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Communauté française de Belgique Ministère de la Communauté française Administration générale de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche scientifique LES DEVOIRS : UN CANAL DE COMMUNICATION ENTRE L’ECOLE ET LES FAMILLES ? 5HFKHUFKHHQpGXFDWLRQQ 3RQFHOHW’6FKLOOLQJV3+LQGU\FN[*+XDUW7K’HPHXVH0DUF 8QLYHUVLWpGH/LqJH 6HUYLFHGH3pGDJRJLHWKpRULTXHHWH[SpULPHQWDOH Article publié dans Le Point sur la Recherche en Education N° 20 Juin 2001 et diffusé sur http://www.agers.cfwb.be/pedag/recheduc/point.asp Service général des Affaires générales, de la Recherche en éducation et du Pilotage interréseaux 9-13, rue Belliard 1040 Bruxelles Tél. +32 (2) 213 59 11 Fax +32 (2) 213 59 91

Les devoirs: Un canal de communication entre l'école et les familles

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Communauté française de Belgique

Ministère de la Communauté françaiseAdministration générale de l’Enseignement et de la Recherche scientifique

LES DEVOIRS : UN CANAL DE COMMUNICATIONENTRE L’ECOLE ET LES FAMILLES ?

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3RQFHOHW�'���6FKLOOLQJV�3���+LQGU\FN[�*���+XDUW�7K���'HPHXVH�0DUF8QLYHUVLWp�GH�/LqJH

6HUYLFH�GH�3pGDJRJLH�WKpRULTXH�HW�H[SpULPHQWDOH

Article publié dansLe Point sur la Recherche en Education

N° 20Juin 2001

et diffusé surhttp://www.agers.cfwb.be/pedag/recheduc/point.asp

Service général des Affaires générales, de la Recherche en éducation et du Pilotage interréseaux9-13, rue Belliard 1040 Bruxelles

Tél. +32 (2) 213 59 11Fax +32 (2) 213 59 91

______________________________________________________________________2 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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1 Comme l’avance Perrenoud, enseigner, c’est agir dans l’urgence et décider dans l’incertitude.2 Intervention réalisée à l’Opéra Royal de Liège le 21 septembre 2000 en présence de Monsieur Henri Wittorski, président de l’UFAPEC

(Union des Fédérations des Associations de Parents de l’Enseignement Catholique) et de Monsieur Spehl, président de la FAPEO(Fédération des Associations de Parents de l’Enseignement Officiel).

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4 Ibidem

______________________________________________________________________6 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

______________________________________________________________________

/H�3RLQW�VXU�OD�5HFKHUFKH�HQ�(GXFDWLRQ-XLQ�����

Qualité del’enseignement

Niveaud’adaptation

Temps alloué

Résultatsdes élèves

CARACTERISTIQUES DES ELEVES

VARIABLES CHANGEABLES

Motivationdes élèves

Incitants

Efficacité del’enseignement

Temps investidans la tâche

Aptitudesdes élèves

______________________________________________________________________7 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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'DQV�FHWWH�SHUVSHFWLYH�WUDQVYHUVDOH�� O·LQWpUrW�PDMHXU�GHV�GRQQpHV�UpFROWpHV�UpVLGH�GDQV� ODVWUXFWXUH�GX�GLVSRVLWLI�GH�SULVH�G·LQIRUPDWLRQ�GDQV�OHTXHO�O·HQIDQW�RFFXSH�XQH�SRVLWLRQ�FHQWUDOH��RQ� LQWHUURJH� j� OD� IRLV� OHV�SDUHQWV�� OHV� pOqYHV� HW� OHV� HQVHLJQDQWV��/D�SUREOpPDWLTXH�GHV�GHYRLUV� jGRPLFLOH� D� IDLW� O·REMHW� GH� SOXVLHXUV� TXHVWLRQV� YLVDQW� OD� QDWXUH� HW� OD� IUpTXHQFH� GH� FHX[�FL�� /HVGRQQpHV�XWLOLVpHV�GDQV�OH�FDGUH�GHV�DQDO\VHV�TXL�YRQW�VXLYUH�FRQFHUQHQW�����IDPLOOHV��LQWHUURJpHV�jGRPLFLOH��DX�PRPHQW�R��OD�PDMRULWp�GHV�HQIDQWV�VRQW�HQ��qPH�DQQpH�SULPDLUH���8Q�TXHVWLRQQDLUHD�DXVVL�pWp�HQYR\p�j�FKDFXQ�GHV�HQVHLJQDQWV�HQ�FKDUJH�GHV�HQIDQWV�FLEOHV�GH�OD�UHFKHUFKH�

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(16(,*1$17

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5 Ne sont pris en considération dans les analyses, que les enfants à l’heure dans leur parcours scolaire c’est-à-

dire les enfants se trouvant en 5ème année lors de l’année scolaire 1999-2000, soit 94% de l’échantillon total.

______________________________________________________________________8 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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(QVXLWH�� XQ� FURLVHPHQW� GHV� HVWLPDWLRQV� GX� WHPSV� DOORXp� VHORQ� OHV� GHX[� LQWHUORFXWHXUVSHUPHWWUD�GH�PHWWUH�j�O·pSUHXYH�O·K\SRWKqVH�G·XQ�GpFDODJH�GH�SHUFHSWLRQV�HQWUH�HX[�

(QILQ�� RQ� REVHUYHUD� VL� OH� WHPSV� FRQVDFUp� DX[� GHYRLUV� SHUPHW� XQ� DFFURLVVHPHQW� GHVSHUIRUPDQFHV�VFRODLUHV�GH�O·HQIDQW�

�� '(6&5,37,)6�'(6�5(3216(6�'211((6�3$5�/(6�3$5(176(7� /(6� (16(,*1$176� (1� &(� 48,� &21&(51(� /(6'(92,56�$�'20,&,/(

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G raphique 1: Tem ps investi par l’enfant dans les devoirs (selon les parents)40,6

6,1

1,2

26,7

12,8

14,814,8 13

28,427,2 27,5

24,1

32,2

10,49,9

5,3

0,9 1,2 0,30,3 0,90

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

Jours d 'éco le M ercredis W eek-Ends

Pou

rcen

tage

Aucun

1/4 h

1/2 h

1h

2h

3h et plus

Ne sait pas

4XH� FH� VRLHQW� OHV� MRXUV� G·pFROH� ´j� WHPSV� SOHLQµ�� OHV� PHUFUHGLV� RX� OHV� ZHHN�HQGV�� OHVUpSRQVHV�OHV�SOXV�IUpTXHQWHV�VRQW�XQH�GHPL�KHXUH�HW�XQH�KHXUH�GH�WUDYDLO�UHTXLV�SRXU�OHV�GHYRLUV��&HVGpFODUDWLRQV�VRQW� ORLQ�GHV�SUHVFULWV�GH� OD�FLUFXODLUH� �1ROOHW�� -��0������PDL�������� VXJJpUDQW�YLQJWPLQXWHV�GH�WUDYDLO�j�GRPLFLOH�

______________________________________________________________________9 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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6DQV�GRXWH�HVW�LO�RSSRUWXQ�GH�QRWHU� O·LPSRUWDQWH�YDULDELOLWp�GHV� UpVXOWDWV��3DU�H[HPSOH�HQ�FH�TXL�FRQFHUQH�OHV�ZHHN�HQGV��FHUWDLQV�HQIDQWV�����VXU������QH�V·LQYHVWLVVHQW�SDV��DX[�GLUHV�GHOHXUV�SDUHQWV��GDQV�XQH�WkFKH�VFRODLUH�j�GRPLFLOH��(Q�UHYDQFKH��G·DXWUHV������SDVVHQW�SOXV�GH�WURLVKHXUHV�VXU�OHXUV�FDKLHUV��3OXV�pORTXHQW�HQFRUH�HVW�OH�FDV�GHV�PHUFUHGLV�DSUqV�PLGL���XQ�TXDUW�GHVHQIDQWV�VH� WURXYHUDLW� VDQV�DXFXQ�GHYRLU�� DORUV�TX·XQ�DXWUH�TXDUW�SDVVH�SOXV�G·XQH�KHXUH� VXU�GHVWUDYDX[�j�GRPLFLOH�

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/·XQ�GHV�REMHFWLIV�GH� OD�FLUFXODLUH�HVW�GH�SDOOLHU� OHV�GLIIpUHQFHV� HQWUH� HQIDQWV� HQ� FH�TXLFRQFHUQH� O·DLGH�TX·LOV�SHXYHQW� UHFHYRLU� j� GRPLFLOH��2Q�HVWLPH� HQ� HIIHW� TXH� FHUWDLQV� RQW� GURLW� jGDYDQWDJH�GH�VRXWLHQ�SDUHQWDO�TXH�G·DXWUHV��SDU�H[HPSOH�SDUFH�TXH�FHUWDLQV�SDUHQWV�Q·RQW�SDV� OHWHPSV�RX�TX·LOV�QH�VH�VHQWHQW�SDV�FDSDEOHV�G·DLGHU�OHXU�SURJpQLWXUH��6RXOLJQRQV�TXH�OH�GpFUHW�GX���MXLOOHW�������DXTXHO�1ROOHW�IDLW�UpIpUHQFH�HQ�PDL�������VWLSXOH�TXH� OHV�WUDYDX[�j�GRPLFLOH�GRLWWRXMRXUV�SRXYRLU�rWUH�UpDOLVpV�VDQV�O·DLGH�G·XQ�DGXOWH�

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65,8

50,4

61,2

37,7 38

9

18,8

28,1

18,8

2726,425,8

45,2

30,7

10,1

27,5

21,7

16,8

1,7

15,9

21,7

17,1

1,40

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

mère père mère père mère père

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s

oui

non

sans objet

omission

Jours d'école Mercredis Week-ends

______________________________________________________________________10 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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(Q�JpQpUDO�� SUqV�GH�GHX[� WLHUV�GHV�PDPDQV� DLGHQW� OHXU� HQIDQW� GDQV� VHV� GHYRLUV��&HWWHSURSRUWLRQ� HVW� SOXV� IDLEOH� OHV�PHUFUHGLV� HW� OHV�ZHHN�HQGV��PDLV� FHWWH� GLPLQXWLRQ� V·H[SOLTXH� SDUO·LPSRUWDQFH�JUDQGLVVDQWH�GH�OD�UpSRQVH�VDQV�REMHW���RQ�D�YX�HQ�HIIHW�TXH�GDYDQWDJH�G·pOqYHV�Q·RQWSDV�GH�GHYRLUV�OHV�PHUFUHGLV�HW�OHV�ZHHN�HQGV�

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6860

1910

1415

516

109

34

23

13

12

35

0 20 40 60 801) l’enfant n’en a pas besoin

2) il vaut mieux ne pas aider

3) l’enfant refuse l’aide

4) manque de temps

5) l'enfant va aux études surveillées

6) voudrait bien mais trouve que c'est diff icile

7) est opposé aux devoirs

8) les tâches sont partagées

9) l'enfant bénéficie déjà de l'aide d'un(e) frère ou sœur

10) Autres

mèrepère

Graphique 3 : Pourquoi certains parents n’aident-ils pas leur enfant lors de ses devoirs ?

Pourcentage (sur un total de 110 familles)

______________________________________________________________________11 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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A quelle fréquence donnez-vous des devoirs ?

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______________________________________________________________________12 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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Si vous donnez des devoirs, combien de minutes de travail estimez-vous que vos élèves doivent y consacrer ?

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Pas de devoirs Moins de 15’ Entre 15’ et 30’ Entre 31’ et 60’ Plus d’uneheure

Temps requis

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______________________________________________________________________13 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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Quel type de travail donnez-vous à la maison ?

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Dictées Leçons Récitations Textes à lire Ex. de Math Ex. deFrançais

Types de devoirs

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Rarement

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______________________________________________________________________14 Les devoirs : un canal de communication entre l’école et les familles ?

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culturel, in Recherches convergentes sur le diagnostic et la compensation des handicaps socio-culturels affectant des enfants de 0 à 7 ans,Ministère de l’Education nationale et de la Culture française.

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