . Personal corresponden ce and in terview.

Proceed ing s of the Penn sylvan ia German Soc iety, Vol . II I , 1 59 .

Proceed ings of the Penn syl van ia German Soc iety, Vol . X ,

App . 1 .

T ributes of esteem by Lan caster fr iends.HE ILMAN ,

S . P. B iographical Ann als of Lebanon Coun ty, Chicago, 1 904.

Lebanon Coun ty H istorical Soc iety Publ icat ion s, Vol. I , 2 .

Personal In terview and Correspon den ce.Proceed ings of the Penn sylvan ia German Society, Vol . VI , Vol .II I , 1 59 .

HORN , A. P . In terviews with members of his fam ily.Penn sylvan ia German

,Vol . XI , 1 0, 62 6.

Reformed Church Messenger, Philadelph ia, Pa.Reformed Church Record , Read ing, Pa.

KOPLIN, A. B . Correspondence with J. S . Dubbs .He idelberg Argus , Oh io.In terviews and Correspondence.

LE ISENR ING, E . D. Der Deutsche Pion ier, C incinnati, O Vol .XIV. , 68

Freidensbote, Allen town ,Pa.

REINECKE , E. W. Franklin and Marshall Coll ege ObituaryRecord , Vol . I , p . 48.

Penn sylvan ia German , Vol . X , 7, 3 1 6.

SCHANTZ , F. J. F. Muhlenberg Mon thly, Allen town , Pa . ,Vol .

IV, 2 .

Proceed ings of the Pennsylvan ia German Society, Vol . IV, 1 79

Vol. XVI , 37.

SHEELE IGH , M . N . Proceed ings of the Pennsylvan ia GermanSoc iety , Vol . I II , p. 1 81 , and Vol . X ,

p . 36.

VOGT, JOHN. Reformed Church Al man ac , 1 903 , p. 54.

Reformed Church Messenger.

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 335

WITMER , T OB IAS. Muhlenberg Mon thly, Allen town , Pa . , Vol .IV, 2 .

Penn sylvan ia Dutch. Haldemann , London , 1 872 .

Pennsylvan ia Dutch Handbook. Rauch, Mauch Chunk , 1 879 .

Penn sylvan ia German Dialec t. Learn ed,Balt imore , 1 889 .

T he Penn sylvan ia Dutchman , Lancaster , Pa.T ran saction s of the Am erican Philol og ical Assoc iat ion , Vol . I ,80.

WE ISER , C. Z . Proceed ings of the Penn sylvan ia German Society,Vol . I I I , 1 86 ; Vol . VIII , 1 5.

Reformed Church Messenger.Reformed Church Record .

AN INDEX OF PENNSYLVANIA—GERMANDIALECT LITERATURE .

ABBREVIATIONS USED.

Al . Alleman ia.Al l . Dem . Allen town Democrat.Am . Volk. Amerikan ische Volkskunde .B . Co. Express Bucks Coun ty Express.Ciarla Muhlenberg College Jun ior Annual .D ia . N . Dialect Notes .D . Kir. Deutscher Kirchen freund .D . M . Penn sylvan ia German , I st VOL,

Dan iel Miller.D . M . 2 Pen n sylvan ia German , 2 d Vol . ,

Dan iel Miller.Der Deutsche Pion ier.Father Abraham.

F ick Dialekt Dichtung.F irm anach German ien s Vo lkerst im

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Ger. Cor. Dem . Demo

m en .

Frieden sbote .Privately publ ished poems.Gottl ieb Boonest iel .German Corresponden t and

c rat .

T he Guardian .

336

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338 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Soc ie ty.

Pro. P. G. S . Proceed ings of the Penn sylvan iaGerman Soc iety.

Pro . P . G. S . Ap. Proceed in gs of the Pennsyl van iaGerman Soc iety, Append ix.

Read . T imes and Dispatch . R eading T imes and Dispatch.

Ref. Ch. Al . Reformed Church Al manac .

152i: Reformed Church Record

Sk. Lecha T hal Skizzen aus dem Lecha T hal .Sk. P. G. Short Sketch of the Penn sylvan ia

German s.Stumps. S tories S tumptown Stories.T rans . Am . Phil . Soc. T ran sact ion s of the American Philo

log ical Society.Un ser P. D . Kal enner Un ser Penn sylvan isch Deitscher

Un ser P . D. Kal . Ka l enner .

W. B . Kal . Welt Bote Kal enner .

Woll. Gem alde Gem alde aus dem Pennsylvan ischVolksleben Wol l enw eber .

1 POETRY .

ANONYMOUS

Bauraspruch

B efehl am F euerheerdDe Deutsche BauraDer B lo Berg ”

Der ProcessDer Verwer rte DeutscheDer Wipperw il lDes Coun ty F iinf zu Ehm furAndy Quay Leb . Volks. Zeit. , Feb. 8,

1 899 .

Die Bettler’s Kl age D. M. , 2 .

P. G . , Vol . VIII , p . 61 6.

Un ser P. D . Kal enn er , 1 895.

Unser P . D . Kal enner , 1 905.

SP. G . , Vol . X , 4 , 1 81 .

P . D . , Vol . 1, No. 3 .

Sk. Lecha T hal , p . 98.

P . D . , Vol . 1 , No . 2 .

D . B , Vol . V,1 873 .

P. G . , Vol. VIII , 5, 2 34.

Pennsylv ania -German D ia l ec t Wr i tings . 339

Die Kerche B el l D . M . , p . 1 2 5.

Doktor Eisenbart D . M . , 2 , p . 1 42 .

En Klagelied D . M . , 2 , p . 1 3 1 .

En T remp P. G . , Vol . V, 3 , 1 1 5.

F ertzig Johr Zuruck D . M. , 2 , p . 1 2 1 .

Hurrah ihr Demokraten P. Leb. H ist . Soc . , Vol . V, 5.

Me i Nochbor Dschon D . M . , 2 , p . 1 2 7.

Sauerkraut D . M., 2 , p . 1 1 5.

S ie Hucka Rum P . G . ,Vol. I I , 5, 305.

’

Sis Nergeds besser w ie deheem . .D. M . , 2 , p . 70.

T o the Disfran chised Voters ofLebanon Coun tyUn ser RegisterW

’

a

’

n kumt d ie gute ZeitZu viel Wiske , JakeYukl e will net B era Shit l a

( See also index under Wollenweber . )

BAHN , RACH EL

Poems—Rachel Bahn , publ ished at York, Pa . , 1 869 . H . C .

Adams CO. (Out of prin t . )

Der Alt Schockl e S tuhl Poems,p . 1 9 1 .

DerAltWe ide Bahm For’m Hon s . p . 1 87.

Der Herbst p . 1 83 .

Der Summer p . 1 80.

D . M. , 2 , p . 95.

Der Win ter p . 1 85.

Haeb am Felse D ich p . 1 86.

’

S F ruehyohr p . 1 79 .

P . D . H. ,p . 2 1 7.

F luegbl att .

C iarla, 1 904.

D . M. , 2 , p . 1 1 2 .

D . M. , 2 , p . 1 20.

P . D . Vol . I , 3 .

Hom e , 1 , p . 49 .

Hom e, 2 .

Hom e , 3 .

Hom e , 4.

Wel t,Bote , Sep . 8,

340 The Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Socie ty.

’

S Glatt I ceS H imml isch Haemw eh

Vocal Mus ic

BRENDLE A. SDu und I ch Leb . News , Dec . 1 6. 1 898.

BRUNNER , FRANK R

Chr ist Dag

Der Al t Garret

Der Jun i un der JuliDes Men sche LeweDie Schulhaus B ellDre i SacheEs Fet und I nschl icht LichtLewe und H immelNeujohr

’

s WunschOscht re

Schpotjohr

Wie es Al s War

Wie mer GleeWare

BRUNNER , DAVID B . (GOETHE VON BERKS)

Bezahlt euer Parre D . M . ,p . 1 38.

Der Alt un der Jung Krebs D . M . , p . 1 53 .

Der Dan Webster un Se i Sen s . Read in g Adler.P. G I I

, 3 , 1 1 0.

Der Wash ington um Se i B ile Horn e, 3d cd. ,p .

Die G rundsau D. M. , p . 1 49 .

En Gross Misv erstandn iss D. M. , p . 1 44.

D . M. , p . 82 .

Horn e, 4th ed.

,p . 1 86.

P. G . , Vol . VIII , 1 0, 505.

D . M . , 2 p . 74.

l i, Vol X , 1 1 , 576.

. , V .ol VI ,

. M, p 78

IV,

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342 The Pennsylv ania -German Soc ie ty.

Ein Psalm des Leben s (T rans ) P. G . , Vol . V, 1 , 2 4.

Juscht en Deppich P. G . , Vol . VII , 5, 2 63 .

My Aldty Ge ik ( rev. by Dr. EGrumbin e )

’

S Alt Schw im LochSchn itzpei

’

S Neu Fogel Haus

FLICK, M . C

’

S Schulhaus am Weg P. G . ,Vol . I I , 2 , 70.

FISCHER , HENRY L

S Alt Marik Haus Mittes in D ’r Schtadt un Die Al teZ e ite . I n two parts . Publ ished at York, Pa . , 1 879 .

(Out of prin t. )

Part I .

Boneschtecke

Der Al t Fr itz HornDer Wash in gtonDer Schquire B raxtonDie Fash ion sD ’r Fette HaasHanoverMarik Geh

Parad iesPh iladelphiaReady Mocha for noch emMar ik

’S Marik Haus

P. G . , Vol . I I I , 1 , 1 1 1 .

P . G . , Vol . VI , 4, 361 .

P . G . , Vol . VII , 6, 3 1 0.

D . M . , 2 , p. 1 1 7.

P. G . , Vol . V, 2 , 77.

Pennsylv an ia-G erm an D ia lect Wr itings . 343

Part I I .

Aeppl e p . 1 04.

Alt Zeit Dresche p . 1 62 .

Horne , 3d cd. , 1 4 1 .

D . M. , p . 1 02 .

P. G . , Vol . IX , 9 , 469 .

Butchere p, 1 1 8,

Buw l i Schpiele p . 85.

Der Dad i ’N Jackson Mon . . p. 1 49 .

Die Doktor F raa p . 1 2 2 ,

Die Heem et p 2 1 7.

Die Muhl p . 1 65.

Die Schul p . 1 9 1 .

Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . I , 51 .

Die Schwe izer Scheuer p . 1 43 .

Die Zinn Schissel p . 1 2 4.

Hom e, 3d cd. , p . 1 34.

D ’r Abe p . 1 55.

D ’r Dschon p . 1 74.

D ’r F ier t July p . 1 4 1 .

D ’r Kremer p . 1 60.

D ’r Schn ee p. 1 59 .

D ’r Schn e ider und Schumacher p. 1 1 6.

F ier Gauls Fuhrwerk p . 1 70.

Flax Scht ickl i p . 1 08.

Hame kumm e p . 81 .

I ch bin de alt Heem et sehn e . p . 203—2 1 7.

P . G . , Vol . I I , 1 , 51 .

Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . I ,I hr Penn sylvan isch Deitsche

Leut p . 1 99 .

Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . I , p . 48.

Im E rn tfel d p . 1 32 .

P . G . , Vol . IX , 7, 326.

344 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ a n Soc ie ty.

Latw erg KocheMe i A lte Heem et

Penn sylvan isch Deitsch’

SAl t B rennhaus

Schulhaus un KerichS. , Vol .

SeiderS ingen SchulSundag MorgeWie m

’

r ufg’

w achse sin .

Kurzwe il un Ze itvertre ib —Fischer. Published atPa . , 1 882 . TWO ed it ion s. (Out of prin t . )

Al t Lang Syn e ( after Scotch ) p . 1 46.

Backm ul t Wéi l l i p. 1 02 .

B ier Lied ( after F eln er ) . p. 1 32 .

Der Abschied nooch Amerika( after the Suabian ) p . 1 2 2 .

Der Bauer Hans un derAdvokat p . 81 .

Der Bettler ( after Hebel ) . p. 66.

Der Dschonn i Schuss p . 1 1 4 .

Der Ehrl ich Fritz p . 51 .

Der Ehrl ich Schm idt 5.

P . G .,Vol . V, 2 , 80.

Der Gl uckl ig Bauer ( afterF elner ) p .

Der Luscht ig Bauer p .

Der Mai ( after F elner ) . p.

Der Parre un d ie Humm l er . p.

Der Schn ee p .Der Weeg We iser ( afterHebel )

Der Wei

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346 The Pennsylv a n ia-Germ a n Socie ty.

’

S F ruhjohr’

s Buw l i ( after

We isman ) p . 39 .

T iddel un Abodhekersbuchs

( after Nadler ) p . 1 1 6.

Wasser Lied ( after Felmer ) p . 93 .

Wiegel ied ( after F elner ) . p. 1 2 4.

Zu gross for sei Hosse p. 1 26.

Der K rabb (Poe’s Raven , T rans ) . P . G . , Vol . IX , 8, 373 .

Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . I I , 93 .

Kuchl er’

s Ruuscht H ist . Berks, p . 99 1 .

FREEMAN , J. E

Schl itz Beer P. G Vol . V, 3 , 1 1 8.

GEHRHARDT , WILLIAM

De Leab Schw atar P G Vol . IX , 1 0, 470.

Die Alt Fam ilia Uhr P. G . , Vol . VIII , 3 , 1 3 .

D . M. , 2 , p . 1 1 4 .

GOETHE VON BERKS

See BRUNNER , DAVID B .

GRAEFF , I . E

Im Bergel and D . M. , p . 1 1 7.

En Ruf an die B ruder D . M. , p . 1 1 9 .

GROB , SAMUEL

Die B l inde Man nu’ der Elefant . P. G Vol . X , 1 1 , 693 .

War m d ’r F roscht is uf de Kerbse . P. G . , Vol . X , 1 1 , 694.

GRUBER , M . A

Der Alt F ischermann P. G . , Vol . IV, 2 , 2 63 .

Die Alta Bappl abaem P . G . , Vol . VI , 2 , 2 67.

Die Letscht Maud Muller P . G . , Vol . V, 1 , 2 6.

Die Wom el sdorfer’

Cadem ie . P. G . , Vol . V, 2 , 73 .

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings . 347

Du bistWie ein e B lume’

Haend all ’rum (T rans . ) P .

’M Leaven Se i Sauertheg P.

’N Schoen ie Al t ie He’math P.

Sell Schtette l im Nordkil l Dahl . . P

Zum An denken an L. L. Grumbin e P. G Vol . V, 4 , 1 60.

GRUMBINE , EDer Alt Busch Doktor S tumps. S tor ies , p . 1 45.

Der Pralhans Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . V, 348.

P. Leb . H ist . Soc . , V, 1 48.

D . M. , 2 , p . 77.

Die Alt v erlosse Muehl (T rans . ) . P. G . , Vol . VI , 1 , 203 .

Die Mary um I hr Hundl e Leb. Report , NOV . 2 ,’

01 .

P. G . , Vol . VII I , 8, 394 .

D ie Welt uf Vendue (T rans. ) . P .G . , Vol. I II , 4 , 1 61 .

En G luckvol l B iepl in P. G . , Vol. VII I , 6, 2 81 .

Es Bodt Alles Nix (T rans. ) P. G . , Vol. IV, 2 , 2 64.

Gedachtn iss der Rothen Kolbe(T ran s. ) P. G . , Vol . I , 4 , 26.

Hoch der T eddy P. G . , Vol . I I , 1 2 , 755.

After the El ection P. G . , Vol . I I , 1 2 , 755.

( See also Prose for GRUMBINE , E . )

GRUMBINE , LEE LIGHT“ Der Dengel stock—published at Lebanon , Pa. , 1 903 , 1 53

pages.

Der Al t Dengel stock P. Leb . H is. Soc Vol . I , 53 .

P . G . , Vol . I , 1 , 8.

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol. XII , 86.

Do 54

Horn e 3d, p . 1 57.

D . M. , 2 , p . 1 01 .

Der Re im vom alte See Mann

(T rans. ) p . 92 .

G . , Vol . V, 1 , 2 6.

G . , Vol . VI , 4 , 363 .

G . , Vol . I I , 2 , 67.

G . , Vol. I I I , 4 , 1 57.

G . , Vol . VIII , 9 , 450.

348 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Der Schumacher

Der Viert July

Die Al t B evvy Fritchie

(T ran s. ) Pro . P. G. S. , Vol. VI , 88.

p . 58.

P. G . , Vol . IV, 4 , 347.

Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . XII , 90.

Die Uhr in der Kuch

(T rans. ) p . 40.

P o. P G. S. , Vol . XII , 72 .

Ein Psalm des Leben s

(T rans . )

Elendig

I ch war Jurym ann

Me i arme B e’

’

S Latw erg Koche

Sonn tag Morgeds an derZiegel Kerch p . 2 5.

P . G . , Vol . IV, 3 , 309 .

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . XII , 57.

p . 32 .

P. G . , Vol . V, 3 , 1 1 6.

Pro. P . G. S. , Vol . XII

P 37

P. G . , Vol . VI , 3 , 304.

P. G . , Vol . IX , 7, 32 7.

Pro. P . G . S. , Vol . XII ,

p . 60.

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . XII , 92 .

Do 35.

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol. XII , 67.

Do 45

Pro. P . G. S. , Vol . XII , 77.

p . 42 .

Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . XII , 74 .

P . G . ,Vol . I I , I , 1 4 .

P! 49

Pro . P. G. S Vol . XII , 81 .

P . Leb . Hist. Soc . , Vol . I , 2 .

P. G . ,Vol . I , 4 , 2 2 .

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350 The Pe nnsylv ania-German Society.

Der R ejeboge p. 53 .

AL, Vol . II , 2 51 .

Wel tbote Calender for 1 908.

Guard Jan . , 1 861 .

Die Alt Michl p . 45.

Al . , Vol . I I , 2 48.

Guard . , Jun e, 1 862 .

Die Nc ic Sort Dschen t’

l l eit . . p. 2 1 .

Al Vol . I I , 2 46.

Guard ian .

Die Schlofschtub p. 3 1 .

Guard. , Apr. , 1 862 .

Heemw eh p . 77.

Life ofHar . , p . 63 .

Gospe l Messenger, Elgin .

I l l . , Aug. 6,’

1 1 .

Guard . , Nov. , 1 86 1 .

Woll . Gem al de , p . 92 .

Guard ian , Feb . , 1 862 .

Lah B isn iss p . 69 .

W ill widder Buwel i Sei p . 65.

Hal . P . D . , p . 55.

Guard . , Nov. , 1 862 .

Father Ab. , Feb . ,1 869 .

En St ick e er’

s Aernfel d . . Ref. Ch. Al .

P . G . , Vol . V, 1 , 2 7.

Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . XI , 2 , 30.

Das Un ion Arch Guard . ,Aug. , 1 862 .

Die Staedtel Bump Leb . Adv.

HARK, J . MA!

An Der Fair Pro . P . G. S. , Ap. X , 1 5.

P. G . ,Vol . IV,

1, 208.

Horn e, 3d cd. , p . 1 62 .

Pennsylv an ia-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 351

Dee Am shel Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 25.

P. G . , Vol . I I , 68.

Der Al de Karch Hof Uf’m Barg .Pro. P. G. S Vol . X , Ap. 2 3 .

Der Koo Shdohr Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 30.

Der Shbohde Shool Boo Pro. P. G. S Vol . X , Ap. 20.

En Leychd Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 3 1 .

En Her rnhoodter Oshder Marge . Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 1 8.

F ire ! Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 2 1 .

Im Bush Vann ’s Shn ayd Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 2 2 .

Unn ich’em Keschde Bawm Pro . P. G. S Vol . X , Ap. 1 3 .

Un ser Henny Pro . P . G. S. , V01 . X , Ap. 2 7.

Vann derWin d Blohsdt Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . X , Ap. 2 6.

HE ILMAN , S . P Collector.

Penn sylvan ia German Rimes P . Leb . H ist. Soc . , Vol. I , 1 1 .

Mei Schoen e Sally.Des Buchl ich Maenn l i.

Now Bill I ch wil l dich froge.

I ch hob g’

t ram’

t .

Mei Ulla, Ulla E i.Schpinn , Schpinn m ei LieveT ochter.

HENNINGER , M . C

Der Yokel um die Lunch Route . . P. G . ,Vol . IV, 3 , 3 1 9 .

Die Singschul a im Land P. G . ,Vol . VIII , 8, 392 .

D . M . , 2 , p . 1 34.

En Hunn er t Johr Zuruck D . BL , 2 ,p . 89 .

’

S Fawra in D ’r T ran Horn e , 3d cd. ,p . 1 1 2 .

G. B , . p . 2 51 .

HERMANY , EDWARD

Die Ol ld Bluddshaw l

Die Yuggul es LeichtD ’r Boodsher WiggleD ’r Dorraday ear Huchdsich

352 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ an Socie ty.

D ’r Ol ld Deedre MS .

D ’r Old Knucha F ridz MS .

D ’r Ol ld Sously MS .

D ’r Porra T iddle MS .

D ’r Shtodd Ongle im Boosh MS .

Ecken rohd MS .

Foom LOdW ’

rk Kucha MS.

Foon d ’r Hoyet MS.

Foon d ’r Ahrn MS .

F urn ahahr (Preface ) MS .

Gebt oon s Ol lda Shool Korregder .MS.

Hinn anoh MS .

K’

rch oon Shoodlm etsch MS .

Leben s Mude MS.

Lobbes MS.

Meddl ezoye r MSS ’

Barv el cha MS .

S ’

Ol l d Wyserl a MS .

S ’ Werd evva so sy sulla MS .

Wie d ie Olda Noch d ’r Hyo sin . MS .

H ILL , C. F

Die Kerch is Aus P . G . , Vol . VII , 2 , 83 .

HORN , A. P

Die Al te G rabm acher . P . G . , Vol . XI , 1 0, 626.

HORNE , A. R . , Ed

Pennsylvan ia German Manual , 4th Ed ition , Al len town , Pa . ,

372 pages, 1 9 1 0.

Rimes Horn e , 4th cd.,p . 1 08.

( See also D . B . B run n er , F. R . B runn er , F ischer, L. L .

Grumb in e , Hen ry Harbaugh , J . Max Hark , M . C. Hen

n inger, Studen t Kopenhav er , Elwood Newhard . E. H .

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354 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Society.

Holz Beschl aga D . M. , p . 65.

Keschte Pe ife MS .

Mei Kerschebaam MS .

Mer Wolla Fische Geh P . G . , Vol . IV, 2 , 262 .

D . M. , p . 54.

Mon et Spruch D. M. , p . 71 .

’N Buw l i is’

s MS .

’

S Glatt Eis Fahre MS .

’

S Mehe m it der Deutsche Sen s . .P. G . , Vol . I I , 3 , 1 09 .

D. M . ,p . 46.

’

SWetter B recht MS .

Sag Nix D . M. , p . 62 .

T r iib Wetter D . M . p . 68.

Vum F l achsbaue P . G . , Vol . I I , 4, 1 58.

Un ser P . D . Kal . , 1 895.

’

S Flachs S tueck.Der Flachs B lueht .Der Flachs is Zeitig.Fl achs Roppe.Flachs B r itsche.

Flachs Roetse .

Flachs B reche.Flachs Schw in ge.Flachs Hechle.Flachs Sp inn e ,

Wann der Rege Widder Kumm t .D . M. , 2 , p . 67.

Wilda Dauwa P. G . , Vol . VIII , 4 , 1 83 .

KOHLER , W. F

Der Auto Waga P. G . , Vol . VIII , 4, 1 83 .

KOPENHAVER SHDUDENT

’M Shded’

l Mon SeiWunsh Horne , 3d cd. , p.

KOPLIN, A. B

Kerche S treit

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ec t Wr itings . 355

LANDIS, J . B . (HENNER HOIWENNER )

Der Bower und der Marrick B eaver Springs Herald .

LEISENR ING, E . D

Spotjohr P . G . , Vol . I I I , 4 , 1 60.

( See also Prose. )

LI SBERGER , R

Der Miller un die Muhl D . M. , 2 , p . 99 .

LONGNECKER , J . H

Die A lte Kersche Beem P. G . , Vol . XI , 8, 501 .

MAYS, GEORGE

Das Al t Wer tshaus MS .

Das Sp inn rad D . M. ,p . 36.

Der Al t Kerchhof D . M. ,p . 2 7.

Der Al t Mann D . M. ,p . 3 1 .

Der G iger igee P. G . , Vol . I II , 3 , 1 1 0.

D. M. , p . 43 .

Der Honsworsht Flugbl att .Die B runn e T rOg D . M. ,

p . 40.

Die Glock P . G . , Vol . VII , I, 38.

Die Kerche Glock D . M. , 2 , p . 97.

Die Shule in der Alte Zeit MS .

Frie Yohr im Lon d Flugblatt.Hoyet un E rn MS .

Psalm des Leben s (T ran s. ) .P. G . , Vol . VI , 2 , 2 70.

’S is now shun m e h als fufzig Johr .MS.

W ill I ch bei der Woret B l eiwe . MS .

MENGEL, J. L

’

Sis n imme W ie ’

s al sWar D. M 2 , p. 1 25.

356 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ a n Socie ty.

MEYER , HENRYDer Alt Scharnschtee P. G . , Vol . VII I , 5, 2 32 .

Die Al t Heem et Flugblatt.P. G . , Vol . IX , 6, 2 79 .

Die Mary hut en Lamb (T rans . ) Flugbl att .F inkel , Finkel Kl ehne Schtern

(T ran s. Flugblatt .Im Heckedahl F lugbl at .

P. G . , Vol . XI , 9 , 563 .

Me i Schtet tel Schul Flugblatt .T o my Ol d friend , Reuben S tover . MS .

MILLER , DANIEL , Ed

Penn sylvan ia German , Read ing, Pa . , 1 904. Prose and Poetry.

See : Anonymous, D . B . B runn er , F. R. B runn er , J . S .

Dubbs , P . F . E isenbrow n, H . L . F ischer , I . Graef , H . Har

baugh , El i Keller, George Mays E . Re in ecke , T hos. Rhoads,John Vogt , C. Z . We iser.See also Prose.

Penn sylvan ia German , Vol . I I . Issued 1 9 1 1 . Reading, Pa.

( See also Prose. )

See Rachel Bahn , D . B . B runn er , F. B runn er , E . M . Eshelm en ,

.W. Gerhardt , E . Grumb in e , L . L. Grumb in e , H . Harbaugh , M . C . Henn in ger, El i Keller, J . Lisberger , GeorgeMays , J. Mengel , C. C. More, E . R ondthal er , H . Schuler , D.

B . Shuey, I . S . Stahr, L . A. Wol l enw eber .

M ILLER , HARVEY ( SOLLY HUSSBUCK )

Penn sylvan ia German Poems , El izabethville , Pa . , 1 906.

Tw o ed it ion s.

Aw gawanet p . 2 8.

Hul . P. G . , 1 92 .

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358 The Pennsylv an ia-Germa n Soc ie ty.

Mer Nem t’

s We’

s Coom t . . p. 68.

Hul . P . G . S tor. , 45.

Hul . P . G . , 1 58.

Nancy Hanks p . 2 6.

Neija R esolushuns p . 1 7.

p 49 .

Oh Elend p . 45.

Hul . P . G. S tor. , 2 7.

Shpode Yohr p . 1 3 .

P. G . , Vol . VII , 6, 3 20.

S inda Shul d p . 67.

S is ol les I v verdu . p. 60.

Hul . P. G. Stor . , 47.

Un ser Ban dt p . 1 9 .

Unser T il l ie p . 7.

Wil l widder Buv ely Si p . 39 .

Hul . P. G. Stor. , p . 1 7.

Wos Noshun Dut p . 77.

Wun der Porra Coom t p . 1 1 .

P . G . , Vol . VIII , 1 0, 503 .

Wun I ch Dote Ware p . 2 1 .

Penn sylvan ia German Stories , Elizabethvil le , Pa. , 1 907.

De Nacht vor Kr ischdag

(T rans . ) p . 9 1 .

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 78.

De Krutza Pife p . 79 .

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 78.

Der B icher Agen t p . 37.

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 63 .

Der B illy Bl oseroar p . 9 .

Hul . P . G. P.,p . 2 3 .

Der Dei tsch A . B . C. 83 .

Hul l . P. G. P. , p . 7 1 .

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 359

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 58.

Fun Kindheit tsu Ewigkeit . . p. 77.

Hul. P. G. P. , p. 84.

Hend in de Seck p . 7 1 .

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 81 .

Leeb und G’

sundheit p . 6 1 .

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 87.

Mer Nem t ’s We’

s Coom t . . p. 45.

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 68.

O Elend ! p . 2 7.

Hul . P. G. P. , p . 45.

Romeo and Juliet (Bal conyScen e )

Schlofe Bubbel i

Shule Sht ickerS is Olles I vv erdu

P. , p . 60.

Will widder Buv ely SiP0 : 1) 39 .

Penn sylvan ia German Elizabethville, Pa . , 1 9 1 1 . See al soProse.

Awgav anet p . 1 92Hul . P. G. P. , p . 2 8.

Aw tzacha und B’

deitunga . . p. 1 5.

Ba’d Dawg p . 63 .

Base Bolla p. 1 07.

De Mommy era Kol enner . p. 3 .

Der Peert Jooly p . 2 5.

Der Olm echt ich Daw l er p . 35.

P. G . , Vol. IX , 9 , 424.

De Olda Shool Dawga p. 45.

P. G . , Vol . x , 8, 404.

360 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Socie ty.

De Picn ic p . 1 39 .

Druka Wed’

r p . 1 4 1 .

De Karcha Bell p. 1 43 .

De T ill era Wol l en t ine . p. 1 57.

De gute Olt Summer T seit . . p. 1 79 .

P . G . , Vol . XI , 9 , 563 .

De Kw il t ing Pardy p . 1 84.

De Olt Se id ’r Meel p . 1 85.

De Olt Wek p . 1 82 .

Der B icher Agen t p . 1 89 .

Hul . P . G. S tor. , p . 37.

Hul . P . G. P. , p . 63 .

Der Boss p . 1 88.

Em Shum och’

r Sei Leed . p. 1 54.

En B r ief tsu’

m Sanda Cl aus . p. 69 .

En Haemw eh Shdick p . 1 87.

Es Boyertown Feier p . 77.

P . G . , Vol . IX , 2 , 87.

Es Nei Bl awd p . 1 2 1 .

Es Olt F in f Daw l er Bill . p. 1 20.

Es Olt Yor un ’

s Ne i p . 71 .

Fisha 95.

1 59 .

Far ol dars um now p . 1 66.

Hartz Hung’

r p . 1 80

Im Washington se i T seit . p. 85

Mer Nem t’

s We’

s Kumt . p. 1 58.

H l . P. G. P. , p . 68.

Hul . P. G . Stor. , p .

Men l ich p . 1 77.

Mi Bubbel i (T rans . ) p . 53 .

I ch und d ie Polly MS .

Der A rsht Om schel MS .

Vakashun T se it MS .

Moi 30 p . 97.

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362 The Pennsylv an ia-Germ an Socie ty.

RAUCH , E . H

Die Penn sylvan ia Mil l itz P. D . , Vol. I , No . 2 .

Shakespeare in Penn sylvan ia

Jul ius Cmsar (A ct . I I I , Sc.P. D. H. , p . 2 1 8.

Hamlet (Ac t I , Sc. 5) P. D. , Vol. I , No. 1P. D . H. , p . 2 20.

Horne , 2 d cd. , p . 1 2 1 .

King Richard II I.(A ct I , Sc. 1 ) P. D. H. , p . 2 1 9 .

(A ct V, Sc. 4 ) P. D . H. , p . 2 20.

( See also Prose ) .

REINECKE , E . W

Die Alt Plainfield Kerch D. M. , p . 1 2 2 .

P. G . ,Vol . X , 7, 3 1 6.

RHOADES, T HOMAS (ONKEL JEFF )Der Bullfrog war Versoffe P . G Vol . VIII , 1 0, 493 .

D. M. , 2 , p . 1 1 0.

Des Al t Acht Eckig Schulhaus .D. M. , 2 , p . 80.

Die Alt Mahl Muel P. G . ,Vol . I I , 3 , 1 1 2 .

Die T adler MS .

Die Wiskey Buwe D . M. ,p . 1 1 4.

Hom e, 3d cd. , p . 1 51 .

Nei Yohr Schitz P. G . , Vol . I I I , 1 , 2 3 .

Neue Besem Kehre Gut MS .

Neue Mode MS .

Schpuks oder ken Schpuks MS .’S Latwerk Koche fer Alters P. G . , Vol . I I , 4, 1 56.

D. M. , 1 1 1 .

Unner ’m Wal n issbaam P . G . , Vol . I , 1 , 1 8.

Pennsylv ania-German D ia lect Wr itings.. 363

RONDTHALER , E

Abendlied

ScHANTz , F. J. F

Die Summer Schul

Eppes fon sellem Spuck

I n der Spiel Stunde

’

S Schulhaus am Sandloch

SHEELEIGH , M

The Pennsylvan ia German ( 2 dialect v . ) Pro . P . G. S. , Vol. II I , 56.

SHUEY , D . B

Schulhaus an der Kerch P. G . , Vol . VII I , 7, 335.

D . M. , 2 , p . 74 .

SCHULER , H . A

Das ist im Leben besslich c ingerichtet P. G . , Vol . X , 1 1 , 693 .

Der Beik P .G Vol . I II , 1 , 2 6.

Hom e , 3d cd. , p . 1 45.

Die Mammi Ihre Schindel(T rans. ) P. G. Vol . IX, 7, 1 36.

En Gem Kal enner Un ser P. D . Kal enner , 1 905.

P . G . , Vol . IX , 1 , 39 .

D. K ir. , Aug. , 1 849 .

Naz. Hall . Ap. , p . 24.

P. G . ,Vol. I , 2 , 1 8.

P. G . , Vol. VII , 3 , 1 2 1 .D. M. , 2 , p . 48.

Fried .Sk. Lecha T hal , p . 6 1

Fried .Sk. Lecha T hal . , p. 60.

Fried .

Sk. Lecha T hal . , p . 61 .

Fr ied .

Sk. Lecha T hal , p . 59 .

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . VI ,P. G Vol. VI , 3 , 306.

364 The Pe nnsylv ania-German Socie ty.

STAHR,ISAAC

Der Win terDie Al t UhrDie Kerche BellDie Oley Picn icEs Jahresfest am We isehaus

STE IN , T HOMAS S

Uf’M O

’

w e rste Speicher P. Leb . H ist. Soc . ,Vol . I , 1 3 .

STOUDT, J . BAER , Collector

Penn sylvan ia German Rhymes andRiddles Jour. Am . P. , 1 9 , 1 1 3 .

Horn e, 4th ed. , p . 1 1 6.

Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . XXIII .Riddles.Coun t ing Out Rhymes.Cradle Songs.Even ing Prayer.Mock Sermon .

STUMP , ADAM

Der Al t Kerchof P. G . , Vol . I , 3 , 2 8.

Der Bu am S teh Lehse P . G . , Vol . V, 1 , 30.

Der Wal d MS .

Der Zuk P. G . , Vol . I I , 2 , 70.

Die Al t C ider Muehl P. G . , Vol . I II , 4 , 1 56.

Die Dallastown Reun ion P. G . , Vol . VI , 3 , 307.

Die Marn i Schloft P . G . , Vol . IX, 5, 2 2 9 .

Die Muttersprooch P . G . , Vol . VII , 3 , 1 35.

Es Haem el t Em a’ P. G . , Vol . IV, 3 , 32 1 .

Es Hof Debr l e P. G . , Vol . VII I , 6, 2 80.

(On e of the above poems was published in the Penn sylvan iaCollege paper in the n ineties. A. S . )

D . M 2 , p . 55.

P . G . , Vol . IX , 1 0, 628.

D . M. , 2 , p . 6 1 .

P. G . , Vol . XI , 2 , 1 1 3 .

D. M. , 2 , p . 57.

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366 The Pennsylv ania -German Socie ty.

Geburtsdag

Seks Oor

WOLLENWEBER , L. A

Gem al de aus dem Pennsyl van ischen Volksleben , Philadelphiaund Le ipzig, 1 869 , 1 43 pp . ( See al so underWollenweber. ) U in d icates that author is not named . Wand L .A .W. are used for Wol l enw eber .

Das Lied von der Un ion U . . p. 69 .

Der Herbst U p . 2 7.

Der Herbst U p . 30.

Der Pit un die Betz U. . p. 97.

Der Win ter U p. 3 1 .

Die Berg Marie U p . 1 26.

Die Luter ische Kerch bei

T rappe WFruehl ing und Jugend L. A

F ruehjohr UHaemw eh (Harbaugh )Heirat

’

s Anzeichung W,

Morgen stern , ExpressI ch bin ein Pennsyl v an ier

Im F ruehjohr UIm Summer L. A.W.

Schulhaus an der Krick Ul

Verheiratet M

Hal . P. D . , p . 42 .

P. D . , Vol . I , 2 .

P. D. H. , p. 2 1 6.

Father Ab. , Feb. 8, 1 870.

Horne , 1 st ed.,p . 59 .

Hom e , 3d cd. , p. 1 09.

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 367

Wie der Ben sich v erliebt .

Zwe B rief U

WUCHTER , A. C

Many of the following poems appeared first anonymously inthe Al len town Democ rat , A. C. W.

Der Ver l ora Ehsel P. G . , Vol . IV, 4, 353 .

Der Geitz P. G Vol. IV, 3 , 3 20.

Der Hen drik Voss P. G . , Vol . VI , 4 , 357.

Der Pihw ie P. G .,Vol . I I , 2 , 69 .

Der Porra Koon s MS .

Der Yoll i Versteht ’s net .All. Dem .

Der Yoli Wiinscht All. Dem .

Die A erschta Hussa P . G . , Vol . X , 1 1 , 575.

Die’H io Naus Al l . Dem . , May, 1 9 1 0, Jun .

2 8, 1 9 1 0.

Die Muttersprooch P . G . , Vol . IX , 4, 1 83 .

Die Kalm ustow n G’

m eh .All . Dem . , Nov . , 1 9 1 0.

Die K inneryohr P. G . ,Vol . X , 5, 2 38.

Fasnacht P . G . , Vol . I I I , 2 , 6 1 .

Hom e, 3d cd. , p . 1 65.

F ier t July P. G . , Vol . I I I , 3 , 1 09 .

Fische Geh MS .

Guckuloh All . Dem .

Hans um Herrgott Al l . Dem . , 1 907.

Humming B irds Al l . Dem . , 1 907.

Im Show All . Dem .

Im Druv el MS .

Lumpaparty P . G . , Vol. XI , 9 , 592 .

P . G .,Vol . XII , 1 , 59 .

P. G . , Vol . XII , 2 , 1 1 8.

’M D inkey Sei Knecht P . G . , Vol . IX , 2 , 89 .

Moi Lied All . Dem .

Mug town R ieschter All . Dem.

368 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

Nofem berkl aag

A n’

s Honn ese

Schl ittafahre

Schpundal och

Yun i LiedDer Berks Coun ty Riegelweg (On inc iden t better than

any Ford j oke )Katz F ersaefa ( In stead ofdeath , cat got soaped )Der Dad (Wobbly legs and

flower beds )Engl isch udder De itsch (Degeneration )

Em Yosey se i Autobom il (Hedescribes them )W illa Macha (A trick atmany a deathbed )

ES Koscht tzu fiel (Donkeyagain st knowledge ) MS .

Ferdreht , ferkehr t MS .

Die Har rafegal (How theygot in to trouble

Oc tober

ZIEGLER , CHARLES CALVIN

Drauss nu Deheem ,Leipzig, 1 89 1 . Out of prin t.

An Me i Peif p . 1 9 .

B ryan t ’s T hanatops is (T ran s. ) p . 4 1 .

Cremat ion p. 1 5.

Dar Gut Henn er p . 1 6.

Dar Nadurgeischt p . 2 2 .

P. G . , Vol . V, 4 , 1 63 .

Dar R eww er un I ch p . 20.

P. G Vol . I II , 4 , 1 59 .

All . Dem.

P. G . , Vol. II I , 1 , 2 2 .

P. G . , Vol . IX , 1 , 38.

P. G . , Vol. VI , 1 , 204.

All . Dem .

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370 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Soc ie ty.

dunkel isDes is m ei Hoffnung das s d ’rDod p . 2 9 .

Dar Sud Wind bringt deMensche Muth p. 30.

Se i be i m ’

r uf m ei’

m Lewespaad p. 30.

Du scheen i kl een i We issi

B lum p . 3 1 .

Dar Noah hut Sich b’

sun na

dann p . 32 .

Owet am aerschte Oschter

daag p . 33 .

Wann Laylocks bl ihe scheeum Sl l S

Wie Kr ischtus Uferschtanne

isIs es vielleicht ’

n Draam in

Schlof? p . 35.

Die Sunn geht unn er in derWest

Danksagung DagDie Larn ingEn S impler Mon

Mie Mut tersprooch

Sauerkraut

Z IMMERMAN , T HOMAS

Metrical T ran slat ions.

Der Alt Robin Grey

G Vol . VII , 7, 374.

G . , Vol . IV, 3 , 3 1 4.

G . ,Vol. VIII , 1 0, 504.

G . , Vol . X , 5, 2 38.

P

P .

P .

P.

P .

Pro. . G . S. , Vol . I II , 1 36.

Olla Podrida.Pro. P. G. S. ,

p. 1 2 9 .

Pro. P. G . S. ,

p. 1 1 3 .

Olla Podrida.

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr iting s . 37 1

Der Gut Dschorg Campbell . Olla Podrida.Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . XII .p. 1 09 .

Der Weg Noch Schlummerlan d

Die Jung Witfraa

Die Nacht for de Chrischdaag Pro . P. G. S. , Vol .

p. 1 1 7.

Olla Podr ida.P . G . , Vol . I , 1 , 1 1 .

Pro . P . G. S. , Vol . I I , 93 .

Dschon Dschankin’

s Predich . Ol l a Podrida.Pro. P . G. S. , Vol . XII .p . 1 3 1 .

E’

n Lieb G ’

sang Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . XII .

P 1 35

Olla Podr ida.

Legt Eich H ie Pro. P . G. S. , Vol . XII .

p. 1 2 7.

Olla Podrida.Lieder Olla Podrida.

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . XII .

P 1 37

Mei Mopsy is Kl ee Olla Podrida.Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . XII .p. 1 09 .

’N Neues Casabian ca Olla Podrida.Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . XII .p . 1 2 1 .

Olla Podrida.Pro. P. G. S. ,

P 1 35

O lla Podrida.Pro. P. G. S. ,

p . 1 1 1 .

372 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

’N T rauer Ged icht uf’

n

Doter Hund

’

S Dotes BedtXII .

S ing Madel S ing

Wan an ’re Freunde rhumd ich sin Olla Podrida.

Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . XII .p . 1 2 3 .

2 . PROSE .

(T his does n ot include n ewspaper art icles that have not subse

quen tly been reprin ted e ither in books ormagazin es.—H. H . R. )

ANONYMOUS ( See also POETRY )Der Esel P. D . , Vol . I , 1 , 2 3 .

Der Gapenschenda Merder P. G . , Vol . IX , 8, 375.

Dialog on select in g a Vocat ion . F in , Vol . I I I , 445.

En Ne ie Cure for d ie Rum at ies(Adapted ) P. G . , Vol . VIII , 6, 2 82 .

For Ol dars Horn e , 3d cd. , 1 02 .

G ebur tsm on et Profize iunga P . G . , IX, 1 , 4 1 .

Letter Commen d in g the publ icat ion of the Penn sylvan ia Dutchm an P . D . , Vol . I , 1 .

Letter with poem Die Deitsche

Baura ” P. D . , Vol . I , 3 .

Letter to the Ed itor of the“ Pion ier D . P. , Vol . VIII , 88.

Olla Podrida .Pro . P. G. S. ,

p . 1 2 5.

Olla Podrida.Pro. P. G . SPo 1 39 °

Olla Podrida.Pro . P. G . Sp. 1 1 5.

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374 The Pennsylv ania-German Soc ie ty.

DUBBS, J . ( See also POETRY )Deutsche Settlemen ts vor der Revol ut ion D . M. , p . 1 6 1 .

FUCHS, MEI K

Charl ie Green ’s Exper ienz m itEme Skunk P . G . , Vol . VIII , 4 , 1 84.

GEHR ING, CONRAD

Penn syl faw n ish Deitsha GuW’

r

n era Horne, 3d ed , 1 69 .

Hom e , 4th cd., 203 .

GRUMBINE , EZRA ( See al so POETRY )Die I nshuran ce Bus in ess Dram ol et .

Die Yun ga Richter P . G . , Vol . VII , 1 , 39 .

HAHNEWACK EL

Was mer G’

happen t is Bei’m

Hausbutza P. G . , Vol . VII , 3 , 1 37.

Wie mer un ser Offa Uf’gschtel l then . P . G Vol . VII , 6, 3 20.

HANJ ERG, OLD SCHOOLMASTER

Der Ha rn ing P. G . , Vol . VIII , 2 , 86.

Der Sam G il der i ui der Freiere I P . G . ,Vol . VII , 7, 375.

En Paar Neijohrs Gedanke P . G . , Vol . VIII , 1 , 4 1 .

Is ’

sMaulhal ta en Scheen e Sach ? . P . G . , Vol . VII , 2 , 84.

HARTER , T . H . (GOOTLI EB BOONASTI EL )

Boonast iel , Pennsylvan ia Dutch Bellefon te ,

Aer “Gaed Hawsa Hoonda . p . 85.

Are Schw ared Ob p. 2 3 .

By Da Sol dawda p . 1 73 .

Pennsylv ania-German D ia l ect Wr itings. 375

Dei Beckie ShtitselIm Orma houseSo Coomed WidderHame p .

Die Deitscha um die Eng l isha . p .De Feela Ligner p .

De G ickserDe House Butz G ichteraDe Hon s Butz G ichtera

B recha widder ousDe Hoonds Daw ga

De Hoyet

De Le itWOO Ol sfar t G ’

haredSi Wella

De Ma id sinWi G l aena Fish . p .

DeMenscha un DieMonkeys p .Die Nia Laws os merB re ichaDe Orma hen Mer Ol sfar tby Uns p .

Denksht Are Gebt en Ed itor . p .

Der Boonast iel an der Court . p .

Der Bow era Boo um derDude

Der Bush Hoond um der CityHoond

Der Butcher Daw g

Der Cen sus ’NumeratorDer Douks Dawg

Der Piert JulyDer Goot F re indDer Ne i Nuchber

Der Ol dt Mon Law ft far enOffice

Der Schm ar t Boo

376 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ a n Socie ty.

Der Boo 03 Si Marr ickMaucht

Der U—benn ich Boo p .Em Boonast iel Se i Butcheres . p.Em B rown -Sequad Si LifeLixer

”

Em Grover Helfe T zeega . p .Em Mike Sendapetze r si C ityFraw 83 .

En Bower’s BOO 1 56.

p . 81 .

En H ier-rawd Pardy p . 68.

P . G . , 2 , 89 .

En Maidel F rogt um Rode . . p. 57.

En Nc ic Sart Rigel-wake . p . 33 .

En Ride uff ma S i-b ickel . p . 59 .

En Shaeda B rief p . 49 .

En Sh il-grut p . 7.

En Siffer p . 42 .

Es Rodda Nesht p . 1 2 .

Fr iheit Conven t ionOn der Conven t ion . p . 39 .

Hame fun der Conv ent ion p . 4 1 .

Gebt mere Duwock p . 54.

G r ischkindl in Kaw fa p . 50.

I n Ma Hexa Nesht p . 20.

Kar raseera by Mach inery p . 1 66.

Kn echt Shoffa p . 52 .

My Leav a ’

s Law f p . 5.

On der Campmeetin g p . 1 1 0.

On der ’Noggerat ion p . 2 7.

On dere Wel dt’

s Fare p . 1 69 .

On era Huchtzich p . 66.

On era Le icht p . 6 1 .

Rip Van W inkle

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378 The Pennsylv ania-German Soc ie ty.

Uff Ganumm a on S imeWardt p .Ware Sull de Presc il l a H ira . p .

Ware Sull I ch H ira p .

We Con Ich ’s Besht LaevaMaucha

We Mer Gaid FishaWe

’

s Gait On era In fairWos Gebts Mit Unsera

Boov a

Part I I .

Ax ioms and Ep igram sShpr ichwordta

B l esseer Coomed Oony G’

frogt un Gait Ooney

G’

haesa p .

De College Boov a p .

P .

Der Asel in De r Giles Howd . p .

Der Chr ist ian Sc ienceDuckter

De R etcha um De Bl etcha . p .

Der Jecky Leebshtickl e T en dCourt

Der Mon Woo Re ich-Aw rem

is 201 .

Der Oldt Billy Sul tzer un DeLooder Grobba

De Shul dt Os Le it Aw rum

Sin p .

Der T swa Keppich E l efon t . p .

De U-farshten icha Fash ion s . p .

De Weipsl eit in Pol it ics p.En Jury-m on p .

Pennsylv an ia-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 379

I ch Wutt Os I ch en BowerWare

I n Fil delfyEm Wannamaker Si

Karrich HofeEm Mike Sendapetzer S iS tyl ishe F rawGr ishdom in Ga—kooshenda S itzWidder Daham e

Karraseera—DerOl dt un DerNei Wake p .

On Der T eacher’s In st itute . p .

Onera Kar icha Fare .

Pol it ics un De Kar r ichaShtr ide in Der Hous-hol dt ing—w as m achts

Un ser N iar PorraWidder Uff Der Ol dta

Bowerei

Deitscha Leeder. See POETRY, C . C. ZIEGLER and M . C.

HENNINGER .

H istorical

De Sc ien tists un de Hexaductor . P. G . , Vol . IX , 1 0, 47.

De Suckers in Pol itics Hom e, 3d cd. , 1 49 .

HOFFMAN , W. J

Der Hok’

lbira BarigDer Marti BechtelDer T shek Shtraus

D i G rann i Shidl

Jake Strauss

Jour. A. F. L. , p . 1 94.

Jour. A. F . L . ,p . 1 95.

Jour. A,

‘F . L. , p . 1 93 .

Jour. A. F. L . , p . 1 92 .

Jour. A. F. L . , p . 1 94.

380 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

Proverbs Jour. A. F . L . , p . 1 97f.

Gschicht fun da al ta T saita in

Pensil fan i Pro . Am . Philosoph. S. ,Vol .

3 2 .

HORNE , A. R

Penn sylvan ia German Manual , I st cd. ,

3d ed. , 1 905 ; 4th cd.,1 9 1 0.

Part I . En gl ish Pronunc iation of P. G. wordsPart I I . Penn sylvan ia-Germ an Literature w ith Eng

l ish T ranslation s.Sprich Werder

R atsl a

Re imaSchpichta

De G’

B reicha fun d ’

P e n n s y l fa n i s c h

Deitscha in O l d t aZe ita p . 93 .

F ashtdauga p . 95.

De Oldta Games p . 1 00.

Gschichta p . 1 02 .

See also Poetry—Weiser, Witmer , Henn inger ,Newhard , Kopenhav e r , Ziegler, Rauch , Harbaugh ,F ischer , Schuler , Rhoads, Grumb in e , D . B . B runn er ,Hark , Wuchter .

See Prose-Gehring , Zimmerman , Schuler, Harter ,and Warn er.

Part II I . A Penn sylvan ia Germ an and En gl ish Dictionary . p . 1 84 f.

(T he page numbers are those of the 3d edition ; the 4thed it ion con tain s 34 more pages. )

p . 70 f.Pro. P . G. S. , Vol . I I , p . 47.

p . 78.

p . 81 .

p . 89 .

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382 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

LE ISENRING, E . D

B rief an Der Deutsche Pion ier D . P May, 1 882 .

P. G . , Vol . IX , 7, 325.

Pennsyl faw n isch Deitsch D. P Vol . XIV, p . 70.

M ILLER , DANIEL

Penn sylvan ia German , Vol . I , Read ing , Pa . , 1 904.

Part I . See POETRY, HARBAUGH , WE ISER , MAYS, KELLER ,

F . R. BRUNNER , FISHER , VOGT , RHOADS, GRAEFF ,RE INECKE , E I SENBROWN , DUBBS, and D . B .

BRUNNER .

Part I I . Prose.

Bete Am DischB iiffel OchseBusch Kn iippel

Das Alt SchulhausDas Al t Schulhaus in DerS tadtDas Battel jeDeiw el

’

s LochDem Con rad We iser Se i

Drahm

Dem Dr. Schaeffer se i Speechan der Schaeffer Reun ion . p . 1 66.

Dem Parre Se i Drahm p . 2 76.

Dem Pitt Se i Handwerk . p . 2 1 4.

Dem Parre Se i Worscht p . 2 75.

Dem Parre sei G l e ichn iss . p. 2 45.

Dem Parre S toey sei Predd ig p . 1 85.

Der Bauer un die S tuden te . p . 2 92 .

Der D '

an Webster um Sei

Sen sDer E l teste am Preddige

Pennsylv a nia-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings. 383

Der Mose Dissinger p.Der Parre un die Schunke p.Des Lein e Vorsage p .D i e G em e e in Ochseschwam m

Die Haase Preddig p .Die Kausel is Um gefal l e p .Die Penn sylvan isch Deutsche . p .Die Regin a Hartman p .

Die S tadtel Bump p .

Die Worzel vum e el p .

E lbetr itsche Fan ga p .

En B rief an Der Parre vun

der Jacobus KircheEn Gl e ichn iss

Englisch Denka um DeitschSchwatze

En Laute St immEn Parres T rickEn Re ich PaarGrosse WorteGauls PreddigeGross Geg r isch AwerWenn ig

W011

He iere uf CreditI n der Kerch SchlofeKerchegang vor Al tersKorze Preddige

Leckschon ire

Lunsch uf em Feld un in derKerch

Penn sylvan ia EnglischSag I ch , Hab I ch Gesaht .

Schlechte ParreSonderbare F er ry'

wel l Predd ige 2 20.

384 The Pennsylv a nia -Germ an Socie ty.

e e rsetzun ge-T ran slations . p . 2 66.

Was Gehappen ed is p . 2 57.

Wer Hot d ie Welt Er

schaffe ?Wetterhahn e

W ie en Loch zu MacheWie er Die Naas Verbroche

Hot p . 1 78.

Wie er in der Sem ly War . p . 2 46.

Wie der Parre s ich R ausgeschii l t Hot p . 2 1 9 .

Wohl eberstadtel 2 1 7.

See also PROSE , KELLER , DUBBS, ZIMMERMAN .

Penn sylvan ia German , Vol . I I , 1 9 1 2 .

Part I . Vocabulary of 1 200 words.Part I I . Var iat ion s .Part I II . Literature .

See POETRY, RONDTHALER , HARBAUGH , WE ISER , STAHR ,

KELLER , F . R. BRUNNER , SHUEY,, E . GRUMBINE ,RHOADS, D. B . BRUNNER , BAHN, LI SBERGER , L.

GRUMBINE , GERHARDT , ESH ELMAN, ANONYMOUS,HENNINGER , SCHULER , MAYS, MORE , MENGEL

WOLLENWEBER .

Prose.

Dem Kun radt Weiser sei

Shtore in Reading . I llust rated p . 1 69 .

Dem Kunradt Weiser sei

House. I llustratedDer Bauer huts gootDer Parre Harbaugh . Portrait p . 1 83 .

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386 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ a n Socie ty.

De C. W. L. Soc ietyDe Engl ishaDe F ier t July Cel ebrashun . p .

De I r isha p.De Mawd Gaid uf en

Shtr ike

De Ne i Runzel im Shpella . . p.

De Picn ic p .

De Polly G r ickt en Surpr ise.

Der Ab LincolnDer Baw feesich BuDer Fader Fu’m LondDer Peert JoolyDer I nshingDer Nabukadnezzar und derNapolyun

Der R e icha Era Drovv el p .Em Jeckie S i Komposishum . p.

En Chury Mon

En T hanksg iving Shtory

En T rip Noch Em Shtate

HouseFen duFlying Macheena p .

Ge il Kaw ft und G ’

shwopp’

d . p .Hochmood udder Hunger . p.

Im F ebiw er ry

Labor um CapitalMi Ped igreePol itical An nouncemen tPol iticksRomeo and Jul ietRomeo and Jul ietSetta de Weibsl eit Vote ? .

Pennsylv a nia-Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 387

Um Beara HundaUn der FairWas aw gaid im De ichWe

’

s gaid won de Fraw emin der Shtore Shickt p .WOS iss sugcess

? p .

Wos mer Essa p .

Wu de De itscha Harcoom a . p.

Wuts ! Wuts l Wuts ! p .

Penn sylvan ia German , 1 91 1 .

A ’ar is de on ar wartAdv er t isa batsaw l d

Badrochda noch da arn

Boon a ols Medazen

De Bevvy S ingt en An them . p .

De Huchtsich p .

De Maria gaid iv ’

r der Barg . p .De Macht fun Kl an ichkada . p.

De Mommy ols en Duckd’

r . p .

De Nancy Hanks im Race . p .De n ei sort Bud ’r p .

De Rachel Powhana p .

Der Comet p .

Der D rol l ey p .

Der Duckd’

r Lawdanagl er . p .

Der Fcert Jooly p .

Der Hochm ood p .

Der Jacky G raddiate p .

Der Jecky l arnd en lesson . p .Der Jecky nu sei B rief p .Der Moses CadwalladerSchm idt

Der Ne i Wek un der Olt . p .

Der Nord Pole

388 The Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Socie ty.

Der Osht ’r Haws p .

De Shlung im Hoot p .De We ibsl eit p .

Donkbaw r in ola Ungl ik p .

Drawm Buch Bedeitunga p .D ’r Sh-Shduddera Jeck p .Em Jecky se i Waik farShduddia

Em Pit ’r se i gaba’

d

Em Pit ’r Sei DrikEm Pitt se i HandwerkEn A r l ich

’

r R askal

En asel DrikEn B izness NoticeEn Drawm BuchEn F re igaw ich

’

r DeebEn G ros

’

r Dosh’

d

En H in ar-end Coll is ionEn Hink

’

l -shpree

En Publ ick E il awdungE ishtars um Engl ish-SO12 .

En Fendu FeverEs HeiraEs Hun

’

r t—yar ich F eshtEs Karch-GaeFar’s Denka kon em nemond

henkaF aw snocht

F ilosofikal Gadonka

F ireworks uf da KonselF isikal J

’

ografy

Free-yorGuld- Shtook kawftHam-

g’

mocht Mush

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390 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Socie ty.

MOR E , C. C . ( See also POETRY )Der Hexedoktor P.

Der Hexedoktor P .

DerWiescht Mann v on der Flett P.

Die Kutztown Mail P .

En Wieschte r Draam P.

’

S Wash Heller’s I hra Chr ischtdagszug P . G . , Vol . VIII , 1 2 , 6 1 3 .

RAUCH ,E . H . ( See also POETRY )

Penn sylvan ia Dutch Handbook, Mauch Chunk , Pa . , 1 879 .

Part I . Dic t ion ary of c irc . words to p . 1 48.

Part I I . Spec ial Words p . 1 51 .

Abbreviat ion s p . 1 58.

T he Use of Words p . 1 60.

Coun t ing p . 1 71 .

Mon ths and Days p . 1 72 .

We ights and Measures p . 1 73 .

Prac t ical Exerc ises p . 1 74 .

Bus in ess T alk p . 1 85.

Hom e 3 , 1 2 3 .

Progress of Penn sylvan iaDutch Lit.

Quotat ion s from ShakespeareSpeech of B rutusRichard I I I , A c t I . , Sc .

IA c t V, Sc . IVHamlet , A ct I , Sc . V . .

Extracts from Scripture p.Pit Schw effel brenner pAn other Letter of Schw effel

brenn erAnother Letter of Schw effel

brenn er

‘P

’P

’P

G . , Vol . IX , 3 , 1 36.

G Vol . IX , 4 .

G . , Vol . VIII , 9 , 448.

G . , Vol . XI , 4 , 2 39 .

G . , Vol . VIII , 1 0, 505.

Pennsylv an ia -Germ an D ia l ec t Wr itings . 39 1

An Heller Shtarn Ousgonga

(T ran s . ) P . D . , Vol . I , 1 .

An T emperance Lec ture P . D . , Vol . I , 3 .

De Olta un Neia T zeita Pro. P. G. S. , Vol . I , 33 .

Fam il iar Sayin gs . P. D. , Vol . I , 1 .

Fam il iar Sayings D Vol . I , 2 .

Fam il iar Say ings P. D Vol . I , 3 .

For Der S imple Weg P . D. ,Vol . I , 3 .

Im Wash ington er Schtadtel . M . H. , Jan . 20,’

86, p . 63 .

Prospectus to P . D . P. D . , Vol . I , 1 .

Rip v an Winkle Dram ol et .

Uf un ser S ide P. D . , Vol. I , 2 .

Un ser Kl ehny Jokes P . D . , Vol . I , 2 .

Un ser Kl ehner Omn ibus P. D . ,Vol . I , 3 .

RUPP,I . D

E p p e s U e b e r Pennsylvan ischDeutsch D . P. , 1 870.

P. G . , Vol . IX , 5, 2 30.

Open Letter to the Ed itor on

Dialects . P. D. , Vol . I , 3 .

ScHANTz , F. J. F . ( See also POETRY )Hombog Orgel Bissness Pro. P . G. S. , Vol . I I I , 83 .

Letter to Dr. F r itschel Pub . in D ienzer’

s accoun t ofhis Vis it to Amer ica .

Part of a sermon on Job Pro . P. G. S. , Vol . I II , 1 2 6.

Speech before Dr. Mohldenke’

s

Congregat ion in New YorkC ity MS . in family.

Stor ies Pilger A lmanac ,

SE IP , J . W

Mei Erst Blugges P. G. , Vol. IX , 1 0, 470.

392 The Pennsylv ania-Germ a n Socie ty.

SHULER , H . A. ( See al so POETRY )S tor ies U . P. D. Kal . , 1 905.

Z eechagl aw a un Braucherei Horn e , 3d cd. ,p . 1 46.

U. P. D . Kal . , 1 905.

T RE! LER BEN

Der Bockw ampan und seinGe thiers Sk. Lecha T hal , p . 1 92 .

WARNER , JOSEPH ( Johann Kl otz )Am er ican ish Histor ic , Annville, Pa . , 1 905.

Ein leitung p . 1 .

Epoch I .

En tdeckungenDer Columbus En tdeckt

p . 7.

Andere En tdeckungen p . 1 2 .

Epoch I I .

S ettl emen tVirg in iaMassachusettsRhode Islan dConn ect icutNew HampshireNew YorkPenn sylvan ia

New JerseyDelawareMarylan dNorth und South Carol in aGeorgia

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394 The Pennsylv a n ia -Germ a n Soc ie ty.

Chester A. ArthurGrover ClevelandBen j amin HarrisonGrover ClevelandW ill iam McK in l ey

T heodore RooseveltZum Beschluss

WOLLENWEBER LUDWIG A

Gem al de ,

Ab Reifschn e ider un SusieLe imbach p . 1 0.

M . H. ,

1 36.

A Lutar ische Hochzig—U . p . 46.

Con rad We iser’s Grab—U . p . 1 35.

Der Al derm ann Mehl ig—W. p . 1 02 .

Der Baron St iegel—U p . 1 2 7.

Der Mister Lebtag—W p . 1 08.

Der M it l e Weg ischt derGolden e Weg

—U . p . 20.

Der Herbst—U . p . 2 8.

Der Pitt fun der T rapp—U. . p . 1 09 .

DerW in ter—U . 3 1 .

Die Berg Maria—U p . 1 25.

Die Paschen s—U p . 75.

Die Margareth und die Leah

Das W ilde Heer—UDie Sag v on End vumSp ieler—U .

Die Sag v on Zw ee Saufer

57

Die Sara un d ie Betz—U . . p . 68.

Dr. Dady—U . I 3 1 .

Le ipzig and Philadelphia,1 869. See POETRY.

1 886, p .

Pennsylv ania-Germ an D ia l ect Wr itings . 395

E in Gesprach Ueppes-zum

LachaEppes Zum Lache—UF arm l eben—U.

He irath’

s Kalen der—UIm Fr iit hr

Korz awer gut ULOb und Bar oder al ter Liebrost n it p . 50.

Penn sylvan isch Ehrlichkeit

Pitt Komm noch W.

S ie kumm e doch n och zu

sammeT eite Hosen un Standupsmache der Mann n et 98.

Vom Obstbaum butze p . 1 5.

Vuru Obst 2 4.

Vorrede p . 3 .

Vum Ueberhitze un Sun

n est ich—U . p . 2 5.

Wie d ie Nochbere de Charl eDorst vom B rann tweintrinke Kure—W 71 .

Wie mer Se i Fraa Probir t . p . 42 .

P . G . , Vol .Womelsdorf 1 40.

Vendue , Grosse -U p . 7 1 .

ZIMMERMAN, T HOMAS ( See also POETRY )

Kaiser Wilhelm ’s B riefe Read . T imes and D ispatch.

Horn e, 3d cd. , p . 1 42 .

D . M. , p . 2 49 .

396 The Pennsylv an ia -Germ an Socie ty.

3 . DICT IONARIES AND WORD LISTS.

FISCHER , HENRY L

Kurzweil und Zeitv ertre ib—1 882 . Special Glossarywords.

’

SAlt Marik Hon s—1 879 . Spec ial GlossaryFOGEL, E. M . See LEARNED.

HARBAUGH HENRY

Harfe —1 870. Special Glossary—2 45 words.

HAYS, H . M

German Dialect in the ValleyVirg in ia Dia . N. ,

I II , Pt. 4 , 1 908.

B rief Vocabulary P. G . , Vol . X , 1 0.

B rief Vocabulary—1 94 words.

HOFFMAN , W. J

I n the Proceed ings of the Am . Phil . Soc iety, Vol . 2 6, Dec. , 1 888.

A Penn sylvan ia German -English D ic tionary words .“A qu ite exhaust ive glossary of the Penn sylvan iaGerman d ialect (P. G .

-Engl ish ) . T his is littlemore than a review of Hom e ’s D ic tionary. T he

author acknowledges no sources by name and hencegives us no c lue to his mode of procedure.” M . D .

Learn ed .

HORNE , A. R

Em Horn e Sei Buch , 1 875, I st cd. , P. G .- Engl ish D ictionary

words.T his is by far the most complete and scien t ific l exiconof the Penn sylvan ia German speech.

” M . D.

Learn ed , 1 889 .

1 895—2 d edit ion—several hun dred add it ion al words and an

Engl ish-Penn sylvan ia Ge rman Dic tionary.1 905—3d edit ion—some add itional words.1 9 1 0—4th edition—s ome more addition al words.

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398 The Pennsylv ania -Germ an Soc ie ty.

4 . NEWSPA PERS.

4 . A PART IA L LIST OF NEWSPA PERS T HAT A R E, OR AT

ONE T IME HAVE BEEN, PUBLISHING PENNSYL

VANIA -GERMAN DIA LECT SELECT IONS.

Nam e . P l ace of Pub l ic a tion .

Allen town Cal l Allen townAllen town Democrat Al len townAn nville Journal AnnvilleBerks and Schuylkill Journal . ReadingB erks Coun ty Democrat BoyertownBethlehem T imes BethlehemBoyertown Bauer BoyertownBucks Coun ty Express DoylestownCan ton (Ohio ) Repos itory . Can ton ,

Ohio.Carbon Coun ty Democrat . Mauch ChunkCen ter Democrat Bellefon teCoopersburg Sen t in el CoopersburgDer Waffen lose Wachter GapDer Deutsche Pion ier C inc innat i , Ohio .Doylestown Morgenstem DoylestownEaston Argus EastonEas ton Democ rat EastonEaston Express EastonEas ton Free Press Eas tonEaston Sen t in el EastonEaston Sun day Call EastonEl izabethville Echo El izabethvilleEmaus Herald EmausEven ing Leader Leh ightonFather Abraham Lan casterFather Abraham ReadingFrieden sbote Al len townGeist der Zeit Kutztown

Coun ty.Leh igh.

Lehigh .

Lebanon .

Berks .Berks .Northampton .

Berks .Bucks.

Bucks.Northampton .

Northampton .

Northampton .

Northampton .

Northampton .

Northampton .

Dauph in .

Lehigh.

Lehigh.

Lancaster.Berks .Lehigh.

Berks .

Pennsylv a nia-Germ a n D ia l ec t Wr itings . 399

Name . Place of Pub lication . Coun ty.Hummelstown Sun Hummelstown Dauphin .

Jefferson Democ rat Pottsville Schuylk ill .Keyston e Gazette Bellefon te Cen ter.Kutztown Journ al and Patriot . Kutztown Berks .Lebanon News Lebanon Lebanon .

Lebanon Courier and Report . Lebanon Lebanon .

Lebanon Pennsyl v an ier Lebanon Leban on .

Lehighton Press Lehighton Lehigh .

Lit itz Express Lititz Lancaster.Lit itz Record L it itz Lancaster.Macung ie Progress Macung ie Lehigh.

Manhe im Sen tin el Manheim Lancaster.Manhe im Sun Manhe im Lancaster.Mauch Chunk Democrat Mauch Chunk Carbon .

Mauch Chunk T imes Mauch Chunk Carbon .

Mauch Chunk Daily T imes . Mauch Chunk Carbon .

M iddleburg Post Middleburg Snyder.Myerstown Sen t inel Myerstown Lebanon .

Myerstown En terprise Myerstown Lebanon .

Northampton Corresponden t . Eas ton Northampton .

Northampton Democrat Eas ton Northampton .

Penn Press,

Bethlehem Northampton .

Penn sylvan ia Dutchman Lancaster Lancaster.Penn sylvan ia German Lititz Lan caster.Pennsyl v an ische Staa ts Zeitung . Harrisburg Dauphin .

Pin e Grove Herald Pin e Grove Schuyl kill .Read ing Adler Reading Berks .Read ing T imes and Dispatch . Readin g Berks .Reformed Church Record . Reading Berks .Republikan er von Berks Read ing Berks .Rural Press Kempton Berks .Rural Press Read in g Berks .T he Advocate Lehighton Lehigh.

T he Am erican Volun teer Carl isle Adams.

400 The Pennsylv ania-Germ an Socie ty.

Name . Place of Publication .

South Bethlehem S tar South Bethlehem .

Sp ir it of Berks ReadingT he Nat ional Educator Allen townUnabhiing iger Republ ikan er Allen townUnc le Samuel LancasterWel tBote Al len town

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Pl e ase r e tur n th is book as soon a s you hav e

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