UNTVERSITI OF CALIFORNIA

Los Angeles

Loud Bark and Curious Eyes

A History of the UCLA Daily kuin, L9L9-L955

A thesis submltted tn partlal satlsfaction of the

requlrements for the degree Master of Artsin Journalism

by

George Louis Garrigues

Commlttee in charge:

Professor Halter l.lilcox, Chalrman

Professor Jack Lyle

Robert Kirsch, tecturer

L91 0

Copyright bY

George Louls Garrigues

r970

The thesis of George Louis

Universlty of Callfornia, Los Angeles

L970

l_1

is approved:

. the old Bruln I loved is dead. ft ran aroundfor a whl1e, kicklng and btting llke a mongrel pupln the pound who senses that he is soon to be put tosleep. But the supertor forees of the dog-catcherand the lan have tamed the pup vlth the loud barkand curlous eyes. Tlre ghost of the deacl Bnuin mayrise up and be heard. But nost probably it villsleep on peaeeably.

-- Z,ena Stanten, assoelate editor, Jan' ?, 1955

Some day The Great Consplracy Againet the Bruin wlllcome out ln the prbl-ic. As for nov, lt is better for theschool that no one, not even the students, know the truefacts.

-- Ir{artLn A, ffouer, editor, Feb" 23, 1951

11i.

TABLE OF CONMNTS

AcknoryIedgments .

Abetract of the Tiresis

Introductton .

Page

v

h

9

25

34

46

6l79

B7

ro6

120

I3IL55

vl1

Chapter

I2

3

l+

5

6

T

B

9

10

}IL2

13

THE PNEDECESSON.

SEGII{NINGS AI.ID EARTY GROHTTI"

fT{E DAII,Y TRUIN IS MRN.

CAMPUS HUIOR: fHE SAFETY VATVE i .

${E DECATE OT THE TIIMTIAS

IRUIN SPIRIT VS. COI'NCIT POWER

OFFICIAL NOTICtsS AND OTFICIAT, CONCMN. .

$IE MUIN AT }TAR

fTiE MyIH OT THE PEOPLE'S XRUIN

THE POSTWAR WORLD.

$IE STAFF ON STBIKE. .

T}IENEhI@LDENAGE .. N .. ' "TtrBouGH THInIY-FIVE YEARS OF ADS, DELIqmY.

.o

EDIIORS OF SIIJDENT NEWSPAPMS AT UCT,A , . . .

ME.},ON]ES OT THE FIBST gUB CATffORNIAN

TESTI}CINY OF DEAN MILTON C. HAI{N" "

cuBs, rIIE DEETEES, MANAGERS, PUtr,rCrTY, SUMMmS,BANqUETS, EDIIONIALS, IOM PEEPTNG AND I{OMEN. " L69

rh *tJE "DEArfi" oF $iE DArrx murN r9r15 EPIIOG1IE .i,. 211

Cita.tions. ?L7

2I8

222

225

226

Btbllography

Appendlx A

Appendix B

AppentU.x C

1v

ACIC{OWLEDGIiMNTS

ThJ.s sork could not have been done r+ithout the help of aI1

those who worked on the staff of the UCLA Dai"Iy Bruin.

v

ABSBACT OT fl{E TIIESIS

Loud Bark and Curious EYes

A History of the UCLA Delly kuin, L9L9'L955

by

George Louls Gamigues

l,taster of Arts ln Journalism

Unlverslty of Cal.i.fornia, Los Angeles, LylO

Professor We.lter Wilcox, Chai.rman

The UCLA Dai.ty Bnuin, founded in lfl!, was the successor of

the Nornal Outlook of the tos Angeles State Normal Sehool. It rras

named successively Cub Ca]lfornlan (f9f9-ZI), California Grizzly(tgZl+-26), Callfornia Daily huin (l-gZ6-t+l and 191+l+-LB), CallforniaBnuln, (fg\:-hh) and UCLA Daity Bruln (r9l*B-present).

Its hlstory is dlvlded into fi've stages: FoundLng and growbh,

1919-1921+; eoming of age, L92r+-29, Depression years, 1930-l+O; nartime,

I9!O-45, and the anticommunist cz'usades and McCarthyist perl"od, L9l+5-r5"

Financla3. vorries, club rrevs and sports covera€e rrere high-

lights of the L9L9-21+ period, during vhlch the Cub Californian rrent

from a weekly to a semj"weekly. The nevspatrnr intensifled its coverage

of campus and rlorl.d news during its professlonaLization ln the lateTnentles and its concomitant prlnting as a da5"1y.

vi

Ttre Twentles

humor edltlons which

trere enllvened by the controverslal HeIIs Bel-Ls

resulted Ln the suslnnsion of tno edLtors and

several staff members.

Ihe fhirties rere years of Depression, preparatton for var,

and dlsillusion. The Bruln attacked senseless traditlons, milltarlsm,radieallsm, reaction, and it opened its feature pages to rrriters ofaII oplnions. Drrtn{g the fhi.rtles the perennia} strugg}es betveen the

liberal- Bruin and the conservatlve Student Council began. The nevs-

paper ras aided by a steady grovth of "buin spirJ.t, " and the Councll

was helped by the support of the Universlty Adminlstration-

the Administration began recelving conmrnity complalnts about

The Bruln's ners and editorlal coverage in early years" Censorship

and other controls rrere diseussed but the UniversLty Bresl,ilent in the

end decided to "a}low freedom of expreseion in spite of the mistakes."

During World l,Iar II fhe Bruin redueed its frequeney to a tri-veekly and concentrated on sociaa activlties. It did, horever, con-

tinue lts early l"nterest l"n raclal equallty.In the Forties and Flftles a myth deveLoped arnong Callfornia

conservatives that The Bruln nas controlled by Comnunlsts or radicals"

In truth, the orientation of The lu.uln flas a free-thtnking one. The

myth was fostered by officlal.s hlgh ln the Unlversity Administration.

The postnar period brought attaeks on fne Bruinrs independence

by the Student Council and the AdmLnl.stratlon. In 1955 the Adminlstra-

tlon ended The Bruinrs interna-L autonomy by outlawing the staff-noml.na-

tion (slate) system and institutlng other controls on the nevspaper's

feature page.

vli

.ti +t +i )l )* * ,f +t {-

The Daily Bruln was formed along wlth ucLA ltself in 1919, and

llke the Unlverslty, it has evolvecl and gotten bigger and perhaps it

has also gotten better in that ttme. It has had its moments of

foollshnees and of greatness, lt has prlnted thousands of poorly

r,rritten stories, about the sale number of creditable ones and once

in a rhile its vrlting has touched the stars. It has had on its staff

a man vho would become a Nobel Prize vi.nner and one vho vould rtn a

Pulltzer, one vho became a beloved nevspaper columnlst artd one who

beearne a bi"shop. Former edltors have stressed this: The Bruin cannot

be seperated from its staff. At Greenstetn wrote in Lp)lr:

Instltutions Ere ltke old soldiers -- they never dle,they only fade avay.

They never die because at no time did they ever llve.They were never veaned, cut thelr teeth or Srew lnto manhood.They never breathe or react. Fev w111 be overvhelmed when wesay that lnstltuttons are not organisms.

Sinee The Dally Bruin is an instltutlon lle can apply eold,unnavering logic and say The DB viII never dle. A11 that nayhaplnn is that the nevsprlnt on vhich words appear vill fadeavay.

By belng an lnstltutlon, The DB can at no time have boastedthe hunan prerogatlve of freedom. A "free nevspaper" is amlsnomer. Ihere are only free people, free thlnkers, freetalkers, free doers, free rriters. The Bruin has always beenoperated by these rather expendable creatures. They-are the"-free" ve speaf of nhen rre say The Daily kuln is a "freecolrege nevspaper." . (on, v/tl/>t+),

In telling the story of The Bnuin, I have stopped the narratlve

vlth the nonth of January, L955, because that is the month nhen an

"old" Bnuln ended and a "nev" one began. PerhapS the nerv one is better

than the old one vas; but someone else vill have to tell that story.

And lt deserves to be told, Just as the story of the old Bnuin

deserves to be told.

fhe UCLA canopus nevspaper has had flve nanes in the past fiftyyears -- the Cub Californlan (}glg-zt+), the California GrlzzLy (y%.\-26),

the Caltfornia Dai.ly Bruin (tgZ6-t+l and I!l+4-\8), the Californla Bruln

(r9l+3-hh) ana, final-Iy, the ucLA Daily Bnuin (r9h8-present). rtshistory, houever, is }inked not to lts nane, but to the changes ln the

University and in the world outside. This paper will treat of The

Daily Brulnts founding and growth from lplp to 1!21+ and its comlng ofage from L/2\ to L929. Then, the Depressi.on years and the War. Flnally,the Bruln under its most severe stress, cluring the anti-communlst

crusades and the McCarthyist atmosphere of the ten years follor.rtng V-J

Day. Before beginning the hlstory proper, honever, ue delve into a

bit of prehistory -- the story of the Normal Outlook of the Los Angeles

State Normal School.

Chapter ITEE PREDECESSOR

In one vay The Daily Bruin can be traced back in tine to IB5l+--

Civil War Days--but only a romantic vould try to make an organic

conneetlon. Yet , . letrs glve a bow to romantleism and note that

the forerunner of UCI,A lras actually the State Normal Sehool at San

tr?ancisco, founded in t85a, and an early account mentlons a sehool

nevspatrEr being published on that campus ln 185h-55 (Jonnson, 1!\8rp.II4).This paper and subseguent ones--lf there rllere any--dled out rlth the

passage of time, and lt rgag not untll 1911 that the nerspalnr which

Iater gave place to The Daily Fuin was founded -

The State Normal School--an angllcized rendering of the French

dcole nornale. a teaeher-training 6chool--lras moved to $an Jose inIB?O (wirere it later gave rise to San Jose State CoIIege) and, tn 1882,

successf\I Southern Californla pressure brought about the openLng of a

branch in Los Angeles at Fifth and Olive Streets--the present site of

the Los Angetes Public Library. Flve years later, the instltutionbecarne independent. In 191h the Los Angeles State Normal Schoo1 moved

to a nev c€.npus on Vermont Avenue. That campus became the home for the

Southern Sraneh of the Untversity of California in tplp, and ls now the

site of tos Angeles Cornmunlty College.

In 1911--before the move to Vermont Avenue--the camprs felt the

need for a school newspaper. Sixteen year6 later then The Daily Bruln

received a "dlstinguished" rating in a Natlonal College Press Publlca-

tion Contest, reporter Albert Shershory looked baek ln hlstory to the

beginnings of the Normal Outlook:

It was at a. tlne when llllliam Forbes, present edltor ofthe Dail-y kuln, vas stlll ln hls cradle, or perhaps Justgetting out of lt, that the story flrst began.

It was in IflI. TLre UniversLty of California at LosAggeles had not yet come into existence; lts very site/on Vernont Avenuy' was perhaps a waste expanse of grass;its predecessor, the tos Angeles State Normal School was a)-lttle eollege--a very sma-l} one lndeed. *

ft rras then that the Normal Outlook, the father of the Call-fornia C\rb, (gig) the grandfather of the Daily GrLzzLy, and thegreat-grandfather of the Daily B:r'uln, ea"Ee lnto existence.

Great enthuej-asm flas shotrn . vhen . . the paper flrstappeared. It had been a long-felt need; lt made the gtudentsquite proud and elated about thelr college. I{e quote from thepreface to this palEr:

''rHE I{OnUU, SCHOOT OUEOOK': That looks good; lt soundsgood; it is good.

"An 'Outlook' has been a long-felt rant of tbe Norrnal School. Wlth eagerness, then, the Facrrlty of the Nonnal Schoo1

has awaited through the years the establislment of an outlookvhose vatchful serutiny rr111 not permlt any matter of importanceto pass unnotlced and vhose shrewd lnterpretation of affalrs,pastr surent and future, v111 be both lnstructive and interestlng.

"ilhat tlre inauguratlon of such an enterprise as a sehoolperiodlcal, planned by students, managed by students, eclltedby strrdents, ultlmately may mean for the Alma Mater, lt ls fun-posslble to foresee .

"The Normal School Outlookl Semper vivat, crescat, floreatl"TrEenty three (sfS) pagesr of the size of an ordinary magazine,

contalnlng one short story, a fev elub notlces, a fev class notes,a fen excharge Jokes, tvo editorlals, eleven small advertisements--such vas the first lssue of the Normal Outlook. Clarence Ilodgesras edltor, a.nd there ryas a staff of 15 students, Il+ of vhom rereSir1s ' r*'*

In lpII enrollment rras lrOfl+;Not surprising. The etudent

in L72:7 it vas 51723.body totalled 1,037 women and only 37

5

*tf.* men.

r,,"*puiiu";.f - ;Sr1-ffi t}!.'H.'iil: S:':; r;'l;: *'#:o; tne

the patrnr, to secure advertisements -- they had their handsfu1}. Bpt somehow or other the embryo journalists mrst havepulled through, for the next issue of the Outlook rthich re havebeen able to locate -- that of l,Iarch 3, 191L -- shovs elgns ofJ-mprovement. *

Shershcrn next te1ls of the Normal Outlook's plan for a staff to

help edLt the paper--a plea that vae to be repeated many times durlng

the hlstory of ftre Daily Bruln. He quotes the March 3L, 1911, lssue;

"Ttrere ls an emoneous idea prevalent ln most sehools,that the staff of a school paper ls some kind of a grlndlngrnachine in whlch 1t ls only necessary to press a button,and prestol rnaterlal appears .

"Candidly, the management ts disgusted. The studentsundertook thls enterprise. Apparently aJ.l feeling of responsl-bility has fled. The Outlook staff ls held responslble for thepaper -- and is then critlcized by the students vho have failedto meet the obllgation they have lmposed upon thenselves . "

qy f913, the paper had become even more negazine-}lke, so rutrch so

that Shershow noted "lt was rather hard to fi.nd a nevs item Hov-

ever, as lf to make up for thls, there vere more Jokes in the paper --sone of them quite good. For example:

'Before History X:'Lord God of Hosts be vlth us 3ret,'test ve forget, Iest ve forget.rAfter History X uas over:'Lord God of Hosts was ryith us not,tfor we forgot, for we forgot. tt'

Shershov found a sole copy of the OutLook for l{arch, :..91-5t ln whlch

there ras prlnted an artlcle entitled "evllushun of an Outlook, vrlttenby the Office Boy." It rras lllustratetl with photographs of the staff,

n these and most other issues menttoned by Shershow ln his series havedisappeared from the UCLA Library. OnIy the bound volumes for 1915-16and 19I5-I7 remain. The bound volume for 191?-18 ls ln the ASUCLAhrbllcations offiee.

6

of correctecl galley proofs and of the durmy edltors. The sehedule ofvork ras:

Monday and Tuesday the reporters rrould go out on thelr beatsand "searcht' for nerrs. Sometimes they received special aeslgn-ments.

f\resday morning the reporters vould be excused from assets-bly to wrlte copy. fn the afternoon they rrould go at lt again.At this tlme al-so, the editor corrected eopy:

"De boss sits at her desk wld a blue pencll behlnd eachear and marks up de copy vlch she reads wld her left hand.Someti:nes dey ts copy when she begins but dey ain't vhenshe quits. "

Then the eopy vas glven to head .wrlters. hlt, as ttbeea:ne dark around thls time, ud there vere no lights inthe offlce, they would move to the faculty room. llhen every-thlng ilas corrected, the night watchman would come and lightthe staff's uay to the print shop. x

By l91r-f5, the paper was a five-column tabJ"old, printed on glossy

paper vhlch has faded not at al.t thrctugh the years. On November !, L9L5,

lt headllned the nerrs that "Tbomas A. Edison Pays Flylng Visit to Normal."

And it vas soJ-d as a bound volume at tbe end of the year as a echool

keepsake. It had a letters cohunn entltled "What l'lary Thlnks.r' lltre

staff rlas alloiled college credit for worklng on the paper--"a maxlmum

of I r:rrits for one term, ) in aIL" (NO, 6/f5l*) . xx

Nothlrg can more clearly illustrate the difference in attltudeof the vomen (and the few men) at the tos Angeles State Nor"nal School

and the college students of today than this edttorial;

x Located, in IpIf at least, at the Stardard Printlng Co., the samecompany that later prlnted the Cub Californlan.** Only in L952 did UCLA begln to offer aeaderaic credit for Journa-l-ismin a regular sesslon.

T

Has anyone stopped to think rhy dancing is alloved at all I

in school? It is not alloned in most high schools. It lsalloved at very few college affalrs. Why do the authorltlesln NormaJ- School klndty al,Iot us to continue in this privllegewhen it is opposed bY so manY?

. Let us remember that the people of thls school (f...the faculty) give us many things rhlch they are in no vayobllgated to glve. one of these is the prlvilege of using theclub rooms for dancing. tet us be grateful and nake the mostof thls privilege, vhich ls also an opportunlty. (NO, e/ry/q)

Johnson (fgh8) reports that the Normal Outlook suspended publica-

tlon durlng 19I8-I$ because of an influenza epldemic ravaglng the clty,forcing closure of public schools from mid-Oetober to Jarnrary. *

There is strong lndlcation, houever, that the Normal Outlook

rras publlshed during at least part of that year, even though no copy of

it survives, especlally when it is remembered that rork on the Outlook

carrled aeadenlc eredit. fhe second tesue of the Cub Callfornian

(CC, tO/3/f9) featured a cartoon 1o vhich the old Nornnal Outlook vas

sholrn burled in the ground, beneath a tombstone reading "Taken From

Life Ig!." And it noted that AJ.lce Lookabaugh, one of the Cubrs firsteditors, "undertook the task of changing the splrit of the paper

In the t{ormaJ. Schoo}, the r0utlook' tras more like a bulletln than a

nelrspaper, but when the college atmosphere began to p,ervade this Lnstltu-

tion, a real nevspaper vas needed." (Cc, t/16/zo)

It is to thls t'real ne$spalnr" that ve next turn.

* Records 6hor, hovever, that the NormaL Sehool graduated aclass in December, r9f8. (mf, f lrc)

B

Chapter 2

BEG]NSINGS AND EARLY GBOIJTII

It vas a driazly Monday morning, a light uind from the north-vest, the terrperature about 18 degrees as the yellow streetcar roeked

its way north on Vermont Avenue. F?om time to ttre the motorman stand-

1ng at the front rindov tapped his heel on the metal button ln the

floor, sendtng a shrill clarg lnto the streets llghtly filled wlthautoncrblles and a few big vans rrith rooden-spoked tlres covered by

solid rubber. A group of gi.rls in the eenter seetion nlstecl the glass

vindovs vlth the warmth of their breath, and a half dozen eollege-age

boys sat in the open sectlon up front, the fabrie shades pulled dovn toward off the vlnd. One of them took the IaEt Fattma. from his pack and

threw the crumpled rrapper into the street before Ughting up rith a

vooden safety match. Another, dressed ln a tight-valstecl suit wlthnamow latrn1s, steadled hls morning Tlmes against hls knee as the street-car bounced, over the crosstracks at Beverly Boulevard. Ihe date was

September 29, L9L9. The headlines read: "!,OB BURNS oMAHA COURrII0USE;

ISEGBO tYl[CImD. " H" turned to a snal-ler story and found that Presldent

Wilson had returned f?om his Western tour, "sufferi.ng from a sertous,

though not alarning, breakdoyn, and unable to glve attention to the

greateet aggregatlon of donestlc and forelgn difflctrltl.es an Amerlcan

Exeeuttve has confronted in more than a decade.'r As the streetcarapproaehed Norrna^L Aveuue, the boy ras reading a Washlngton dlspateh

9

predlctlng the"absolute excluston of aJ-L Japanese" from the Unlted States.

"fn the Senate there vill be little obJection . " The rainsl.lckrrheels ecreeched against the tracks and the car halted wlth a slightIurch. Tkre aeeordion doors collapsed upon themselves front and baek,

and the boys and glrls (for they had,n't yet started thlnking of them-

selves as men and roaen) stepped dovn lnto the drLzzle, the glrls'ankle-length dresses pulli.ng up to reveal a brlef glrrryse of thetrblack-stockinged legs. They erossed the street to their campus.

Already the students were caught up ln theLr school rotrtJ.ne,

thelr day prnctuated by the sound of bel.ls in the hallvays, the droning

rnrrnrur or hlgh-pltched staccato rlcochet of teachersr volces, the squeak

of chal-k on blackboard, a massed choral repetition of FYench or Latinverbs. It nas the beginning of the second neek of classes in the flrstyear of existence for the Scruthern Bnanch of the Universlty of CaJ-i-

fornia--yhieh vas to grow from its openlng enrollnent of Ir\eO to reach

I5r0OO by L955. But thls Monday the boy fornd there was something nev

on campus--a school nerrspalnr, smel,l by comparl.son with the eight-page

Tines he had been readlng, but filted wlth stories, poems, photographs

and a eertoon about his new Unlverslty. He snatched up a copy and began

cllpptqg into lts four slx-column pages during his hlstory class, sittlng1n the back of the roou and unfolcllng the paper cautlously so the

professor wouldn rt notice.

Beneath the flag proclalming "Cub Callfornianr " the lead storybore a sedate single-eolumn headllne, "OId State Norma1 School Beeomes

Suranch of U.C.r" and the boy dldntt particularly eare that lt had been

placed on the left side of the page lnstead of the right, as good

10

Jor.rnal-lstlc practice, even then, nould have had it. Ttre rlght-hancl

colqmn vas filled wlth a story headed "Many Distingulshed Persons Nov

ln f'aculty." He sklpped over "Y.H.C.A. Offers a Hearty l{elcome to

Uniyerslty llornen" (ttrere vere lrZIJ vomen enrol1ed, compared to 2Of men)

and his eye rras ear:ght by a head1lne,

},'ACHIIIES REPI,ACE I{EN IN OFFICES

"Maehlnes are rapldly replaclng young men 1n offices,especially banks, where most of the exlnrlenced clerks havegone lnto servteer" sald !hs. Fayette Partch, lnstructor inthe course ln office appliances at the Sumer Sesgion. Hhatto do rith the offiee man nhom the machlne supplants a'll1.constitute a graYe economic problem after the nar, I,{rs. Partchthinks. (cc, ltlegl:.g.)

T[e boy read the rest of the story, then turned to the baek page,

to sports, vhere he found that a football team uas being organlzed.

The professor stoppecl his Lecture suddenly ln mld-sentence and glared.

The boy hastily put the paper altay.

Thus fire Cub Callfornian nade lts first appearance on the Southern

kanch campus. By the end of the year, the sehool yearbook, Southern

C?mpus. was able to say:

"Groning ort of the "Normal Outlook, " the t'Cubt' hasattemptecl to adapt ltself to the needs of a untverstty and,in conseguence, to emphasize, more than the forner paper, abroad eolleglate policy. For thls reason the chlef depart-ments of the publieatlon have been those of crrrrent ners andirmediate interests, rather than of literary and qulturalvalues. The attempt has been suceessful, and the definlte,Jor.rnalistlc stardards of correct paper-edlting have beenadhered to by the staff to a degree that ranks the !'Cub

Californlan" wlth the very best unlverslty and college newssheets of the l{est. (SoCan, 1920.)

t3r;rlcal yearbook hyperbole--perha.ps--yet it is true that even the

flrst fer lssues of The Cub gave sone glirapse of vhat The Daily Bruln

vould one day be and what problems would face it. fbe Cub began lts

11

Ilfe vlth a letters column, entltled "The Fire Bnand, " and though itIooked as though moet of the letters had been lnvented by the staff,at J.east 1t shored that stud.ent comment and opinLon were rrcIcored from

the very first. Advertlsements Ln the flrst lssue uere scanty: there

vere only 1l+, lncludlng one for a studLo that tar4ht "Rngtlne Ptano and

Sa:rophone Playing."I'lre Ctrb vasted no time ln firJ-fll}lrg lts ftrnetion as a noi.sy

eritlc of student goyernment. In lts seeond lssue, the lead edltorla-lattacked the Councll of Tnelve, a group of student leaders vho reredrarfug up a constttution for the nerr school

SECNET DIPIOMACY It{IJSf BE MI{E AUAI WIMI

?he Councll of Twelve is not playlng falrllt has cone to the ears of an unbelievlng student bodythat theLr conmlttee, responslble to them nloner hasdecldetl to hold seeret meetLngs and to wlthhold itsdolnge fron the publlc confidence The corrse theyhave adopted resembles more the days of the trbench "Comuner "rhen a handfirl of so-ca"l.led representatlves elgned araythe llnes and property of thotrEands of emLnent ettizens,than it does the chosen body of a modern unlveraity inseeslon to found a system of eelf-governnent. It nas thatvery method of secret dlpJ.onacy and leglslatlve meetLngsbehlnd locked doors thet has nade Europe the scene oflnaurerab]-e internatlonal svlndles ancl the center of in-ternationa-I lntrlgue (CC, fO/3/tg.)

The aeconrl edltorlal in that lssue, headed "Sehoo1 SBlritLacktng; Socletles !{uEt Be Organizedr' ras an exhortetlve backlng of a

Page One story that listecl the clubs and organlzatlons operatlng on the

Nonnal School campus ln 1917-18 (extracumicular actlvitteg had been

dJ.srupted ln 1!18-lt because of the lnfluenza epliledc).And, fhe Cub started early to dabble X.n off-campus politlcal

matters, a practtce that rouJ.d remaln to trsuble later generations ofeditors" In tts fl"rst tesue lt featured a cartoon deplctlng a fat uar

L2

C-roq)b0rd+JF{o-co.p.d F-l

c)d.c€)l{t<ooc|-{ Li+{lcEo(d

0)krtOr1,o-dh0.crnd>c!H oc).C +)€ t/)

f{n ..1b0 +{c.H q)csd{J.rth0 {,od-odEo--c r,.{r g

ddoot{ilkiO{J-dH3

l.abeJ-ed "street Railrray Magnater " ulth do}lar signs aJ-} over his clothes

and a great diamond. glistenlng from his flnger. He is sta.nplng his

feet and cursing "flrat Fordi" as a jltney bus fllled vith comfortable

passengers glides by; ln the background a slsw and overloaded Los

Angeles Railroad streetcar ls groaning and burstlrg wlth passengers

popplng out of rrindons. One of them says he shqflA have ta.lcen the jitney,and another conments, "I've road(sie) these straps so Iong, George, thatrlhen I get hone f have to hang on a chandelier to feel natural."

'/ "cuB" srAtr'F AsI(s Fon coopuBATroll

One of ,n rts at thepresent tine is erltlcizing the "c\rb caf.tfornian."

Far be lt f?om us to assume ar ironlcal tone, but rrcvould llke to ask the klckers vhat they are doing to makelt better.

The paper is urgently ln need of more staff menbers.fhe Job of gettlng out the paper at the present slze isnot fir1).y comprehended by the students. Not only thegathering of the news, but rrritlng It up is a stupendousjob. The paper uses about tventy-tto gal).eys of type, lrhichis about elghteen thousand uords. Ihe Job of, nriting thisnov devolves upon a fev, r+ho are loyally glving thelr tlmeand effort to nake a good paper for our universlty.(cc, rol3 /:-g.)

A more tongue-in-eheek article 1n the sarre lssue brought a

topleaJ" polltlcal approach to the questlon--a rry foreshadowlng ofcharges that would be hurled in earuest at []re kuln decades later.

MUCH CBIIICISM IS OFTBED HEEKTY STAFT

By PhiILup _Space

fhe "strtke bug" has hlt the unlversltyl Already the"radi.cal. reds" have vorned their insidlous vay into theconfidence of those vho represent the very heart of theschool -- the "Cub" staff.

13

Ttre ettlct has gone forth fron that llttle orbbyholenext to the "Co-op", sometines dlgnlfied by the tltle ofnevs offl.ce, that unless the Student Bocty "eomes throughr"'nshells ont" or otherwlse produces aay and every possibleklnd of lLterature comlng under the head of nevs, analready overworked staff viII forn a "unionr " "talk out"and leane the paper to the tender nercies of the faculty.

Before the first rr(hlb, appeared, the I25O members ofthe Student Body reglstered as nany klcks because thepaper nas not fortheoming Just when they wanted it. ften,after surmounting lnnunerable dlffleulti.es, the peperflnally apynared. Hhat vas the resuJ.t? More klcks' .A'ndthe staff got it "fore and. aft" so to speak.

fhen, students, unless you vould Eee your Brogressivejourna-I succrrmb to the influenee of "old nan bolshe.vlsm, "nrlte, rrlte, and then rrrite sore more. (CC, Lo/3/L9.)

The staff vorked under nolsy, erovded conditlons vitbout even

havlng the beneflt of academic credtt, ac had thelr predecessors ofthe Ho::ma1 Outlook. One letter to the "Flre kand" column vas slgned

"cub Reporter":Dear Fire Brand:

l.S head aches, and yet I must prepare ny copy for the"Cub" late tonlght. A1l day lorg I tried to do it, butln the stuffy office noney jlngfed as students paid theirdues. The roorn te so sma.LL that the society editor onone stde and the sport edLtor on the other Jostled mye1.bors. Except for the editor-in-ehlef, the rest of thestaff rere standing, as there Has no place for them tosit. As ve are dolng the vork for the good of the school,f thlnk re mlght have a more roomy, airy offlce. (CCTLL/29\9.,

Ben Person, edi"tor of The Daily Bnrln in L92\-2), remembered

Iater that the room was only lOxB ft. in size, and that the sumrer heat

beatlng on lts tin roof rould ctrl the paint lnto litt1e chlps. "$1e

actual printing of the paper vas done in a small Job shop on Spring

Street, and those rrho took the copy dolrn eonsldered the trlp to be a

rong oner" he sald. (cps, ::o/6lSt.'t

rh

Drrlng the early J€arsr copy rtas still belng handrrrltten, on

6x9 ln. paperr lengthvlse on the pager vtth tno lnches left at the top

of the ftrst page for headllnes and spaces bet$een linee for coryec-

tlons. (cc, t/t6/N.)And, the staff, thorgh eager, admltted lt vas not overly

competent ln the nuts and bolts of eollege journa1"lsru.

A FAqEn WITTSUTJN EprrOR

Our llttle edltoress, Alice Lockabaugh, vas 1I1 the lastfew days of thls veek. As she is the anLs arouncl vhleh aIL1n the Cub offlce revolve, her presenee vas greatly nlssed.The paper this veek rras lssued after a great deal of trouble.Flrst there rras not encnrgh copy. The staff ilashed wildlyabout and tore their hair untiL Esther Ostrow, the only ealmone in the group, suggested soae toptcs to rrrite about.

"ftre Red Cross, vhere can I find out about the Bed Cross?Hhere ls Miss Mathevson?" and one of the reBorters hurledoff to flnd the Red Cross authority.

"f 'm to rrrLte the gym story. tlhat is the gym story,nho ls it about and what sha1l I say?" The young lady rrasnearly ln tears as she finished this lqcoherent speech.

"Who ls golng to ta^ke this cartoon to the printerrg?Phillp, you take 1t. Yes, get exsused from your e1ass."

"Say, ls thls story flt to prlnt?""Ye gods, who is readlng proof? Hhere ls }rllldred Sanborn?

She knons all s!6st, 11. Not in classil Get her at oneei"

"Hho kncnrs hon to rrrtte the heads for these artictes?I,le must go dlorrn to the prlnterrs often nith Altce so thatve v111 know how to make up a paper."

"f say, vho knons anything about the ads? Hov maay didve ktL]. this veek?"

"Is tlle Monday assembty vrttten up? Pau1, you rr:rlte it.Better have lt ln the paper twlce than not at a11."

"LiUian, ean you make-up a paper? UelI, vho car?"

15

"Where ts Jaek? He orght to have an artlcle about theblg gane SaturdaY."

Unfortunately, most of these questions remalned uaansvered.If yog of the Student Body thlnk pu.tting out the Cub CaltfornLanonce a veek is an easy ;oL, you'ri mlstLkenl" (cc, :-l/l/Lg.)

"Hangers-on" cluttered up the Cub offiee in 19I9-2O Just as much

as they did in the years to follov, and political dlscussions vere Just

as frequent:lM,tS HARDSHIPS O.g

ERYING 10 WRIIE TNCAI,IFORI(IA OFFTCE

The veary reporte sat in the Cub office trylng torrrite r.lp the last council meeti.ng. He trled to concen-trate on thel.r nelghty decislons, but was interruptedby "Gratman's rnade-a btg mlstake, btrilding where --- I'

"No, lt is ln the eenter of the city. It --- "t'The noving pictures have run their course. Soon

they'll aL1 be out of buslness."

"If the Morosco vorld only ptlt on good plays, some-thlng eomic for example."

"By the way, I forgot to go to eJ.ass."

Of corrrse rrork rras stoptrnd durlng, "Sociallsm is thecrine of the age."

ilsoclalism 1s tos deep for students of our age."

Just then the bell rang and out valked the dlsturbers,each on the verge of a flght. After several mintrtes thereporter recovered and rent on vith his vork. (cc, z/zt/zo.)

Sesides a shortage of staff, the firb Cal-tfornian al-so had to face

a shortage of advertising revenue during the first few years, Brlldlng

up the advertising staff ocorpled the attention of the Student Couneil

on eevere]. occasions. Councl} n:inutes reported that the paperts

deflcit increased from $\46.21+

It and $frr8o on May 1J. Lack

Dee. 1I, L9L9t to $85f .92. on lrtarch

funds forced the paper to reduee

on

of

L5

1ts size to a four-co1tr:an tabloid on l'{arch 1!, but it vas ab}e to go up

to five colunns on Aprll 9 until the end of the school year. The Cub

rarned editorlal-ly:ftre Cub Ca3.tforniaa needs al.l the suppot't that a loyal

student associatlon can glve lt and then sore. The cost ofone prbllcation is over flfty-seven dollars, at the smallestestimate . No Cubs ulII be issued to anyone who does nothoLd a Student Assoclation ticket. This ls the last freetssue of the "cub Callforntan." (CcW

t1:e financial plcture rras so bfeak at one polnt that three

students---Misses Gracia l,flrrphy, Ernestine l{hite and Ruth Hubert---

raised $3.75, vhich they turned over to the newspaper firnd. (Cc, tt/zt/tg.)But more vas needed than threats and occasional donations. A

vaudeville show uas organized as a firnd-rai.Ber, and lt beeame an annual

feature dnrlng the early years of the campus. Soon, the Prees CIub

Vode, as lt was called, becarae the blggest shov of the y€ilr even though

the Cub was placed on flrmer ftuancial footlng and had no firrther need

of footlight subsldies.

The Vode soon degenerated into a battle to see hov nruch the

students eould get array vlth. fhe Deans of Men and ?loren were supposed

to enforce a eostume code and check the scripts for offensive language,

but it vas a holnless task to catch aL1 the ad-Iibbed tlouble entendres.

Dlrector Ernest CaroII Moore said the Vode teaded to "vulgarlty ancl

exhibltlonism, rather than to any klnd of uplift. It is the leastworthy thing re do at the university. " (Adm, t+ln/al.) The 1!2f shorr

beca,une a drlnkout wortl: at least a scene in a Scott Fitzgera.ld novel,

and the Unlversity Affairs Committee vas obllged to suspend slx students

and reprinand eleven others. "It seened to mer" explained Editor

IT

Ja.ues Wicklzer in defense, "that it was the student body in general

that rras trurticlpattng ln the party. In Nenman HaJ.I there was hardly

a person that rras not lnebriated or corld be consldered sober." (Areh,

nox l+3.) ttrat vas the last Press Club Yode.

Dqring the early trentiee, the eub beca.me a nevspatr)er interested

prlmarlly ln footbaJ-I, dances a:rd the founding of ner tradltlons, such

as singigg school songs on Hednesday mornlngs (a sprprisingly }ong-

llned tradition that Lasted uetl into the 195O's) and the vearing offreshman dlnks. As the ea.upus grell, so dld the deuand for eoverage of

c&ry)us events, and on August 29, L922, The Cub becane a trLee-a-ueek

p.rblleation (vhich the ectitors inetsted on ea-Illng a "btveekly").The hea.dll.nee for the flrst issue of the nev "biveekly" read

"Nev EnrolLrnent Hill Reach hro0or" 'that Yor:r A.S.U.C. Card Is Worth

in Dollars ard Cents" and "SoclaJ. Plans for Comlng Year l{11I Please AllTastes.t' A Page One cartoon by Bruce RusseIL shored a tanned and rested

student retqrnlng to the ealfipus from his sumsler vacatlon.

trtom almost the very beglnning rse find that Ttre Cub, thotgh farfron a great nevspalEr, vas produeing nen who vould beeotre Sreat neus-

papernpn. BusseII yas one of them. Hie dravlng talent vas shalcy and

stereotlped nhen he began on Ttre Cub in Lg22t but by the tine of his

graduation 1n L92? it had developed flrm line and as rmrch slgnlflcance

as he cared to present ln the student nevspaler.

Bussell, the outstanding Los Angeles Tj.tres political eartoonist,

undoubtedly drev more beare, cubs, grlzzlles and brulns ln his life than

any other aninal, a faet which may help explaln hls vlnal.ng the hllltzerPrize ln I9l+5 for a cartoon that shored a Russlan bear grovllng over a

18

ehasm at an A.rneriean eagle. Russellrs poJ.ltical beliefs dlal not change

mnch oner the years z A L92.3 cartoon depiets a man labeled "llhe Students

of the Worldr " holdtng a torch of "Education" as behind hlm crotrchee a

rather smgdged Miss t'Democracy" clutchlng a tablet of "Ideals." Slaver-

lng and drooling Just outoide the cirele of light cast by the torch are

rolves labelecl Destnretlon, Strife, Bolshevlsm and l{ar. (CC, lltS/Zl.)!(att lleinstock, longtine columnist for the Los Angeles Dally

Nevs aad the Los Angeles Times, uas aJr assletant sports editor, alter-

natlng the dutles rlth l{a.Lcto Eduunds, for many yes.rs the editor of the

UCLA Alqrrai l{agazlne. Lee Pa3rne, who nould becone nenaging edltor of

the Dal}y Nevs, had a column ealled "Piffle and Patter."

A nrlter vho was to rsin recognition ln the fleld of internatLonal

diploloacy rras Ralph Bunche, the Nobe} Peace Prlze laureate of 1950.

Bunche, a Negro, played basketbatl at UCIrA and for a long tlne he trrote

a colurun ealled

mio's mIr{G HI{AT, AI{D ingr

By RalPh Bunche '27

Cap Haralson has been on the indisposed J.ist el] veek,but tomorros's fracas lllll find the C\rb terror runnlngrlJ.cl o ter the sarduot meadorr -- poetlcally spea.klng.

flllie Parlei pulted up vlth a bad]y "corkedt' IegHednesdayl but he rs out there barkirrg rem out again andw111 probably tllrect the Cubsr offense tomorrov'

The old "Ku ICLutc" ball has been brought out thisveek, due to the early fal.J.lng twlltght. ftre fleldIooks real spooiry wlth the nhite ovai flippl.ng back anclforth, apparently from nonhere. (cc, Lolz6/$)

John F. Cohee, editor ln faJ-l, LgZ.\, and again ln fa1l, L%5,

1gas a good professional reporter for abotrt 20 years, coverlng the opening

of the Unlted Natlons. A contemporary recalled hin l+5 years later as

L9

qulek-vttted, a liberal, and "somevhat a h1pple of the Tventies

(fre) trone3rmooned in a canoe on the Danube." Cohee had the uafortunate

dlstlnction of belng the first of tvo calnpus nelrspaper editors to be

expelled by the Unlverslty Admlnistratlon (see Chapter h). Fred Moyer

Jordan, etlitor to L/2.3-24, vas elected student body president (one of

tvo Bruin edltorE to advanee to that positlon) and later became a

Regent of the Unlversity.fhXs perlod sanr the beglnnlng of the feature that ran continuously

and proudly untll the 1960s--the "Grins and Gronls" colunn, whtch nas

the canpus ombudsman, sounding board, rellef valve and politlcal forum

a^l-I rolled lnto one.

This lssue marhs the lnauguratlon of a aev department,,"Grlns and Grovls."

llere you partlcularly dellghted by the way the lastrally vas conducted? Say eol Can you propose a reuedyfor the nob that aceurmrlates in front of the mall boxes?Say sol

If you are afraid to publlsh your opi.nton, turn to theEdttorial Pager aad read sore of the oplnions that havealready been expresged. Grlns ancl Grovls ls l.ntended as aspokesman for the hitherto el}ent maJorlty of Stuclent Bodymembers. Does yorr soul clernand self -expresslon? $irra lnyotrr thoughts at the Ctb offlce. (cc, g/zglzz.)

The firet letter, prtnted the same day, urged the establishnent

of a campus theater group. An edltor's note polnted onrt that "A1} com-

mrnlcatlons should be plaeed in the '6' nail box, addressed to 'Grlns

and Gronls. r" Etghteen years Later a student edltor }auded the column

as t'denocracy at rork . . . of the students, by the students and forthe students the volce of the ca.mpus. " (Cpg, g/tgho.\

(tte appearance of Orlns anct Growls had been preeeded by a

shorter-Ilved letters co}umn entLtled, somethat one-sidedly, "Orouches."

m

"Have you a llttle grouch in ycn:r done? If so, turn it i.n. Llmtt2oo vords.") (cc, t+/zg/zt.)

ftre Cub waeted no tlne tn Jolnirg si.th other campus ne$spapers

to foru the Southrrest Intereollegiate Press Assoetatlon--uhich ln 1921

incl-uded the USC TroJan, Pomona Co)-lege Student Llfe, l{evada Sagebrush,

Redlands Campus, Davis Fatm Agricola, Californla Tech, Arlzona tJlldcat,

Quaker 0ampus (Wtrttti.er) and The Cub. The obJect was to "syndleateaerrs, exchange ideas and co-operate generally for the advance of collegejourna,lism. " (cc, t/tl+/z:-.)

EdttorlaJ-s geners'lly dealt rith canpus affalrs and the improve-

ment of vhat vas ealled "CaHfornia splrit." They vhlpped up support

for Cub football teans and for the CalifornLa Bears rrhenever they vlsitedLos Angeles to play USC. At oae poi.nt, the Cub announced that it voulddlscontinue the use of term "southern Btraneh" ln its ners stories and

vould use the phrase "The Unlverslty of Callfornla at Los Angelesfi or

"The State Unlverslty at Los Angeles." fhe eclltorla] ras headed "U.C.

at L.A.r" probably the flrst time those four tnitials had appeared inprint. (cc, LL/LT/zz.)

On one occaslon, though, the Cub broke out of its raold to evl-denee the concern that Dai.Iy Bruin editors generally felt through theyears about raclaJ" equality.

INIOTERAHCE STTT.L

l{e }lke to assure 1n thls en}ightened day ancl age thatpeople ae a vhole a.re becomlng more and more broadmlnded,more tolerant, and less blgoted in thelr relations tonardone another. A corplete vorld peaee, lre are told, caneome only as a reeult of equality and fraternl.ty aeongnatlons. And there are fev today who trould not claim to

ZL

be in accordanee rith thls ideal of univereal brotherhood.At least the thory sotrnds vell.

Oeeaslonally, horever, sone llttle lncldent notlced lnpasslng gives rlse to specrrlatlon as to Just hos far ne havereally progressed along the line of connplete tolerance torardour fellou man.

Recently the football team of lia.shlngton and Lee Unlner-sity obJected to playlng a scheduled gane wlth Washlngtonand Jefferson, because the latter eleyen included a negroplayer the signlflcance of the lncldent is that itclearly shovs a race preJudice, an lntolerance tonarclscertaln peopleo and creeds exlstlng as strongly as in by-gone ages. .

It ls a sorry state of affalrg nhen otrr lnstitutlons oflearnlng, the backbone of our country, wlLL not onJ.y refral-nfrom brea.ki.ng dovn this race hatred, but viII even go so far1n sone cases as to sanctl.on 1ts existence. Hor sutrrrflclal,hov riillcuJ.ous, all their hlgh-flour lecture hal1 theorlesof brotherly love appear rhen vlened in the llght of actualeLrcumstance I (cc, ro/rz/zl.) x

Thls le a velcome reJ.ief from earller treatment of Negroes

by the Btruln. Dialect stories absut a "darky" and a "colored ladylvere prlnted on Dec. 5t L9L9t and Oet.28, L92I-. And an earlyedltorlal eartoon shorred two ltegro stereot34>es on thelr hande and

knees ln the gutter, one of thern sayi.ng to the cobblestones, "Oh,

you LII Bonee -- vha' Lz yo???" The captlon va6 I'Pa.radlse (Palr O'Dlce)

toet." (cc, l/tz/zo.)An earller edltorlal had hlt out strongly on amother subJect--

compulsory vacclnatlon against grnallpox, which the edltor called"unnecessary and un-Amerlcan, " Ukening it to the practlce of l(alser

Uilhelm's Geraany. (cc, fr/rt+/:g,)

* In 192, UCLA faced the sa:re problem when Leon lrlhltaker, a Negrostudent, was barred from co4retlng ln a bonlng natch at Stanford.Students petitloned Dlrector Ernest Carroll Moore to forblct UCI,A fronconpettng ln any event marred by sueh racial restri.cti.ons. Dn. Mooreacqulesced. (arcn, no:< 37.)

22

Durlng thls period, The Cub printed its flrst edltlon in more

than one eolor, on lday L8, L923, to honor an "At Hore Day.t' It featured

a blue-bordered skyllne head, "Oreater University Ectltionz" vlth a gold

bear prlnted over the entire front page.

It also prlnted lts flrst extra edltlon on Dec. L2, L%3t a

wednesday, rith the banner head, "SoIITHERN BRAltcIl FIIItRE BRIGHT AS

TOI'RIH ]tsAR IS NSTABTISIMD. ''

Beeause Ttre Cubrg cirqrlation was llnked to the purchaae of e

student body card, canpalgns uere used to increase rea.dershlp. In I$21,

a sign vas painted by l{i1-J.ian t. Andreus, a federal student (veteran

studying at the llntverslty under an early equlvalentcf the G.I. Bill),along a carrrllus fence, "Every student shotr).d read the CtB CALIFORXIAN,

the sptrit of orrr uaiversJ.ty." (cc, 316/4.)The next yeaf,r the student body felt lt had grown up, and the

nascot of the school charged from a qrb to a grLzzly. The change al.so

affected the Crrb Callfornlan, vhlch becaae the Callfornla Grlzzly on

l{arch 2L, L92\, wlth a aev flag deslgned by t{a}ter Lee of the lllustratedDally Xevs. It edltorla-lized:

CUB }CI IOTGEN

Conpletlng one of the fev renainlng steps ahead of usbefore ve can entirely assume the obllgatlons and prlvllegesof a fu}I-flefued utinersltXr rle viLl celebrate today andtonlght the develotrment of the Cub lnto a full-grown SrtzzlyBear.

"Cubu and aII it lnpIles as being a stage in evolutlon, aray-statlon on the road to sone aclult achl"eyement, is nor out ofour category. Fron this tlme fonrard for evermore ve denouncethe adolescent shortcomlngs of the "cub" (CC, ilZtlZ\.)

23

&rt rhether it was called "Cub" or "GrLzz.Iyr " the student ners-

paper lraa essentlally etl}l a. stnal.1-canpus weekly, even though it tas

published tvice a ueek. ft remained for the publication of a dallyneyspaper to begln the eecontl phase of Ttre Daily Brulnfs growth--

solldlflcatlon and intenslflcatLon of eaopus and worldvlde neus cover-

age ln the splrit of the lt2ors. that phase began on Septenber IJ,Ly2r.

2l+

Chapter l|nIE DAILY BRUIN IS SORN

"tr?eshmen vomen tmrst vear thelr frosh buttons, theymust buy A.S.U.C. cards, and they must use onJ-y the baI-conles at Assemblles. First-year vomen must not queen;they must not uEe the Sophomore benehes in Mlllspaugh HaII;they nust stay out of Sophomore Grove, and they must notvear high sehool jevelry." -- Advlee to enterlng vonen fromthe tlomen's Sophomore Vigilanee Comrnittee. (CG, 9/L3/25.)

". the lp2ors generated more froth thany other ten-year 1reriod ln Amerlcan history, and as the decaderushed to its cllmax the froth billovetl hlgher than ever."-- Paul S. Boyer, Purlty in Prlnt. New York: Scribner's (1968).

There is a stereotlpe of the late 192O's as a vacuous perlod ofgoldfish-sva[owing, fJ.agpole-sltting, hip flasks, boo]a-boola and

lrlamle the CoILege Wldon, Pride of the Yoo-ni-ver-si-teee. As with most

stereottrryes, there ls an element of truth in the pleture. the Dally

Bruin was certainly not imntrne from thls klnd of frothy college

atmosphere. (See page If.) But the Bnul.n shoved a surprising amount

of maturatLon and gronth in the }ate 2Ors. f?ue, football ga,rnes and

vaudeville shovs nere bannered on Page One. Yet a new emphasis vas put

on soJ.ld nerrs reporting and an arrareness of the lmportance of vorld and

national events.

It began vlth the establlshment of The Grlzzly as a dally ne$s-

paper on September Il, L925. The ilaily struggle to fill four, six or

ei.ght fu1-l-size pages a day meant that the Bruin needed a wlde varietyof nevs and features. It needed to rearrange its prlorlty system to

25

meet deadllne after deadllne, five days a veek. It was becoming

professional.

T}IE DAII,Y GRIZZLY

Todayrs editlon of the GrtzzLy nsrks the beginning of anev era ln its history, for it is nov a full-fledged dallypubllcation, vhtle ln past years lt made lto appearance onthe campus a6 a weekly, and then bi-veekJ.y paper it isonly another va;rmark sho'wing the cadence the University istaking in lts strldes forvard. (Ce, g/tZ/z>.)

The year just passed marks a milestone ln the hlstory ofthe California Grizzly, for it ls the first tine that lt hasfunctioned as a ilai.Iy publication. In splte of the mlsglvlngsvhich attended the change from a bi-seekly paperr lt is norrfirn-ly established on its nev basis.

Wlth John Cohee, '26, edltor for the fa}} serrester, andBen Person, t27, editor for the sprlng te:m, many innovationshave been arlded. Chlef among these is the perfeetlng of amanagl.ng editor system such as that used on the Daily Cali-forntan and the Dally PaIo Alto, Stanford's publlcation.

Ihe Edltorta-I Staff has been much enlarged vlth over sixtylnople rorklng on lt tlurlng the year. Thls staff is cllvldlecllnto four groups: nevs, sports, feature, end copy desk. Atlifferent news editor and set of reporters are in charge ofeach edltlon.

For the flrst time, the Grizzly hao had a separate featuredepartment. Among the regular features were Ida lr{aryr Grizz}ySizzlers, and Sap from the Bnanch, al.l of vhlch occasioned muchmerrtment. There has also been a serles of intervlers trlthcelebritles sueh as Mlchael Arlen and John Bamymore, obtainedby members of the feature department"

Durlng the first semester of the year, John Cohee and AlfredS1lrgsby, '27, attended a conveatLon of eollege newspapers lnthe rest, at the Unlversity of Oregon in Sugene, Oregon, fromwhich they gained many lnspirations to ald in eonducting theGrlzz1y. (SoCan, L%6.)

The Hollyrood Sens said editorially in L)ZJz

For those vho have read that colleges are overrun rllthfrlvollty, rre recomnend the readlng of the Callfornia GtIzzLy,

25

the daily publication of the Universlty of Callfornia, SouthernBranch. It is fult of serlousness. Certainly thls eouldnot be true lf a great number of students rere only pleasurebent. (Quoted in CG, g/zg/Z>.)

In J'926-272 editor WiILiam E. Forbes "emphasized the printing ofneys items in place of publlelty storles. Horld news, both nrltten and

pictorlal, has been a new feature this year." (So0am, L927,) Ana on

September &, L%17, The GrLzzIy printed the first story from a nerr

wlre service.MICHEL CBOSSES

EUGLISH CHANNET

"Snlnrring Frrr Honor Of Francer " H"

rcUIOGNE, ftanee, Sept.Tllli(Enitecl l{evs ) .channel has suffered another defeat--the vorstdiruned prestige of male srrinrers has brightenedeffulgence.

Sai.d

-- The Englishyet--and theto lts for-mer

With the alcl of a glass of champagne and sonte slrgar dippedin cognac, Georges Michel of trYance took for hi-s eountry therecord for swimmlng the channel that a few veeks ago belongedto Gertrude Ederle and subsequently to Ernst Vierkotter, theGerraan.

The nev record is 1I hours and six ninutes. Mlchel leftGrts Nez at B:J2 l-ast Thursday night and arriveil at St. !i[ar-garet's bay, England, at '(t3B frfday mornlng.

Mlchel, who vas the fourth to cross the channel thls surnnerand nho lorered Ylerkotterts tlme by an hour and 16 mlnutes,had battled violent cuments for a part of the vay and hadsuffered from a eramp. Onee he almost sank. But he rras swim-mlng for the honor of fuance, he declared later, and felt thatit was up to him "to beat the German." (CG, g/l-.1/zl.)

Flve months later, fhe Brutn adcled "the exclustve use ln Los

Angeles of the picture and cartoon servlce of the Editorrs Feature

Service. The compary has its natlonal offlces ln the Tlmes Erildlrg,clevel-and, ohio." (cog, z/>/zl.)

27

Editor Janes Wickizer felt The Bruln was ln direct competiti"on

vlth metroporitan nevspapers. (con, Lo/nlzT.) ro cap its rise to a

semi-professional status, The Daily Bruln joi.ned the California Nevs-

paper Pubrlshers Associatlon as an associate member ia 1!28. (coart+/g/as.)

Arthur Brisbane, nationally knorrn eolumnist, deelared that The

huin "maintains the highest type of Journallstlc standards and ethice,rhich any metropolitan paper mlght profitably folIov. " Hevj.tt lrlyringra vislting Engllsh journarlst, Judged the Bnuin to be the best corregepaper that he had seen ln the Unlted States. (SoCa:n, LyZ.8.)

The newspatrnr took its nevs-dissemination ctutles seriously.tJith the aid of the l{ollywood citizen, it rras able to erect a rarge

score board on Moore Field for the 1!25 world serles betveen Nev Yorkand St. Louis (von by St. Louls, l+-3), on vhlch the scores vere posted

as the results vere recelved by radio. "rt virl be forlorred by otherservices nhich viLl earn for the paper the titIe, 'a blgger and betterQrLzzLy. "' (cc, ro/t+ /26.)

And on Jan. ZJt l-927 t the nevspalnr added the first in vhat nas

to become a }ong line of llterary and artlstic supplements. It vas the

Literary Reviev. publlshed as page6 I and h of the regular issue, once

every three veeks. Later supplements rere to be The Fo1io (ffust appeared

tt/l:o/5il, Scope (to/:.B/ZB, The Literary pase (v/6/t+\), Ca,Lifornla pallfBruin ldagazlne (fqlf). The Llterary Revlew itselfa separate publlcation, whlch nas ln turn replaced

The Brrrin in 1933 as a Depresslon economy measure.

By this time, the student newspaper had ehanged its name from

"Grlzzly" to "Bruinr" *r a result of UCLA's joinlrqg the paclflc Coast

eventually turned

by the Follo page

intoof

28

Conference. Wl}liam E. Forbes, vho later becane president of the

Southern Californla Music Co. and a Regent of the Unlversity, recalled\3 years later:

I was the first edltor of the Daily Bruln. It carne aboutthis vay -- UCIA vas a nerr member of the Paclflc Coast Confereneethat then included the UnLverslty of Montana. Both UCLA a-ndMontana were knonn as Grlzzlles. Our paper was the Dal1y GrLzzLy.Montana told us, the nev PCC member, that ve hacl to change ourna&e. We undertook a Bearch, Iasting for rrceks, and futile untllthe student body eouncll at Berkeley rrrote to us, explalnlng thatBerkeley nas known both as Sears and BmJ.ns, and offering thename Bruln if ve wanted it.

Our student councll lmmecllately aceepted vlth thanks, thename of the paper vas changed one Friday to the Daily Bruin, andve beat Pomona in football the following day.

I stayed at the print shop ln Hollyrood from five otclockuntil ve put the paper to bed at II, ehanging all references(from) Grizzliee to Bnuin, revritlng yells, songs, et cetera,rrhich vere put 1n the paper and used effectively the next day.(Questionnaire, L/TO .\

Edltorlally, The Brlln comnented, "fhis ts the third name thatthe student Journal here has had, and it is expected to last as long as

the Unlversity." (cDB, w/ez/25.)That year, The Bruln von its flrst national avard--a"dLstln-

guished" ratLng by the l{ationa} College Press Congress--a prlze thatsurprlsed everybody since The Bruin ha.d not been entered offlelally.(cor, a/y1/er.)

Dring thi.s period, revenue problems vere ended, and The Bruln

ras able to build up a regular stable of local ancl natlonal advertlserswhich enabled "the largest Daily Bruin ever published" (to ttrat tine) tobe printed on lriray 25, L72:7--25 eight-column pages tota].llng l+rl+32 eolumn

lnehes.

29

The nerspaper vas seen to be the daily record of eampus activi-tles, and Mlss Goldren of the eampus llbrary staff found time to prepare

al index of Grizzly nea's Ltems, paying "special attention to traditions,engagements, marria€es.r faorlty meubers, debates and debatlng." (Ce,

g/el/26.) This indexlng vas contlnued and botrnd lnto lhe Dally Bnuin

tibrery flles for the next flve years'

The school itself was changing cluring this perlod. The propor-

tlon of men to $onen students ras lncreasing. In Septembert L%.5, there

vere 2ro\? men and \rl+92 voren; four years later the figures rtere 21365

and 3r8IO. At the beginning of L927t the hazlng custom was elimlnated,

rdth Dally Bruln editorial blesslng.

Edltorlals were still prtmarlly coneerned rith eampus issuee.

But a front page column, "The Stray Catr" by Edltor Jares F. l{lckizer,brought natlonal lssues to readersr attentton ln such nays as this:

N"EGno PROBLEI,T

Last veek the natlonrs nevspatrErs vere ftllecl wlth nevsfrom Gary, Indlaaa, vhere 12O0 htgh school students struckbecause fourteen Negroes nere alloved to attend the sa.meschool.

Itre vhlte students non out. Brt what about the Negroes?

To the average Americanr the Negro problem Yas settledvlth the Clvll l{ar and the reeonstnrction clays. &nt to theserlous minded, the Negro probleun dtd not exist untll then.

What ls to be done tdth the vast Negro populatlon ofAnrerica? Are they to be accepted or are re altays going toregard them as boot-blacks and eLevator operators? .Let us, as educated unlversity students and Chrlstlans, shova llttle more practlcally the beliefs 1le profess as Christians.(con, Lo/\/aT.)

Ttre column caused a stlr. A student, vrlting ln the "Grins and

Grorr1s" column, attacked tllckizer vlth the I92T version of "Would yotr

30

lrant your sister to mamy one?" I'tickizer op'ened up his edltorial column

to Grant D. Venerable, presldent of the fuenda Club, a Negro organiza-

tion, rlho replied:. ve should llke to set at rest the misgulded minds

of those vho are under the impresslon that ye of the Negrorace vant soeial equal1tY. . to make such en assertLonof the "Nev Negro" (so ably descrlbed by Ralph hrnche '27 Lnan address at the close of the last serester) ls an exhibltionof ignorance beyond conparlson. we want social equality andsoeial lntercourse vith the other races in no greater measurethan they desire lt vlth us. Equal opportunity is our pleal(cns, LolLo/zT.)

Edltorial lndependence, of csurse, has always broqght a prlce--

opposition from those vho disagree vith the stands that the edltor takes.

The first exa-npIe of lnterference by a member of the Board of Regents

took plaee during l'licklzer's term as editor.The 3g.uin printed a story glvlng publlctty to a debate featurlng

Juvenile Court Judge Ben B. Llncisey of Denver, Colorado, r^'ho supported

a serles of maritaJ- and famlly reforms that shocked Eegent Eilvard B.

Dickson, the publi.sher of the Los Angeles Express and head of the Regents t

conmittee that oversail UCLA affalrs. flre offendlrg story read, in lnrt:Companlonate mariages for collegians I

Judge Ben B. tlndsey, of the Junenile Court of Denver,is a fl:m beltever that al.l his theorles are completelyapplleable to the college student of today.

"Itre husband ls not flnanclally responsible for hts v1fe.A college student should be able to marry and llve vlth hiswife, or not, as he chooses. Tl:e young corple should receiveas much financial asslstance florn their parents ae they dosingly." .

Judge Lindsey does NOT advocate freelove, trlal marrlage,illlclt unions, or "boot1eg" dlvorces.

He DOES advocate companionate marrlages ntthout chlldren,famlly magia6es, and a conslderlng of eeonomlc conditlons in

31

the levylng of alimonles. . (crr, ]ro/X/at') *

Etre news of Regent Dlckson's supposed "interferenee" vas glVen

vLde publlcity in papers eomlntlng vlth the Express, and Wickizer ran

a front page editorial givlng his verslon of the incident.

A Letter of ExPlanatlon

. Contrary to the press reports, Director Ernest C'Moore dlcl not have any dlrect connectlon with the coumand fromthe regent that stories of Llndsey's dlscussion on modernyouth be prohibited ln the Dally Bnuin. Dr. Moore merelytarried ort lrlr. Dickson's request in telling the edltor notto mn these articles

. Director l{oore has, at a}l tlmes, displayed a spiri'tof cooperation and understandirqg vhen dealing rrlth any problemvhj.ch has been brought up betrrcen the edltor and hiuseLf

IIhe rrhole affair has been very unfortunate ln all ltsphases. It has been the pollcy of the Daily kuin, ln regardto nevs disBatches published, to print that vhich ls ofgeneral lnterest to the students and young people of today.Lindsey's staternents regardirg the youth of today, hisaceusations and praise, rre regard as of sufflclent lmportancefor the lntetligent consideratton of the youth of this campu6.

In the rrords of Judge tlndsey: "Prepare youth for thepath, not the path for youth. Young people today feel theydeserve more fleedom. Give it to them, but give it to thenrith curture. " (cor, LLh/27 .)

Hillian E. Forbes later deserlbed Wicklzer as "lntense, able,

analytical f"m { good 'rriter. lj{ cou1:d be abrasive rrhen it vas use-

ful,' (Questionnaire, 19TO.) Xfs abraslveness lrrltated Dean of Womea

Helen Laqghlln, vho complalned about "editoriafs favoring publlc emoking

by vomen . The public is not ready to accept the idea of college

undergraduates smoklng on the campus, or in the Universlty buildings

or sorority houses." (Ra*, Lo/3/27.)

x In thts year of L97O, when students llve eomfortably together vlthoutbenefit of elergy and the Associated Stuclents sponsors a birth-controllnformation service, we ea"n see that Judge Llnclsey 'was not forty yearsahead of hl-s t1ne, but he ras probably about trrentyl

32

Meanvhlle, the staff vas still struggling to print a dailynelrspaper in entlrely unsatisfaetory rrorking eonclitione. It includecl

people I1ke John Cohee, Iater the war analyst for the Los Angeles Dally

Nens and chairman of the Los Angeles Nevspapr Gullcll Sam Balter, radio

sportsca.ster, and Hale Sparks, the radio "Unlversity Explorer" for the

University of Callfornla. In L/Zll the Publlcatlons Board asked the

Student Executlve Councll for "more roorn and more ttrpevriters for the

staff" (snC, g/zS/Zl\, ffid later the same school year it submltted a

petitlon requestlng "that lnmedlate aetion be taken to alleviate the

unsanitary and unhealthy conditlons existing ln the offiees of the

Daily Ba:uln." (S"Ec, t*/z>/zg.)

Ttre decade's close, however, brought rrith it a remedy for ftre

Brulnrs unpleasant office environment--the lorqg-aralted move from the

urban eampus on Vermont Avenue to the bare, rol.ltng hills of Westvood.

hrt before the decade died, the froth that surounded the Dally Bnuln

bubbled higher and higher, to result in the most serious shoek to the

neyspaper ln its l0-year history: The suspension of thirteen staff mem-

bers as a result of the notorlous ttHe['s Bellst'lssue of Jarmary, L%.9,

33

ChaPter l+

CAMPUS HT,}CIN: THE SATETY VALYE

In a kind of a fumbllng, bunabllng ray, universlty admtnistrators

through the years have attempted to channel the youthful energy of their

students into what are hopefully suppoeed to be "construetive" releases.

they have done thls through dances, footbal-I gamea, rallles and bonfires.

Not wantlng to admit that such activities are vitally needed ln the educa-

tlonaJ- envlronment, the adnlnlstrators have traditlonally delegated their

actual carrylng-out to student assocLatlons.

This works. Students plan for thelr ovn needs and goals, accord-

ing to the vay they visuallze them at any glven period of history. Today,

in lffo, student actlvlsn and "norklng in the cotmunlty" provide a needed

escape valve from academic boredon for yourg men and Yomen rrho see forthe first tlme the guJ.f betveen the lofty ldeals of the older generatlon

and the vay in rhj"ch the world is actually run. In the 192Os these ave-

nue6 uere elosed to students, not of thelr own volitlon, but because of

the restrictlve seholarly atmoephere ln vhlch they llved. Polltics ran

in carefully grooved ruts, one marked "RepUblicaa" and one marked "DemO-

cratlc." Tn Lp.6, for example, Dlrector Ernest Caroll Moore dissolved

the Liberal Club and suspended one UCLA student for "conmtlnlstlc tenden-

cies, " connentlng that "The Universlty of Callfornla carrnot allow the

Thlrct Internatlonal of Moseor to establish a cell of agitatlon on the

grounds of the Universlty." (Areh, eox hO.)

3t+

People, especially young ones, need to la.ugh. And tbe young ones

llke to latrgh at authority, so pompous, so arogant, so lnfl-ated vttheelf-lmportanee. They do i.t today vtth their so-called fiunderground

pres6"; they dld lt tn the tp20e nlth nevspapers J.lke The Raspberry

Press and lhe DiIl Plchle at the Untversity's BerkeJ-ey ca.mpus and Hel]'ls

BeIIs at UCLA. (Johnson, f9l+8, p.351.)

tooklng at the HeIIrs Bells editlons of Ihe Daily Brutn ls a

treat after a steady diet of poring through coverage of football,lectures, faeulty appoinfunents and elub ners. He}lrs Bels, for example,

provldes sore lnsight Lnto the lon retrnrte in whleh students held Pro-

hibitlon, an attitude rernarka.bly strrilar to the view they have today

about controls on marlJuana. The regul&r nevs pages of The Bnuln rarelyneatloned booze or sex. Hellrs Belle editions a^re alilre and sparkllng.If often they are not funny, or grarnmattcal", or particularly cLever, atleast they had something to say. And they had an effect.

Kenneth Plper, student body president Ln L)28-2! and now a vlce

president of Motorola, Inc., recalled forty years Iater that Hellrs

Betls rr&6 "a lov forrn sophomorie expression of so-cal.led humor and

derlslon nhich only people of college age could find interestingappreciate." (eckerman, L%9, p. \3.) It was Just this qualltyselectlve lnterest that rras to lead to its dovnfall.

the publi.eatlon razzed promi"nent students and quippedsheer nonsense. One rrcruld have to reach to Justtfy ltsextstence other than traditlon or a ehange of pace phenome-non uhich only college students thlnk they understand. Llkean unpieked garden veed, it had its perennia!- sproutlng. Ia.nr Bure the faculty could not abide lt and hoped tha.t somehouit would fade avay. It vas harmless nonsense and bufoonery.Its beneflcial eontribution, if any, nas lts therapeutlc effeeton the pride of a few vel}-knovn students vho got burned. (fufa.)

or

of

35

The forerunner of Hell's Bells vas the Scrub C?lifornian. firstpubllshed by the Nut Klub, a pep organization, on June II, ly2Q, to

help ralse money for the debt-ridclen Cub Call"fornian. It bore the head-

line "PEAIW[6|" and ran storLes like thls one:

WA I{O}TIHAIE TOR fiTE IIALL OF BLAME

I{R. DAI,E SIODDARD

For being elected councilman and pledging hlmEelf toperform his dutiee to the best of his abllity; and thendltching ecnrncil meetlngs more tlmes than any other member,thus delaylng the school aetivities.

For uslng bandoline on your halr, and thinklng you aresn actor.

For helpirg LlIIlan get the Cub Cal-ifornian stsrted atthe beglnning of the year, and giv.ing it sueh a darnn poorstart.

For alvays talklng abort hov many glrls you have orcould have.

For betng such a nale vamp. (cc, 5/tJ/zo.)fiio more "Scanda-L Sheets, " as they rrere ca"lled, were prbllshed tn

LyZA-?L--one called Rasbertes antl the other Pearruts. Southern CarrpBs

(fgzf) reported that "the limited ru.mber of eopies lssued tere quiekly

eaten up by the seanclal-lovtng students. Enjoytnent and chagrln vere

expreesed equalLy . "

Spumecl by the suecess of the sheets, the Student eouncl"I asked

the Press CIub to sponsor the publlcatlon of a regular humor magazlne,

to be called tbe Green Ghost. Director Moore, hovever, vetoed the ldea,

conrnentirlg aeldty that "a1l college humor magazlnes, except the Harvard

tampoon. are a disgraee to the colleges they represent." (CC, 1,efl-s/zz,)

Folled ln this attempt, carnpus hurnorlsts onee again turned tothe student nevspaper, and on Jerl. IJ, L923, the flrst Hellrs Bells

36

edltlon was printed--ln red ink. rt vas succeeded by another sheetcalled Dlrt on !,lay 15 of that year, but the next sehool year lle].lls BeIIswas put on a regular, contlnuing basis, complete rith a $re5 uuaget thatprovided a proflt of $28.75 "to be used to defray the expense of a partyfor The Cub Caltfornian staff ." (SC, t/l.t+/Z\.)

Succeeding issues rrere printed on Jan. 15 and May LL, L!2), and

Jan. 11, L926.

It vas the latter issue that resultecl in the flrst expulsion bythe Adminlstration of a student edltor" John F. Cohee ras the victln,since Director Moore lnsisted on Cohee's bearing sole responsibilityfor the contents of the nevspaper.

Dlrector Moore susp,ended Cohee lndefinltely on January 22 aftertaltlng "ten days for the studente to take action concernlng eertalnhlghly reprehenslbre items ln the colrege paper of January 11." The

charge vas "publlehing certain indecent staterents rrhlch affront thegood name of the ronen of the Universlty." (erefr, Box l+O.)

He diil not explaln what these statements vere, but a worn copy

of The Dally Grizzly found ln Dr. Moorets files ln l/JO has thls storyunderllned in bJ.ue penelJ. ln the text as shovn:

THETAS SITAY INWONIT COME OUT

Lily. Ladieg Refuse to

It is better to keep a fair reputation than to loose (sle)a bad one, or at least so think qulte a number of the fhetasvho indulged ln a lltt1e nldnlght bathing party at l'laahattanBeach last summer.

Even Thetas can't alvays rernember these J.iJ.1es and thesepetalumas east discretl.on and bathing sui.ts Io one slde and

37

romped aray for a dip in the bring deep rhlle the sitvery moonscintillated frora above. Ihey rrere havlng an excellent ti-me. but enter the vlllalns.Soue bold, big, bad men in automoblles came suddenly upon

the splashing matdens and these nasculines reallzed the strategyof turnlng some very exposing headllghts upon the vhole sltua-tLon. Needless to say, the men held every card 1n the deck andthere vas ao dea]..

Some of the more adventurous Thetas were foraaklng a runfor it, attenpting barter, but a fev held back, and so as thetime draggecl by the rayrard fralls uere forced to stay ln thechill cold brlne. Finally the men dlscovered that thelr preyras only Thetas, an1rwayr and the captors made their dlsgustedway off. The Thetas escaped with the bluest blood they everhad. (arcn, Aox 40.)

Cohee vas astounded by the suspenslon. He compLained ln a l"etterto Dlrector Moore on January 25 that there had been no hearlng and he

asked for an lntervtew to clear hic name, slnce tbe aetLon had been ginen

vlde publtclty in the dovntorn press. The sarne day, Mlss Katharlne Cam,

Cohee's forner Engllsh teacher at Los Angeles Hlgh Sehool, sent an

unsolicited letter to Dr. Moore, supportlng the boy as one of the flneststudents she had ever had.

Dr. Moore repllecl to Mlss Carr on Jan. 28:

Ile needs friends Just nou and I took the llberty ofreadlng your letter to hlm It moved him deeply.I fear he has gotten lnto slack rays of late" llts col-lege vork has been almost entirely neglected this term xand, whl1e his editorial work on the DalJ.y Grlzzly hasbeen good throughout, the offendlng paper wblch he aadhis fell-ovs edlted flas a dlsgrace to the Echool. ,I ara rlght sorry to see hi.m leave the Uaiversity ln thisfashion, but I have pronlsed hin ths.t lf he rilI get outand get some kind of nork and make good untl} next Septem-ber, I vtJ.l revterr his claln to be readmltted at thattime. (rura.)

3B

* S.O.P. for kuln edltors.

fhe Student Councll vas also shocked by Director Moore's nolre.

It wasted no tine in formrlating rules to protect frrture edltors fron

their onn follles. It provided that a three-member eomLttee, selected

by the student body presldent, vould be fo:med to strlke otrt from HeIl 's

BeIIs "aay statement or sords uhich are tn thelr Judgrnent obJectionable."

(SnC, l+/tt+/26.) IIeII's Bells. nontheLess, contlnued to prbllsh--and tounderline tts lrreverent attLtude torrard the rhole buslness of authorlty,

ffon that tlme on it nnrnbered each issue in sequence: t'Number (x) After

Cohee. "Censorshlp contlnued to be the rule. On Jan' 15, I!28, for

exa,nple, gape l.n the paper rrere ftlled wlth the vords "Censored by

lllllian Clarence Ackerman."

OnIy these nysterious headltnes reualned to one story that had

been removed 1n its entirety:BUIZ EXFoSES

SVIDM{CE OTtovE cortAots

Cancelled Cheek Brlngs toLlght Clandestlne

Affaireavs+=Y=nnmai

Censored agd KisllngburyTo Be Investigated@ (coa, l,lfilas.)

Controversy eontinued to rage ebort the publlcatlon, asd by 1!28

the student Ptrbllcatlons Board had reeomendeel droppi.ng Hellrs BeIIs as

an ASUC actlvity. The Student Counctl reacted by draring up a ner llstof regulatlons rhlch effectively sldestepped any responsiblllty of ltso?n. HeI['t Be11s, lt ru1ed, woultl be publlshed sem:iannually by Pi De]-ta

39

Epsilon, the carnpus Journallsm fraternity, rlth proceeds from sales to

go to establlshnent of a "3ournatlstic ll"brary." (adrn, LO/L}{ZS.)

The actlve members of the organlzatlon may be equallydlsciplined 1n case dlsclp).lnary actlon by the StudentAffalrs Cornmlttee or the adminlstratioa becomee necessary.A conplete record of alL contrlbutlons rrritten fon HelltsBells, vtth the slgnat;tre of aII the members of Pl DeltaEpsilon, must be retalned for tvo wqe\s following publlca-tion of each tssue . " (snc, 5l2l2\.)

llhen Dlrector Moore susp,ended Cohee Ln L/26t he rrrote to Student

Body Presldent l?ed Houser (J-ater the Lleutenant-Governor of Cal-ifornia)

that "lt is not llkety that such a pecullar situation wi1.l arise agaln

in a bundred years . " (Arch, Box hO.) He'was vrong. ft oecuged

agaln three years Iater, almost to the clay.

!{hen students agived on ca&pus on Ja-nuary 23t L929, a }Iednesday,

they vere faeed vlth salesmen selling for ten cents a copy the seml-

annual edLtlon of Heltrs Bells, whose Pinkr sca.ndal-rldden pages had

beeone a ca&pus commonplace by that tirne. Beneath the flag ran the

traditLonal quotation from Chaucer, "He Gan to Blasen Out a Soua, as Loud

as Bells ln He11," and. tbe phrase "Nurrber Flrre After Cohee."

The "earsr" hogever, gaYe some lndleatlon as to the fact that,perhaps, the decency bamler of L92.9 had been broken.

teft ear:

Sing a song of slx and elghtsA pocket full. of rock

Forrr and tventy lousY Betasl{ho vant a horse radish.

Right ear:

His necking ras a technlque hetd masteredGod holr he rd pet vhen he ras p}astered

One day he uade Eerry,Ert ltary tras HarrY

And sald, "HeIl, don't you }lke it, you boob."

l+o

t'lajor headllnes:',f

W}IY IN EELL MESN'T CUNI{INGITAM QUIT?

eunruinghan Uses Cashof A.S.U.C. for Golflng

Squaaders Funds; Fibs to Councll AboutA,.S.U.C. Cards; BnaSs About 1929Schedule; Raises General IieLL

FlILers:"Eave you had forelgn relations?""She gave bLrth to a tradltion.""Let go of my ears. "

Editorial:Go9. l{hat a PurPose

HeJ.l-'s Bells has a purpoce but vhat a slfuey one. Ifa1l the dirt, scandal, flIth, and muek vere told, the edltorsvorrld have to leave tonn Ttre admintstration, fair orfoul, . can go hang as fer as tbe BeILs is coneernedThls is an Lnstltutlon for students and not for the faculty.If they get anay rrith murder &s they sometimes do, it is ourfault and we can stand it or let them knors that ve vontt.llho the IIeII has the guts to kiek? (COA, ilZl/zg. The onJ.yextant copy is in Archr Box 52. Ttre issue ras not bound in-to the Llbrary ft1es.)

Director Moore uas furiors. Early Friday afternoon he called hls

adrrlnj.stratlve staff together, and ln the space of 29 mlnutes secured

thelr agreement to "discl"pllnary measures" agalnet the culprlts. (aam,

l/ZS/Zg.) tte sustrnnded the IJ nembers of Pl Delta Epsilon whose nanec

uere llsted ln the masthead "for flagrant violatlon of the rules of the

Unlverelty" by publishlng "the fllthlest and most lndecent piece of

printed materlal that any of us has ever seen." He rrrote Universlty

President W, W. Campbell ln Berkeley that "We are suppresstng the

* Steve Cunnlngharn, general manEler of the ASUC.

41

fraternlty and the 'Rasberryr at the sane tlme. There is never to be

another issue of Hell's Bel1s." (ereU, Box !2.)To rlhlch Presldent Oampbell replied, not yet havlng seen the tssue

in questlon:

I gladly approve If entirely convenlent,kindly have a eopy of the publication, vlth theoffending articles marked, mailed to ne. (fnfa.)Eight days after the paper'e publieation, sentenee vae pronounced

on the Thlrteen: Dj-smissed--H. Monte Harrlngton, George S. Badger, Joe

J. George, Clarence C. Saneom, Selmar Westby, Roger }traxson; six-month

suspenslon, taurence lvlichelmore, Clasen Eugene Btrgess, Earry P. Mlller,Slchard C, Short; relnstated, J. kener Avery, Sam Balter Jr., Robert A.

Morrls and Wal"ter T. Bogart. (RAn, /lt/Zg.)ldeanrhlle, the Student Oouncll held a slnci.al Saturday meetlng

to protest the suslnnslon vlthout first turnlng the natter over to the

students for settlement by a student reviev board (SeC, ile6lZg), and the

parents of the suapended students ret sith Dr. Moore. They threatened togo to the Board of Regents on appeal, and Moore telegraphed Campbell on

Feb. Il+: "We are confirned ln our flndings by the practlcally unanimcrus

approva.l of the student body, the faculty and the cornmunity. The offense

was so reprehenslble that re want the Unlversltyrs repudtation of it tobe ccmplete and unqualifted." (Arcfr, Box )2.)

One vho doubted that unanimity then, and doubted it stlU tn L969,

ras Student Body Presldent Kenneth Piper. He rrote:The sheet ras probably forgotten by the student body

1n a day or tvo as there ls nothing so cold as yesterday'snevs, even on eartrpus. Students recogalzed it for theflapdoodle prank 1t vas and after a brlef dlverstonarylnterlucle vere back to their normal pursults. The lrry

).+2

covered butldings ao aphid infested as ever sti[ stoodand the flagpole clid not even bend morentarlly. "HeU'sBells" had not created a ripple in the academlc serenlty.

The story could very rre1} have ended here and shouldhave Dr. Moore . had sel"zed upon thls issue todry-gu1ch the sheet end its publlshers -- hurting youngstudents la a vay vhich stiU bears the scars.

. fhe second eemester of my term on the StudentCounctl vaa one of aggrlevement by student leaders foryrong done to an assoelate, and of glvlng the "buII in thechlna eloset" a vlde swath. The student leaders vanted tograduate. We tolerated vhat ve had to tolerate to do so

. Our Student Councll (tne first Depression group) bytodayrE student standards clld not do itseH proud.(eckernan, L%9, PP- hl-l+l+.)

Even tiil}.lan C. Ackernan caLled the suspenslons "lnSustice en-

forced from abover " (p.hlr) but Plper and Ackerman do not tell the ftillstory--perhaps they did not knon it.

Moore nelloged. thoqgh he quickly squelched a student plan to

trnrbltsh Hell's Bells off ca^upus (Adm, >ltl/Zg), he certainly harbored no

grudge toward the etudents he had euspended. I{e told then their time

off rould be a "period of digestJ"onr " then corresponded rlth them on

their actlvities and goals for the future. He reinstated Selrer l{estby

on Dec. 20, L929, rith the comrent tha.t I'I a^n glad you have suceeeded so

re}l in dolng the di.fflcult thtng vhleh I asked you to do." (Areh, Box 37.)

And he relnstated ilarrlngton after a eorrespondence that verged

on the parenta-l-fi1ia1. Harlngton rorked for a year as an lnclustrj.a-l

house orgatr edltor ln Nev Jersey, and dnring thls tloe rrote to Dr. Moore:

That I regret qy part ln the Eellrs BeUs matter lsto put it nlldly. &rt I have leerned a lesson, severaf,'Iessons ln fact, since the catastrophe and belleve myeelfnov capable of shordng better qualltles, of being able toplck the rlght rather than ttre Yrong thing to do.

t+:

f have profltecl by the lesson you taught, belng lnsynpathy v5.th your attitude almost fron the f1rst. Iharbor uo callow resentnent,, not being gtrrca to revenge.

. lt ls roy slncere hope to convey to yor my deslreof Justlfylng the oplnlon of campus people llke yourself,ryho once thought ne capable of solnethlng more than a HelJ-rsBells exit. (Arch, 3?.)

Moore responded on l{arch 27, L93O:.

A good letter has;[ust come to me from ],Ir. BonneII/Harrlngton's emplopil. ft varants ne 1n restorlng youto etanding in the Unlverstty. f gladly tto that. Morethan that, I velcome you back.

Ye a4'e dedtcatlng the Universlty /IUe new campus inUestvooil today and touorror. It never rrao so big andsplendld as tt is nor,. I vant everyone vho has ever beenin tt to bear prlde tn it and to vork together uith me tonake 1t rhat the lnople of thls great reglon want it tobe. (rura. )

Harlngton ras restored to the University on condltlon that he

take no part in student actlvitles. Brt he rras not forgotten by The

Bruin, nor did he forget it. He acted as toastmaster at The kulnrssemesterly "30' ba"nquet ln Januaryr 193I, tvo yeare after he was

suspended.

Suspenston of llell's Bells dld not end the problen of "studenthumor" on the UCLA cam1rur. The suspenslon ras ltke trylng to hold back

the sea with a wal1 of sand.

A nagazlne callecl CIav vas begun off-campus by a student tnSeptember, L%8. (Rdm, glZS/ZS.) f?ue to what was beconiag form, Dr.

Moore suslnnded the edLtor, Rehbach tewi.s, ln October of that year

(na*, W/Zg/ZS), then reinstated him ln fioveuber, L)2), even golng tothe extent of approvlng CIar{ for sale ln the student bookstore. (aArn, ff/LL/29.) Ctav survived until the early L)JO's, sttll printed off carnlrus,

hh

untll it was put out of buslness by the ner humor publicatlon of the

l,ssociated Students, Scop.

The Daily Bruin eontinued to feeJ. tbe Ltch of camlnrs htrmor, and

ln 1pJ6, it nade plans for an Aprll Fools I Gazette, vhich would have a

pollcy of "let the truth be knotrn, " vLth "aothing vlthln the bornds of

good taste (to) be tabooed from (its) . pagee." ft commented

eclitorially:There is a sort of quiet chapter ln the hLstory of the

hl}y Bruln. Even uhen lt is reealled, etaff nembers donot hold it up as somethlng of vhleh to be especiallyproud

Not that the }ast Hells BeUg rasn't firnny. Btrt tt wasf\rnny ln a sort of unfortunate vay. Its hrrmor snaekedetrongly of the }ilain Street varlety. If lt nas frank, itvae frank about thlngs that one is not frank about in politesoclety.

But there ls no better vay to learn than by exlnrtence,and nov that the Dal}y 3nu1n has had that experience, 1t lsnot llkeJ.y to nake the sa^ne mlstake agaln. The hunor edltion

. nor belng prepared '*iI1 be oa a very hlgh plane(con, zle>/la.\

Possibly, but the record sho$s lt was never lssued--not through

any knovn admlnlstrative pressure, perhaps, but because the staff vas

busy rith one of lte periodlc crlses wlth the student Enecutive Councll.

The Bruin did, honevever, get back Lnto the humor buslness rithlts monthly "tlenrs Pagesr" rhlch began in the late thtrties and contlnued

for about a decade thereafter" Fev of then rere as ftrnny--or as scurrl-the Hellre Be}ls editions of the L92O's, one of the rierdest andIoug--as

vl].desthad ltsNational

perlods in the hirtory of The Daily kuin. &rt then, the ltlOrsovn kind of wlId and curiotrs appeal--lt had pacifists, Reds, the

Student Unlon--and ccimrercialized footbalL.

ht

0haPter !TffE DECADE OF TTIE TTTIRTIES

The Nineteen-Thtrtles were year$ of Depresslon, yeare ofprepa,ratton for ra;r, years of dlsillusLon. Joe College $as dying,

and The Daily kuln vas dolng ita best to flnlsh hln off . The &rrlnattaeked senseless "tradltion6, " overcomrerclallzed and gubsldized

football, HeIl !,Ieek, afl the evils of blg, ta:r-supported State ual-versltles. It attacked, as vell, the evlla lt san 1n the vorld around

ttr Mllltarlsm, radicallsm, reactton.But lt did more: It opened 1ts feature pages to oplnlons of

aII strlpes and persuastons. Comnrnists, ractsts, fraternlty boys

and confirsed llttle freshnen took iurns tn presenttng thelr vlers.

"The policy of The Dally Bnuln ls molded to meet the wishes of the

entire etudent bodyr" sald Editor F. Chandler Hamls. "ft belongs

to the students, and the editor feels responslble prlmarily to them."

(cpn, zltslll.)ft vas thls practice, more than any other one thlng, that

brought the ppprings of critlclsm upon The Bnuln, and ;ret, through

It alt, The kuln contlnued to fir1ftll lts flrst duty to the students,

and the flrst love of the enbryo Journallsts--pubHshlng the ners.

lllth the beginnlng of the 1930s and the rorldwlde Depresslon

eame the 1ong-avaited move by UCLA from its o1d campus on Yermont

\6

Avenue to the rav, redbrlck unlversity far avay to the veet. In the

fal} of lt2t great convoys of student-drlven automobiles and trucks

helped move books, supplies and furnlshlngs from one end of Los Angeles

to another. The nev cs"urpus gave UCIA a ehance to contlnue tts snooth

arrd continuous grorth, fron 5r1?! tn September, L929, to 8r5f6 ten yearg

Iater. In f93?-38, UCLR lost one of lte last remlnders of ite days as

a Nornal Sehool vhen nen overtook worten in enrolluent.Thotrgh there vere no more streetcars running in front of the

carpu6, UCLA rras stlJ.l knwn aB a "streetcar eollege." Most etudents

commuted. Dirt Barkl.ng lots uere muddy ln rlnter, duety 1n suaeer.

A strlp of fraternltles grer up ot eJj,"y Avenue and a string of eorori-tles on Htlgard. Itre Unlverslty "regrettedn'that it could do nothlng

to help a group of Japanese-Anertcan girle bulld a sorority on Hllgard,

forbldden to do eo because of raclal restrLctions ln the deed. There

ras only one unlversity-orned dornl.tory--Mira Hershey IIalI, vhich houeed

80 vonen. Ca:apus polltlcs nere in the hands of the flaternltlee and

sororities, and fhe Dally Bruln, vhlch vas lts orrn fraternlty and

sororlty urapped lnto one, had to suffer because of that fact.Even before the Unlverslty made lts move from the Vemont carnllus,

The Daily Bnuin vas looking ahead. It secured passage by Student Corncl}

of a resoluti.on that it "conttaue its poltcy of publlshing leased wire

news and neva plctures" and "its policy of publlshing special sections

a:td pages, such as the Worenrs Page, the Drama Pa{fe, the Literary Revier

Section." It *ae also to establlsh a mornlng cielivery servlce to "aaln-tatn a publlcation for the comtrnlty at l,Iestrood as reJ.l as the camlrug

1nrbllc. " (suc, tn/l /zl .j

\t

The year before the mone, fhe Ba:uln unvelled a nelr Page One

flag featurlrry a vlev of the aev Royce HaIl aad a eut of the Unlversityseal.. "ProphetJ.c of the UnLverEity to cone and explanatory of the

Unl.verglty that vas, 1s the nev headlng ?hlch adorns the first page

of the Dally Brulnr" ear.d Eclltor Ja&es F. Uicklzer. (CDB, l/aglZ\.)"We movrcd lnto offtces tn Royce }IaJ.t ln February (t93O)r"

recalled Eclitor Charles Olton four decades later. "And thls rras the

blg thlng--a rea-l, hoaest-to-goodness clty desk, eeml-circular, vtthan edltonrs slot anct al.l. The paper ras printed at the oJ-d ltollyroocl

Cltizen--I do nean the OLD Clt1zen. Conpoeing room in a dingy eellar--I reuember it alt nlth great nostalgla." (Questionnaire, 1970.)

ft ras a short-Ilved period ln the basement of Royce. A year

later, Kerckhoff HaIl vae olnned, and the student governuent offlcestook up their netr quarters. The Dally Bruln got one of the bigger

allocatlons--a large, spare roon at the end of the second floor eorrl-dor--KII 212 (norr lH 3fA). It ras ao big before it uas dlvLdeil intoseparate offj.ces tn sunner, Lg\L, that the Student Councll onee ad-

Jorned an overflor neeting fron the I(H l{emorlal Roon to The Bnrin

office to accomodate the crowd. (COg, LL/A7/39.)

I\rrnlture cane ln epurte. On Monday, Aprll 20, a nerl copy

desk vas lnsta-lled. ft reuained for decadee, gradualry groving rorgherand pocbnarked from generatlons of copy peneilg antl r:trlers bangtng

agalnst lts surface.

lrbmbers of the Da1ly Bruin staff have done vlthouta copy-desk for so long that the nev furnlture seensrather forelgn to them, but oldtfurcrs, rho recall theolcl nalreshlft desk ln the baserent of Boyce HaIl, have

h8

yandered ln the office and expreesed thelr satlsfactionat lts vorkmanehlp. The cost of tbe desk, lncldentallyrts estlmated at betrreen $f:O ana $zoo. (CpA, t+/zt/lt.)

A nen campus, a nefl hrrin . more pages, a redesi.gned, nodern

layout, luproved services. One hunclred fifty issues vere publlshed dur-

Lrr4 Lyzg-lo, the largeat being a gouvenlr lssue for the dedLcatlon ofthe nerr caupuB, J5 pagee, lncludlng a l5-pge rotograntrre section.

"ttre paper Ls delivered to fifty per cent of the homes ln the vlcinlty.firo hundred students vere eonnected rrfth (1t) . , sone spendlng

as taany as elght to ten hsurs a day, at ttres, ln lts trublleatton."(cps, >lzgl30.)

"At the tlne re had s@e aotion that rle ccruld i.mitate the Ner

York Tines, " nrote Bdltor Charles Olton (Questlonnaire, 1970). And

Edltor CarI Scha.efer said in 193I;

"The present seresterrs policy of ecliting the DallyBr-uln rras that a ne?spaper is a newspalEr the torld over,be lt of the metropolltan, colleglete or hlgh scboolvarlety. Thls belng the caee, it has been the endeavorof the editor to offer members of the student body anevspaper aB near the netropolltaa varlety as posslble.A strong editorial polley vaa lnaugurated, featuresabove the chlldish eategory used, and the sincere opin-ions of the edltor rrere voLced." (COn, ilry/*.)

Baslng i"ts pollcy on surveys that fornd nany studenta (l+B per-

cent In 193b) readlng no other ner,spaper (con, glzl/Zt+), fl:e Bruin

coatinued to emphasize sorld aad natlonal- nere, mtrch to the dl.scontent

of the non-news-orlented student councll rneubers, rrho vanted more

emphasls placed on publlclty for sociel events.

"A eomBlete Unlted Press vlre servlce has been leasedby the Daily Bnutn and viII go Lnto use lnnedlate)-yr "Joe E. Oeherenko, dl"reetor of publicati.ons, anaounced.3resterday.

\g

. "Aranged through the co-operatlon of ColonelS. O. McCIure, publlsher of the Santa Monlca OutlookThe prlnter telegraph uachlnes of the Santa Monica Outlookvlll be loand for the use of the A.S"U.C. nevspalmr eachafternoon fron 3 to 7:3O p.n.

"In 1928 the Da1ly &nrln dlscontlnueil its arangementwlth the Hollyvood Cltizea-Nevs, uhlch qade posslbl-e useof Unlted Press Bevs flashes. Since that tine, the DaiJ-yBruln has had llult€d access to United Press servlce,corpled rX.th protectton on late nerrs storles." (Cnf, glz6llt+.)

Tbe fhirtl.es began J.n a typical. vay: Edltor Car). Schaeffer ran

afotrl of the Student Councll and thereby beea.ne the first edltor slnce

L9e6 to aerre for only one semester. lIls successor, Charles 01ton,

vho ls non the or:rer of a prlntlng p1ant, renembers Schaeffer a6 "amrch better edttor than I ever ras. l\rl1 of ideas--and I thlnk an

'exposert of some of the foollshness of otrr day." Olton contlnued:

CarI got into hot vater ln the falI. He vrote severaledltorlals euggestlng that UCLA hadl football scholar-ships, and it ryotrld na"ke aome 6enae to admlt th1s, andglve the football players spectal etatus, $e certalnlyrras rLght about the scholarshlps, but thls whole idea ofpaid football players could not be admltted in publlc.There may have been sore other places rhere CarI lncurredthe ryrath of the athletlc departnent, and the nolsy pro-teste apparently made lt luqrossible for him to be re-elected in Jarnrary. So f got the Job for one senesteron1y.

Of eourse, I had some vonderfirl battles rith theadminlatratlon. First Jeff l(1bre started a series ofarticles suggesttng that BOIC be placed on a voluntarybasls. Dr. Moore, vho wae then Provoet, called ne ln,and read the riot act about the vhole idea. lrly recollec-tlon Ls that re ran tno of the artlcles, and then I qulton thls subJet - one of the deans talked to re about myresponslbllltles to the uaLversity, where dld my polrersend, the uni'versity really supported the paper, and soon. fhe veterans at Sarrtel}e offered to bury me. FYank-Iy I Just got chlcken.

A lltt1e later f suggested eclttorlally that UCIA bemade lndependent frm Berkeley - rre rrere pretty sore aboutbeing the younger stster of those Berkeley klds. Tlrlstine Dr. Moore ranted to knor rrhether I lnteniled to runthe univerelty.

50

Flnally one of the girls fe"nne Hodgemagz had a colunnin which aplrared thls qutp: "One metd. Won nald. Oae macle."I had blue lrncillecl thts terrlbly naughty pieee, but somemore ltberal- or happy mlnded rrriter put it back ln again.I bad a eaL} from the Dean of Women. llhe column must beclroBped. Ihis glr} vould be suspended unless I could provethe blue pencilling and so on.

Ird guess that the rrrttlng for the Da1ly Banrin rae abortthe most lqrortant plece of educatlng that f recelved atUCLA - and that night even inelude the gLrls I ret (includ-lng a dfe).

Olton may have "got chickenr " but agltatlon agaLnst compulsory

ROIC (whlch naE made voluntary ln the I96Os) contirnred ln The Bnuln.

coogBxB MTLTTARY mArNrrc

fhe system for comlnrlsory mllltary tratnlng, vbleh hasfor many year6 exclted students af,,I over the country, beginsto look bad. Presldent Glenn Frank of the Universlty oft{lsconsin le cmlng to the rescue of rebelllous studentcadete by circulatlng a natlon-rrlde petitton amon{g eollegestudeats aaki.rqg the abolltlon of compulsory nllltary tralning.

Ihe pettt,ion wlJ.l unclorbtedly meet rith one hundred per-cent a,greenent in the Amerlcan universttles nhat Lsthe use of the R.O.T.C.? The present tvo-year course canhardly teach freshmen and sophomores anythlng other tban hovunconfortable an arny unlforn Is . there 1e no loglcal-reason rhy fifteen hundred lorrcr dlvislon students ehorrlalnarch through the clust . in order to train one hundredfirture offlcers i.n the reserve army. (Cpg, l/l/lt.)

the krrln shared the isolationlet senttoent of lts tlre. Itwarned of the dangers of euch "mllltarlsts" as Bllly lititcheJ*l, rrho could

see & firture dlstant and al1en from that envlsioned by student editorson the sun-drenched UCtA canpus.

Fea.r or Frlendghlp

"Our nost dangeroue enemy ls Japan and our planes shouldbe deslgned to attack Japan."

fhat statement, rnade by Brlg.-Gen. }lill-ta& Mltehell,former aeststant chlef of the arny air eorps, may serve tolllustrate the way in rhlch htgh-pouered arnaments and thelrproponenta can cau6e otherwlse frienilly nations to tread uponone another's toes. .

51

Ihe Japauese nation has ron htgh respect for the qual.ityof its civLrlzatlon. At preseat its people are faced by thedouble evlr of nilltarlstlc propaganda from rithin and evenmore mllitarlstlc threats fron vlthout. If the lnopleof Japaa can remain calrn under these clrcrrm.stancee, they nirldeserve the adnlratlon of the norld. If they cannot, theyv111 deserve its synpathy. (cOn, rc/rclS\.)

Outgoing editor Sanford J. Mock urged hLe sueceseor in tgho:

"I si.ncerely hope that you tlilL do a].t yor can to help Amerlcan studenteualntaln a 6ane attltucle tqrard the rrar 1n Eurolr. Yotr ean't eay toomany tJ.mes that ve don rt have to go to rrar, that ne have our ona Job

to do here and norr. rf ve evr:r ho;n to have real democracy, eonttnued

IEace is essentla-l." (cpa, ilrc/b.\"The draft vas instltuted ln fpt+O, aad ve rrere Elainst lt, "

recaJ-led edLtor kuee CassLday. ".As yotr can see, it cltdnrt do much

good to flght lt." (Queetl"ontxalre, I97O.)

In IllB The huln sponaored a polJ. to deternlne hon many studente

rould ftght for the United States oyerseas Ln an aggresslve var. trno

hundred ten of the 29I men deposltlng ba.llots 1n The Bntrtn offlce saldthey votrld not go. (cDB, l.ltzlSS.) Ttrls ras the hlgh potat for the peace

movement at UCLA; ln fact, the Peace Conrmittee sa,s nade a part of thestudent body organlzatlon (SC, l:o/f?l3rS), thereby taking 1t out of the

radlcal"-agttator elass ard brlngtng lt lnto the student estabtlEtunent.

fhe Bruln rras often nary of attenptlng too mrch nlth too }lttl.epower to accompllsh miracles or stem lrreslstible tldes florlng in theopposlte direetlon, Edltors ln IpJZ and 1933 advlsed thelr Eiuecegsors

to avold edltorlals dealing vlth USC, subsldizatlon of athletes, the

mtlltary departrrent, "the Admlnlstration and orr relatlons rlth Berkeley,both of ruow $tgJ are loaded wLth ilyna:dte." (CDB, >/af/y ana 6/eln.)

52

Edltor Bobert Shellaby publJ.cly advlsed hls successor that:Commerelalism and free slnech viIL be your concern at

all tlnes, No step that you take vl}J- be outside theirpa1e. When you find out rrhat sins are committecl ln theirnames, your heart-aches vlJ-[ knory no bounds.

. you vilL be chagrinecl beyond nords to find outthat the student Janltor* who enptles your rnstebasketgets more money than you. (cpg, >lzg/l\.)

In 1ts crusadlng, Iiberal fashlon, lhe Bnrln took on professors

and "rah-rah" eampus splrtt socletles. Beratlng the profe for checking

attendanee at every class, lt corylal"ned that the coJ"lege student ofI!Jl+ vas "not atl lrreeponslble chlld rhoee every step in thls berlilder-

lng norld must be plaaned for hln; he le a self-rellant young man or

rronan, certaln of his actions and vtth some conceptlon of rhere they are

And of the campalgn by Spurs aud Sophomore Servlce (Uotfr of them

splrlt socletiee) to forUtd etudents from stepplng on the Unlnersity Seal

on the floor of the Unlrrcrsity (now Pove1l) Library, lt sald:

Ftrn for the Kiddl"es

"tIhea Spurs retired gracefully from lts gane of RlngAround the Seal, everyone breatherl a slgh of rellef atthe passing of euch useless and ineffective enforcementof a slightly extinet 'tradltion. "'

hrt everyone apparently overlooked the appaIllng possl-bllitles of Sophomore Servlce. Itrre to form, SophomoreService has not even ralted a decent intervaL after thedeath of the poor tradl.tlon before puallog lt out of Ltsvell-earned grave to serve as a basls for more and blggermonkeyehlnes.

Sophonore Service v111 guard the seal. In lte fornalannouncement it rercaled that 1t vould infom Lgnorant

* A subsLdlzed athLete.

,3

students of the traditlon aE fast as tbey brolelt. . . thegroup nay not be thoroughly arare of the ban agatnst hazing. . . Sophomore Servlce vfff /ifsg/ . . . solleit ldeae frmtnaginatlve mlnds for sme nore brLght and shiny tradltlonsrhich rllJ- be lnstalled on a monentrs nottce. (Cof, g/all!+.)

Another tradltion it attacked ras that of "He1l tleek, " the 1on8-

observed tazLng lrerlotl of the fraternlties and sororlties. It prtnted

a slx-part eclttorlal serles against thLs practice in Harch-April 1931+.

0n the other hand, The huln dld tts best to preserve the

traditlon of singlng school songs in cLass on Wednesday mornlngs. Slnce

the 192Oe lt had been prlnting the rords to these songs ln its llednesday

editions, and one year it evea printed a "Black Llst" of professors rho

dld not allow si.nging ln thelr classes. (Cof, l/Ztllt+.)As the Thlrtles progressed, The &nrin had to defend UCIA from a

groulng, lJ-l-founded reputatton as a Comtrnlst-lnfluenced campus, attack-

lng both radicals and conservatives editorially yet naintainlng thelrrlght to speak through the meclllrm of flre Dal}y Bnulnrs feature pages.

UCLA's reputatlon aE a leftist school uaa a-lvays baseless because

its Admlnistratlon ves eertalnly as conservatlve as, lf not rnore than,

most other college campuses 1n CallfornLa" As early as lpll+, a UCLA-UC

Berkel-ey ilebate vaa cancetled by Darwln C. Bnowa, UCLA forensics manager,

on the grannds that "Communlsm cannot be dl.scussed on thie carpus."

(COA, Z/>/lt+.) hrt Director Ernest C. Moore played into the hands of the

leftlsts later that year rrhen he used his favorlte method of academlc

dlsclpllne--BuspenBlon--to rld the Unlverslty of flve students rho rlere

plannLng an open forum on the subJect of peaee and mil-ltartsu. The

offlcleJ- eharge nas "thelr radleal actlvitles and unsatlsfactory conduct."

(Rdn, tolzz/lt+.)

,|4

IIis mietake lay in the fact that four of the five students nere

members of the Student Councll, one of then--John Brrnelde--belng student

body presLdent. None of the four va.s at alJ- radlcal-; at the most, they

belleved perhaps that Commurism colr]-d be dlscussed on the ca.mpus, 0n

appealr Presldent Robert Gordon Sprou} relnstated oJ.l flve--the fourvithin two veeks and the flfth (vho vas a Comunlet) six veeks }ater.

t'Such behavtor tenpted me to vrlte an edltorlal- b1.aettng Dr.

Moorer " recaf,.J.ed Eclitor Chanctler Harris, "Counsel by a fraternitybrother on the facrrlty (nr. g. Arthur Stelner) resulted in en editorialasirlng for pattence on the part of aII concerned."

On all sides there are cries for actlon, hlnts oforganlzed protest, even tbreats of strikes and vlolence.Ihls, if there vaa ever a tlme, ls a time for caln, un-preJudlced conslderation. Thls ls a tlme for aIL etdeseoncerned to count up to ten. Whoever pour6 gasoJ.lne onthe fire wlll be to bleme fcrr the consequences. (COn,tol:r./t\ .)

TLre Bnrj.n ehorred its essentlally moderate (ancl by today's

standa:ds, almost indefenslble) posltlon by mltlng "Flnls" to the con-

troversy rrhen the four stuclent offlcers flere reinstated, leaving the

Couutrnlst--Miss CeLeste Strack--off ln llnbo and forgotten: "Nov thatthe vhole thlrlg has beea settled, lt ls useless to naste tine infuttle regrets. The whole thlng uust be thorougbly burled and for-gotteu as soon as possible"" (Con, *llt+/lt+.)

Harrls reealled that Dr. Moore later "thanked ne rather shyly

for the Bnuinrs editorial restralnt"" (Questionnaire, 1970.)

ft continued to oppoee radical activl.tles by urglng etudents tolgnore a peace strlke scheduled for Aprl} L2, L935.

55

A little group of stubborn studento, turning a deaf earto the pleas of a}I absut then, vilJ. nerch resolutely intothe quadrangle today to perfora their flnal act of fooL-hardiness--a student "strike" calculated to put an end towar.

. STAY OUr OP $rE qUAD IODAY: (Cpa, t+lV/l>.)fts fo1lor-up story oa the strLke vas drlpplng vith acorn.

Strlkers Vie with OnlookersBeporters at Demonstratlron

BIr CILBERT T4nRISOH

t{ith erles of "free beer" and a "pretzel a^rendsentt' compet-tng vlth crles of "no suppreeslon" aad t'fight agai.nst yatr, "the antl-sar "strlke" vas put on F-riday off-eanpus before smethlrty strlkers, flfty c&merauten and )OO f\rn-huaters.

At the "str1ke" resolutlona Here passed, and all the pre-vlous}y-chosen "strike" delegates elected. General lnterestln the motions aad speeches themselves ras confined to thesmallr but enthusiastlc, group whlch surrounded the box frmwhich the slnalters gave thetr messages. The attentlon ofmost gas glnen to the frantle actions of newspalnr reporters,:::.

the seeklng out of frntJ.lar faces ln the gaplng crorrd.

The "strlker " proclalnect "succesefirl" by Mlss Strack,flnally ended. "It rras & flne thlng," Baid Bore. "It ras aflne shonr" Eald others. (Cng, ttlt>/l>.)

The Bnuln attaeked vlth i"npartlallty the activltlea of the radlcall{atl.onal Stud.ent League and a conservatlve group, the UCLA Anerleaas.

One of the gtudent leaders of thls latter group "took trmbrage at nany ofthe things in the Dally Fu1n, partteularly the eilltorlal pager" recalled$tanley Rubin, editor fn 1936-3?. He "1rursueil his resentment against

the Daily &rrtn aad me to the polnt of charging lnto the offlce and

physlcally attaeklng tre. flre fight ras lnconclusive." Rubin ldentlfiedthe angry young student as I'iax Rafferty, who }ater becane the StateSuperintendent of hrblic lastructl.on. (Questionaaire, 1970.)

56

li[eanvhlle, becauee of the radlcal aetlvltles on the UCLA eanpus,

abetted by the Admtnlstrationrs early high-hancled methods of deallng vlththem, UCLA continued to be taintedrrlth a 8ed brush. But it nas not alone.

Editor Chandler Harrls, nho attended a nationrlde conference of collegeeditors sponsored by the Ilearst Nerspapers over the Chrlstmas holldays

ln lpJlr, felt no obllgatloa to be charitable to his hosts vhen he dls-covered the underlying mood of the entLre gatherlng: "tr?om college nevs-

papers in videly separated parts of the corntry cores the advance neys

of a camllus Reil-Scare to be condueted on a natlon-ryide basis. .

The motlves of the chief scarer, the }learst string of nevspapers, are

still obscure. . . " (cDB, t/l>/lS.'t (ltre arri.rms of Bruln editorE tormrdthe Hearst papers scarcery ressened wlth the years, partlcularly vhen

Regent John Francls Ney1an, Hearst attorney, began crltlclzlng both

The Dally kuin a.nd the Datly Callfornldl io tn }grOs. )Editor Stan Rubln gave this advice about the Red scatre to hia

successor: "I\rbllc oplnlon ls stlJ.t too mueh of a sore spot here.

l{e rll outgrow our fear of the donntorrn pre6s and orrr fear of red crles.hrt that vi}J. take tlme, and neanrhlle you uust be gentle." (COf, 5/Jt+l

3?. )

One who ras not gentle ras Editor Euee Cassiday, rrho seld lnItllo:

Agaln, agatn, and yet agaln U.C.L.A. ls t'com-unl"st"Ln the nerspapers, ma6azines, books, and lres on the radio.Cornpl.eteJ.yr you kno$. At least 99 \t+/l:OO percent red..Crlmson. U.C.L.A. ha.d eampus stri.kes, U.C.L.A. dls-tributed anti-r*a^r literature: ergo, U.C.L.A. vas and iscomrutrnist aII the tray through Untll at present theWestvood communists include, in all thetr gory red glory,a-ll of $ of l percent of the student body.- hrt they arl-nolsy, llke temites, and aloae they make nore aoise andcause more campus discontent than the other !$ percent.(cps, tlzs/\a.)

57

Ilne Datly kuin had a certaln professional flair in the years

before l{or}d llar rr that it hae never been able to attaln elnce. one

re&son vas The kulnrs uge of fuu-size, elght-co1r:mn pages that de-manded a more sober, professlonal treatnent than the tabloid size laterdid.

By the end of the decade, Uhe kutn had dtstilled lts nethod ofoperatlon lnto a statenent of lnternaJ. polley filled vlth lofty ldealeand lnspiratlon:

The Ca.llfcrrnla Dally kuln Is published by theAEsoctatecl Students of the Unlverslty of Callfornlaand ls a corplete1.y student mana4ed and edl.ted nerrs-paper havlng full independence of edltorial oplnlonvithln the llnite of truth and decency. Ae }ong as1t contlnues 1ts pollcy of strlving at all ttmee toaehleve the ideals of falr and accurate presentattonof the news, the hnrin w111 retaln edltorlal freedom,1ts moet eherLshed posseselon.

The Daily Bruln as the offlclal- organ of the A.S.U.C.bel.leves a. cartrpus nea'speper 1e a vital medl"um for theacademlc, socta3., cultural and economi.c develoBrent, andprqrees of the student body and the rhole Unlversltycomrunlty.

AB an lnstituti.on the Dally Bruln has no editorialopinLons; edl"torlals and features necessarlly reflectthe individual opinlon of the nrLter. ft affi:ms theobJ.lgatlon of etudent edltors to frank, honest and fear-Iegs editorial expresslon vlthln the ltmits of deeency,truth and responslblllty.

fhe Dai]y Bruln respects equallty of oplnlon and theright of every lndivldual to participate in the Constttu-tlonal. guarantee of Beedom of the press. (COf, rc/Jilt+t.)Durlng thls perlod, Ttre Bruln continued 1ts polley of exehanglng

storles vlth the Daily carlfornlan 1n Berkerey--often by radlo. (con,

t+/l:O/l> and 1O/3I/t+1.) As part of PresLdent Robert Gordon Sprotrt'semphasis on "One Unlversltyr " Ihe kuln and

front page mats on the Frlday before Charter

the Dally CaI exchanged

Day aetlvltles. Page One

58

of each publlcation substitutlng as Page lko of lts slster dally,At one polnt, The hruinrs desire for a. "metropolltan" lnage took

a bizarre turn. 0n lla,y 29, L93O, a emall box in the louer-left corner

of Page One lnforrned the reader that "Every story on this pager nlth the

exeeption of this one, rras rritten by Ted. E. Ginsburgr rlo, retirlogEdltortal Advisor. This netropollten gesture is belng trled out for theflrst tlne in the kiJ.y Brtrin." (CDB, >/Zg/lO.l Ttre kuln dld not ex-plain just whlch metropolLtan neuspaper was in the habit of assigning

all 1ts Page One storles to one nriter.Eront-page columns nere often rrl"tten by student edltors. And

columnists often oecrrpted promlnent spots on the feature page. One ofthe best of the latter nas Ehe Dilettant, vhose tast€ in rrltlng ren tooff-beat sex and halr fetlshes.

The DllettantThe Dilettant feels that he has not protrnrly lntroduced

himself to his readers. You nay feel qulte intlnate rrithEomeone you just met ln a bathtub, but you vouldnrt eall ita proper introductlon. 0r rould you?

Ihe Dilettant ls the fe].].otr vho hae read hlatsonrs"Behavlorlgm" and the flrst two ehapers of "Psycho-anal.ysis"by Freud, and is rlJ.J.lng to argue vlth any psych prof inthe school. IIe has read the introduction to and the flrstfour pages of "The Conmunlst lrtranlfesto" &nd 1s prepared toshout dovn any l,larxlst i"n the city. He took plano lessonsfrom the ages of six to ten, but herll dlscuas Counterpointvith Paderevskl any time the latter is ready.

Hotrever, thtnk not evll of him. He prontses never torefer to hls outprt as "thls plJ.lar." . He rl11 neithergrlnd axea nor burden you vlth such drivel as 'That thiscanpus needs is a clock 1n the pedlrent of Royee HaJ-I. "(ny tne ray, that ls Just what thls calrpus needs.)And he von't take himself or you too seriously. (COg, lt/t/tt+.)

The Dtlettant vas dropped from the feature page shortly after he

quotecl from Sanmrel Pepys I descriptlon of the trlal of a maa rrho exposed

59

hlmself in JoILy OId Lonclon. (COn, \/t1/lt+.) His last col_unn revealedpontlflcally that "Iove ls the result of the tl.ssue condltions of theBex organ$." (cor, >/a/*.)

fhls vas too mrch for the edLtor, vho threw the Dllettant o11t

of the paler and nrote that the column had "outllved its usefulness.(ft) vandered beyond the paJ.e of good taste.,' (COn, l/B/l\.)

One of the moet interestlng years rrae that under the edltorshlpof Gllbert HarLson, rrho tras secretary of fhe University Re].Lgiogs Con-

ference frou 1937 to 19\I and later becare pub].tsher of the natlonalliberal rnagaztne, The Ner Repubrle. Ilarlson, editor in 1935-36, sub-scrtbed to a ChrLstlsrt Selence Monltor netrE selryiee that enabled hlm torun complete pages on important national and lnternatlona-l events in a

manner that no other Los Angeles neyspalEr l'as dolng at that tlme.Ilarrlson vas enalnored even then of C'ertrude Steln. After he

vas graduated flom UCIA he met MLss Stein, beearne a frl.end and in 1965

publlshetl a seLectlon of her rorks. &rtng hls Bruln years, he ran tvoof lliss Stain's phrases beneath the masthead on the feature page. Flrst,,,ErrEnrBODY ltHO sAi,l IT sAID rES BI,n $IE PoEmArT mns $of TooK LIKE

!.{LLE. cERTfitDE. AND PrcASso REPLTED No DTFTEBENSE, rr HILL." f}ren he

svltched to "AflyoNE To TEASE A SArXT SffirOUSty. "

Ilarrlson, nho vas descrlbed by his succeoaor, Glrbert Rubin,as a "calnn, talented tu&nt' (euestlonnaire, rglo), rerembers hls year ofeditorshLp as a period of I'enJoyabre anarchy." (@estlonna.ire, Lyro.)Rubin is renembered by Hamlson as belng "a:nbltiors, industrtcnrs, in-te1Ilgent." Ee }ater beeame a rrriter-producer of films and televlslon.

&

Harrtson's predeeessor nas Chandler Haris, 'who remained on the

UCLA earnpus as the UnlversLty's manager of publle lnformation. Harrie,

according to Harrlson, vas "kind, qulet and eool . he had no failures,that vas ny departnent . (tre ras) tall, thin, sallov, qulck, a

stralght nan in a comedy act." (Questionnalre, 19?O.)

Other staff vorkers durtng the prenar years vere Jarres Plke, a

staffer in f933-31+, Iater the faped !*lethodist Biehop of Callfornla; Jack

Stanley, novelist; touis Banks, managlng editor of Fortune lrflagazlne;

A1 lhhn, Unlted Press sportsvrlter and edttor; Robert Brova, nember ofthe New Harnpshire State Leglslature; HaI Keen, San DJ.ego newspaper and

televislon persorrallty; llom hady, Nev York Times correspondent; Loulsf\rrner, treasurer of Systens Develolment Corp. i CeciJ- Smlth, televlsLon

edltor and columnist, Los Angeles Tlmes; Andrev HamJltonr UCLA publlcaffairs officer and novellst; Flora Levle, byl'lned forei.gn correspondent

and rrlter; Jack Hauptll, supervislng asslstant clty edltor, SeattleTlnes; &rrce Casslday, flctlon edltor, Argosy magazine; Clalre Cox, by-

llner for United Press (nov in prbJ"ic relations work); Hal Gillla.n, San

F?ancisco Chronlcle; Rtchard K. Pryne, asslstant news edttor, SeattleTimes; t{illiam Schallert, actor; l,tay Hobart, society editor of Hollywood

Cltlzen-!{evs; l{i}Ilam F. fyree, United Press correspondent.

ft vas a rtch and productlve perlod ln the hlstory of The &rrln.Some of the uritlnSr a trlfle ragged perhaps by the metropolltan standardsThe kuln professed to follorr, reverthelees ls vorth reprlnting.

Drlzzle I'ails to Dampen Ardor of9rords Waj.ti-ng to See Rojsevelt

BY_HeIeg SchnlttThe first rrrrbrella up uas a deep ruagenta one, the eecond, a

faded burnt orange. hrt the hundreds of students, vJ.3-1.agers,

6t

and graoman school chlldren contlnued to natt patlently toeee the Presldent of the unlted states, Franklin DeranoRoosevelt, as herodeup Hestvood banlevard from i{llshlre toSunset.

A general alr of enthuslasm was notlceable at the gathering,ancl the slightly brase attltude, formly expected of u.c.L.A.students, had gJ.ven way coupletely to a pleasant graetousnesg,vhlch seemed to make ltself felt to everyone 1n the presldentialparade.

rt rras not mere eurioslty that kept the hundreds standlngin the drlzzle. Nor rras lt hero rrorshLp. Ttre feerlng ex-hl.blted by the students was more rholesome than either ofthese. Tleey seemed to be lnterested in Roosevelt as a man.Thqlranted to see ryhat a presLdent of the Unlteil States lookedlike. And they vere happy to see that thls president vas finerooklng and had arr the poise, dlgnity, and preasantness ofbearing whLch eould possibly be asked of any man.

A bit of impromptu singlrqg of Unlversity songs, hesltantmtreic by the band, students crlmbing onto the bus station,and ehouts to passing motorists . added to the gaiety ofthe unexpected occasion.

As Roosevelt actually paesed before the erorrds, stt1lanother feeling beea"re 'paramount -- that of embamagsment.The erowds wanted to be frlendly tonard this man, but they didnot knon rhether he vould be more pleased vith cheers or vithrespectfirl slrence, so some cheered and some snired, and al-lfelt as though Roosevert r*ere pleased with his reeeption andall nished that he courd hene stopped for a fen mlrnrtes tospeak. (cna, rc/z/l>.\

I{rltlng and ldeas rrere the stuff of rrhtch fhe Bnuln staff }ras

made. &rt that is never enough, neither on a Unlversity neuspaper nor lnthe llfe outside the rra,I1s. Bnuln writers learned that the rorld 1s hard,and that they Just do not al-nays receive the renards they thtnk they merit.They learned abcrtrt such thlngs as cantrnls polities, seeret maneuvering and

outslde pressures.

5z

Chapter 5

BRUIN SPIRIf VS. OOUNCIL POWER

Tkre spl"rlt of The Dally Bnuln vae born early. It evolved flom

hard rork and cootrnration anong students vorking together in a eommon

task. A beginning reporter reeognlzed the birth of spirlt ln I9I9:Dear Fire hand:

I sinply eannot study. I rrrlte for the Cub Cal-l-fornian. There is alvays so much fun golng on in thatIlttle offiee that I cannot do a thing rhlle there.Moreover, I cannot leave once I flnd myself there.But vorse than that, I eannot stay aray fron there.FArLrNc. {CC, tol3],ltg.)

And the splrlt develolmd.

The Callfornta GtLzzLy has finlshed its first semesterae a dal"Iy publlcatlon, a program the success of vhlch rrasominously overeast ntth doubt in September. It grev, amidtravall and confuslon, lnto i.ts ner quarters, a elreum-stanee vhleh vas endured by the staff vith great fortltudea.nd a.mazlng cheerfulness. ?tre lneessarrt demand for produe-tlon }eft llttle time for effective organlzatlon, and muchdelnnded upon the lndlvidual for the succeesful ansver tothe domlnant question, "C&n ue handle a dally?"

Tfiat question has recelved lte ansver; ln the ansuerare involrred other problems, rrhlch remaLn for succeedinggenerati"ons to solve.

. their solution depends upon those qualitlesvhi"ch perslst from year to year in the men and vonen rhocompose the staff (ce, r/r3lze .\

An Editor of the Daily Brtrln once aaid that the staffof the paper vas the most clannish organization in theUni.verslty. Hhat he meant by thia vas eimply that therevas a feeli"ng of natrrral fellovshi.p and loyatty to thegroup, gradual-Iy built up ln each rrember fron lts flrstyear "beat" to the senlor executlrre job. lJorklng flve

6S

to slx hours eyery day and often spending the entlre nlghtat the prlnt shop, the kuin boys saw nany a sleepless davnas the final pa€e $as rol}ed and the pressnan threv thesultch. They vorked together, laughed and Joked together,and the feellng of nutua^l- loyalty rrhich eaeh one feJ.t greatlyresembled the spontaneous understanding whlch grors up be-trreen members of tbe same fa.mlly. ft involved a feeli.ng ofelatlon at the successes of another or a senae of disappolnt-nent vhen another seemed to mlss the breaks. More than everbefore, thlr year'e staff has held this sane relatlonshipvithln ltself. The staff Just assuned that lts pnoperposltion vas squarely behlnd each of its members. fhus dothe hrrln boys regard themselves and thus do they vish toreuember the staff . (SoCarn, I93l+.)

ft ls a hardy, livtng splrlt that 1s passed from onegenerati"on to the next, there to be nurtured avhile, andagain paesed on . the staff 1g so loya} and vll}1ng,that sonetimes, rhen you hane handed then an lmposstbleJob ancl they go and do lt, you choke up and feel llke youcould klss every one of thetr peraptrlng facesthe Dal3-y &:uLn system and the people ln i"t can handle anytask thst you can set them to. (nattor Robert Barsky,cDB, ZfLlf\z ana 5/ry/t+2.)

We knes we eould ne\rer mal<e (cub reporters)understand the fun ve have had worklng on the paBer. Thatcan onJ.y be knosn by sorneone vho has rrorked vith a group ofpeople whlch starts out by being extrereIy dlverstfled, butafter four years of vorklng, and eati.ng, and relaxtng to-getber, flnds a eommon bond in the strong ties rhich blndthem to the organlzatlon. (nattor Jo Rosenfleld, CB, z/Llll$.)

To the student nho plcks up The kuln every morning thestaff ls an enigma. He or she cannot posslbly realize thatthe paper cones out under the comblned efforts of a staffof almost fl students, vho through thelr love ofJournalism and their holn of rislng on the staff, work asrtany a6 lO houre per veek in KII 2I2, studente vho work firndayso that a paper can hlt the stands Monday, students vho sorkon holldays so that a paper nl}} come out the day after,students vho vork until 2 a.m. putting the paper to bed vhenthey have early classes the next mornLng. (gaftor !,IartlnA. Brorrer, DB, z/lt+/>Y,)

It nas thls spirit more than aay other one thing--more than

radicalism, more than intellectualLem, more than llbera)-ism--that

6\

Student Counells had to battle durlng the entLre period from the early

Thrirties to the estabLishment of the Qournunications Board ln f953' The

Brrrin vas a permanent body vith a popr.*ation that shlfted every four

years; Student Councile, on the other hand, vere constituted aner each

year. Only ra,rely dld student council menbers have experience accumrla-

ted fron previous service.

Complalnts by the cotrncLls--and vith sooevhat different emphases

by the Admlnistratlon--fell lnto four maln eategorles: The Brrrin vas a

"closed corporatlonrr'g.nd people nho diiln't flt lnto the BrrrLn i'nage

faited to get promoted. The Brrrin dldntt give enoggh prbllclty to

camp1rs events. Editors used poor nevs Judgnent (usually favorlng

llberal over conservatlve causes). fhe teft lJtng controlled Bruln

feature pages.

These themes yere surprlsingly enduring, no matter rrhat Councll

vas in power, no matter rrhat staff edlted the nevspalrr'

TLre Counell exerclsed ltg control over The hrrln editor and

throrrgh the appolntment of editorlal candldates favorable to the

Couneil's philosophy of campus Journallsm" A third netbod, control of

the purse strLngs, was not evallable to Student Councils after 1pl2

rrhen student flnanclaJ- responsibility ras removed frm corncll jurls-

tllctlon and placecl ntth the Board of Control"

Drlng the Itentiea, there rrere fev controversles betveen lltre

Brutn and the Student Council. fhe kuln wae eonsidered a reflectlon

of the Council and edltore acqulesced slth readinese to Counctl control.

fhe flrst Councll lnvestlgation of the student nerrspatrEr vas in february,

L%IL, vhen a "letter from A1 Knox, protesting negllgence of the Cub

6t

Callfornlan on a certatn smal1 metter, rras read and a committee rras

appointed to look tnto it." (SfC, z/tl/ZO,)At one polnt, the Councll felt that the camtrrus nerspaper was not

glving enough coverage to lte aetlvtties, and in 1!2L it dlrected"that a

reporter from the eub vhose presence regularly at rreetings be required,sha]-l. be ptrbllclty for the Council." (SgC, S/tllL.) trn L)ZJ, a motLoa

va8 passed that the I'edltor of the Grizzry, or sone other responslblerepresentattve to be chosen by the presldent of the counell, be re-quested to attend the councll meettngs, to rrLte up eertaln specialactlons of the Councll vhleh they wish to appear Ln the next day's

Grlzz).y, such reports to be OK'd by the President. . . before beingplnted in the pa1Er." (snc, LL/L7/25.)

fhings !,ere so cozy betneen the nenspaper and the CounclJ. thatThe Cub staff dectded in I92t to establlsh a "new tradLtlon" by present-

lng a gavel each year to the outgoing student body preslilent. (CCr gllO/Zt")[he flrst maJor dtspute betveen the Council and the nevspalnr

Iay, typlcally enough, ln the realm of sports, nhi.ch Student Couneils

traditlonally consldered more sacrosanct than did nost kuln edltors.Ihe Grizzly sports page carried thls story on [turch JL, L)262

O\IERCC}NFIDEI{CEBM{PS GRIZZLYNINE; LIONS IIIN

Overconfldence, poor splrlt, bonehead playing, Iack ofteanruork, errors, and everybhlng elee ln the category of sloppybasebalJ., vent together yeeterday to glve Caddy l{orksr dla-mond cavorters thelr flret defeat of the season. Lroyola Col-lege clampect the Grlzzlles donn l+-3 on Moore fleld, incl"dent-ally endlng their vlnning streak of seven straignt garnes.

To aggravate Grlzz}y troubles, Roy hrrns rras removed fromthe gane ln the fourth canto by Ooach l{orks, and the heavyhltting left ftelder promptly turnecl tn hls suit.

56

Burns shoulcl get over hi.s "peeve" in a couplecf, days,honever. It is merely the case of a star player buckingup agalnst a Ilttle diseipline, and Burns vlII 1earn thatthe latter is more lmportant . . (cg, l/*1a6.)

That evening, the Council devoted "conslderable diseussion" tothe artlele, as veU as glvlng "mleh unfavorable eomment . about

various other articles vhlch have been published in the Grlzzly from

time to tlme." Then lt ordered "that the Grizzly editor be instruetednot to allon the prblieatlon of artieles of thls sort in the future."(smc, s/lt/ze.)

No sooner said than done, The next story about a GrtzzLy base-

ball game, a 6i decislon over Callfornla Bank, carrled thls eoneludlng

paragraph:

The real. garne the Grlzzly squad turned i.n yesterdayindleates the slump exlnrlenced the first of this neekvas only temporaryr and the stoek of Coach Works' squadhas rlsen several points to i.ts former high level.

The first edltors rlere appolntcd by the $tudent Councl} "on the

reeomrendatlon of the Conualssioner of Llterary Activlties." (SnC, 6/fi/m.Hhen hrblicatlons Board rras establlshed Ln L)22, the pover of recommenda-

tlon passed over"thls nev body, usual.ly eomposed of newspalnr, yearbook

and humor magazlne (rhen there xas one) representatlves, plus appolntees

of the Student Body president. Others vho oecaslonally served rere repre-sentatl"vee of the Press Club, the l&.nuscript Club and the Rrblicity Brreau.

In the early years, the outgolng editor vquld make a reeormenda-

tion of an lncomtng editor (usual.ly hJ.s managing editor), rho vould then

ehoose his olrn staff .

. the staff 1o promoted to the top posltlons by thelncurnbents on a baEls of merit. The rnanaglng edltor systemprevails, vhereby the editor eelects hts euccesgor from atnor€

5t

the most capable candidates on the staff. Since any man orrornan on the canpus is eligJ.b1e the competttion isopen to a:-l (cc, 616/zt+.)

The Bnuin emphaslzed that trromotlons yere msde "on the trork-up

system" (cBa, il:}+lzt) and "by seniority standlngr' (coa, glzglzil.The thlrttes opened rlth the fl.rst recorded reJection by the

Student Counell of hrbllcations Board recommendations: SEC appointed

Char).es Olton as managlng edltor instead of the then curent sports

edltor Jeff Klbre, and Herman Platt as sports edltor tnstead of llarold

Keene. (SUe, \/lo/p.) ft is slgniflcant that both of these positlons

involved judgments deallng vlth sports edltors--glnce thls fleld, as ve

have seen above, vas a6 touchy J.n the student political vorld as any area

of Comnrnlsm or radlcallsm.Ttren, Bobert K. Sheltaby rtas appolnted edltor ln place of Pub

Boardrs reco&nendation, William Bnadford. (SUC, t/to/lt+.)TLre next turndonn ls more surprislng, vhen vLered from the 1nr-

slncti.ve of 19rfo. Andrev llamllton, the unanimouc reeommendation of Pub-

Ilcatlong Board for editor, HaB reJected ln favor of Chandler Hamis

(cpg, >/zt+llt+), as a result of some simple fraternlty politicklng (Harris

lntervien, L97O). Hamilton l"s the }ongtime public affairs dlrector forUCLA. Harrls is non UCLATs chlef publle lnfornratlon offlcer.

Tro reJeetlons in the perl"od of one year vas a bit too much tosrral-low, even for SEC. ft appointed a eommLttee to "lnveetlgate and vorkout a system of Daily krrin promotlon that rorrld encourage the senlor

members to remain on the staff." (SEg, gltg/S\) It nas a constructive

step, but nothLng cane of lt.

58

Mld-deeade vas the lon spot for Dally kuin-$EC relatlons during

the Thlrties. In faet, it nould be hard to chooee any other one year lnrrhlch so much haptrnned to disturb vhat passed for Kerckhoff HalJ. serenlty.Not only did the stud.ent body presldent resign vhen he fa.tled to blockthe eppolntment of an edltor, but the edltsr hi.mself vas Iater removed

from his offlce by a counclJ. that had gronn tlred of hls lndependent

rays and lrrltating eclltorials.The edltor ras Gl}bert Hamlson, na:aed by the Student Councll

during a rnarathonr al].-nlght sessj"on that ended at ) a.m. It rras notHarrison, horever, rho vas envelolnd ln the eontroversy. For once, itnas the businees nanager nomlnatlon, that of Louis I\rnoff, vhlch vas atissue, settled on.Ly vhen Turnoff vas appointed and the Publtcatlons Direc-tor rras lnstrueted to lLnvestigate the entire uanagerial setup."

Harrleon soon found himself at }oggerheads nith Thonae Lambert,

the etudent body presldent. Harrlson favored internatl.onal ners, ln-depth coverage of national lssues and quotatlons from Gertrude Stein.La.nbert llked student goverrunent and the things lt dtd. Both }lamLson

and La.mbert rrere brllliant men; Larnbert ras a Phi Beta Kappa rrho laterbeea.me a thodes acholar, and HarrLson ras for a long tlre the executlvesecretary of the Uni"verslty Rellglous Conference before taklng up wrltlngand edltlng the Ner Repub].lg.

Lanbert requested that "the Bruln gine the Student Coqncil meet-

lngs more publl.clty so that the student bocly mlght know hon the affalrsof the UnLverstty are beLng handted.." (SUC, to/g/ll.)

ApBarently actlon rae not taken to tambertrs satLsfactlon.Perhaps Harrl.son rras too busy vorking on an antL-ROII canpai.gn that had

5g

raLsed the lre of Provost Ernest Carroll Moore. Harrlson presented hl.s

resolutlon to ellml.nate cmpulsory ROft to the Student Counci.l, Ieadlng

Dean of lten Earl J. !r[i]]er to read a statement fron Moore declartng that

"thLs couatry is a fat lanb ln a vorld of nolves, and compulsory militarytrainlng for that reason is necessary." (SEC, Vltllll.) Xo rna.tter, the

resolutlon passed, 9-l+-1 ;...At the end of the faIL senester, Harrl.son ara6 reappolnted for ene

sprlng term, as tlas then the custom. Lambert reslgned, clalmlng that TIre

Bnuin had obstnreted rather than buttressed the ASIJCTg program and that. 1n his estlmation the standard rhlch determinesrners value I shouJ-d. be rhether the nerrs aids the vork of

student aetivittes. IIe deplored the emount of space rrhLehrras given ln the paper to lntcrnatlonal nets at the exlnnseof canpus nevs. the only gro.lnd upon vhlch he voulclretala his offlce flas the settlng up by the councll of aprlnclple of 'ners value I by vhich the inportance of nerswas made relevant to its effect on the successfirl workfu:gsof the A.s.u.c. (cos, tlt6/15.)

tambert resclnded h1s reeignatlon after he and Dean Mlller had

agreed to "formulate sore by-lare rhlch rrould make clear the relatlonsbetneen the Student Council and the hl}y Brlln " . vlth the reeorenda-

tlon that the eomittee nake clear the authority of the Couneil oner ki.tyBruin po1icy." (SEC, t/Ztll6.) ttu said "the conditlons that made lt (hts

resignatlon) neeessary have been removed, "but an unstrmpathetlc student

councll replled that the condltlons hadntt been removed and they remalned

the same as they rere vhen tanbert qult. Neverthelees, the Presl"dent

returned to serve out his term.

Hamlson contlnued to serve out hts term, too. Ile vrote edltor-lals such as this one:

7o

EDIlONTALSCENE: Editor's offlce.TIME: Past tlrre.PffiSONtiAE: He, me.

ACIIONI(nock at the doorME: YehHE: MeME: OhIiE: HuJ-lo, (crosses knees) ttrere have been some

conplaints abcut the Bruin.ME: I{nnnIIE: You knor, a fev thlngs. . feature page., the

foretgu stuff, vorld ln vley paSer once in a vhile a sportscolurun . .

ME: Ilnnm[IE: Nothtng sertous, (rubbing hls chin) a fev thlngs

Off Campue. Oh yeh that Gertrude Steln stuff on the secondpager that poetry and aII that

ME: HmmrIIE: And the editorial colu:nn (fffttng up pants }eg,

scratches knee) you knon, nothlng eerious!.IE: IJh HuhIIE: A few couplai.nte, people eore up to me and te}l ne.

The Olympic ganes and B.O.T.C. (sniles) And, uh, about paylngfootball players (leans baek in chalr, arms folded.)

ME: Uh HuhHE: hrt the naln objectlon is that the edltorials get

klnd of partlal-.ME: Precisely. (cpn, ilt/tQL,ater the sarre month, Harrlson suggested that the studente should

be glven "baek to the Unlverslty." ("Tt" reverse of the deruancl then and

nor," he recalled ln 1970.) tUfs nould have been done by abollshlngmost service honorary socletles and by hlrtng professionals to plan such

events as af,-I-campus dances and a vastly extended prograrn of intra^uural

sports.

Play nould be its own reuard If there is astudent paperr it should be nanaged by students vhohave graduated from the University and vho are hiredfor thls purpose, who rrork at regular hours and whorecetve regular salary.

Such a systen of slgnlficant actlvlties could savevery mrch money, nery much tire. It rould eventually

7I

get rid of students rlho carre to the Unlveraity only torun for offices, and lt mlght eventually substltute forthe eoncept of shallov po1ltlcal advancement aon in vogue,a concept of genulne intelLectual achlevement. (COf,3/LAl36.')

The Student Council removed Harrison as edltor seyen days lateron the grotrnds he "only presented one elde of the questionr t' he "re-strlcted the contents of Grins and Gron1s" and he used "other parts

of the paper outslde of the eclltorlal. colunn for the firrthera.nee of his

ffm vters." (sEC, ile>/le.) "fLre staff baeked me up and rle rrent on

strlker " Harrison nrote Jh years }ater (tfrough the paper contirmed to

appear and there ras no rentlon of a strike ln contenporary records).

"Jt blen over very quickly. lle klssed and mad,e up and The kuln renton being nritten by lts staff. Moral of the story: Congress can take

crver the railroads, but Congressnen can't run the engines." (qgestlon-

naire, LETO.) SnC relnstated llarrison on l[arch 27 on hls assurance

that he voulcl prlnt "both sLdes of the questlon." (SEC, llz1116.)the battle ?asn't over, though. Harrison rrcnt oa rrrttlng edl-

torlals and runnlng his Chrlstlan Sclence Monltor ners roundups. He

attacked the practlce of funnelingmoney to athletes through phony jobs

at whlch they rere inept and lneffictent"In -l{hlch You Eave SalafyrHonor, and No Work

College students rho reeeive 5O cents an horr should dosomethlng for their pay.

fhey shorltl clo some klnd of rork.Or they should lend color to the scenery.Or something.But about the only thirqg that most of the football players

rea-Lly do nho get )O cents an hour for going thru the motlonsof keeplng Kerckhoff clean ls to saunter around aB anyone mlghtvho held the mortgage to the buildlng (CnA, S|SO116.)

72

FlnaIIy, the Student Councl]. reeolrrcd "that the Daily kuin,as the offlclal organ of the students of the Universlty, is concerned

uith the presentatlon of camlms neys. It ghelr glve sufficient pgbllcityto all ASuc f\rnctions. FalLure of the edltor . to provide such

pnbrtclty sharl constitute a. cau6e for hLs dlsml"sea}." (suc, slzt/s5.)As Lt m?.18t to all academlc years, horever, eyen the eventful

one of 1935*6 eame to 1ts close. The student counclr (or slxteen-nlneteenths of it) ras graduated to a clifferent norld outslde the gates.So vas a good part of The Br.uln staff. eulet relgned untll 1938.

In that year the Student Couneil reJected hrblicatlons Boardrs

unanimous reconnendatlon of BtIl Bnovn for edltor and Everett Carterfor managlng eclltor. The Council saicl it afso wanted to conslder Dan

wllkeo, a foruer Bcuin staffer vho roas then the Loa Angeles TlneE

eorrespondent on the camprs, but llllkes said he didnrt vant either ofthe jobs, and Bnovn and Carter rrcre naryred after aJ'I. (Cpn, Sl>/lS ana

s/r:o/tB.\It ras an outgolng buslness manager, Charles Ferguson, vho gave

incomlng editor BIII Brown and lncomlng buslness manager Seymour Knee

some advlce on hor to handre camllus politiclans, 1n nhat rras a then

traditional las t-is sue -of -the -year edltorie-l :

Any lnfluence you have upon the huin you mrrst lookupon as a student tnrst not llghtly to be regarded andnever to be violated. You must protect the apparent anddeep potential power of the eollegtate press by tactfullyobservlng your trust at aJ.J. tines . Never knowlnglystick the Daj.Iy Bruln lnto the lionrs rnouth slmply beeauseof any personal. bias. Be careful not to J-et trivlal. thingsundermine the substance of the kuin" Don't do as ne dldand al.lenate most of the trnople rrc had to vork rlth byprlelng thelr sensiti.ve lltt1e egos. l{ounded vanity rri}Ibl1nd the average qan every tlme so that he cannot seeanythlng nore baslc than retrtbution. (Cpg, >/n/SA.)

73

B,rt tranbles betneen the student counell and The Daily hruin

beeane enderric--and for the first tlne, the Unlverslty adml"nlstration

vas quletly beglnning to take a side ln the battle betneen the llberalkuln and the conservatlve Councl"I.

One point at lssue was the feeling by conservatlves that onJ.y

organizations vlth ASIJC "recognltlonil should be rrentionett by nane inThe Bnuln. Since University regulatlons forbade the Student Councll

from charterlng any polltica1 groups, thls wotrld effectlvely cut offpubllclty for such left-ving organizatlons as the American Student Union.

The Councll declded on Nov. Lr, L939, that "Unrecognized or-ganizations nay have their name mentLoned ln aay anct a3.l student pub-

lications unless they have applled for and been denied recognitlon, or

untll such tine as the Student CounclJ. ehaJ-I request that thls prlvilegebe discontlnued." (cor, */t6/lg.)

The Bruin, vhich had opposed the regulatlon, repllecl vlth a

vociferous front-page edltoria-l:_Ihe DAILY BRUIN ts non under a partial censorshlp .

fIy' mtrst loner lts trritlng standards . because one ofthe most lmportant faets in a-ny news story, the nare of thegroup involved, vl}I have to be left out. (Cps, lJ-/l6llg.)

Thls led, ln turn, to a confidentlal rneno Jlom Provost Earle

Baynond lledrick to President Robert Gortlon Sproul:

I have ln mlnd the prelnratton of ltens that lndieatea need for some advisory control of student publlcattons,and., ln partieular, fhe kuln. I woulcl cal"l attentionJust non to tro phases of todayrs issue:

). fhe editor eJ.afns that democratlc procedure haebeen vioLated because he cannot act counter to an B-Jvote of the Student Councl}"

2. The report of the Unlversity neetlng.(attendedby IBOO students) ornlts entlrely rentj.on of /Daily News

Tl+

publlshe/ Manchester Boddv, fituaent b:gv.presideny' tr?edIfoebtg aia nysetf, all of rhom spoke. It is glven lessspace than tkre small meeting at the YUCA, .under the auspi^cesof the A,S.U. frerican Student Uniogi. (lrch, Box I!J,Folder \o.)

Hedrlck rras refeming to a meetlng at the YMCA addressed by the

lleutenant-governor of Ca-Ilfornla, Ellls E. Patterson, vho spoke on

"No Blaekout on Peace ln Amerlca."

The eonservatlves, hovever, dld not vl"n thls battle. hnrin

staffers and supporters clrculated petttions to rescind the dlrecti-ve,

aad "uual,Jed by any form of publlcity or edltorialtzlng, they colleeted

the signatures of nearly 3roffi students (more than the total vote cast

in the last A.S.U.C. election) in one d"y." (COA, tt/ZZ/lS.) Thls rras

a l-ory polnt for Councll pouer and a hlgh polnt for ft-uln splrit. The

Student Council backed dovn and rescinded the resolutlon five days }ater.

Tkre council t,las not glving up. Ii stlll had ite appointlng

po$er, and in Ja.nuar3r, 191+0, it reJected Publieatlons Boardrs nomination

of Michela Robblns (tfre nnuin staff cholce) for re-appolntnEnt as nana8-

ing eclltor and Hary Lanclls for re-appointnent as buslness nans€er. Itappolnted Bruce Cassiday and Boycl Harris lnstead, on the grounds of

"frequent vio].atlons" of the Datly kuln Internal Poliey, "lneffLeiencies

in certaln departments and dlscrlnlnatlon in story asstgnments." (CDB,

zlxzl\o.)Caesiday, rhom Ikre &r-uin later described archly as having taken

"one of the speediest cllnbs to the edltori.al top in the history of the

Datly Brln, o' (CDB, S/tOlt+O), recaJ-letl the elrcumstances of his appolnt-

nent.

7'

I had gone home after a late nlght as Nlght Edltor atthe shop (tfren ln llestrood Village where rre used to put thepaper to bed) and vhen I arrived at the Bnuin offlce . .about noon, I vas still half asleep from the late rork'

Sandy Moek, then edltor, to3.d me f rlas lvianaging Editorand I laughed and rent on about ny vork. Flnally Bill Bnovnalso tolil me I ras the up-comlng Managing Edltor. I saldrhat about Mickey?

The Councll threr her nane out, sald Sandy.

I wonrt take the Job, I sald.

Yourd better take lt, Sancty said rllth a laugh. I donrtvant to go through another of those meetlngs wlth that bunchand try to get eomebody else theyrll okay.

Irll thlnk about lt, f sald.

Mickey looked depressed and she satd, Oh hel}, take theJob.

tthat did you do? I asked her.

How do I knou vhat I did?

Then I nas depressed, but I }et it eool dorrn avhlle andtalked aeifn to Sandy and Bill and declded I'd try lt.

. I remember Council meetings as quite polltlcal.gatherlngs during vhich the people lnvolved in both theDAILY SRUfN and the SOUTIIERH CAMPUS rere dlssected pleceby pleee and one by one before they nere approvedI do remember vlvidly hor harrlecl and beat to a frazzleSandy Mock nas the nornlng after that l:ill-nlghy'Councilmeeting . the probable reaaon f vas "eltglble" vassimply because I happened to be a nember of a fraternity--Theta Chi--and most of mycolleagues on the night edltorlevel rere not. But there may have been a bit of male chauv-ln1sm present 1n the deeision, too. Hor does anybody reallykncvr? (Questlonnalre, 1970. )

Casslday |s recalled by Eclitor Jack W. Hauptlt as a man vith a

"vonderful sense of humor, able to get a.long with all. Hardly a typieal

fraternlty man. Great capaclty for drin,king Coke in the Co-op. Dedicated

to Tkre Brutn." (QueetlonnaLre, 19?0.)

75

Dean of Students Hurford E. Stone rras pleased vlth the Councll

action, rhtch he called a "sound one" ln a npmorandum to Presldent Sproul.

There vas eeriotrs constderatlon of a mone to placea student in the posJ.tlon of Editor vho ls not notl onthe staff and rrho has not sorked through the prellmlnarygrades for this trlosition, but ne declded that thls votrltlmale the Cotrncll open to the eharge of unfairness and ashgvlng abandoned the merit system . . . Rlehard Pryne/Tne nev edi.td. f believe . viIL be cooperatlve,anel the CounciL made it very clear that better cooperationwlth the Admlnistratlon and rlth the Assoclatecl StudentsrdIl not onJ"y be exlncted but be demanded

It is qy oml feeling that . " ve prepared the uay forrmreh more eomplete supervision of the Da5.Iy kuln than reever had in the past. (Arch, Box 181, Fo1der 4O.)

Sproul replled:. It vould seem to rre that the youngsters have

done a good Job. I should be trenendously pleased if veeould connert the Bnuin lnto a responsLble student nevs-Baper nlthout assuming jurisdlctl.on over it, 1.e., rrhlJ.elt is sti}l in student hands. (Ibl.d.)

Edltor Pryne rtas willlng enough to bon to the admlnistration on

unimportant issues. He gladly a,greed rrlth a suggestlon by Hedrick tostop prlnting the vords to the Californla Drinklng Sone ("Oh, they hadda

carry Hany to the feny , . l") slnce a UCTTI group had complalned abotrt

lt. And Hedrlck memorct Sproul: "I tnrst you riI} have noticed the

artlcles ln the Brlln recently. ftrlngs are golng rather uell." (Areh,

Box IlB, Folder )+o. )

Stlll, the rancor between the Council ancl The Bnuin contlnued.

Ttre Cornell crltlclzed coverage of a conflict at Los Angeles Clty Collegeas t'in bad taste and . poor poricy as far as the unlnersity fias con-

cerned. Attention vas al-so eall"ed to the fact that ptrbJ-lclty nas glvento the Student [bachers Group, a.fter Cotrncil had rdthdravn recqgnltlon

. " (S80, SltZ/\a.) Later that yeer, football star Kenny tiashington

77

complalned about sports coverage and the Councll agreed that "publlcityshould not be derogatory rhen the team lost, but that the nerrspaper, as

a representative of the students, should stay behind the team vith en-

couragement, as the students and other repreeentatives of the Universitywere exlEcted to do. " (suc, n/eo/\o.)

Under pressures llke these, The Bnuin staff contlnued to pnlnt adally newspaper and ite spirlt contlrnred to be renened and refYeehed

nlth each batch of incomlng cub reportere. Youth replenlshes ltsel.f"fhatrs sorethlng that the Untversity Adnlnlstratlon could never qulte

comprehend.

78

Chapter 7

OTFICIAI, NOTICES AND OTTICIAT CONCERI{

A student nevspaper ls no small joke for Unlverstty admlnts-

trators, the greatest tight-rope artists ln the educaticnal vorld. A

young man vlth a pen nay be dangerous enough, but a Ecore of young men

and vomen vlth a printlng press ean rrreak havoe, indeed" Ehls ls the

admtnlstrators' vierrpoJ-nt.

President Jesse Mll}spaugh of the Los Angeles State Nor"mal School

felt that establishment of a student nerf,spaper ra6 a serlous enotrgh matter

that he shorJ.d brtng nerrs of hle approva-l of The Normal Outlook to the

Board of Trustees on Jan. 19, I91I. (90f, yltg/l..r..) It vasn't the IaBt

tlue that UCL,A's etudent neuspaller was dlscussed ln the hlghest echelons

of the Universlty hlerarchy.UCLA adnlnlstrators tranre sought certatn characterlstlcs in the

student press over the Jrears--a,ecuraey of content, calm and reflectlvejudgment, and a nlrror of prenalling attltudes on the calrynrs or off. A

cormon coaplalnt by admlnlstrators has been that ed.ltorials and nevs

Judgnent do not refleet the oplnion of the t'majority" of the student body.

One aclmLniEtrator even used the phrase "sllent majority (DB,

several years before Presldent Nixon popularized tt." . student nevgpapers seen to have been sent to Universlty

presldents as a penalty for their stns, " PresLdent Robert Gordon Sproul

once nrote arl angry cttizen ryho had eomplalned about a poem ln fhe 3nuLn.

79

"ALl over the country they tend to be 1.on ln tone and provocatlve incharacter. t{e are not of cotrse foldlng our hands and accepting the

sltuatlon, but reform 1s slow andl diffieult.'' (Arch, Box 118.)

Past eclitoro tlere lnslstent ln thelr praiee of the UnlversLty

Adnlnlstrstioa for not censoring or interferlng vlth The &rrln. And,

exeept for the notorlous He[rs BeIIs edltion of L)?), administratorspreferred tbe qui.et conference or (tovarcl the end of the Ttrirtles) pressure

through the Student Cquncll as a BEan6 of lnfluencing Bruin content. Men

of learnlng, the admlnistrators were nore palned about lack of aceuracy,

lt eeens, than nere Student CsunelJ. members, rrho felt more concern fortheir ovn sense of eelf-lmportance.

Dtrector Ernest Caroll Moore once wrote a letter (Aprtl 7, L)27)

to Edltor llil,].ian E. Forbes ln uhleh Moore took fhe Brtrin to task forreporting that I'frs. Moore vas golng to be a guest at a Faculty Womanfs

CJ.ub event rdren, ln fact, she vas not. "f rish you would get your kuinstaff together ancl publlc1y pronlse to fire anyone vho prlnts false ln-fornstlonr" Moore expostulated. (lrcn, Box l+3.)

A fev neeks later Dr. Moore's administrative staff discrrssed the

problem emid complalnts that The kuln staff "seldon retrect or eomect

nlsstatements and ln soue caEes have decllned to do so rhen requested by

lrembers of the admlnistratlon . . Dr. Moore said they rust retract vhen

requested." In Oetober of that year, the ruatter eame up again.

The queetlon arose of the need for superviston of thepolicy of the Dally huin in the natter of nelrs, edltorialeand advertlsements. Dr. Moore suggested a comnlttee, butthe deans aII helil that the matter vorrld be better handledinforma.lly by the Deaa of }fien. Aecordlngly, Dlrector Moorecharged Dean MtIIer vlth the sulnrvlston of the Dally Brula'sporlcy. (ear, rc/*/af .)

8o

lrbanvhlle, becauee of the radlcal actlvltles on the UCLA campus,

abetted by the AdminiatratLon's early high-handed methods of deallng viththem, UCLA continued to be tainted rlth a Bed bmsh. But lt uas not alone.

Editor Chandler flarrls, nho attended a natlonrlde conference of college

edj.tors sponsored by the Eearst Neuspapers over the Chrlstnas holldays

ln IpJl+, felt no obllgatlon to be eharltable to hls hosts vhen he dLs-

covered the underlying mood of the enttre gatherlng: "}?om college neys-

papers 1n nidely separated parts of the corntry cotrEs the advance neys

of a camlnrs Red-Scare to be condueted on a nation-vide baeis. .

The motlves of the chief scarer, the Ilearst strlng of nerspapers, are

stiu obsetre. . " (cDB, t/L>/l>.) (fhe aninnrg of Bruin editorE tovarcl

the Hearst palrrs scarcely legsened with the years, particularly when

Regent John Francls Neylan, llearst attorney, began crltlcizing both

Ttre Da1ly kuin and the Daily CaJ"lfornlJl io tir" 1950s.)

Editor Stan Rubln gave thls advice about the Red scare to his

successor: "hrbl"lc oplaion is gtlll too mueh of a sore spot here.

l{e'I} outgr<rw our fear of the dovntown pre6s and otrr fear of red crles.Bnt that r+111 take tire, and meanrhlle you must be gentle." (COf, >/l\l3?. )

One who vas not gentle ras Editor kuce Caseiday, rho said ln19i+o:

Aga1n, agatn, and yet again U.C.L.A. is t'comunlst"ln the nef,Bpallers, magazlnes, books, and yes on the radlo.Conpletelyr y@ knorr, At least 99 t+t+/l:OO percent red.Crlmson. U.C.L.A. ha.d campus strlkes, U.C.L.A. dls-tributed anti-nar literature: ergo, U.C,L.A. rras and lseomrmrni"st all. the vay through Untll at present theWestrood commrnists include, in al-l thelr gory red glory,all of f of I percent of the student body. hrt they arenolsy, Ilke teruites, and a-Ioae they nake more notse andeause more earnpus discontent than the other 995 percent.(cPn, tlzs/t+o.)

57

Shat vas the Polley from then

Provost) deal clireetly vith flce Bnrin

tors never tired of polntlng <vut, hls

Unl.versity to a vide public beyond the

on. Selttom dltl the Dlrector (or

edltor, even though, as administra-

newspaper $as representing the

va-lls. Inof

1932 "Dears Milleradvisors to the Editorand Perigord ryere asked to act in the capaclty

of, the DaJ.ly Bnuln and his stafft' (aan, t+/t+/y), and 1n I93l+ "ll,Ir. Srlngle

was appotnted a Comlttee of One to strnak vlth the Edttor . . . regardiag

printing of quotations vlthout the consent of the parti.es quoted.tl

(aOr, ilze/lt+.) This arms-length pollcy ras breached later that year

rrhen "Some doubt ras expresoed as to the dependablllty of the recently

elected editor of the kily hlin" and Dn. Moore hLmself declded to

"i"nterviev the Edltor to cletermlne the Justification of thls eharge."

(aar,5l2B/3t+.)95. arrministrators found themselves in a dilerua. They needed a

way to reacb students wlth lqlortant notlces, and. they needed a uedium to

build an esBrlt de corps among the student body and facrrlty in order toreld together a f\rnctloning unit. fhey rrould have certalnly been sattsflecl

vlth that, but they got very rmrch more rith their student nevspaPer.

The admlalstratlon of the f1edgllng Southern Branch of the UnL-

verstty of Callfornla learned quickly hou lrportant a campus newspaper

could be" Tbe adn:inistrative staff dectded to establlsh an "OFFICIAf,S"

column ln Decenbet, LlZt, and Dlrector Moore rrrote Edltor Irvlng C. Kramer

to ask "if you cannot arrange tinJ;sf!. It vould be very helpfuJ. to our

riork. " (Arch, LZl5/23.\But the plan vas not successfirl. "Dr' hrell spoke of the attt-

tud.e of the Dally Bruln, its reluctanee to prlnt offlcial notlces and give

8I

fnrbliclty to ruatters of importance

"reciproclty,t' whereby The Bruta was made

" /SolutLonl A policy ofthe "offlcl,alrl nevspaper of

be coasideredthe Universlty--in vhleh alr offlclal alnouncement would

"suffictent notice" to a).l students. (aam, La/3/27.|

Slnce etudeat body membershlp vas voluntaryr this nas a big leap

forward for the Associated Stutlents, which cotrld thenceforth point out

that rnenberehip brorght vlth lt a subeeriptlon to the officlaJ- uoiversityrreflspaper. "Dally Brrrln ldade Offlcial Organ of Adninistratlon by Dn.

Moore" vas the banner headllne tn the issue of Octobet 5, L92.7.

Though The Dally Bruln carried "OFFICIAL NOSICEST" lt tras never

an officlal. nerspaper of the Unlverstty, sd disclalrers to that effectregularly appeared on the eclltorlaJ. pages'

Bqt adninistrators rere kept busy ansrrering the lnsistent com-

plaints by citlzens uho couldnrt understarrd hov a student newspaper eould

"get anray" uith sore of the things lhe Bruln undoubtetlly vas getting

avay with.The Janss Investment Corp., whieh subclivlded. the hllls around

UCIA lnto lucrative single-fanily hme sltee, for example, complained 1n

1927 about an erlitorlal in the "officlal Universlty publlcation" 1n vhlch

Janss nas crlticized for some of 1ts dealings rrith fraternities ancl

eororities. (ercrr, Box li6.)

Other complalnts rlere more far-ranging. Boscoe F. Allen, an

alunnus, nrote to Presldent Sproul in 193?:

lday I make some frank observations abqrt impresstonsof the U.C.I.A. campus as the general prrbllc get then,eaused, malnly, by the campus paper - The Bzreln? Un-favorable reaetion to . . rtdlcttle of the DABnot very veIL coneealed hand of Moscow 1n the rrrltlngs

8z

of sore of the "cavlar" colleglans . . . advertlslng ofstrlp daaees and black and tan hot spots in the Bnuln.

I belleve much of thls unhappy publi.ctty cottld betraced to members of the tiaadering Trlbes. Tkrese peopleare gettlng themselves hated by an lncreaslrg ntrnber ofreal Anerlcans. Slrls sound.s llke lntoleranee, but it lstbe truth. * (Arch, Box 118, Folder hO.)

President Sprou] rePlied:I rant you to knov that I agree heartlly rlth yorr

optnlon tha.t the student ne\{6paper qulte frequentlycreateE an unfavorable impresston the vay to meetthe sltuation ls not by force but by rlt. That xe aretrying to do, aad I thlnk yor nilJ- eee slgns of lmprove-ment in the not too dlstant future. (fUta.1 *'*

ftrree year6 later Presldent sprorrl vas still foreseelng

nent. He replied to a letter by !{alter B. Stafford, publlsher

Antloch Datly Ledger:

I agree utth you abort the unfortunate conduct ofIlberals and rorse upon the staffs of the undergraduatepublieatlons, but this ls a countrSnrlde phenorrenon, andI knorl of ao Unlversity that haa handled lt altqethersatiefactorlly . . thiE is merely a refleetloa of theAmerican 6cene, ln vhlch the radical has taken a mrchmore promlnent part. Horeover, te confldently expectto have otr sltuatlon even better ln hand shortly, vlth-out allenating the support of the najorlty of the students,a8 hartsh measurea vouLd be certain to do, lf ner dlfftcul-tles are not preelBltated from ortelde the eaellu6.(Rrcir, tsox 20Tr Folder IO5. )

inprove-of tbe

x Editor Roy Svanfeldt (f937-38) recalled The buln hacl a "visJ.blyJevLsh (eurd fa:rly nrunerotlc a.nd rell-placed) nlnority--algnlfj'cant inthose days vhen antt-Senltlsu rasart entlrely latentr md often naeeguated vlth antl-radicatism!" (questlonnalre, 19?0. )

** DE. Sproulrs first recorded oBlnlon of the Bnuln nas not compli-nentary etther. Uriting as Unlverelty Conrptroller Ln L927t he ea-l-leda BruLn article "falge and misleadlng fron the first rrord ln the headi'ngto the last lrord ln the last paragraph. " (Dickson, Box IB, Folder I5.,\/s/zB.

8:

On oCcaslon, hqrever, Presl.dent $proul Bprang to the defense of

his student edltors:Thank you for your interest in the editorlal columns

of the Datly kuln. As you lndLcate, the students do notalvays use the best Judgnent ln vhat they rrrlte. Hovever,1n the edltorlal clipping sent wlth yor.rl. Ietter of ldareh 2o/-TS\d, I do not ftncl anythlng to support your etaterentTnatlne r6Lter is a flfth columnist and eithqr a yeJ.)-ov _coward or a Comunlst. I happen to knory he fiack Hauptlir/is uone of the three, though he may be yotrng, smethatvorrled about the shatrn of the rorlcl is ln, and prone tospeak his mtnd atotrt it. (Rrch, tux 226, Fo1der l+0.)

Presldent Sproul gave serio,rs thought to the problens brorght

upon the Uaiverslty by rrhat he belleved r*ere the excesses of the Daily

Californlar and The Dally Bruln. I{e felt that nerspaper staffers should

not be pald (arch, Box 225, Fotder l+O), but there aeem6 to be no na1lce

ln his suggestlon, merely ignorance. He rrote Dean ltiller on l'tarch IO,

t thl:. I flnd nfself in a6reement vith /Student Body

President Jarnes Pf nevere and fAsslstant Controlleg/Denlng lilacliee aad in disagreement rlth !'f . Hauptll. Mr"Ilauptll's argunents for paytng staff heeds on the ASUCneyspaper and year book ie qutte as applleable to mernbersof the footba,Il team, for example. I belleve that, duringthe eeason, these ren slnnd far nore tlue on the aetivltythan does the edlton of the dally nerspaper, nor do theyholcl polltical jobs. FinallXr those vho make the Varsltyare the product of a vork-up system qutte as 11uch as etualentsln the fle1d of publlcatlons. I agree rlth yotr, of csurse,that lf anything is to be done, lt should be "broqght abogtthrough the proper channels of student self-government-"(Arch, Box 225, Folder 40.)

Ehe Dally ltruln fo.rncl favor rlth an arlmlnistrator on at least one

oceaston--nhen it publlshed a not-so-subtle parody of the "Haltr 'n' Eggs"

pensl.on plan facing Cali.fornla voters Ln 1938:

8l+

cAvr4R Ar{p cHAuPAe$E

The GBADE A PENSION PLAII (It's the Tops) proposes er]arpendrent to the proposed a"uendnent to the Constitutlonof the Unlted States of Callfornia to be kncrra as the1O-5O Plan, to pay Flfty Dollars per reek to everybodyin Callfornla vho 1s under the age of 50.

LITE EBGII{S AT ZERO

Non, sinee thlrty dollars per veek for pople overflfty vlIL create ride-spread prosperlty, rle proposeto glve flfty dol).ars a veek to lnop1e of thlrty tocreate stll} nore proaperlty

Heekly paynents rill be pald vith state warants(Grade A ilrtk Bottre Tops) (con, rc/rc/5l.)

Fronost Earle R. Hedrtck thought thts so arrustng that he sent

copies of ftre Bruinlg feature to rembers of the Los Angeles Cba"nber ofComerce, even ineluctirrg a eouple of bottle caps "vhich you may valldatelf you please, by lnscribtng yor name thereon and rrearlng lt on your

1a1n1. " (arcu, aox 1lrl. )lhls exar4rle could be used to prove, lf one rrere 60 minded, that

it vas not exactly the polltleal vlrginlty of Tlre Bnuln's feature page

that counted vlth admlnlotrators; lt rras the polltLcaJ. coloratlon thatvas all-lmportant.

Seldom dld UnLversity adminLstrators make direct threats toDal1y Bruln editors about ceneorshlp. One exceptlon took plaee ln0ctober, L939t nhen Fresldent Sproul's office narned Edltor Sanford J.Mock about controverslal artlcJ.es on the feature pege tlea.Ilag vith a

eotton-pickers' strike ln the San Joaguln Valley. Signlfleantly, per-

haps, the letter wa6 signetl not by Sproul but by George A. Pettlt, hisassistant.

BS

In vl.en of the contlnued editorial page col@nton the cotton-pichlng sltuation rhieh appears in theDaily Bruln, all J.acklng, as far as I can see, in anyeffort to present both sldes of rhat le a serlous problem,f believe you mlght ftnd foocl for thought in a lettervhlch I receatly sent to Edi"tor Bnormell of the DailyCallfornian

ftre Unlverslty of Californla }eaves to 1ts studentsthe question of vhat matters are to be cliscussed ln theLrdally papers. No question ls ralsed as to vhat the studentsnay conslder important enough to deeerve coment. In re-turn, they are expected to observe standards of deceneY ed,equally lmportant, they are expected to exerelse lntelligenceand good Judgneat. ft 1s expected that they vil} eonductthelr pal,ers so as to provlde factual lnformation upon vhlchstudent readers may base thelr ovn optnlons, rather thanthat they should eontlnually ptrblish propaganda on one sldeof a question. These exlmetatloas do not appear to ue un-reasonable . Do they to you? (arcfr, Box 158, FoJ"der ho. )

FinaILy, as !{or}d t{ar II crept inexorab}y closer, Presldent Sprou}

appeared to nake up hls nlnd ae to hls stand on student nevspalrers. He

nas provoked by the appeeraJrce of a,a edttorial, deal.ing with li{enorl.a1

Day, vhlch he found "dlstasteful."h.rt he aasnered a couptalnlng letter about the editorlal in

these Yord6:

The only ray to prevent young people fro'm maklng nlstalresof Judgment and good taste such as thls is to prevent themfrom nat<ing Judgneats, or fron rrriting about them. To placesuch restrtctlons nlght }ose the Universlty more throughlessening edueatlon by exlnrienee than re lose frcrm theoceaslona.I outbursts Becently I aeked the advtce ofmore thaa a thousand parents of Uninerslty stuclents vhetherI shouJ.d censor the stuclent paper and muzzle the stuclentsto evoid sueh irrraature cyniclsm, or lrhether I should q1'! owthem freedom to speak and to learn by experlence. The vote$a6 3 to 1 in fevor of aJ.J.orring freedom of expresslon lnsplte of the mlstakes. (nrcn, Box 226, Folder l+0.)

bo

Chapter B

IIIE MUII AT WAR

$nnday, December 7, Lgl+L, lIas a clear, sunny day ln Los Angeles--

the klnd of rieather that makes Easterners envious. It uas a 1azy, pre-

hotlday veekend. Moet of the Dally Bnuln staff rraa sleepLng late;partles had been nany the ntght before to celebrate underdog UCtA's

T-? football tle rlth the favored USC Trojans.

That eventng The Bnuin staff vas on the Job--the first night of

the uar--and easy-golng Editor lrtalcoln StelnJ-auf had torn ort the earlylayout for ?age One and replaeed lt rith a sol1d. pa6e of wlre copy and

photographs. Itre headline: "JAPAN DESIJARES wAB:"

Stelnlauf prt aslde the antl-draft, lsolatlonist tenor of the

pre-y{nr hnrln 1n an e<lltorlal entitledThe f1rre Has Cone

For the seeond time wtthln thlrty years the Unlted Statesis at rar. The crlsls and. natlonal emergency a.re over, re-placed by a more gruesolre and glgantic phase, that of UA&vlth aaother maJor rorld porer.

lhere rlas no reason for thle var, not that reasons areneeded theee tlays. flre Uni.ted Statee sorght to settle ltsdtfficr:.Ltles peacefully, na^king the basls for such peaee ecessation of Japanese emptre-grerrrth noveneatE 1n the Far East.Ehls basls rras unaceeptable to the Japaaese. ff they feelthat their treacherous attack and declaratlon v111 alter ourdenands, then let then. And J-et them also, feeJ. the fatalstlng oi an American declaratlon of rrar. (CBg, LzlS/l*.)

That Bruin appeared on a carpus vhere nornal claesroom activLtieehad almost stol4>ed.

8?

Entry into Har DisnrptsTenor of Canpus Llfe

The ehock of Amerlcars explostve entry lnto World War fIleft lts i.nprlnt on the entire catsInrs yesterday, and fromIGrckhoff EaJ.l to the Admlnl.stratlon bulldlng, aa atmosphereof tense excitement pervadecl the alr.

Students overflored Boyce Ha]I Aurlitorium, pourlng oathe stage and naestng tn the entrances to hear the Prestdentsc1n1y declare that a state of rrar exlstecl rith InpertalJape.n .

?tre reaetlon to the Presldent's s1reecb !ilas olre of definlteapproval, but no hysterl"ca-l emotloa vas evldent, and at notine clid the rocm resound rrith deafening applause. Severafcoeds, hoyever, qere vlsibly shaken to the point of tears(cos, tz/ght.)

Drlng the reot of the fall serester, ?:lr neu6 blanketed The

Btrlnrs front l,age. Edltors held the pages olnn until 3 a.n. to provlde

late-breaklng nevs for thelr readers; thelr dead1.lnes rere on a par rtththe raorning Tlres snfl Ex,rn{ner, rlth rhom The huln fe}t ltself ln cm-petltion. "If lt ras tn our area. re ranted to get lt flrst, I' recalled!.{anaglng Editor Bob Barsky. (Intervlev, I!rfO.) And the var vas definlte-ly ln the area of actlve stud.ent concern.

On the evening of Decenber )-O, the Student Councl.I gathered at the

hone of Dean of libn MlIIer for a eombined Chrlstnas party ancl councilneetlng. they rrere treated to the flrst blackout of the var. &rt they

had ttme before the lighte rent out to ask Edltor Steinlauf "to see thatthe Bnuln vas not devoted to yorld news coverage lnasmtreh as thls Ln-

fonnatlon could be obtatned in other papers, but that campus nevs corldnot." (sgc, La/Lo/t*,)

At the same tlne the Bnuin staff ras naking up lts flrst, Iastarrd onJ"y three-page nerspaper (a fir}l-sLze Page One and tro tablold slzepages on the reveree).

88

Due to the loss of tlne durlng last nLghtrs blackoutthe Daily Sruin today aptrEars in a form unique ln theannaJ-s of JornaJ.lsm--a three-page paper.

Linotype machlnes, prtnting presses, antl all otherequi.pment at the Hollyrood plant nere itmobilizecl forthe period of the blackout, lastlng approximately threerronri. (cps, tz/ttlt+t.l

Ttre rrar brought charrges to The Bruln. As men uere drafted or

en1lsted, uouen fll.3.ed their places--and all-rrooen edltorial- boards

(except for the sports edltor) becasre co&mon. On Jan. l+, t9l+3, ftre

Br:uia rrent to a tabloLd sLze, rrhlch lt nalntalned from then on, exeept

for a fev large-slze speclal issues, the last one prlnted on Jan. 1?,

191+?.

Ihe Navy ea,me to the caqrus wlth a V-12 cadet Brqra:u, and a

speeded gp three-semester-a-year plan vas begun. llhe ASUCLA grrchased

its flrst statton waSon to haul vonen staff rembers to and from the

kuln shop tn Holltrnrood.

A colun;r called "huln Batallion" 1las begun, featuring nevs of

servicemen. As early as l,trarehr 19hI, The Bnrln vas belng sent tn batehes

to Fort Ord and Fort Arthur for UCtA students on aetlve tluty. (SUC, 3lr/\L.\ftre paper clranged its frequency to three times a veek and lts nare to

"callfornia Bnrln" (.rdy, 1943).

It contlnued Ln its }lberal tradltion. It was a consLstent

defender of the rights of Itlsel students (lnclucllng Hltoshi Yoneuura,

who ras the head yeIL leader and a Student Councll menber), suddenly

restricted to their hores and then, just as suddenJ-y, hustled off to"relocatlon" ca,$p$. t'He rpre the oaly newspaper in tovn to take thatedltorial staadr" recalled Bob Barsky vith a touch of prtde. (tnter-Yien, 19fO)

89

. ours rrae the generatlon of students vhlch sarthe demise of Joe College; ve sar the BIue "g' li cemtrnrglandmark vhere the residence halls no*, stanQ! covered upulth dlrt 1ps a" alr-rald safety precautionJ' '..' andthe noticeF headed "Persons of Japaaese Aneestry" go upin the villages. lre satr the Universtty 3nlt away its toysand settle doYrl to vork. (Glorla Glrvea, associate editor,cB, Lol6/'+4.\

Editor Gloria Farquar's edltorial of l*darch 21, I9l+l+, vas singled

out by a judge of the Associated Collegtate Press for speelaJ- mentton

rrhen Ihe BruLn von aIl a-l1-Amerlean rating that semester:

COIOB BtII{D-?

An auto stlcker pasted consplcuously on the Chryslernext to ourr bus proclafured the ugly legend of nan'e ln-bunanity to man, breaklng the calnr of a ldarch afternoonrlth a dirty story on a plece of paper. A tale of lgnorance,unthiaklng hate, the bra.ud of the tinsel patrlot. It read"Iet's keep the Japs out of Callforoia.rf

Yet even as }le stared, vtth, adslltteally, sollE amountof scorn at the placid and unbrutlsh faee of the drtver,re couldn't help reaemberlng that in soue burnlng cornerof lta1y a "Japl in Arnerlcan khalti, hundreds of "Japs" lnfact, nere defending that driverrs right to thlnk and speakas he felt, to broadcast, lf he sar flt, hj"s hatreds onllllshlre Boulevard.

ft vas one of those shlning Callfornla days, but allthe luster and glow seemed to leave the afternoon underthe sullen impaet of that.Itttle sign.(cl-orta Farquar, cB, 3/2L/l+\.')

Patrlotism vas back ln fashLon.

Every afternoon ".* .rffiroglsts ta^ke dovn theflag. l,thile they are engaged in the simple ceremony, anJrpasser-by should, <vtrt of respect to the fla€, pause and valtuntl} 1t has been brought ciotrn. ' - Certalnly that ls nottoo much tirae for any of us to devote for our flag and orrcountry. (cn, t/28/t+1.)

llhe r+ar brouht sonething else to the ucLA ca.Elnrs, too--a re-

sr.rgent lnterest in social evento, ln dovnrlght lighthearted frlvollty

90

that e<ruld nash away the thoughta and fears of ever-present Yar. "I thlnk

people needed a lot of entertalnment at thls tlmer" srote llilliam C.

Ackernan (l969, p. 52\. fhe Bruln'g ai:. of "professionallsm" began toyane. SmaIIer staffs and snal"J-er papers nay hane been the cause. Cover-

age of campus aetlvities lessened. But humor seemed to be in as much

demand as ever, arrd tbe "l,{ents Pages" (pale reflections of lOng-ago

HeI]-ts Bells editlons) appeared regtrlarly.One of the bien's Pages raised a mckus tha,t reverberated acroas

the natlon.The page rcas headed t'Llbera1s vs. Conservatives. t' Ha1f of lt uas

prtnteil upside donrr. LiberaJ-s ilere panned as unmerelftrlly as con6erv&-

tlves. Brt rrhen State Sen" Jack B. flenney got holtl of a copy, he seized

upon a headllne that proclaimed "sex Ltke hink of llater, Says hrndit.""Conserrratives are sexra-lly frrrstrated, " the artlcLe r*ent on. "If they

vogld recggnize the lmportance of sex they rould become klnd and decent."

Irenney ras investi.gating a l.Iriters' Congress belng planned for UCI"A, and

he had Dr. Gordon S. llatkLns of the UCLA adnlnlstratlve com:ittee, oa the

stand. Ibnaey refemed to the artlcle as an I'edttorial" and asked Dr.

tlatklns lf that rrae what ras uea"nt by "academtc freedm" at UCLA. (COn,

z/al/\8.)That rasn't the end of it" Another article included thls para-

graph:

. I survelred one gae statlon to see hotr the gas vaspurchased. It vas a vhtte and blue affair (no recls here)whleh sBorted tro slgns! "t&ratts good for buslness ls goodfor yout'aad tto.P.A. on Yorr." Upon coning cloger I saw vhatthe Republicans rlere using for coupons. "C" tlckets * had

* Speclal ratlon coupons a}Ioring extra gasoli.ne for notorl.ats.

91

been cleverly printed in the ad sectlon, McCo:mLck strncia-Ledition of the Chtcago lPrlbune. Sinee only antt-adntni.stra-tion readers aecept the paperr the govrt hacl not found orrtabout thls. (cr, g/n/bS.)

Itris brorght a telegrarn to h. Bobert Gordon $proul fron the

unsnillqg Los AngeIeE correspoadent of the Chlcago I?lbune vho denanded

to knov "the nane of the person nho slgned (the) . . aasertion thatI?lbune printcd tCt gasoline cotrpons . . . tribune wtshes backgranncl

of these r*rlters, iacluding thelr age, farmtly, records, 1f any, and

aLso vhere the Brula got any euch inforratton that it had prtnteil rC'

coupons ln lts aclvertlslng colunns." (Arch, Box 282, FolAer l+O.)

The Nash-IGlvlnator Conpany nas al.eo parodled, but no orre seered

to take offense at thls ta.ke-off of the "lnstltutlona-1" nagazl-ne adver-

tlstng naay of the large flms flere ruilling during the var for lack ofany productlon goode to sell:

I'+ on the spo! . .

I had a strange, choklng feellng in ny throat .

Here I arn ratchlng those Focke-tlolfes at tso orcJ.ockand those Messerschmltts llning up at tvelve orcLock areready to peel off and go by .

Hone . rhere I have freedom of cholce, can eatcoro, grits or steal$, sleep under a bridge or Ln a pent-houae

The walst guruer ls olrnlng up

Home . Oh, God donrt let then ehange tt . .vhere Z/3 ot the natlon is rreJ.l-fecl and riell-clothed

. donrt Iet them ebange the eorner dnrg-store (thisls a subtle clig at the l{ev DeaI, vhlch has sbot the cornerdrtrg store to heIL).

I)ontt ].et then bring in any isrus --- corrrrmnism orfas --- ve).J., no cortrrunlsm, anlmay . . . Ttrat rs rhy I tmflghting thls var . . . Keep lt that vay tlII I eomebackl (resu-luswffAron AuERTrsEl,rEr[r) (cs, gl ar:lt+5.)

Editor Adele l}ruttt threr up her fLgurative hands in despair and

tried to explaln"

. Strictly hunor, satlre, and coU-eglate rlgamarole,the lrlenrs Page is a carpUg "tee-bee" vhlch cones out oncein a blue moon (tue color ls blue, Senator). ' ' ' llheCallfofnia Bruln vlIL attempt to cover as nany of the senlnarsof tfre confelfiEe as lt ls able. It rylll endeavor to bring tothe campus prblic, anrl to Mr, Tenney, since he reads us soavidly, the context of the probLems eonfrontlng rrriterE lnrartlme a:rd durlng post-war readjustment, and the ansvers tothose problems as-dlecussed among the professionals. (CA,g/zt/\t.)

From then on, the relatlon betrreen The Bnuln and various leglsla-

tlve conmittees investlgating Comtrnism at UCLA vas not a friendly one.

firat particutar lssue of Sept. 20, L9\3, also coupmrnded sus-

plclon of 1rhe Bnuln through an advertisement for a leeture in Los Angeles

by !.ilss Celeste Strack, the sa.ue Corununj-st Party member rrho had been

sugpended by Dr.. Ernest Camolt Moore ten years earlier. DeaJt !'IlILer

nrote Dr. Sprorrt that he had dlscussed both the lbnrs Pege ancl the ad-

vertlsement "the folloslng day vith the Dally Br-ul-n staff ."

I am aleo taklng tt up vith the Aseoclated StudentsrCogn*il and I belleve that te can Hork ogt a plan vherebylre can prevent this sort of thlng happenlng agaln' Ihane iu mlnd arrangenents vhich will call for drastlcdlsctp}inary action agalnst the individuals lnvol'vedand . . . narning each new staff . . . of the lnnal'ttesuhicb nay be in store for sueh aetlons. (arcn, Box 282tFoliler l+o, sept. 23, I9h3.)

DespLte lectrrres and edueatlonal aetivities by the Comnunlst

Party asoqE UCIA students, there vas a. decl"decl lessentng of radica.l-

actj.vitles dgrLng the nar on the l{estwood eenpus. In fact, FlIe FoLder

1O5 of, the Adminlstrative records (tnonr usually as the "Red FiIe" or

the "subverslne Actlvlties Fi.le"), orallnarlly stuffed vith a ragba8 of

mLmeographed strlke ca1ls, radical nevspapers arrd letters about suspected

9t

Cornmtrnistg, \.as completely empty for the year6 l9l+2 ancl I9\3. (arch, Boxes

256 artd 289.')

Stlll, the Unlverslty YMCA, Just across the street fron the UCLA

carnpus, vas a problen. For a long time lt hacl allorrcd controverslalgroups to use 1ts faelllties. In that era, Regulatlon lf--which bamed

use of Untverstty factlitles by rellgious or polltlcal groups--yas ineffeet. The Student Council ordered Itre Bnuln not to glve nevs or ad-

vertislng space to these groups, but they vere aLloned to "recelve

publlctty at the dlscretion of the edltorlal boa^rd." (SnC, l/Zl+l$ ana

rcle/t+S.l Later, at the request of the YMCA, vorrled about lts inage,

The kuln agreed to use only the Y's acldress, 57l+ Hfl.gard Avenue.

llhe war and its resultlng upheavals falled to prt an end to the

blekerlng betneen the Stuclent Corncll ancl [tre Bnrln. fhe nerspaperts

editorlal nominees rere generally approved by the Councl1, but onlyafter tlme-consudng debate and controversy. In early L9l+5, honever,

Just about the tlne the l,larlnes nere gatherlng for their assault on

Iwo Jine and the Big Three rere preparlng for the Yalta Confereace,

student leaders--trtth at least the moral backlng of the Unlverslty ad-

minlstratton--vere laying plans to unseat The hruln editorial staff and

replace it vtth an entlre nev slate. fhey aJ-most succeeded.

A vord, flrst, a.bout the fanous &rrln "slate. "

In the early days of The Barrtn, outgoing edltors rould nomlnate

their succeesore--usually the nanaging editor vtth rhom they worked.

Seemingly, lt ras an autocratic method of successlon, modtfled onJ.y by

the fact that the nontnees had to go through Publlcations Board and

Student Councll scrutlny before belng confirmed. As the 3rears passed,

914

Editorial Boards began to meke the nomination of their succeasors, and

by the 19\0s the entire Bruln upper staff--those lrith experience rcn the

paper--vere gathered together to choose a slate they would present to

Publicatlons Board for eventual approval by the Council.

Edltor Josephine Roeenfield described a higirly idealized version

of the "6l&te" in 1943.

By an ancj"ent but unvritten larl desk editors and nighteditore gather vith staff heads at the close of each seltea-ter and . ballot secretly for "the right pego in theright holes. . ." (SgC) according to a rell-knovn principleof administrative devolution formally intervievs the candi-dates, end lf it flnds no evldence of fraud, accepts therecoumendatlons. . Thls is the applieation of theprinctple that an over-a}l pollcy-maklng body delegatesadministrative responsi"bllity and merely acts as a highcourt of review. (cn, >/tz/\1.)

The fact that SEC vas a "hlgh court of reviev" Has a completely

unreallstie assessment of the situation.But Edltor Charlotte iC.eln set dovn the next year the most thorough

rationaJ-e for the Bruin "slate" system ever rrrltten. The meetlng she

describes vas a quiet one; perhaps it, too, vas i"dealized; but it surnmed

up the nay Bnuin staffers felt for a long tfune about the democraey they

had fashioned on "thelr" neryBpaper.

SCSM: BRUIN OFFICE

The door to the Edltor's offlce flas open.

She sat at her desk natchirg the glass vindor of thedoor as it reflected a busy scene in the outer offlce. Theglass fla.s an interestlng mirror. Reporters crouched earn-estly over their ttr4rvrlters; the night and desk editorsof the day sat bent over copy on the blg horsehoe desk;the rest vas motley color as people rushed here and thereto get their assignrents, intervlev, talk vlth the ma,nag-lng editor, the buslness mana{Ier for the next dayts ads.

9c.

I'he distant echo of Royee chlmes filtered into thenolsy office. ?hree o'clock. "H"y, gangr neeting. Comeon, everyone.t' Chairs scraped and dragged across the floor.llhe edltor sav the routlne of the q.rter offlce break upqulekJ-y as the Bruin staff moved anxiously torrard the olnndoor.

"It's that tlme agaln." The editor faeed her staff inthe crorded offlce. "We are here to ehoose the edltors ofthe Callfornia Bruin for next term."

First, each present editor told the serious group uhathis positlon entailed, nhat the quallficatlons are, vhatcharacterj.stics are needed to ftrlflll the Job. The list ofstaff rernbers eligible for edltorlal posts vere named; allthose uho had ettalned at least the posltion of night edltorrere lncluded.

One at a time, those ellglble left the room whlle therernainlng staff nembers dlscussed objeetlvely each one 1nterme of every post--brlrglng to vieu the experience, eap-abillty, and seniorlty of each.

Ag each candidate returned to the neeting he vas askedto pledge his best ability to the job the staff rorldelect him to, to promise that as far as posslble nothingvoul-d interfere vlth his responsibiHties as an editor"

tihen alJ- nembers vere present a vote by seeret ballotvas taken of aII but the chairman of the rneeting, theeditor. After three members cotrnted the bal}ots, the staffvas once more ealled into the editorrs office to hear theresults.

fn the o1d days it vas dlfferent. The edltorial boardnade up the Bnuin slate, The other members never had avoice 1a the seleetion. But in the past fer years a eoopera-tive outlook has penetrated the staff; they felt and knerrthet the policy of the Oallfornia kuin ls set by everyrember of the staff . They kner that eomplete confidencein the editors vould mean a happler and more suceessfu]staff relationship and ultlmately a better carlma paper.

Each pereon nho ras present at the meetlng coulcl offerfirst hand accounts of those up for hlgher posts. Thosepresent had vorkecl vlth each one, they knev eaeh one rscapabllltles, ldeas, characterlstics. The staff knev nhatan edltorrs duties are; they knew what ls expected of thoselrho are chosen. Only those nho had proved themselves de-served to take oner edttorLaJ- responsibilities, and onlythose vho had proved themselvee rere chosen.

96

Each staff member nae gatisfied rith the hui-n ballot.He pledgecl hls support to those he had selected; pledgedhis loyalty. Each candidate felt the confldence of theetaff, felt the responslbility vested in him.

Wlth a clear mi.nd the editor gathered up the nanes topresent at trubli.catlons board meeting, and after pesssSethere, to present as recounendations to the Student Exeeu-tive Council.

The staff returned once agatn to the busy routlne ofputtir{g otrt the next dayrs htin. The typerrlters whlrredunder the rampant touch of earnest reporters. fhe horse-shoe desk rras erqrded once agaln and llttered vith etorl.esln eopy form. Ttre motley color returned. After clearlngoff her desk, the eclltor folcled the lmportant slate i"ntoher notebook, gathered up her books and moved out of herroom.

The door to the Edltor's offlee r*as closed. (CB, 2/l+/\\.)

In gome vays the ktrln "B1ate" system ras ahead of lts tlme. Itvas a precursor of "particlpatory democraey," a phrase so beloved by

todayrs radical monement. hrt Lt rras a democracy nith a structure and

rules of procedure, not at al-l J-lke the anarchte maunderings of today'e

student Left. In many reslncts The kuinre attLtude tcnrard lts organlc

selnrateness, its sonewhat aloof posltlon outslde the nalnstrea,m ofstudent goyernnent, was a forerunner of the philosophy of llench Journa-

Ilsts about the separation of thelr edttorial Judgnent frqt that of the

official oyrters of thelr nenspaper. This Ls a rising trend not only inErance but 1n Germany as vell, and recently the problen has been diE-

cussed 1n the American trade press: Horr to safeguard edltorial lnde-

lnndence ln the face of controls lmposed by big-businessnan snners of

neyspaper ehalns and televlsion netvorks?

Glven the sympathetic support of an understandlng UnlversltyadmialstratLon, such a "separatiet" phllosophy night have rrorked better

9T

than 1t dld. As It vas, the "slate" system struggled along for at least

1) years, misunderstood by the Adrnt,nistration and mLstrustetl by student

goverrurpnt, but eapable of producing outstancting student editors and

Ieaders.

The liberalism of The Br.rln continued to be met vith oppoeltion

fron conservative Unlversi"ty admlnlstrators. Dean EarI J. ldlller,commenti.ng on an error ln The &rrin, nemord President Sproul plaln-

tivety! "I soretlnes thlnk re vould be better off n'ithout a college

nevspatrEr." (arcn, Box 282, Forder l+o, Feb, L5t 19L3.)

president SpnorJ. had nade up his mlnd as to hle attltude touarcl

the eollege press (eee Chapter ?), and he reiteratecl that he believed

Ln "laLssez-fafre . under whlch I have given the students freedom

but have held them to strlct aecountablllty." (Arch, Box 3O3, Folder

ho, Aprll 8, fgl+l+.)

He rras opposed ln this by sorne of the deans, 1nc1ud1r8 Dn.

Gordon S. Watkins, head of the administratlve coramLttee that governed

UCLA from S-91+Z to ].9l+t after the retirement of Provost Ear1e S. Hedrick.

(ereu, Box 282, Folder l+o, oct. 25, I9l+3.)

For the first tlme, it nas auggested on an official J.evel that

a Departnent of Joqrnalism be set up to act as a guide for The b.tlyBnrln. Sproul rePlied:

I cannot see that the situatlon ln universities sherethere are Departlrents of Jolrnallsm Le arry betterProfeesors, as you shoutd know from exp'erience vlth soneof ours, are hardly more tactfirl thaa students ln mattersguch as ttre edltorla^I . . 15" questlog/ . . if youhave a Departrent of Journallem, the lnstitution isresponslble for vhatever ls ptrbltshed. As lt f"s now, rleare abused for lnadequate control of our studente, but veare not held firJ-J-y responsible for vhat they say. How-ever . I have thls vhole buslness of the student neffs-

98

papere under serlqrs consLderation at the present tlne andnay shortly hold a conferenee about lt. (arcn, Box 282,Folder l+0, Dee. L6, 19b3.)

The largest tovn-govn controversy during the nartime Jrears, one

rhose eehoes lasted far into the postwar period, took place when The

Bntln began coverlng ners and mttlng edi.torlals about racial dls-crtnlnation in Westrrood.

opR soUl{.

In times rrhen the rest of the rrorld ls slonly arraken-ing to the fact that modern society can tolerate no dlvl-sLon of lts renbers into naster and Lnferlor classes, it1s sonevhat difflc'trlt to understand how Hestuood ean con-

:t:: with its disgusti.ng pollcy of raclal cltscrlminatlon.

Recently brought to llght has been the case of the Negrovs. Westwood barbers. That Negro Narry and civilLan studentsare refirsed servlce 1s nos common knorledge. But horr manyreallze the seope of thls cllscriminatlon?

For exanple, members of any exeept the Caucaslan raeeare absolutely forbldden to orrn homes ln Westvood. Restric-tlon even expandlrg to excluding all non-gentiles, thuskeeplng out Jews as neII as Negroee, Chinese, etc.

This eharmlng system ls kept lntact simply by lnsertlrga covenant in the deecl to each home as soon as it ls bul}t.Succeeding resldents nust ablde by such restrictlons as longas other prop,erty orners vote tn favor of excludfu€ such"uncleslrables" aB nay wtsh to ovn a hone in Westvood.

. one of the mal.t shops, depending, incldental.ly,upon Bruin patrona4e to a large extent, has qulte an arbltraryvay of passing up Negroes untll they }eave rrithout belqgserved.

A11 these cases are just examples of vldespnead racLsmfound al-l through the pattern of Westnood llfe. There is,horever, no dlsease vlthout a cure and the cure 1n thislnstance is rlght on camlms"

l{estvood bustnessmen's dependence upon the Universlty lssuch that they are vide open to many forms of aetlon studentsare able to take " Speclflcally, patronage of the one shopvhlch bas expressed vllllngnees to accept Negroes would soonforce the others lnto line, rere \te ree.lly to settle downand a.ttaeh thls Broblem.

9<)

Simllar treatrnent of other dlscrlminatlng establlshmentscou-Id lead to totaL aboJ-ltlon of VJ"llage raelsm. God knoveitts north working for. (n*f Stout, CB, g/t>/ht+.)

"fhe artlcles in the Barrin eontainrdi"sstaterxentsrt' rnrote Dn.

Charles H. Ti.tus, of the politleal sclenee departnent, ln a eonfidential

memo to Dn. Sproul. He added thatthe general reactton in the Vl11age . ls that the Vl}lagevas not hurt arrl vill not be hurt by sueh articles . butthat the Universlty of Callfornl-a at Los Angeles 1s the onethat has suffered . . on the surface there ls nothlng foryou to do. fhe less sald by the Unlversity the better. BlltAekerman ls worklng on the Bruin leadershlp and holns thatthey rill turn their attentlon to conetructlne problens. Inthe background, ne etlJ.l face the question of eLther takingover the Brul"n as a laboratory for a Department of Journalismor of a,bolishing the student patrnr before rre get into the post-var p,eriocl of left-iling youngsters flghttng returning veteransthrough the lnstrrrmentallties of the campus palnrs.* (Arch,Box 1O!, Folder l+O, Sept. L9r I9l+4.)

Attesting to hls serious vter of the sltuatlon, Dn. Titus proposed

raiding his onn budget to pay for a Journalism professorts salary (fUfa.),surely the first tire that one UniversLty professor had proposed nl.cking

hls ovn department on behaJ-f of anotherl

Dean Mlller was also lncensed about The Bnulnrs editorlal stand

and the resulting firror " "Our Comutrnlst studente vho are members of the

American Youth for Demoeracy have been worklng harcl recently to find an

lssue on which to agltate and reemlt members, " he said in a nemo toPresident Sproul shortly after students began passJ.ng petttlons askirlg

the Student Council to express its opposltlon to the al-leged discriml"na-

tlon ln the Village. Miller toJ.d Sproul he vould put a notLce 1n the

kuin reiteratlng the Universlty's regulatl"on against elrculatirg any

x What aetually happened after the var rlas that returnlng liberalveterans on Tlre huin began fightlng right-mi"ng fraternity youngstersr*ho had not been to rrar at aIL i

I00

t'poster, handblIl, newspalnr, nagazine or pa.nphlet" on the canprs. He

asked permlssion to include the vord "1rt1tlon, " because "the ctrcula-tion of a so-called petitton can provide the radlcal.s vith a very

innocent and effective reans of procedure. " (Arch, Box 10!, Folder lro,

$ept. 23, I9i+L. ) after consultlng rrith Unlnersity attorneys, Dr. Sproul

denied the request, and Dean l4lJ-ler's staterrent appeared ln llae Bruin

of Sept. 2J, I9h4, rlthout the proscrlptlon agalnst petiti.oning.

Dlssatlsfa.ction rrlth fhe Bnuin over these lncidents boiled toa pealr when Sports Editor B1I1 Stort, who is now a rriilely known tele-vlsion nevsman, dared to dlsctrss the reslgnatlon of the UCLA footbal.J.

coaeh, Babe Horrell, ln }ess than flatterlng terms.

IN fHE TOCKER n90M

vith BilI Stotrt

Babe Horre}lrs aII too long reign as head coach of the&rrin football machlne care to an antiellmactlc end yester-day afternoon .

Here on campus, the players themselves are lrrhaps themost antl-Horrell of any group. For example, many of thelten on the aquad calJ. HorrelJ. "High School Harry, " a not-so-subtle nay of castlng dark asperslons upon the Babe'scoachtng ablllties. (CB, Ll5/\5.)

It vas tlrp for a change, student body president Robert Jaffiedeclded. llorklng cautlously and thororghlX, he began gathering evldence

for an action he felt rould rlcl the ca.mpus of the radlcal tenor of Ttre

DaILy Bnuln. First, he made a survey of the crrb reporters who had

signed up at the beginnlng of the term to rrite for fhe hnrl.n. He com-

ptled an lmpressl"ve set of docurents that seerned to lndleate that onJ-y

slx of I22 persons vho "started rf,ork" on The kuin that fal"I xere sti1-}vith the paper. His flgures shorred that 37 had quit beeause "they dldntt

10I

feel they irad the tlner " 9 because of a "bad, unfrlenclly, rude attl-tude, tt 13 beeause of "nolse" and "hectic, dlsorganlzed" condltlons,

ll because they "didnrt llke the peopler" I0 because of "no work, no

chance to rrrite, felt llke texcess ba{tgage, t" IO because of the "bad

Ianguage used, general disagreeable atmospherer " Ih because of "toonuch putl needed, hard to break lnto cl5.que nrnning thingsl' and 1l be-

cauae they had to use a "forced Bnrln style nhlch they felt uas ln-ferior, or rasntt sure exactly vhat lt lras.rl

Some of the conments he gained flom these dropout reportersflere: "The cub edltor vas about the only one rrho spoke to 1re."t'Ib1ked dirty.t' rrBad atmosphere." "Badlca} group"" "Ir"o, the huinstyle, forget any other." "I had to take off my sorority pin rhen Irrent into the offLee. " t'flrey push you into a corner and forget about

you. tt

Next, Jaffie nrote letters to selected offtctals asklng thelroplnlon of The huln. LlbrarJ.an tasrence Clark Powell replled thatt'In the seven years f hane been here ne have never had any adequate

neu6 co\rerage of library activlties." Assistant Dean of Students

Barney Atklnson suggestecl thatln the firture the Student CouncLl thoroughly investl-gate not only the jotrrnallstic qualitles but thegeneral ethicaJ- baelr,ground of aII applicants .Judlcious selection of staff, and a fearless pollcy ofremoval of those staff members rrho violate thelr ovnrather broad poJ-icy, v111 do m.rch . . " to correcttbls abuse . The absolutely intolerable arttcle re lilr.HorreII ls a case in polnt (SgC, :.lll,/t+>.)Thlrd, the student body president presented a slate of four

candldates for key edltorial posltlons, aJ-l of nhom had had journallsticextrrerience in a Junlor eollege or hlgh school. After lengthy debate,

LOz

the Jaffie slate was reJectett by the Student Council on an B-7 vote.

It was a close cal-l for The Dally Bnrin. htt only a fev years 1-ater,

the Council roulcl succeed ln its oft-expressed goal of pitehing out

the "radLcals" from the Snuln staff'The University Admlnlstration had supported the Jaffie slate,

countlng on i"ts ultlmate vLctory. Dearr of Undergraduates Hiller wrote

Presldent Sprou1 thatfno of the glrls on the Cotrneil rho had prevlouslyindicatecl their nlllingness to support Bob Jaffiersprogram changed their votes at the last minutethLs leaves l&. Jaffle, and af,I of us rrho supportedhl-s slate, in an unfortunate sltuatton vlth regardto our relatlons wlth the lneoning staff. I havehopes, hmever, that the affalr as a nhole vlIL havesome beneficlal results 1n connectlon rrlth the generalcharacter of the paper. (Arch, Box 327r Fotder 40.)

?here vas, indeed, one beneflcla-l result. The Bruin and Publlca-

tions Board began keeptng track of the orbs rrho slgned up for trainl.ng,

the better to refirte such charges as Jaffle had leve1ed. Regarcllng the

semegter for rhich Jaffle had gathered his flgures, Publieations Board

reported that I2O cubs had slgned up for the three teeks of classes,

and 35 (not 6) $ere promoted to apprentice reporter. "For the most part,

reporters rho falled to be promoted after completlon of cub classes qultTkre Fuln." (sec, zlt6lt+5.)

Still, the charges of clannishness, unfriendly attitude and

office confuston contlrmed to haunt The BruLn for a decade. Tkrere nas

undoubtedly sone truth ln them, gererallzattons tal<en from slnclflcocgurrenceB.

lllth The Brrrln slate approved, Editor Helene Licht took the

opportunity to rrrite a series of contro:rerstal editorials attacklng

103

the theretofore sacrosanct Unlversity Reltgious Conference, rrhich she

charged had "fraunted rerlgion ln the face of the students, ma.klng them

spout tbe ideals of rellglous tolerance., md then turned around and

practlced Just the opposlte." (CA, Z/6/t+5.)

Again, Presldent Sprou1 reeeived the inevttable klckback--a letterfrom the Conferenee board chairnan protesting the attack. Dr. Sproul

replied, nith eonsiclerable understaternent, " . it ls talrlng longer

to correct this eril than I had anticipated." (Arch, Box !21, Fo1d.er h0,

Feb. 9, L9\5.)Meannhile, fhe h:uin eonttrnred to pubIlsh. On April 13, I9l+5,

lts banner headline read "NATIo!{ }CItRlls BooffivELT.'' And on May 9, L9\5,

"NazLg Slgn Peace Tlemrs. t'

FlnaILy, on August LT, L9l+5, it published a firll-slze, elght-column "V-.f Day Comemoratlon Edltlon" includlng tvo plcture pages ofthe htstory of the nar. The }ead story: t'&nperor Issues Cease FiringOrder; Pleads Surrender Tj"ne &(tenslon." On the Lnslde, the campus

reaction:Slren Wal1 Jolts Brulnslnto V-J Demonstration

by Anne Sternh:JO p.m., fbesday, August fl+, f9l+5.

Across the sun-drenched, sllghtly sleepy campus, aroaethe raiJ. of the atr rald sirena, l"nstalled atop the physlcsbulldtng, Ttrey screeched out the "all c1ear" signal, thesound su,elllng into a crescendo of discordant notes, toproclaim to the Unlversity that an "aJ-J. eleatr" had soundedfor the entlre vorld. .

Late campus habltuees came pourlng out of the library,labs, late classes. Ttre crorrds assenbled around the radlosin K.H" 2OO and K.H. 2L2 grer, drinking ln every nord of

roh

President [?trman's and Prine t4inister Attleers ressEIesannounctng the uneond.ttional surrender of Nippon . .

lhe Unlversity band, routed from a rehearsal sessl.onby the rorld-shaklng developrrent, launched lnto a spon-taneous concert of patrlotlc and UniversLty songs on the]avn in front of the gyn.

lrh.ny tears rere openly or unnotlcedly vlped arrayduring the first reallzatlon that peace vas flnally re-turni4g to a norld that had been constantly threatenedby totalltarlan aggresston since Japan's invaslon ofl.lanchurLa in 1931, and that rren Ln the services rlerecoming home, safe . . (ca, Bltlll+5.|

And Edltor fiannah Bloon proelaimed ln her edltoriaJ-:

This is the post-rrar vorld . They have glvenus the begi.nnlng. He mrst take it fron here.

lC5

Chapter $TIIE }dMH OF TIIE PEOPT,EIS BBUIN

fn 1937, a young lta:nre}l Rafferty prt hls nimble fingers tothe typerrrlter and, displaylng the talent for barbed invectlve he nas

to use to such great advantage a quarter century later as a politlelan-sum-educator, rrrote a protest agalnst "Red editorlals" in The Dalty

kuin.llhat gane Rafferty's cmrp).alnt added ptquancy vas the faet that

the Los Angeles ?lmes used the letter for a J.ead story on the front page

of the second sectlon:

Bnuins AssallDaily as Red

RadlcaJ- Edltorials itur!.StantlLng of U.C.L.A..Undergraduates Charge

hotests against "Bed editorlals': ln the DaILy Bnutn. rlere registered yesterday by a group of students vho

expressed objections to "blased news storles and eclitor-LaJ.s tt

Descrlbing the Daily kuin as one of the most prejudicednewspapers on the Paclfic Coast, Maxrlell Rafferty, one ofthose vho signed the letter, said:

'Then ve U.C.L.A. students get out of school rre are con-fronted by employers rrho don't like us because $e come 'fromthat red school.' Ttrls radicalism Ls not so ftrnny lf tt keepsyou from getttrig a Jobt'

fhe letter of protest, " sr.lggestea /Tfrat Edltor Stanleg/Rubin "change the paperrs prtnt to crimson and renare lt theDatly l{amner and Sickle." (r,lE, l/zl/St.)

ro5

Thus began the myLh that rlas to plague fhe kuLn and lts stafffor many years. ft began in the mlnd of a conservatLve and r,u:as nurtured

in press and--qulte ltterally--ln pulplt. fhe myth acquired a llfe ofLts orrn, helped along by fhe Brulnrs liberalism and the young, idealf"s-

tic bent of lts edltors. tlhat 1s surprising ls that it was al.so helped

along by offtcia-Ls at the very peak of admlnlstrative power at UCLA--

those who, presr.rmably, holnd to nlntmize attacks on the Unlversity'sacademic structure by deflecting them towartl a varylng nunber of Comu-

nists on Elre Brrrln staff and elsevhere. Ihe pattern of conservatlve

vlreing-with-a-larm and nedia publlclty relmated itself contlnuaJ-ly and,

after the rar, it vas relnforced by the rlse of a national madness,

McCarthyism.

Worlcl War fI spured the grorrbh of youthfirl llberalism" Ameri-

can armLes in the field a6a5"nst Fascism and a Ner DeaJ. president in the

llhlte House flashed a green light for pro-labor, antl-raclst, pro-Soviet

feellng aJ.l orer the country. Brt the end of the war brought a reflrr-genee j"n conservatlve forces; even before Sen. Joseph R. McCarthy

app,eared on the seence, Russiats occupatlon of Eastern Europe and the

overthrow of Chiang Kat-Shek by huge Communist arrmles rrere the excuses

for repression of liberal ideas in the Unlted States.

One of the rreapons for these forces--since actual violationsof esplonage or sedltlon lans could rarely be found--rns the legi"sla-tlve lnvestigative comnittee. In Ca]lfornla, the prinelpal anti-Comnrnlst

lnveetigatlng body ras the Senate Comnittee on Un-American Actlvl.ties,headed by Jack V. ftenney, a Retrubllean vho, in those days before the

Supreme Courtts "one man, one votet' decislon, ras Los Angeles County's

ro7

only State Senator. Belyirg on votes from conservattve Los Angeles

residents, he took an early interegt ln }ibera-L acti"vity at ucLA.

Ilenney and the other investigators were dangerous rnen. Cloaked

ln leglslatlve lmnunlty, theyeould, and did, make the vlrdest charges

about lnclivlduals in alr wa^Iks of life, slanderlrg then grievously and,

often, rulning their llnes.At the beglnnlng, thelr teehniques uere not perfected. The

I9l+3 Ienney Conrrittee hearlng lnto the UCLA Writer's Congress produced

more a.uruserent than dlscomfort--attaeking a caJtrpus newspaperr8 lten,sPage was like attacking the rritlng on an outhouse fla}l. rt vas onlyrater that the lnvestigators learned hon to play t'cooperatj"ne" vit-nesses against t'uncooperative, ones, horr to bulry and bait and rag and

sneer, how to play the neuspaper deadlines and the columnl"sts' bylines.hrt even i.n 191+3 sen. fbnney took the oceasion to attack rhe

&uln vlgorously using a phrase that recalled l,laxrrcJ.I. Raffertyrs com-

uent in L937. "rt seems to re, " trenney said on sept. a7 of that year,"that lt reads in maay cases llke the peopre's Dairy worrd." (trre westCoast Comumnlst nevspaper) .

In 1!l+5, The Bruin again figured ln a leglslatlve conmitteehearing and, once more, the downtown press linked the nerrspaper throqghinnuendo to Cowrunist influences. Tkre taw and Order Subeomm:ittee ofthe Assembly Ooverrurental Operations Corumittee held hearings in Nonember

lnto the part prayecl by ucLA students on picket ]ines ln the llarnerkothers film strlke in Errbank--a strlke that many conservatives feltvas eaused by Comrunlst agitators.

108

The Los lngeles fimes sald:

U"C.L,A. ManSrfleg. StrlkeJnquiry Group

A 2h-year-old student at the Los Angeles carnlms of theUnlversity of Californla boldLy defied the State teglsla-ture rs cosmuittee that is lnvestlgatlng the lart' and orderbrealcdown tlr:rlng the filn strike rlots

(;oirn n.) feterson satd he eame here from Sacrarentoand ls a t'feature rrriter" on the kuln . . . IIe sald he

. ras assigned by the Bruln mansSement to rrlte aboutthe strike.

He admltted, after close questionlng, to a conslderableactlvltles in the U.C.L.A. student partlcipation in the strikepicket demands }aet month at the llarner B:rothers Studlo, sceneof the uildest strike riots. (t,Rt, ls.ll6lb>.)

The same issue camied. a photograph of a rather shifty-eyetl

suspicious-looking "Wtl}lam J. Stort, edltor of the Dat1y kuln, organ

of the Assoelated Students of UCLA, pictured on the rritness stand 1n the

filn strike lnquiry."Stout, rrho had himself partlcipated ln the plcketinS, Eaid after

the hearing:

In_f:gSlospgst

AII of us who sat ln on the farela-l "lnvestigatlon" ofconmtrnLst-lnspired students ln the pleket Line feel qultecertatn that the comnlttee gainecl not a thing. fhis ieevidenced by the shifting of the smetur spotlLght fYom thestudents, rrho are no longer "vlciotts redst' but merely"lnmature and mlsguided"

. ',re have never seen such a ridiculous and tnanedisplay of narped demoeracy as vas revealed Tkrursday. BlllyBeirne, the corrmlttee rs counsel, dld hls best to browbeatvltnessesr plrt nords 1n their mouths, twist thelr statementsand. so forth. .

The investlgation was, as ls obvlous, a flop. It vasvaluable only as a eonslderable contrlbution to one's pollti-ea.L educatlon. That such a biased demonstratlon should be

109

pereltted to cone off at publie expense, that smaJ-l-timepoJ.ltJ.es should be allormd to intimld.ate and insult vlt-nesses, is lndeed a sad comentary on our democracy.(nirr 3tort, on, *ltg/\S.l

fhe 3puln chose not to cover the hearing vlth lts orn staff, even

thoqgtr the event ras held ln the libnrs Lounge of Kerckhoff ItaIL (nor

the Alunnl Center)--not more than two hundred feet from The Bruin offlce.Instead, lt reprlnted the coverage of the Los Angeles Datly Netrsr at

that tlme stlU" owned by lrtanchester Boddy and knoc{n for its }iberal-lsn.

And lt ran a letter to Stout flon Bep. E11ls E. Patterson (Oem.)

on Page One, statingI agree wltb you that the Hearst-legislatlve committee

srear of UCLA and the Dally Bnrln becauee of the protestof the students agai.nst the violence used in the f1Imstrlke j.s totaLly uncal)-ed for and unvamanted. (COf,:.t,/r:ll\>.)

Ttre Bnrin ras not the prlncipal target of the conservatineg.

thetr goal- nas the Unlnerslty ltse1f, in the person of Prsvost Clarence

A. Dykstra--a llberal. T\ro weeks after the Kerekhoff IIaIL heartng, a

tgmtrltuous one ln rhlch the lounge vas cleered of incensed student

spectators, the subeomrittee continued lts hearings in dorntown Los

Angeles. A page one story in the Los Angeles Examiner, the mornlng

Hearst nevspaper, said:UCI,A ATTIfi'TEON NEDS IRINGSqulz_ pEMAsp

Investigation and action by the State Board of Regentsin the matter of tolerance of Red Faeclst actlvi"tles on theLos Angeles eanlrus of the Universlty of Californla v111 bedemanded by Assenblyman A. f. Stevart"

. As filyt<strg/ expertly talked hls vay throtrgha barra,ge of questlons fired at hlm by eonnlttee counselWiJ.3.lagr B. Belrne . he contlnued to present the picture

110

of a university head vho doesn't see any reason for con-cerning himself vlth nhat either his professors or h1sTrOOO students do off-campus--either to preaching left-ving radi"calism, or to actually breaking the lar tobits

"Dontt you knov you have organized radical mlnorltyout there rho are trying to take oyer--the Bruin staffand ihe American Youtb for Democracy?"./IsxeO subconmitteeehairman C. Don fieIf,. (LRn;r, l.]-/zglt>.)

Campus police ehief John 1{. Pease nrote ln a eonfldential memo

that he rras told "off the record" by Thomas Cavett, "investigator loaned

by the Tenney Commlttee to the Fleld Committee, " that the fbnney Com-

mittee had "ten tirnes ae much informatlon end rras golng to tbust the

Unlverstty nide open. "'It vas lff. Cavett's opinion that the Don Field

Committee and the Tenney Coniaittee rere very muchdtssatisfied vith the conditlons at the University ofCallfornia and that unless prompt correetive actiontras taken . it could be expected that there ml.ghtbe some very short approprlations. (Aretr, Box ll),Folder Lo5, L2f 5/t+5.)

Dykstra himself held oteady to hts philosophy that it vas notparticularly hls business what students and faculty did off eampus.

He vrote President Sproul thatfhe Committee was evidently disappoi"nted that I

vas not disposed to enter lnto a hunt for what theycalled "Red Fascists" on the campus, both studentsand faculty. Question nas afso ralsed about the Bruincensorship and freedorn of the press. Just, vhat thlsa}] means I am not able to say. (Arcti, Box 335, Folderio5, LLf3o/\:.)

llhat it "meant" was the opening of an unpreeedented attack on

the independence of the Universityrs students and faculty. Seventeen

days after D5rkstra r*rote the above memo, the Board of Regents passed

a resolutlon stating, in part

lII

. that the basls of lnstructlon at the Unlversityof Callfornia be loyalty to American Lnstituttons and tothe Ameriean form of governnent and that any faculty mem-ber violating this precept be subject to dismlssal.

Further, that any student in the Unlverslty, vho inhls off-campus acttons does anythlng intencled to conveyor that actually does convey the lmpresslon that thestudent represents the Universlty or the student body

. be subject to dismlssal. (Cpg, J.z/tl/t+>.)

By 19&7, a "Red lmage" radiated from the UCLA campus, but Pro-

vost $rkotra, at least, understood that the reputatlon vas "1n part . .

our frrn faultr" ba.sed upon Dr. Moorers vldely reported statement in1935 that the ca.mpus "teenpd vith Cornrnrnlsts. " (Chane, L9l+7, Folder

Lar, LZf L5/t+f .)Unhappity, Dr. Dykstra himself folJ-<rwed in Dr. Moorers footsteps

just a few months later nhen he scheduled an off-the-record luneheon

rneeting vith dorrntonn nevspapermen ln an effort to dornplay the extentof Communist influence at UCLA. His attempt had Just the opposite

effeet, because the Los Angeles Times decided to blow the cover off the

story.The result nas an eight-column headline in the Tlmes charglng

that UCLA nas "one of Commun,i.smts prlme postvar edueatlonal targets"and that at least lO "regular dyed-in-the vool party Corununlsts" had

gathered about them "uprards of l+OO fettor travelers, strmpathizers,rfront organizationr members and misgulded dupest'vho t'seek to capture

key spots on the collegla.te nevspa.per." (f,af, t+/S/t+8.) fne

story quoted no source and gave no evi"dence to support lts eharges.

ft ras, in aII, a sloppy piece of Journalism.

It2

Dr. Dykstra ffas overrrhelmed at the publle reaetj"on. He com-

plained in a letter to Tlmes publi"sher Norrnan Chandler that "the materLaf

. did not come from the labors of any T{*S*' reporter or of anyone

on the Tlmes I staff. The faets uere presented by University authori-ties . at an off-the-record meetlng . " Chandler replled ihatreporter James Bassett had telephoned Dean of Students Milton Hahn, vho

had repeated and a.mplifled the remarks made at the meeti'ng. "Itrs vhat

we need, " Chandler quoted Hahn as havlng sald about the proposed ?1mes

coverage. (ctranc, L9\'1, Fotder Lar, \/L3l\B ana >/61\A.1

Nobody on the outside knev, hovever, that the sensatlonal storyhad not come about through independent nevspaper Lnvestlgation but vas,

instead, a "plant" by the Unlversity ltself. To the casual reader,

moreover, "uCLA" vaa once agaln llnked vith "Red infiltration" and the

darnage nas unalterably done.

fhe Dally hruln, whlch at thls time rlas Soir€ through a more-or-!\, .. \ _a 1 rii !t , !! , J'-,:

less conservatlve stage, . Edltor Elmer L.

Chalberg sald;

UCLA hanga as a ri.pe plum for the Coununl"sts. Asbrought out by the Times, the vast bul1dlng progra.nscheduled to get undervay shortly, the fact that theschool rates aJnong the top Arneriean educational in-stltutlons, lts atomle researeh proJect, and itsforthcoming vorld's largeet sclentific computercenter--all of these thlngs make lt a Juicy target,a place to "get in" vhi.le the gettlnrs good. (nf,\lr/)+s ')

It was

witch-huntersPost added to

no uonder that UCLA became falr game for redbalters and

of all strlpes. In L95O, the venerable Salulclay Evening

the tarnlshing of UCLA's reputation and the perpetuation

r}3

of The Dally huin myth vlthCe1l: Case Hlstory of Campus

sald:

a lead arti.ele entltlecl "U.C.L.A.'s Bed

Comnunlsm." About The Bnuin, the Post

The publlcatlons field al-rrays attracts eommunists,and the present status of the U.C.L.A. dally Bnrln 1s atest of their effectl"veness. (ft) fs a.n organizationvhLch ean be controlled by any group able to send alongenough volunteer reporters and keep them vorklng afterothers have tired and quit. fhe bloc with the greatestnunerical strength is in a posltion to , " . perpetuateltself . " whether lt ever reflects maJorlty oplnlonis debatable the staff nomlnated IIeIen Edelman, aprofessed member of the Conmunlst Party, as soeietyedltor . . the councll turned dovn the nouination, but. Bruln editors pronptly aared Mlss Edelman as apoli.tical uriter " . the Bruin editorlally lnvitedstudents to an off-ca.mpus communist meetlng, but made nosuch lnvltations for other off-eampus po).ltical neeti.ngs;gave vlde publiclty to the Corunittee for Campus Equalityvlthottt emphasizing its membership; . although lt hasonly the one professed courunist on its staff, (tt) carlesparty propaganda just as faithfully as lf it nere loaded

been. Coneervative students are convlnced that they havefrozen out . (Saturday Evenlre Post. Oct. 21, IgiO.)

And, again echolng the charge once made by Maxrel1 Rafferty inL937, it quoted an unnared fraternity president as sayi.ng, "Ihe Red

tag on my dlploma is goirqg to hurt."UCLAts reputation ve,s soJ.Ied, as Scop., the campus humor magazlne

put lt, in "every hore, drrrg store and barber shop ln the Unlted States." *CBS nensman Chet Huntley deeried the ptrbJ-lclty and asked '\trhy then do

they (the Comunlsts) get space ln the S,aturday Evening PoSt? Hov

come they Jeopardlze the reputation of a great school? . isn't itabsnrd . . ? (Quoted in UCLA Alumni l/r,gazlnet sprlng, t959, p.51.)

* Seop published an amusing parody of the Post ortlcJ-e ln ltsDecember, L97L, issue. Title "U.C.L.A.'s Sex CeJ.J-: Case Historyof Co).J.ege Sexr " the artlcJ.e quoted a stud.ent as saylng, "That RedIlpstiek on my diplona is golng to hurt."

11l+

Sadly, lt wasntt the Cornnunlsts tho craeked the pages of the

Post. Again, it vas the conservative forees in the UCLA Administration

ltse1f rrho took thelr eause to the ptrblic beyond the gates. The idea

for an article of t'para.mount lmportance" ras suggested to PoSt nanaglng

editor Robert trlross by Joseph A. Bnandt, chairman of the UCLA Depart-

ment of Journal-ism, two years before it saw print. fn a letter to trtoss,

Dr. Brandt rrote i

Ener eince I've been out here I rve been puzzled bythe rather universal acceptanee on the part of even ln-fo:med people that UCLA ls a red instltutlon. f havedtscovered that, by and large, thls ls due to a beautl-fuJ.ly exeeuted policy by the Communist Party. Here atUCLA they have apparently moved ln, and by virtue of asi.ngle slate election of an edltorLal boardcontrol the student newspaper nhich ls, of course, thedaily voice of the Unlverslty.

Brandt then outli"ned many of the themes that later sholred up 1n

the Post artlcle" "I think you ril). egree that this problen should not

go unchallenlged I thtnk you might have a startltng article nhich

should be of the hlghest value to the country." (Chanc, L9\9, Folder

Lo5, LZfLl/t+g.)

Like a little rolltng stone gatherlng dirt arsund it, the myth

of the leftlst BanrLn even found lts uay lnto a ehurch sermon--given on

Aug. 12, 195I, at the Beverly Hills l.Iard, Church of Jesus Chrlst of

Latter-Day Saints, by Robert S. Jordan, nho had been graduated from

UCIA the preeediqg June. [kre Conmunist Party, he sald, had "abused the

privlleges accorded to aLl students by printing a series of antl-llN,

anti-US, antl-Amerlcan-troops-in-Korea artlcles Ln the student ovned

nevspaper . . This series of propaganda. articles resulted in a severe

shake-up of Campus ne{spaper policies and personnel." (Chanc, L95L,

Folder 228, 8f:*2lS: "1

115

By this time, Mccarthylsm l'as in ful} flower. And the unt-

versity Administratlon had begun to develop a tactie for thronlng off

the volves: Adrnittj.ng that CornmrnLsm vas a serious problem in the paql

but that it vas completely under control today. For example, hrblic

Affairs Dlreetor Andrev Hamllton gave this background note ln 1953 to

reporter Grant lr{acDona}d of the Los Angeles Mirror, who rrae preparing

an article on UCLA:

The year 191+5 probably sav the largest number ofstudent Communists on the U.C.L.A. eamprs. . . fn thatyear there vere about 50 or 6O ieara-shelled, dyed-ln-the-rool Comrrunlst students . Today there are not morethan 1!-2O. . . communtsts have little or no influenee instudent affal"rs today. other students recognize left vlngtactl.cs anct the party llne, and easlly outrrlt the commleson the Dal1y Br"uin, the Student Executive Councll antl otherstudent organlzations.

Then, he added in aII seriousness, "No Cormntnlst has ever been

a rember of the footbaJ-l squad at u.c.L.A." (chanc, L913t Folder 2BB,

glt6lss.)Bichard Rovere, the washlngton correspondent, once said of

McCarthyism that j.t "dlverted attention lYom the moment and flxed lt on

the past, vhieh it dlstortecl almost beyond recognition." (Bevere, L959t

p. l+0.) ThLs diverslon and dlstortion was clearly demonstrated Ln L957t

vhen the Senate Connlttee on Un-Arerican Activlties helcl its last hear-

ing lnto Communlst lnfj.Itratlon at UCLA.

Chancellor Baymond B. AJ-len and Dean of Students l,lLlton Hahn

took the opportunity to "admlt" that Commrnlst lnfluence once held svay

over 1,he Bruin, but that the camtrrus va6 at that point cornpletely fbee of

such subversive tendencles. Ttre Los Angeles Examiner sald:

r15

Dally kuin ControlOnee by Reds llold

. Revea1lng he has a day-by-dayr page-by-pageanalysls of the newspaper since he eare to UCtA in 1/+8,

:":".cltecl the high tide of Red lnfluence ln L9\9-5O

The dean then explained hor such Beds and felIovtravelers passed control of the paper from year to year,unttl a revistons of the rgulations put it back ona democratic basis /netore 1955J midnight meetlngswould be ealled at out-of-the rray placesrcauslng a,pprehen-sive mothers to refuse pennission for their daughters toattend, Ieavtng control ln the hands of subversives.(lanx, LZILL/j5,) *

And, aceordlng to the L,os Angeles fimes, Chancellor A1len said"lt aplnared a fev trnople r*ere controJ*llng or endeavorl.ng to eontrolthe organs of corumrnications . the publleations. I never could

satisfy myself of any overt actlvity. And it has not been observed thls]€ar." (LAT, tz/J-t/56") frre kuln, ln other vords, had stoppecl beatingits rrlfe. To appease the Un-Anerlcan Actlvlties Comnittee, the Unl"-

versity rras villlng to sacrifice the reputatlons of students who vere

Iong gone from the canpus and rrho could not raise their voices ln denial"As a tactlc, 1t rras perhaps admirable. As an exerclse ln academlc ln-tegrity, it was lndefensible.

The cormittee aceepted ancl even embellished on the testinony ofDean Hahn and Dr. Allen. Its prlnted report sald:

. The Comunlst minorlty ahlays endeavors to getlts members elected to positlons of control on studentnerspapers. Tlrus, one or tvo dedteated, hard-rorking youngCommunists can capture the editorlal control of a medium forpropagandlzlng that reaches every student ln the unlversltyand most of the faculty members (tttntfr Beport, p.2.)

* Ttre eomplete testlmony of Dean Hahn ls included in the Appendlx.

117

. the editorlal policy of the paper has been takenoner by sueh a group of radLeal yourqg Comnunlsts and theybeeame so firmly entrenched that thelr cllque became self-perpetuatlng

. the cornnittee obtained files of The Dally huinextendlng back to the ear].y 'l+O's, and has carefuUy analyzedthe propaganda content thereof. . . (p" 5).

. fhe artlcl.es have been copled and preserved and arenorr on file at the comnittee's offlce for the lnspection ofany properly qualified lndividual who nay be lnterested inseeing the evidence. It ts enough to polnt out that the papervas replete vlth articles defylng unl'versity admlnistrators,underminlng and smearlng anyone vho presumed to oppose theeditorial policy of the paperr in articles nrltten by studentsvho proudly proclalmed themselves as young Conmunists andleaders of Comunist front grorps, and a constant barrage ofComtrnlst and party line prolnganda that aplnared year afteryearr as the clique of young radicaLs trnrpetuated ltse1f incontrol of the newspatrEr from one acadenlc term to another.(p. 5.)

The huin itself, rrlrlch had been purged of "radicals" a^lmost

years prevlously, bought the myth completely. Edltor Joe Colmenares

nelcomed the probe by the corudttee and stated thatThe publlc has not forgotten the "llttle red school

house" of the forties and early fifties rrhich shoeked theState vith its blatant support of Commrnism" The rallies,the Datly Bnuin edltorials, the pamphlets, the Cormie youthgroups, al.l initiated by an actl"ve cadre of vocl.ferous leftvlngers, reflected as a pink glorr on the entlre carnpus whlchhas been difficult to nrb off . (pg, tzll:o/16"'t

And feature editor Walt Gabrielson said in another editorlaJ-:DB I{AS BEEN USED

For the politically nalve or misinformed f shall agalnpoint out that one of the most important facts brought outto date in the hearlngs is that the Daily kuln aras oncelnfluenced by people vho couLd not be ealled Demoeratlemlnded. (na, Lz/il+/56.)

One staff member vho vas not eonvLnced, horrever, vas Bennie

Benson, managlng editor, vho said she examined the flles of lpll through

118

Igrh "pgposefully looklng for evidence of Red control." Ttrough she

clal-ned The &,uin had been mistaken j.n lts ners Judgment, especially

on covera€e of the controversial- UC loyalty oath, she said that

fn those hundreds of lnches, f so very rarely foundany pro-Commrnlst slmpathy . . . Members of eclitorlalboards (triea to) . malntain the feature page as a"market pJ-ace" for oplnions of aII sortsz Red or other-rrise. . I do not belleve that any one could haveproven, except for one person, nho vas not an editoriaLboerd member, that any one on The DB sas a sympathizer.Brt nov that tvo years have passed and there is no onehere to speak in self-alefense, the reaJ- story comes out.(oa, t/t+/Sl.)

It is to that "rea1 story" of the ten years after Wor1d War IIthat rre next turn.

]rg

Chapter IO

$IE POSII{AR }IORLD

A Postrar Challenge to Student Journallsts:

-- to provlde leadershlp in stlmulatirg student thought-- to eombat raclal bigotry and promote lntercultural

edueation-- to foster world understancling and peaee-- to encourage efforts for cooperatlon tn adjustirlg

soci.al and eeonomle grievances-- to aecept respons5.bi.Ilties ln solutlon of }ocal

school and eorumunlty problems.(Statement of AssocLateit Colleglate Press, quoted in CDB, tlZ1lt+6.)

Russtan comunism ls today ranged agalnst Ameri.eancapltallsm and the public is frightened. Our llttle micro-cosm, UCIA, refleets that fear and 1t manlfests itselffrequently 1n crltlclsm of the OgIIL-h$n. (fAttor JamesD. Garst, DB, L/7/r+9.)

We sish to state onee more what a nerspaper is.Simply--it prlnts rhat is golng on tn the vorld. Ourrrorld ls this campus. lJe do not eause people to haveloyalty oaths so that there are stories about loyaltyoath controversles. l{e do not ceuse discrimlnatlon,so that there are storles about discriminatlon. fhesethings exist, and as a nevspaper it ls our Job to printthese ltems. (uattor Hal watklns, DB, >lZl/So.)

Is 1t really posslble to dlssoclate the universityfronn the social tldes of the tfues? Isnrt pollttes onlythe praetlcal slde of ideas? And isnrt it the Job ofthe university to deal ln ldeas? It is of coursepossible to lead vhat fuofessor Laski says, but if educa-tlon ls vorth its salt it viII rely on more than thevritten rrord" If the tools of edueatlon rrere on].y books,ne could cast out our professora and convert all ourbuildtngs j.nto libraries. The spoken vord ls nore oftenmore vivtd than the rritten word, and vhen it comes from

I20

as lively a speaker as kofessor Laskl, it ls bound tojolt, to shock, and perhaps to set one to thinklng"

(nattor Grover Heyler, eomnenting on Adnlnistratlon denlalof trnrnisslon for Brltlsh Soeialist Harold Laski to speakon campus, DB, l+/L/\9.)

A palI of fear, the }lkes of whlch I never concelved. has settted over thls camlms. It has extended over

students, faculty and Adminlstratlon and is attenpting tobury any strain of unorthodoxy, unconformlty or possiblesource of controversy . . . To be slnciflc, ve can referto the artlcle in Mondayrs hutn vrltten by a UCLA studentconeerning McCarthyism, whlch all but brought tbe roofdorrn on the Bruln. (traitor AI Greenstein, DB, LZI\|fi.)

These quotations from Dally hruin edltorials illustrate the

range of emotlon that suffirsed Arnerica and the UCLA camprs during the

deeade following the close of World l{ar ll--from hope and optlmtsm lnf9l+5 to a "pa1l of fear" ln 1953. It was an eventful ten years, vhlch

broqght to The Bruin no less than tvo staff strikes, trenty reJections

by Student Councll of staff nomlnations (tncludlng three editors and

four managlng edltors), an irate letter from the Governor, a bl}I forcensorshlp in the State Legislatnre and--the usual amount of good times,

partles, staff marriages, ink under the fingernalls and blistering lnthe Razz Editions.

Ttre deeade brought vlth it, too, a crop of returning veterans,

nho appreciably ralsed the average age of male staff nembers. But the

postrmr periocl began vlth a wom:an--Hannah Eloom--stlll in the edltor-ship, and shortly thereafter l8-year-old BiIL Stout vas named to the

top post. fhe Bruln eonti"nued to pri"nt school sonSe on lled.nesdays,

and it rias uslng an al-}-dorrn style of editing, includlng the headlines.

On Sept . L7 t L9l+5, 1t resumed its daily sehedule ancl the name, "Ca11-

fornla Daily Brtrin""

L2L

Desplte the uproar caused by particlpation of hmj.n etaffersln the Hol*lyvood filn strike, relatlons between the Adrainistratlon and

The Bnuln at the beginnlng of the postrrar decade rere fairly tranqui"I.Dean of Students Miller rrote to Frovost Dykstra

I must confess that there have been times when I havewlshed for the establishment of admLnlstration censors, butafter sober reflection on alJ- the fundamental lssues involved,f alvays fJ.nd myself back on the slde of the tradltlon of afree student press r.rhieh has prevalled ln the University ofCallfornta for something like 75 years. (Arcfr, Box 32?, Folder\o, rtf z3l\t.)

And Dykstra himself was frlendly tovard The hrtn, possibly the

only lnrson in the Admlntstratlon nho ever understood the rationale be-

htnd Ttre Bn.ln's slate system and the staff fs lnslstence on "the work-

up system." Repl-ylng to a complai.nt by BIue Shie1d, an alumni boostergroupr about the Bruinrs being "in the hands of a cllque, rhtrch has

perpetuated itselfr" (aren, Box ll), Folder IO5, 1I/12/l+5), Dr. fykstrasaid r

I think our work vlth The Barrl"n rmrst be constructiveand I have been dlscusslng that matter u"lth Dean MlIIer.I a.n hopeflJ- that the Bnuln ean be made a good credlt tous rrithout faculty censorshlp. It rmrst be remembered thatvork on the Brrrin ls arduous and it ls undertaken onJ.y bythe most enthusLastic of our students vho had a hankerlngfor Journaltsm. The soclal groups on the campuE vlII notput in the tire to compete for plaees on the student nens-paper. (ruta. , n/t1/\>.)

Though The Bnuln rras often eritlclzed for playing up pollticalnens at the exlnnse of campus prbliclty, it did not actual.ly do so.

For example, the lead story for December LJ, L9b5, vas headed "kuinshall provost rith Yuletlde carols, " rhtle the seeond lead was "Choralgroups present Yule holiday prograp." A much more far-reaching story,poJ.ltlealJ-y, took the thlrd spot, "Regents consider disloyaltyi Board

L22

acts to curb UCLA radlcaLism"" Campus events and activities continued

to dominate. As the decade progressed, the scope and depth of Student

Cortrncil and Universlty Board of Regents coverage improved.

ft.uin editors shoned they rrere able to act effeetively nhen

material they considered lnappropriate rras printed. Edltor Stout dls-

missed sports editor Al Franken for runnlng a "Sportsmenrs Page" fea-

turing a photograph of film star Esther llilliams ln place of the regular

sports page on Jan" 2), Lgl+6, leadlng an lrate reader to ask "Is it,Ir{:r" Edltor, beeause lr{r" Franken refirsed to read the Peoplers llorld that

he vas removed from his duties?" (COn, 2ll+/l+6.) 1\ro years later,Edttor Grover Heyler remo'ved colunnlst Erie Julber from the staff beeause

of a column in vhich he called the Student Couneil a "creil of red-baiters

and stalrers." {ps, lalz:.'lh8.) He vas removed, not for his expression

of opinion, but because of the several errors of fact ln the article.Aeceptanee by Bruln editors and other students of their responsi-

bility led Clyde S. Johnson, uho r*:rote a history of the ASUCTA in l9lr8

as hls doctoral dlssertation, to note that beeauee students had kept

withtn the bounds of the University's pollcy of good taste,

fever and ferrer controls by the faculty and admlnis-tretion have been pJ-aced upon those enterprlses andaetivitles vhieh the students . have desired tosponsor. No form of faculty pre-censorshlp has beenevident. (Johnson, 1!i+8, P. 95.)

Despite the svlng of Bruln editors in a narrov arc from left-of-eenter to rlght-of-center, the poticy of the nevspaper remalned basi"eally

the sarne between tgtr! and L955. It rras a pollcy of "no policy, " as

Edltor Ann Stern said ln L915"

L23

. a great maiorlty of readers heve never run acrossa pollcyless paper before. . . . anyone accustomed to read-lng nerspapers flnds lt hard to accllmatlze hlnself to theabsence of any strletly observed editorial "Ilne." Belngused to flnding of Nornan Chandlerts or W. R. Hearst's orManehester Boddyrs political" Ieanlngs dlstributed in bitsand chunks ai-I over their respeetlve journals he goesaround trylng to piece together what he reade ln the &rrinln one coherent poficy. (con, 316ll+6.)

Nevertheless, thls attltude tras in itself a pollcy--the tradi-tlonal Bruln poJ-icy of opening its feature eolumns to alI comers and

allo11tng each lncomlng editor ftrLI reln to express hlmself indtvlduallyin edltoria-Ls. Editor Boy Swanfeldt sald as umch in 1!18: " . the

editorj.al policy of the h.lIy Bnrln should not be made by the hand of

the dead."

The faet that llberal volces eould be heard in a student-operated

newspaper disturbed the Student CouncLl, members of the Board of Regents

and at least one legislator--AssemblSrman llerdel of Bakersfleld, who

lntroduced a blIL in 1946 providing for censorshlp and control of both

Ttre Bruin and the Daily Californian. (COn, ilW/t+6.)The Student Council adoptecl the policy of beglnnlng its meetings

vtth a crltlque of Tlae huin. At one reetlng, eounell members critl-clzed "allovlng just anyone to nrlte an artlcle wlthout first trylng toascertain lts effect on the student body and the outside world." (SEC,

iln/4e .) srx '*eeks later, a Fraternity Fonrm expressed its "Iack ofconfldence" in Ttre hruln by notlng that "news stories rmre non-profes-

sLonal 1n style and editorlals did not adeguately represent student

oplnion." It rras suggested that "more flaternity arrd sororlty members

tr:rn out for Pgj.ILBrulg staff positlons, that Journallsm courses be

offered, and that a stronger personality be named Director of hrbllca-tions." (cnane, L946, Forder \o, \/zSlt+6.)

121+

CIearIy, an explosive sl"tua.tion vas bullding. The Board ofRegents began to dLscuss "control of student publieatl"ons, " and Presl-dent Sproul asked Provoet Dykstra for a "nemorandu"ur f:rom you as to the

eonditlon rhlch you uorld llke to have establlshed on the Los Angeles

campus. I propose to heve plans ofrather than to defend myself and the

plans presented by others." (Chanc,

Student Councll acted first.fhre Brulnrs nomlnatlon of Alan Beals

ehally Chalberg. And it al-so threw

choice for city editor, appolntlng a

fer from CaI Teeh, l"n her place.

my ovn to present to fhe Regents,

r stud.ent publications agai"nst the

191+6, Forder l+o, zlt/\5.)On Jan. L7, L9b7, tt rejected

as managlng ed.itor a.nd appolnted

out Greta Greenfleld, the staffcub reporter, PauI Slmqu, a trans-

Slnqu served under editor Frank Mankleriez, yho }ater becase

press secretary to Sen. Robert F. Kennedy. Later, Slmqu ras appointed

edltor by the Student Couneil in place of the preferred Bruin staffchoice (no record exists as to the first cholce narne).

ldanklevlcz, rrhom Simqu remembers as having had a "superb i.n-

telligenee and, most of aJ-I, a sense of humor, " for:ght against Simqu,

nhose appointment vas met vlth hostility. l}pevriters rrere destroyed

and he ras "hisged out of restaurants in tlestvood." (Questlonnaire,

LWo.) Stmqu reea)-ls thatffiC ancl the hrrin seethed through my term as edltor,

prj-marily orrer NSA. Once the Yotrng Commrnists teague,then changed to Anerican Youth for Demoeracy, lt applledfor recognltion as NSA, and I personally fought ttthe FrrLn during my term contaln oany letters eal.llng mea t'fascist, " t'enemy of democraCyr t' and (from my sportsedltor ln tlre -lO- editi.on) a nan ". . . who represents

:":"It:t* I detest about UCLA." Something to that effect

L25

FBf once told me they thought there nere three eard-carrying Comunlsts at UCIA -- tvo of then only occasionaleontrlbutors to the kuln, and the thlrd an on-again off-again rep,orter of llttle consequence. You must remernberthat at that tlure the vhole of the tJestern vorld never ventto sleep wlthout looklrrg for Comntrntsts under the bed, so Ifeel that eharges of Corunrnist inftltration vere unfounded.Those aecused vere little more than sophomorlc ldeal.istsnho rret occasionalty to sing "Joe HiI1" and others of thati].k .

TLre hmtn dld have spirLt, but lt declined just aboutthe ti"me I stepped ln. Sorne pnedecessors llke l,Iankieviczarrd Stout nere brilliant far beyond thelr years, and gatheredabout them sorne excellent staff. It existed only because ofthem, . tlhat I caJ"J. brllJ-lance turned into sloppy soclal-significanee, a dls-regard for Journal-lsm, and the spttting,me6sy underground sheets prevalent through the campuses today.(Questlonnaire, ]-ffO. )

The controversy oner Simqu's appotntment brought the iaevitable

split betreen liberal.s and conservatlves, rrlth the Comraunists lining up

vith the liberals. Student &:portsr a publication of the off-campus

Student Corununlst Club, clalmed a rrsutear carapaign" had been at vork.(chanc, L9l+Tt Folder l-:o>, 5lShl.) Thls assistance from the Conumrnists,

of course, convlnced the eoneervatives they had been rlght about the

J.lberaLs aII a1ong.

Sinaqu vas succeeded by Efuner L. (Cfraffy) Chalberg, rrho vas several

years older than the rest of the staff and had been edttor of the Hunboldt

(S. Oat<. ) Jcnrnal and synrta edltor of the South Dakota Evenlng Huronlte

before going in the Army, vhere he edited a regimental paper. (COf, ilry|l+8.) Slnqu renembers that Chalberg "brooked llttle ideologica-I nonsense.

l,lent at lt like it rras a chore." And Charles G. (Chuck Francts, vho

sueceeded Chalberg, recaals him as having

contributed a great deal tovard raislng the patrnrrsJourna.Ilstlc starrdards " We r*ere suppoeed tostart nork at noon to get the pa.per together ald,

L26

1f I vas ten minutes late, ChaILy world cher meout like one of the ol"d-tlme "Front-Pa6e cityedltors. Our "salarles" . . " flere sonething like$eO a month and we spent at least a ho-hour n'eekon the paper. (Questionnaire, fgfO.)

D.lring chalbergts term, the nare of the paper l{'as chenged to

'tlg1,l Dai.Iy Bruln" by an 8-5 vote of tire Student CouncJ"I. Representa-

tLve-at-Large BiIt l(eene expressed the feellng of the losers vhen he

conplaJ.ned, "St p by step Ye are drifting aray . . from Berkeley and

the tradition of One Un'iversity. I tltsh I had Sproulrs eloquenee toprt that across," (Cnn, 2/2611+8.) Unrenembered by student leaders of

that day vas the fact that the "UCIA Dally Bruin" name had been recom-

mended by hrbllcatlons Bsard and rejeeted by Student Corncil tventy

years eartler. (SUC, t/ZglZS.) fire kuin, vhich had suitched to an

up-style by this ti:ne, greeted tts ner appellation rrith light-hearted-

ness:

tocgl Yokels to.S!&!3eIhe.of DEily Ras I i

What? You dldn't see anything different about todayrsBaper? We are thororrghly asha.med of youl

Faithflrl readers of The kuin vi}I note that, as oftoday, they are reading not the California k,lly Brrin butthe UCtA Dally Barrin, which ls the nen official name ofthe publlcation.

We l.ike lt. (na, t+/z/UA.)

lihanrrhlle, desplte the light-heartedness, the "pal} of fearn' ras

beglnning to descend upon UCLA. As early as I'{areh, L9\7 t l"t vas evi-denced by hovost Dykstra's sending ts. xressage to "Paul Bobeson, RH

(noyee HaIt) Stage, Campus" asking the fanetl Negro (anil leftist) slnger

to "refraln from expressing any ldeological viers on our stage tonight."The University of Californl-a, Skstra explained sonevhat contradletorily,

L27

has a "right of free aiscussion but not of the promulgation of any

ideology." (Chanc, I9l+7, Folder lO!, l/tg/\t,)the Cold l.Jar had begun ln earnest. Czechoelovakia rras captured

by the Conmunists in a coup d'gr9.a-t. A land blockade of l'Iest Berlin vas

begun by the Sovlet Union. Henry lJa]-lace broke sith President I?uman

and announced his candldacy for President on the progresslve party

ticket. The screlrs rrere belng tightened on free thor.ryht.

ComposqLg, _"No} Oomrrbee qcy

College students on this and other camBuses vho believein the prlneiples of the First Arnendrent and are atiernptlngto steer their thlnking and action by a poliey of composurexithout complacency are having a dlfflcult tlrre these troubleddays.

Yesterday a student on this campus vho ls knosn andrespected for his }lberal prlnelples by al)- rrho knov himcanne to this editor's desk and asked for advice in cornposinga letter protesting the unanimous blackball of a l4r. O,Connorfrom an NSA post because of his membership in the Ameri"canIouth for Demoeraey. "Hov ean I phrase itr " he asked, rithoutbelng smeared as a, Conmunist, vlthout belng labeled and sus-pected of al.l manner of thlngs?" ffie only ansver to thatquestion, of course, Ls that no matter hor you phrase it,there is no escaping that fear, tlmtdity and prejudiee vithvhleh thls campus is riddled. .

It is not being an alarmlst to be frightened nhen studentsat Pasedena Junior college pelt a radlo comrnentator speakingon behalf of a candldate for the presidency of the UnitedStates . A fev days later j"t was fists and fruit used tobreak up a polltlcal rally at Los Angeleo City eollege. Itls not ineoncelvable that next month or next year it can beclubs and carbines.

. it vi]1 not be either a pleasant or a soothlngoeeupation . , . to speak out loudly . (ftrose who do)viII be maligned arid branded vith a vhole assortnent ofugly na^mes. It is neceasary, hovever, if we are to bringsone blt of counposure baek to.this jittery calnpus, (l4ana6ingEditor Charles Francis, DB, 4/at/\8.)

Franeis, rrho vas nained editor in the fall term, l9,l+8, dld not laythe sole brarne on the conservatives for thls state of affairs. As a

128

natter of faet, he qulte readily took on the Left lling 1n a series of

front-page eclitorlals entttled "Gideonrs Dlrty Linen" ln vhich he

clai"med that the

umnlst-doninated

Students for lfalLaee had been taken over by the Con-

Labor Youth League. Dean Hahn later quoted the series

approvingly in his 195? testimony before the Senate Committee on Un-

Arneriean AetlvitLes "

. their aetivitles are planned to harass andharm the reputation of the University of Callfornia attoe Angeles. fire1r methods in dealing rlth the univer-slty and student organl"zationg are dlshonest, sub rosa,and insincere. . as long as the rest of the studentscontlnue their present unwlllingness to contrlbute arti-eles representing thelr own vierpol-nts and eonvictione,Bhe DallyBnuln feature page wlJ.J. be domlnatecl by theldeas of a nllltant minorlty. Lastly, I have learnedthat to do bustness vith the Students for tla]-lace ls tobe double-crossed, smeared, and mlsguidecl. tOn, l0/Z\ll+8. )

Trenty-tvo years J-ater, Francis, vho had becone eomrunlcatlons

director for the IBl,l Corp. in Hhite Platns, Nev York, reroembered the

controversy rrell:. as the Senator Joe McCarthy era nas ushered in,

the relations vith the SEC and the Administration becamelncreaslngly strained. The communlst issue 1ra6 severeand there is no question that students with leftistpolltica.} Ieaninge tried to make an inpact upon the PaPerrelther by eontributlng artlcles to the feature page or byrorking up the ladder to some of the editorlal posts. l,iemade many attempte to solicit al.l shades of polltlcaloplnlons " but, as ls almost alvays the case, the nostmllltant students always had the sharpest and buslestpens.

. Dean llahn vas most fair and statesmanllke Iremember no requests from the Adnlnletration that rrcre un-reasonable fhey Just sald they wanted a freer"bal-anced" paper. .

. Alnost every day f uould get a visit from soreof the most milltant students complalni4g that the DallyBruin ras not coverlng the soeiel and polltleal issues the

L29

way lt shoultl. A typlcal eomment: "Uhy aren't you earryingon the front page storles about the police brutallty in !{atts?"I trled to explaln that ve tried to use our scarce space tocover onJ.y those events vhi.ch oceurred on, or $ere cJ.oselyrelated to the eampus eorununtty' . .

I vrote the ("Gldeonts Dlrty Irlnen") editorlals to getsolre of these p,eople off our backs co rc could get on vithputting out a. good patrnr. Even Barbara l0.lpper, nmrldrs, Charles Franeis, vho ras then voman's lnge editor,forgave me for the edltorlals and \re vere marrled in Juneof f9l+9 -- that's a }ong tlme ago' (Questionnaire, 197O.)

Ttre "students for lla.Ilaee" period vas closed rdth this story inthe Bnrln:

qrsE'I: - lslrMAN RE-EIJSCmD

AmazLrU ,-VigForyGives tbumanDemo-]Lg4gless

Crow becare a very coomon edible in the natlon as Presl-dent Harry S. I?unan ptrlled one of the most astonlshingupsets in Amerlcan potitlcal history by.wtnnlng Ttresdayrspresidential electlon . (OB, I].ll+/l+8.)

lvlanasing Edltor Richard HiI]- commented in his eaHtorlal that

day: "fhe next four years wlll be better than any of us had dared

ho1E. t'

The years were not to be tranquil. Stlll ahead tere the trlalof Alger Hiss, NAIO, the Smith Act tri.als, the hydrogen bomb, the Rosen-

berg executlons--and the Korean $ar.

130

Cirapter IIriIE STATF ON STHIKE

The Men's tounge of Kerkehoff HalI ras in the I95Os a vorld

of massive leather chalrs, pipe tobacco, polished vooden valls ano

nolsy chess plal'ers. The baleony vas a good plaee, in the early

morning stillness, for a rfleary Daily Bnuin night editor to sleep fora few hours before his I 'clock elass, after he had driven the A$UCLA

station lragon thror.rgh darkened city streets from the print shop, inHollyrood, Iet himself in at the back door of Kerckhoff tlth his key

and stunrbled his vay to the l4en's Lounge without turning on any lightsthat a cruislqg campus eop night spot"

Oecasionally the ehess players ilere banished to another room

as the Men's Lounge vas subverted for use by the University's Board

of Regents or, more often, by a. standing-room-only meeting of the

Student Executive Council eonsidering sotre potent political issue.

On the evening of Feb. 2L, L95Lt just such a crovd gathered ln the

Men's Lounge for an $EC neeting that had been moved from the smaller,

third-floor Memorial Boom" ldost of The Bnuin staff vas there to r.rateh

a crueial vote taken on edj"torial appointeents. Fraterni-ty men and

football players vere there, too, to lobby for The Daily huin staffchoices to go dorm in defeat.

At issue rere tno key appointnents stiil vaeant from the be-

ginnlng of the seregter three weeke before--the editor-ln-ehief and

13r

the featrrre editor. In a larger sense, thor.rgh, it vas not a vote foror against any particular nominees but j"t Yas a vote for or against

The Bruin's eontroversial potiey of alloving all shades of politieal

opinion on lts feature page. Acting Edttor Jerry Schlapik had vrlttenin that mornlngrs DaiIY kuin:

One by one the tights are goirig out aJ.J. over thiseountry of ours. Loyal-ty oaths have been all aecepted,poliiical groups haYe been alt but outlaved, strnakers andrrriters have been all but sileneed.

The issue is not that of conservative versus liberal" The questlon before the natloa is a'hether we shall

contl"nue to enJoy the luxrry of free expression, and peopleof every polltical, economic and social bellef are }iningup on both sides.

One of those llghts that may be going out nov ie thecma]*l, vaverlng flame of independence "liq fltekering lnthe offiees of Bg-!BltI-8S13. (us, 2l2Ll5L-)

Most of the older staffers preeent could look back over nany

another evening of eryeatlnlg out the semlannual ritual of Student

bcecutlve Councll's intervleving of and voting on the staff nominees

for editorial positlons. Edltor Paul R. $imqu (faft, I9h?) Iater

called the counell reetlngs "the bloodiest sensitivity training type

sessions I had ever extr)erleneed. Gronn lren and tloren vere reduced to

tears at these affairs, and several charrged unj"versitLes rrhen they dldnrt

get vhat they wanted--after being evtscerated by their peers in frontof thelr lEers . " (Questlonnalre, llrfo. )

h,rt one facet of the selection procesE changed during the

years fron Simquts tilre--The Snuin began reporting ln fuIL detail as

mrch of the Council meetlnge as it could--vhich often vas not much,

because the usual practiee rras for the Councll to go into exec'utive

r32

(closed) sesslon to tnterviev the candl-dates and debate their qua-Iifi-

catlons. Up to L)\), detailed stortes about Daily Brrrin edltorlalappointnents (or rejections) uere rare indeed.

It vas a tougher group of student editors vho controlled The

Bnuln during these years, ancl ranged against them vas a tougher, more

dedlcated group of conservative students who attempted to do their duty

to their country at rar (in Korea) by cuttlrg down on any controversia]

topics that might give aid and comfort to the enemy. The resultlngclash made a loud noise that heated up the pa,ges of The ft.uln itself .

In l9t+9, ?he Bruln got its first (and, so far as ls provable,

its only) honest-to-Gd, eard-earying Conmunist staff member. Helen

Edelman flas a glft to the eonservatives, vho flna]}y had an albatross

they could hang around the neek of the liberal Bnuln. Mi"ss Edelman,

according to Editor Martin A. Bnorm (sprlng, I95f), IraB "an emotional,

fine, artisttc person rho rcon a scholarship to USC for her rmsic abl}lty. but vho grer so disgusted vith the admlnlstration at USC she

Jotned the Comrnrni"st Party , . . " (Questionna.ire, L97o. ) ana Edltor

Grover Heyler (sprlng, 19h9) remembers Mlss Edekran "mostly for a

marvelous evenlng of Chopln that she delivered at my house ryhen I en-

tertained members of the staff. She nas an aceompllshed planlst. Irms told later she rose to the improbable posltion of soclal editor

. lt seems nery funny lf true"" (Questionnaire, LylO.) Utss Edelnan

figured promlnently in testimony by Dean of Students ltllton Hahn before

the Senate Comaittee on Un-Aml"can Activities in I95?. Hahn said she

exerted eonsiderable Lnfluence upon the editorla-I policy of The kuLnand that she helcl an editorlal board position al"though, as a matter of

133

faet, she did neither. rt is more probable that The hiry kuj.n exer-ei.sed its slnister lnfluence over Heren Ede}uan, just as it did overmany another good student rrriter. The Brtrin al]oued her to beeomet'an excellent rrrLter end reporter (vho) vorked hard, and rrrote storiessithout slarrtingr" as Editor Bnover put it. "she may have Jolned theBruin to infiltrate, but I think she found a liberal, interesting com-

patible Sroup of people ard rerely enjoyed her associati.on because she

was accepted ae rhat she yas." (euestlonnaire, LgTa.) at any event,l,Ilss Ede]manrs coverage of day-to-day ner*s stories (sbe r*as asslgnedto the Student Executlve Couneil for three semestere) ras obJeetivesometlmes to the point of dullness; subJecti"vity nas considered bgd

form by kuin edftors, no matter rhat the eoror of the r,rlterrs partycard- Her feature page arti"clee, hor*rever, rere rrltten to the Comunistvierpolnt, unasharcdly.

Edltor Jack weber (sprlng, L9r3) berieves that Eugene Blank, anlght editor vho r*as rejected for feature editor at that Feb. 21 meet-ing, vas arso a communist" (euestlonnaire, I9rro.) reuer offers no

proof, and Blank's oryn vords wourd seem to belyl this assertlon: "r llkethe Amlean form of government very much, so mreh that r feer justl-fled ln being ar€ry vLth a gronp of people vho are ridlng rough shod

over the princtples upon vhich Lt is based." tna, z/zl/st.) i{ithoutfirther evldenee, the rnost that can be saj.d of Blank is that he rras a

nenber of llenry llallacets Progressive Partyr as many Americans rere in191+8" Blank ie deceased and cannot nor speak for himself.

f'lre road to Feb. zL, Lg5L, began, perhaps nrth the Erie JulbercoLumn calling student Exectrtl"ve council a "creil of red-baiters and

131+

stallers" (see chapter 10). Although Julbar a,as suspentled by the

edttor for ineorrect reportlng and the possibllity of "poor taster "(snc, t+/zS/t+S), the Student Council nevertheless voted to reprimand

feature edltor Jim Garst for alJ.owlng the artlcle to be run. The

councLl defeated a motion to remove Garst, but, four days J"ater,

lntitLons vere circulated on campus to oust him. {AA, l+/Zlll+5.)

Nothing came of them, and Oarst'was reappolnted feature edltor for the

fall term, 19i+8. Sti].]", he had by this time becorre a controversial-

flgure and the eontroversy vas made no lees intense rhen a series of

artlcles against Univereal M1lltary I?ainlng rlas run on the featurepage. The series led Dean Hahn to suggest ln a letter to $tudent Body

l{tlliam Keene and Editor Charles l?ancis that The kuln mlght be

"liable to proseeutJ.on" (presumably for crlm:inal. llbel) because ofthem. (chanc, 19h8, Folder t+a, llzf lt+8")

fhe failure of the reeal} monement against Garst, horever,

left Ttre Bruln in a strengthened posttlon. fn January, L*9, the staffpresented to the Council a slngle slate for lts approval "for the firsttime si.nce before the sar " " . No alternates vill be offered." (Df,

3-5/\9.) naitor Grover Heyler (at present the Alumni Association repre-

sentatlve on Student Leglslative Council) betieves the reason for the

break in tradltion uas becauee of the "relatively conservatine cast"

of Bruin nomlneeg: "ryself, Dick $iIL, Len Gross, none of us vas very

nlJ-d-eyed and I recalJ. that members of the Council . . . seennd by theircomrnents to lndicate that the 'situation' vas under eontrol." (Questi.on-

naire, 1970.) Heyler's assessnent is sharply at odds vith that ofDean Hahn, who Later ihought the single slate rlas a rnethod of insuring

I35

control by leftiets. Evidence fron Dally Barri;: stories indieates thatthe slngle slate rdas intended to be a far-reaehlng return to the earlierexpressed principle (see Page 95) of SEC approval as merely an adminl"s-

trative rubber sta:np: "council approvd- came as the last step in rati-fieatlon of the editorl.a] board eleeted rast sunday by the newspaper's

senior staff ." (DB, t/llt+g.) ff so, lt dtdnrt last.&ring Heylerrs tern, an attempt to remove flegp11r, edltor as

?x offlcio chatrman of Publlcatlons Boarct'ras narrovly averted, )01 to53B, in a student eleetlon" "Could the real reason for the proposal

be that SEC ls afraid of The kuin?" asked tvlanaglns Editor Richard H1II." . . the actual op,eratlon of the Bruin . . . and espeelally the

operatlon of the featr.re page . cannot be tampered rith, " (DB,

3lt6/\g.)That nas a minor victory, though, rrhich eouLd easily have been

lost wlth no danger to The Bnulnrs independence. More serlous nas the

rejection by the Student Ccmncll in l,tay, 19h9, of the tvo staff choLces

for editor a:rd nanaglng editor, Jira Garst and clancy sigal. The reasonsgiven: "Bad taste" in the printing of feature articles, "politicnl"edLtorl.als and something called "lntanglb1es." (Df, >/et+/\9,)

The Bruln replled wlth a Page One edltorial entltled "Air Out

the sne}}, " a trequest not caleurated to be rnet vlth equanlmlty by theStudent Councll.

Ihe rejectlon led to The Bnrinrs first strlke, though that term

lras never used" Five editoria-l- board members submltted thelr reslgna-tions, nhlch uere "accepted and the entlre Daily Bnrin staff appolnted

. (vas) released from its appointrnent"" A temporary staff vas

r36

appointed to trnrbllsh the $unmer kui.n and "the first fer issues of thefall semester untir the matter . . . has been settled.', (suc, 6lt6/bg.)

Fortunately, the strike took place over the suruner and by thefaIL, a nev student councll vas ln offlce, one that had no part1.euLar

vested. interest ln maintatning a feud rhlch it did not begln. rtrattfletl the orlglna.l kuln staff choices and Ttre B::uinrs strlke ended

suceessf1lJ.ly.

l,Iith Garst and slgaI, The Bruln leaclership swung in its arefrom rlght-of-center to reft-of-center--a. positlon vhieh, ln the super-charged atmosphere of the Korean llar, was sJ"np.Ly not tolerabre on the

UCIA campus.

The nen readershlp vas af-so marked by the pr€sence of one ofthe most gifted rrrlters ltre Bruin has produced--Clancy Slgal--rho couldbe srashing and cutttng, or gentre and serene, and vhose best themes

vere trted out in The hrrl"n before being prlnted in hls 513-page auto-biographlcal vork, Going Array (Hougnton tdi.fflin, Lg5Z.) Stgal, tnGoiEq Awa.U. portrayed himself as a former eampus edltor who rras reJectedby a student corncil much rilce the one at ucLA tn r9h9. The book isfilled vith thlnly dlsgulsed altuslons to UCLA student politiclans and

Los Angeles area llbera1 leaders. trt ls a definltive staterent of a

perlpatetlc non-comnunist llberaJ- of the proto-Mccarthy era. slgal-,nor an expatriate vriter livlng ln Great hitain, vrites about UCLA

and Ihe Bruin:

. the unl.versityr my ol"d unlverslty" ft wasspread out on green lanrns, sloping easy lavns, the rust-eolored neo-Renaissance buildings casting shadows on thesquare stone quad . rt nas a sotrthern californla duskand everl*hing rras dark non. Most of the students had

r37

gone ho&e. I walked up to rhere The GrrJ-J.y had once been,to the various class bulldings I remembered. I sar nobodyI had knova* of course . I rmnt back dorm the h111to Haines /EercXirofg/ Hal.I and trled to get in the backdoor . Then I rrent upstalrs, through the vomen'sIounge, to the offlces of !Eg--&.11.X. The entlre bulldingrras deserted. I rnent :ntoffiorts office and dldn'iturn on any of the llghts but stood at the vinclor anclr*atched vhere the sun had gone dorrn. In the little cubby-hole next to the editorrs office the A. P. machlne hummedand btmrped. I sat dolrn ln the editorts chalr, behind avintage Underrood typerriter, and draped my J.eg over thetypewriter rest. fiiat was the vay I used to thtnk and$rite my edltorials. She earlllon in the torer . upthe hill struck nlne orelock . . (SJ.gat, 1952, pp.32-fi")

Dean Hahn sar, corectly, that the single slate nomlnating pro-cedure used twice by Ttre kuln had tlpped the ba-lanee of poner to the

side of the newspatrnr and away f?om sEC, Hahn outlarmd the use of the

singre slate vlth a retter t,o student Body Presldent sherrill tuke(Chanc, L9l*9t Fo1der l+O, ff/3O lt+g\, caLtlng the slate "a general.ly

undemocratic proeedure. He ergued soreryhat tortuously that "rf it isconsldered a sound procedure ln student governnent, the privilegeshourd be extended to a"ll acttvities--athlettc teans, sEC, the band,

theater arts, debate. rf it is an unsound procedure it should be pro-hibited for arl actLvitLes.r' (aa, tzle/[g.) rt rlas a preltmlnary step

to a ner attack on The Bnuln, and OJ.ancy Slgal, vho had been nominated

for reappolntrent as managlng edltor, vas caught in the crossfire, togo dorrn in r*hlte-hot b3.asts of vlthering prose.

End of an Era

Uednesday nlght I rritnessed one of the most revoltingproeeedings of my entire career at thLs Untverslty.

Hednesday night T sav the hand of the vlglJ.ante andheard the voice of the lngulsitor.

138

Hhen I entered the sacred chambers of Memorlalroom for my lntervier ( I ) Uy SUC, the very firstquestlon put to me $as:

t'Clancy, are you a Comrm:nLst?"

(t ttror"rgnt to myself : Is this UCLA, al Americancantrus, December, 191+9 -- Bill of Blghts neek?)

It vas not the motives of the lndlvidual questionerthat arqgered me. f belleve he uas honestly attemptin€rln his ovn rlay, to ald my lost cause by making explicitnhat ras undoubteclly an lnpliclt questlon ln the mindsof many CsunclJ. rnembers.

hrt . I thtnk that the putting of this obnoxlous$5h query ansrms any doubts f may have had concernlngthe rea] lssues at stake tlednesday night.

The real question is freedom of expression. Ttre realquestion ls the contlnued existence of, a free carqnrs nevs-paper.

It is my oplnion that those vith gensitive earscould clearJ-y hear the death rattle of a free studentpress liednesday night. . (nn, LA/L6/I+9.)

Sigal's "3O" editoriat sunmed up his experienee:

UCLA is nmch too tntegral a part of the comnnrnlty notto feel the effects of the poJ-ltica-I lynchings nhlch aresveeping the natlon . It is the tradltion of a Boardof Regents, vtth lts heart in Sacralento and lts head in abank vault, rnthodicaliy teachlng our faeulty to ltve onlts knees. (Dn, !5/>o.)

llevertheless, upon Sigal's rejectlon, TIre Bnuln staff determlned

to try to repeat its success at the po}ls. Feature editor Don Farlger

called sigal a "varklng prlnciple" and oplned that "a ma,nrs poritles,llke hls religlon and his neuroses, are hls <vnn buslness as long as

he can keep them out of hJ"s rray in doing his Job.r' (W, Z/Z3|>O.)

Hith that, the staff circrrlated petitions bringlng sigal-rs f\rture toa vote.

139

But ctrcurnstances had changed slnee the tepid, lrolrt-voteelectlon of the preceding ltfarch" In Febmaryt L95A, the Board of

Regents had issued 1ts "stgn or resign" dectree to the faculty ln regard

to the farnous non-Comxnrnist oath (On, Z/ZB/>O); ideologlea-I rebellionhad become tanta,mount, to treason. And Just a ferr days }ater Helen

Edelman was nomLnated soeial- editor by The Bmrin staffr only to be

reJected by SEC in place of another staffer (non-Commgnlst), Betty

Gilmore. Featqre edltor Don laanger and clty editor Gene Frrrmkln said

in a Joint edltoria-l that the reJection was due to an article lt[iss

Edelrnar had rrrltten clalming that vomen ln the Soviet Unlon "had

attained a degree of equality ln advance of ours." They added:

"Nobody, of course, bothers to tnnestlgate the posslble truth of thisstaternenti " (oB, l/ l/ P.)

Fraternlty Rov eane out strongly for the vote agalnst Slgal

after the Interfraternity Couneil's publica.tion, TlLe llgterrnity I."ont.

claired that Sigal-'s supporters rme"largely ta.bor Youth League rnem-

bers." (DB, t*l>lSo.) On April 5, L95o, Slgal's bid for ma.naging

edltorship rlas reJected, 21272 to 575"*

Spq3yed by the success, eonservatlve students began clrc"ulati.ng

trntltions headeo "GnrE luE SaTDENTS A volcE r$ THE muINr " and. tr 55o

slgnatures caLJ-ed for student election of DalJ.y Bruln edltors. Thotgh

the lnltiative petltion ras never brought to a vote, this ras the plan

that rrae put into effect by the AdmLnlstratlon 1n 1955, vlth dtsastrous

results.

* It ras the second election ].oss for Sigal rithin four months. Thepreeedlng Deeember he had lost a cartrIus "Great Lover" contest by a rmrchnarrsrfer margin"

1l+O

The Bruin ltself afso vanted the students to have a "voice" inthe running of the nerrslnper--but only tirough the work-up system that

had been established so ma-ny years before. At the beginning of every

semester a plea rras made for staff rriters. "Not onJ.y do re have

openings, but ve desperately need peopler " said Associate Edltor Sonya

Levln. (oB, g/tS/p.)Although the vork reguires seneral hours a rreek, Miss

tevln emphasized, the experience one recelnes and theservice one renders to the school ls vell vorth it.

Not only is there an opportunlty to become a neuspaper-man, she coneluded, but the kuin staff offers unexee[edcompanionshlp and social life. (DB, O/lU/p,1

Because of the "People's Fuin" tag, there rras a clearth of volun-teers. But many students vho gained prominence after graduatlon didwork on The kuln during the lmediate postvar perlod. They ineluded

FYank l,{ankiersiezr screennriter, reglonal director of the Peace Corps,

and press attaehe for Sen. Robert F. Iierunedy; John and Eleanor Peterson,

ovners of the Calaneras (Cafff.) Week1y Citlzen and Chroniclei Leonard

Gross, senior (nuropean) edttor of @! magazine; Charles Francls,

director of cornrrunications for the I3M Corp.; lffrlck Land, asslstantmanaging edltor of Look; Eric Julber, attorney a-rtd rriter; Judy Sheftel(marrled to Jules Felffer, the humorist), a llterary scout for P].sybgy;

Irv Pearlberg, rnrlter and televisl.on producer; tee M'ishkin, Ho}lyw'ood

cartoonist and artist; Adriane Kosches (m". Maurlce Hal}), ouner of an

advertlsing a€ency; PauJ. Welch, director of slncial proJects, LLfe;

Robert lffers, chlef of the San tr?anclsco bnreau, Associated kess;Joseph Lewls, staff r*riter, Tlme; Eugene trlrumkin, poet and editor, {ali-fgrnia &EreI Nerlg; HaI Watkins, staff nrlter, Avtation lJeek.

Il+I

Gene FYlnkln, the Poetr vas Bruln edltor dr:ring the semester

that led up to the turnrltuous Student Councll meetlng of Feb,ZLr 195I.

It vas a senrester that saw the vLrtual adoptlon of the right-rrtng

"Crusade for Freedom" by the University Administration. fire Crusade

flas a non-governrenta] organizatton designed to counter Corsmnlst

propagaJtda ln Europe wlth a program of lts ovn. lvlembers of the Natlon-

aI Council included L" M. Gianninl and John Francis Neylan, two hlghly

eonservative Regents" Edltor lSrrmkln rondered "vhat klnd of freedom

men like" Gia^nnini and Neylan advocated. 'lle are aflaLd that our

l"deas . about the meanlng of democraey differ greatly" from theirs.(on, glzzl>o.)

Bhe Administration-planted Satul'9ay Evenl.ne Eost artiele broke

during ftrrmkinrs eenester, and reporters Eugene Blank and Jaek Hefley

develolnd solid featt6es quoting aJ-I shades of sttldeni and faculty

oplnlon about the control/erslal artiele. (pB, lflZOl'o.) A lengthy

edltorial by Ffn:mkln ansvered the charges ralsed by the Eggis encltng

wtth the admission thatThe kuin tras never been lnrfect, is not lnrfect

nor, and never vllJ. be perfect, and, therefore, villalvays be open to criticism. Ho$eYer, an honest checkof the record would avold the chlldish charges vhlehhave been and are belng made against fhe buin.{ns, to/zl/>o.)

fhe Post artlcle, however, gave added strength to a nen drive

to traturel The kuin--this tlne by direct election of the Rrbli.cations

Board ehairman. A fact sheet entitled "Did you lGrow?" vas clrculated

rith a referendqm petJ.tion, llstlng many of the points later raised

in Dean Hahn's Un-American .Activitles Cornmittee testimony. One claim

L1+2

vas that ballots for Dally Bruln staff posl.tions lrere "ta}en lnto a

back room by trro graduating seniors, counted, destroyed a,tad reported

to the Datly kutn staff.t' Editor tr?urnkln denled the charge, said

the ballots ryere kept for later cheeking if necessary and added that"the tbach romt ls really not that sinister; lt is only the edltortsoffice." ("ftuy vere honest electioner" said Edltor Heyler 1n hls1970 questi.onnaire. )

lhrtln hover, nho vas edltor ln 1.95L arrd l.s norr a publlcrelatlons mLter, reca-lled that }?trnk1n ras a "deeply sensitlve, in-teJ*llgent and capable Journallst" rho "trnrmltted hls staff a free hand

under general guidance, pernltting great creatlvity. He vas hlghl.y

Ilked and respeeted.t'

&sr*er r+rote Ip years after hls term that The Bnuln "vas rnerely

ahead of its ttme, " nith edttorlal intereet centered on "ridding the

Universlty of Regulation }J rhleh dld not pernlt on*canpus polltlcal.or religlous speakers" and oppositlon to the Unlverslty loya-tty oath.

"Since pol"ltleal. and religious speakers of interest to the students e'guld

not speak on canpu6, the kuin covered their speeches off campus, which

at the tlme seemed rray out end radica]." Bnorer aJ-so touched. on an-

other source of discontent vlth The Bruln--antisemitlsn.Beneath much of the mistrust of the huLn nas the fact

that at tlmes the entire edltortal board and much of theupper staff nere Jelrlsh. /See footnote, page8f.1 I vasasked seyeral times why thls lras so. [he fact rras thatJenlsh students tend tonard wrlting, enJoyed the compaayof one another, but releomed ancl encouraged nou-Jers toJoln that staff. Tkre resulting group of rmklngJournal.lsts rrae ter:ned by Dean Eahn as a self-perpetuatlng

143

groupr but he dld not have the guts to use the vordJers. * (Queetionnalre, 197O.)

I{everthelesc, presflres rere butldlng up for a change, and durlrgthe vlnter of I95O-51 they eare frm such sourc"es as Preeldent Spncnrl,

members of the Board of Regents and Grcnernor EarI Harren htnself. Hahn

played an actLne role ln defeatlr4g qutet antt noody Jerry Schlaplk, The

hrrlnrs cholce for editor, ln the sprlng term. SchlapLk via6 a frl.end

of Clancy Slga^I and Don Fanger, tro of the most llbera1 of The h:ulnstaff, and Bnoner later sald Sehlapik nas reJected "through gultt by

association.'r (Questlonnaire, ].gfo.) faU" reninded the Student Councl]'

a reek before its vote on Schlapik that "according to the hrbllcationsBoard constltutLon, lrrsons not viUtng to accept thelr posltlons re-gardless of otber appolntnents shsuld be bared from runnlngr " adding

that I'proof of rrerit shorfld rest, on tbe nonlrating rather than thea1ryrovlng body, Ttnrs, no nember of Councll shoulct feel. obllged toappro've a candidatc sinply becanrse there ra.s no proof of reaeon forvoti.ng 'ilo.r" ftren he left the Cqunctl reeting eo he vould t'not be

accused of greJudlclng the discusslon." (DB, lz/l/y.)SchJ.aplk ras defeated on Dee. }J, and, desplte attempts at

compromlse by [tre Barrln staff (includlng the suggestlon of the appolnt-ment of a facrrlty advlsor), he was agaln trrrred down, by an 8-p vote,on Jan. IO. The Counell tapped Bob Strock, f,omer edltor of Sqlttre3n

* Itli.s aeems a rather harsh crlti.clsn. lhere rla6 an antlsemltlcundercurreot anong eremles of The Bruln, but there ts no evldence toindlcatc thst Dean llahn rras part of lt. The antisenltlc tone nasreflected flve years earller ln a plctr:re satire prlnted by Sg inL*7, "A &:uln Editor Is Born, " after vhtch the magazine vasEpendedtemporarlly by the Student Councll for betng a.utleeudtle, a.ntifYaternttyancl antl-intellectua.l. (Og, tZ/>/>2.\

lhl+

C-aarrnrs for the Job even thorgh he rras not a steff uember. (SnC, ill:O/5I.) Morc lnportant nas the fact that Strock vas a conservatlve, not

tainted rrlth the "People ts hruln" brrrsh. Ttre next day, Strock ras

declared tneJ.igible due to grade-polnt deficlenetee, and the Councll

then cast about for a sultable substltute, reJectlng tvo more $on-staffeandidates (SfC, ilZ>ll1-), before rinding up tbe semester vithantnauins an editor.

In the midst of the dissenslon, the Councll took the tlne topass a motlon thanklng ltrelen Edelman for her cffrerage of the neetlngs

rlurlqg the trrecedlng three seresters, ar lrony that dlcl not go un-

notlced by staff members.

I'taanvhile, anotber spark of controversy had arlsen: Arti"clesby feature rmrlter Art Janov (not a nember of The &mrin staff), rere

attacking Unitecl States policy in Korea, NAS0, the Marsha3-J- Plan,

Geman rearma.rent and the defense of Formosa. In the midst of an

antL-Conmuniet hyeterla tha.t rras at its firIL height, Pyesldent Sproul

had abandoned hls earlier lnslstence on alloying the student nevsllalErs

to settle their orm problens. fle rrote directly to Dean lla.bn, rrlthcoples pointedly sent to the three-na:c AdmJnlstratLve Comnlttee thatvas eonerhat realrl-y governlng UCLA after the death of hovost Dykatra

the precedlng lrlay; *fetters keep porring in about the colunn ln the

DaLLy Brrln vritten by Art Janov, inelucltng one r€-cetved today from the Gormnor ts Offlce. I do holnthat sone way siIL be found to keep this young man

* The &nrtn's headline, "IIEART AIfAcK KIr.Ls DyIr,srNA" (DB, ,/8/ro),nas critlcl"zecl by the Adnlnlstration as belng ln poor taste, as ln-deed lt nas"

1&5

from uslng the feattre page of the &rrln a.s a medlurtrfor the propaganda of the party llne, (Og, Z/l3lSt.) *

Dean llatrn replied:l4r. Arthur Janovro materials 1n the huin, referred to

in your nemorandum, hane eaused conslderable obJectlon tone also" Drrlng the flrst semeeter, L9fr-5Lt the onlydlrect aetion poeslble appeared to be censorship of thepaper. Srls, In uy oplnlon, vould have gLnen the leftvlng ln the student body a ueapon rhlch canld have beenused against tbe Universlty for sme yeare to eone. lllleBolicy follored vas to let the serester rrrn otrt vhll"epreparlng nembers of Student hecutive Counell to blockatr4nlntrents to senlor staff rhtch sou^l.d f:ernit the eon-tfunra"nce of l,b. Janovrs or simllar articles. In tbls mhane been successful to clate. Candldates of Mn. Janovrsstrtp hatre been reJected and re are still looktng for anedltcrr wlth more noderate lean'lrrgs. (Cirenc, 1951, Fl.le246-DB, z/n/fl.)

tkre "wayt' fcvr whlch keslctent Sprotrl fias seatrching openecl up

fortnrttously nhen Feature Editor Jack Eefl-ey quit school to Joln the

"A::my. fhe reslgnatl.on left two olnnlngs for the Councll to ftIL, and

llhe Brrrin staff reafftrmed tte support for Sc]r.lapik as edLtor and then

nonlnated Bugene Blank for feature edl.tor.&Lankrvho had ca.mpalgnecl for Henry 1{allace and argued for w:tth-

draving Anerlean troops flon Korea, \{as too uuch for the conservatl've

forceg to svalIow. The Student Cotrncil set up a spec5.al conmittee

rhlch nqainated Bror*er for editor instead. of SchJ.aplk ancl presented. the

narues of Anne lo.igman and lrv Shiner for managlng edltor to repLa.ce

&orer. Shimer and Rex Bexrode, a non-staff transfer student flonGlend.ale ColI.ege, rere nomlnatecl for feature editor l"n plaee of Blank.

* Dean Hahn dld not uentlon that another regrrlar Bmln eolunnist nasWalter Stemrt, rhon Hahn called "the strnarhead of antl-comunistactlon." (Cha.nc, L95L, Fo1der 228, Z/X/>t.)

1l+6

The "Bnrrta sltuatlon has reached a point yhere not only should

1t be cleaned up but the fluld sltuatlon makes thls an unueually good

tlrer " Dean Hahn rrote to the Aclnlnlstratlve Comlttee the day before

the CounclL rras to vote.

In the ltght of cereepondence whlch President Sfrou1hss ha.d rlth the Gonernor, the Regents, and other lnople,lt seems to ne that ue are at a place rtrere a chol.ce mrEtbe nsde betreen censonshlp and a noneenaorshlp sltuationuith a more close cont'roI than ls tnre cvr has been tme.(ctraac, t95Lt Folder 2h5-DB, z/m/*.)

On the other side, .Actlng Edltor SchJ.aplk vrote ia The Bnrin

of Feb. 2L, 1951:

rAIN WARI{II{G

ffiC meets agaln tontght to eonsider Ehe Datly hrrl.nsltuatlon. Let ttrie edltorlal serve as falr varning.fhis ls not j"n any ray a threat. Ittls is a statemnt offact.

Ibe De*ly Buln canaot contlnue rdthout an edltor"No one ls walklng out. there l"s no strike. But peopleon the paper are Just plalnly dtsgusted taith the presenteltuatton" Ehey feel that they hane no Job securtty,They feel that there is no use to eontlrnre rorking onthe Banrtn as l"ong as Stuclent Erecutive Counell has shovnso llttJ.e regard for the paBer by del"aylng the edLtortaJ-appolntrent reIL lnto the beginntng of the semester.

So far there have been slx applieants for the post.It vould aot be ur:reasonable to form a club of reJectedcandldates for editor, and 1f thinge keep golug as theyhave been, lt nlght uelI becone the largest organlzationat UCL,A.

Ttrat errcntng, in the tense and cronded liten's Lounger* the Etudent

Council naraed horler edltor, and he took his seat on the CorncLl as ex

officl.o Publlcatlone Board chaiman. Then, the Councll eonsldered the

feature edltor spot. Shfuer, a long-tire Daily hrln staffer and a

rr !,ty otrn reeoJ-lectlon of thLs event ls refreshecl by referrlng tomy cliary.

L4T

moderate yho had been favorably impressed by the Crueade for freedom,

rras the flrst to be lnterviered. He uas askect! "If you $ere appolnted

nanagirg edltor fnsteaa of featurg/, and Rexrode rere mad.e feattreeditor, rhat vstrJ-d your posltlon be?r' thlmr ansrnred, slouly aad

quletly, "I'd feel obliged to flght hln untll be ras sut." Sre Councll

rnenbers, both conservratives and. Ilberals, looked unhappy.

Ttre roIL rras callecl aad Rerode ras appoS.nted feature edltor--the fLrst non-staffer to be naroed to the EdttorlaJ- Board up to tbattr-ue.

A llberal. eouncll nember then moned to appoi"nt Shtuer as manag-

lng edltor, but the notton d.ied for lack of a geeond. Brouer, a nornaJ*ly

qulet man, vho had slrmped nor{lessly through the entire sequence,

finalLy exploded Ln anger.

"I dontt }lke to f,esignr " he eald. ttfhe &uln has alnays conn

flrst here at sehool. Schoo1 ltself has been oeeondarlr rlth re. I and

the rest of tbe sta"ff harre vorked ].ong and hard on ftre &ruin. And non

vlth Ccvuncllte aetion, +11 the baslc precepts of Job seoerlty a,nd the

rlght of a trnrson to rrork up to a posltlon hane been ahatteredl fhrree

and a half yeara, neking tblrty hours a veek -- shotl I reslgnl"Brom puobed baek hls chalr and strode frqr the rom. As one maa,

the hnrln staff rose and follorecl hlm. fhere rrere shouts, amd nol.se

and confirsloa. {he staff rras on strlke.Bno,rer nent to the telephone to caJ.]. Schlapik, to te].} htm that

the "entlre staff rras behlnd frtn /Scilapif and ready to fi.ght for tris

appointoent. He sounded tirecl and not very intereeted." (questton-

natre, 1970.) nt the staff ras keyed up and restless. Many uent to

1liS

a Beverly f,1llg restaurant for eoffee aud conyersatlon far into the

aight.The nert day, tlashlagtonrs Blrthd&y, there rere no elasses and

no Bnri"n. In the evenlng, hor*ener, a-n exhilarated kutn staff got to-getber to prt out thetr final issue for !?lday. Soreone vas on the

Bhone, an offlcial staff list 1n ha"nd. AI1 nenberg uere eontacted tosee 1f they rere or vere not goi.ng to reslgn; at thls cmetaJ. point Ttre

Banrln staffers vanted aeeuracy in their paler nore than ever. A fev

Council nenbers appeared slnce the Councll had decided to put out the

succeedlng issues itself. A nenber of tbe editorla-I board shqred then

the plant, explainlng hor The Bruln ras nade up, anrd 1trsn they left.A glrl rusheci lnto the shop, holcllng an early edttlon of the

next norntngts Los Angeles Exaadner. "Wetre ln the palefr" she calledout. A amall group gathered to read:

DAILT XRUINFACtsS CBISTp

. staff members, vho have been restgntng all veekrnet ln Holl5mood to organlze a referendum to the etudentbody in thelr flght rlth the Student Counell . .

the Council said lt sought an editor free of eonnee-tions rlth trnst reglmes rhlch earned the papr ttte campusnlcknsme of "The People's htln"

In }pl+8, hundreds of students petltioned the StudentCouncll to hal.t the "relnated Red-taLnted artlcles" and"party-ltne tendenci.es" of the hnrln.

A spokesxoan for the Student Counell salcl lt had beconeI'unfaohl"onable" to vork on the Snrln, enil under pastreglmes anyone on the etaff was eonsldered a leftlst.(raax, a/pS/St.)

t'Ho113nrood?" eatd one Etaffer."Itrat's to glve tt more subversive elngr" expLalned another.

149

'That a bunch of crapl" added a thtrd. "Ict's get ba"ck torork. "

fhe storles rere vrttten, the typ rias set and the luge ofuetel type inked by hand rtth a stlclqr black roller, Ehe hearry platenof a proof press squeezed tvo large sbeets of eopy paper lnto the hard

retal- type, and tbe paper nade a soft mstling nolse as it was trnlledavay flom the foru. A 95-po1nt heedline Junped cnrt eonsplcuously,

"DB SSAFtr RESIGT{S," and Nlght Editor Sonya tevin read the storybeneath lt thoughtftrlly and eareftrlly:

Dy Ann l(Llgman a]td Sonya Levln

Actlon of Student Ereeutlve Corrncll Hednesday night i.nappolntlng a non-mnber of the hrln staff as feature edl-tor has resulted ln the realgnatton of the enttre nerestaff personnel, effectlve as of today. Monday's palnrviIL be put out by SEC menbers, vlth the atd of IIarryIrtorrJ.s, AST CLA dfu"ector of prbllcatione, and any studentswlshing to rork (On, Z/zS/>t.)

Ttren she turned to the tro-colrrnn front-page edltorlal, bordered

ln blaek:

Rest in Peace

.At approximately I a.m. Shursday nornlng ?he UCLADaily Fuin, rounded many tlues durlng ltE exlstence aaone of the greatest college dailles ln the Unlted States,ras ki].led. Ihls ls the offlcla]. announcement of ltsdeath. Consideri.ng tbe onslaught it hae had to faceduring tts many years of erlstenee, it ls a niracle thatlt survlYod eo long.

torhere ln this country has a periodical undergonethe kind of punlshnent The Bnrtn has undergone" Feupapers eould have stood up as long as tlre Bruln has.

Tbe hlstory of The Bruin is paeked vlth accounts oflts battles for suryival. It has not been an easy fight,and lt has talen a 1.ot of compromlses frqn the staffsthrough the years, calllrqg upon then to compromlse rhat

150

they belleved i.n just hov far SEC thought recould be pushed I don't knor . . hon could they havehacl the nerYe to try to go this far?

the staff ia fightirgmad . . . rre are going to aplnalto the campus, to thelr serure of fair play, to thelrprinctples of decency" litany men bave experinented rtthbrlnglng the dead baek to llfe. l{aybe $e can lnrfornthis nlracJ.e vlth Ehe Daily httn.

So ends a great era in college Journallsm. I'le hadsuch great plans, such high ldeals. I personally cannotbe harsh vltb the trnople rrho killed The Enrin -- theythlnk they knor so much, they knor so little, they haveso m,eh to learn'

---!rlartln A. Bnorrer

l{ext to the edltoriaJ. vas a slngle-eo}umn box, lnserted at the

requeot of the Student Counej.I.

SaE The kuinThe hily kuin i.s your newspaper -- the voice of the

campuS.

Dre to the suddea resignation of most of its preeeatstaff, the palnr is ln danger of havlqg to suetrnndpublieatlon.

Your Student Erceqrtine Council has deternlned to keepthe paper golng in the present emergency. AlL hrrinsrishlng to help in this crlsis are urged to core to theRrbltcatlons office, Kerekhoff ha-ll 2OI, today,

i{alter PerklnsSC Cormittee Chalrraan

ftre staff net tr?lday afternoon to eonsLder the next step. There

nas conslderable dlssenslon and 1t vas declded to reet again that nightin a private hone after the UCtA-Celifornia basketball game* to contlnue

the dlecusslon. (ffrfs may have been the orlgtn of Dean Hahn's claim

* "You eantt say netre not Rah-Rahr" I rmrote in my diary.

Ir].

at the 1956 State $enate Comrnlttee heartng that ?he ktrln held "nld-night" rneetings.) Some of the staff ranted to stlck by the originalBruln slate, but the majority felt lt ras important to compromise lnorder to "get The hrrln back as a mean6 of free expreaslon as quickly

ttas possrore.

the Councilrs posttion, horever, vas solidifylng. fhe paper

appeared every day for the next tro $eeks, rnost of Lt consi.etlrlg ofsporto storles, Eince the sports staff had not reslgned. "UC[.A WAIfIS

A PAVILIONI" a banner head screa.med one day, j.n a fasbion consldered

Jorrnal.lstlcal.ly uaprofessional by the regular staff, vho crept up

nervcrusly to the hal-luay outside The hnrin offlce aad watched the

strangers valking back and forth lnslde the familier dooruay. The nerr

rritcrs uere called "interim" staffers by the Councll and "scabs" by

some of the more angry Btrin resLgnees. Chairman Joseph handt of the

Department of Journalism rrote to the Administrative Connnlttee: "As yon

have undoubtedly seen, the long, patlent and underetandlng uork thatDean llaln hae done vith the student gonerrnent and the management oftbe DAILY BBUIN has at l.ast borne frult." (Chanc, L95L, Folder 2k6-DB,

l/l/>t,) fhe frtlt uas descrlbed lees delicate\r by staffer Bob lr{yers

(uho }ater becane edi.tor) as an "abortlon of journaJ"Lsm." (pS, f/ff /f2.1Editor Brouer reca]-].ed the after^raath of the strlke:TJae staff ras not happy out of their Jobs, consldered

ne thelr leader, and re reallzed that the paper vas goingto pot rlth the so cal.led "scab" ataff. tle decided vecould do a better of fightlrg trrong from nithln than fromvithort, anrd so, si.ace my resignatlon vas not "accepted"officially, I trled to atep back ln. fhie rras offlclatlyvoted dovn by the Student Ebcecutive Council. As it worked<rut, Lt ras better that nay, slnce rhen I rae offleiaaly

t52

a6ked to come baek for appolntnent, I dld so after theStudent Csuncil agreed that certain regulatione regardlngIength of serrlce on the Bruln rorLd be adopted so thata.n inexlnrlenced person could not be appolnted ffon otrt-slde. (Questionnalre, f97O.)

Tro veelcs after the nass reslgnatlon, Borer and three other

members of the "old" staff rere reappolnted to the Edltorial Board. Rue

Corey, a nerrconer nho had rorked dillgently and nell durlng the tro-reeklmrlod, ras app,olated flm the "lnterLa" gtaff. Encyner vrote:

Back.. t-o l{ork

Last l{ednesday alght . . . the "old &.trln staff" camebach to work on Tire Daily &trln. The lmlecllate questlonralsed *as lfhy? Ihe ansrer, rre belleve, J-les ln orr laetsentence: back to fhe kuln. to them, and to anyone whorrorks on or ener has vorked on the neyspatrEr, the term"$re BnuLn" gets to nean somethlng lntanglble, souethlngthat stands out above all- e1se, sonethlng to be protrcl of

The greatest problem in our returning nas rhat to doslth the "nev staff." Coirld ne rork together? l{e decldedthat the obJectlves of both the "old" and "nev" staffsrrcre the saxe -- a great Datly Bnrin. . .

fhe vaeatlon ls over -- it's tirre to go back to nork.(on, s/g/5L.\

In truth, abcrut a thtrd of the "old" staff reuained a*ray from

the palnr--genera).1y strrea^klng, the more llberal" staffers (a mo'ne hard

to square rrlth the concept that they rere CommrnlEts attempting tocontrol the papr). And, at flrst, the "old" and the "nev" staffs didnot nesh harmonl.orsly, especially rhen the interim staffere vere gtven

nlght and desk edj"tor positlons that night have gone to hard-vorklrlg

senior reporters frorn the forrer staff. InsrrJ.te rere exchanged anct

hard words flev.

r53

Bit by b1t, thorgh, the &nrln spirlt began to vork 1ts nagle.One day, a dlehard staffer vho had never fsund anything good to say

about the t'scabs" yotuateered to vork as a copy edLtor alongslcle ani€ht edLtor from the lnterlm staff because there vas uo one else todo the Job. Soon, the oJ.d and new staffers began to ni.ngJ.e harnoniotrslyon sociar occaslons and at, the shop" Ttre Bruin splrit had fliekeredbut it had not gone out.

1>b

Chapter 12

THE NEI{ GOTDEH AGE

Qulte frankly, I try to forget those yeers on theBrrrln al-tbough I ruade nany good JYtends shour I stLLIsee. (1953 faitor Al Oreensteln, Questionnalre, I9?'0.)

I guess a psyehlatrist rould say I've develolnda "bIoek" about those days. I knov that the effortto recall hae been dlsquleting -- not to say unnervlngand traunatlc -- but don't quote me. (An edltor ofthe Thlrties, nane vlthhe3.d, Qr*estlonnoire, I97O.)

. recollectlons hane a nay of eonforning to vhatone wishes had heppened rather than rhat dtd haptrnn-(fgt+g Edltor Groner lleyler, Questionnatre, 1970.)

It had been three years stnce I ha.d rritten my first very bad

story for The Datly Bruin as a eub reporter. I{ow I vae stantllng on the

balcony of mrltiepired Kerckhoff llaLJ-, Just outslde fhe &min officevlndons, talklng vlth llarty Rosen, the srnalL, intense stuclent body

president. I nas tristtrqg the ruler I used to lay out fhe Bruin'spa,ges; I had rlsen fron cub to senior reporter to desk and night edltors

to productlon mana6er to cLty edltor, Ehe next step nas managlng edi-tor and, beyond that, if posslble, edltor-1n-chlef. hrt the Student

Councll had reJeeted ny bld for the managtng editorship the nlght before.

I vas angry.

'\.lhat tn hell ls this aL1 about, Marty?" I askecl. 'That the

devll is goLng on?"

l-55

Rosen talked, but he corl-cln't explaln |t hlneelf . I am slre

he didn't have a]-]. the ansvers.

"fherets a group out to get yctlr" he eaid. "You knor vho Inrean. took, you kao* you lrrltate a 1ot of lnople and then, besldes

that, rell, someone sav a copy of aa Un-Anerican ActlvLties CoEmlttee

report rlth yorr father's neme in it."Hith my fatber'g nape 1n lt, holy chrlst! so trhat, vho cares

and vbat klnd of vorld are \.e llvlng in?

I asked Rogen i.f there vere any chance of hls getttng the

Council to reverse lts decislon and he said he rould do hle best.

I uent back |n my office and refl,ected. I had afuays llked Rosen,

feellng he had a torrgh Job ln a tough time. Years later, he rrrote about

hts term as ASUCLA Presldent:

In retrospect, lt ls elear to rae non that I ras qulteimature ancl overly solleitous of adninistratlon vl.evs.On nany oceaslons, I belteve, I rae conned or nisled.Ite mtrst rerember, hotrever, that these ldere the days ofSenator Joe lrlc0arthyrs vltch hunt and ttre days of theKorean rar. . . the students Yere generally qulte sub-mlsslve . . Conduct by the Dean of Students offleeTas, I am sure, veII lntended, but not always candld orstralghtforrard. fhe donlnant theme, rhi.ch ve bought,yae t'Don't roek the boatr" and re dldntt. (Aeketman,L%9, p. ?3. )

If "Don't roek the boa.t" rra6 the thene for the Student Council,

"Create a, fev traves'r vas the thene for the Daily E,uln. The hnrln vas

not a cnrsading nevspaperr but i.t didn't dodge the nevs, either, and

there vas plenty of nerrs durlng the early Flftles--both on ca&ptrs and

off.During I95I, Dean Hahn suspended the Carver CIub, a Negro or-

ganization, frou canprs actlvities because it had iavlted speakers for

L56

t{egro History l{eek before submitttng a proposed progra& to the Dean's

office. (pf, a/y>/>t.) A University of llashington student editor nas

disnissed by a faeulty eommittee because he devoted "so raueh tlme to

tbe prosecution of one partieular lssue he cannot effectively serve the

student bodyr " (DB, llll/>l) a suspenslon that vas important to fhe Blaln

because the presldent of the University of Uashington at that tl.ne rae

Raymond B. Allen, nho ras to be appolnted Chancellor at UCLA later that

year.

on April II, 1951, Itesldent l?uman remorred General Douglas

!&ecArthur lton hLe eomrand ln Korea. The Daily Bruin edit,orl'alized:

A FAETE

Once upon a tirc there rras a little boy named Doug}asrho like to play uar. Oh, he lrad such fun rrith hls toysoldlers, tanko, and guns. The only trouble rras that hevould pLay xith them so long and so hard that he rouldoften break them. hrt Dcug dldnrt care. There lfere moresoldl.ers and other toys there these ea:re f?om, a blg toyshop ca)-led the US.

Horl thls little boy llked to nake rash prourises toother boys about his toys and hov he could play rltb thenacross the street. flis father, Hary, would often te).lour hero not to nake these statements becauee daddy souldnot back thera up as sonny boy thought he would. &lt Dottgdldn't care. Possibly he thought that 1f he made theboasts often enough he voulcl get hlmself lnto so rmrchtrouble that papa vould have to let hln go across thestreet to play war.

Therefore, he nould not heed the rep'eated varnings ofhis father, Harry. &rt daddy kner that papas alvays knovbest and that the head of the fa.ully was the onJ.y one vhoeould malrc deeisioas' He knen it $4.8 poor for lltt1e Dougto eross the street.

Flnall"y, after rep,eated varnlngs, papa Harry had todiscipline DCIrg. First he spa.nked bim but that dldnrt rork.So as Doug ate lunch one day this veek, fiarry took avay al].of hls tlttle boYrs toYs.

And the fanily lived lnacefnlly ever after--re hope.(nottor !,lartin A. Brorrcr, D3, zlrcl>t.)

t17

One brtght spot ln I95I vas the end of the Untverslty LoyaltyOath.

Lolralty Oath Dles After 1\ro Iearo

By Joe. Lesis

Unlversity of Callfornlars toyal"ty Oath is dead.

In extstence for only a tvo-year span, the oath'sas thecentral lssue in many an editoria,I eolunn, academlc seminar,after-dinner eonversetton and political meetl.ng.

0n lts last legs stnce the decision ln favor of the 18non-slgners handed down by the Third Dlstrlct AppellateCourt last !t{ay, the edict flnal}y succumbed at }ast veekreBegents' rreeting at Berkeley.

fhe deelslo1/ rlas mor€ of a forrsalJ.ty than anythlngelse -- tt ccrrld even be consl"dered as the ].ast ritee forthe oath . (os, u/rg/>t.)

hd, in December, the Board of Begents appotnted Raymontl B. AlJ.en

as UCLA's first Chancellor. Edltor Bob $yers said editorially:Let us celebrate the namlng of Dr. Allen as chancellor.

And in our reJolclng, let us hope that vlth a man of Dr..trllea's caliber as lts ehlef, UCLA can assert itgelf as aIeader ln the fle1d of education and can soon becone freefrom tbe enctrmbertng rreb that goes rlth dependeace ulnnBerkeley. (w, tz/tt />t.\

hrt he rarned tbat the ehancellor nould have a "battlevlnnlng the faculty over to his side. He holde the dublous dlstinctionof being the flrst college president to disregarcl that cherished posses-

51on, tenure, in flrlng three l{ashirqgton professors i"n f9l+9 for '6ubver-slve t activitles. "

The year 1952 began rlth hesldent Sproul bannlng Comunlst

speakerg Ilom aII eampuses of the Unl.verslty (DB, t/g/>el" Dean llahn

barred the paelflet nagazl.ae Anvi.l from sale in the student store beeause

he felt 1t nas a parttsan polittcal prblicatlon (DB, t/lO/SZi he rrag

158

opposed poli.tely but firuJ-y in hls decLsion by student Davld li{eReyno1ds,

a Soclallst, vhose brother ltartin vas Iater to become a Dally Barrln

editor. fhe saoe year, the Student Councll voted to bal the sal.e ofal Comunlst publlcatlons in tl:e bookstore. (pg, Z/tl/Se.)

Near the end of the year, the Universi.ty sustrnnded Scop nagazlne

for "poor tastet' ln an artiele parodylng Sen, Rtchard Nixon, the vlce-Presldentlal candidate. (nA, tZ/t/SZ.) David McReyaolds coramented

facetiously that lf the magazine ranted to go underground, "I know a

good cellar and have lots of experlence along this line." (OA, V/Z/,2.\ McReynolds rras not eernlng aay good riIL for the fnm'ily name, as

his brother I'tartin rras to flnd out tuo years ]ater.In Berkeley, Presl"dent SprorJ. eraeked dom on the DalJ"y CaIi-

fornlan, vhieh had run tlrree articles on a Comunlst-sponeored youth

festlval ln East Ber11n. He named an Advlsory Board to consult yiththe Daily CaL staff on raaterla] to be pubJ"tshed 1n the paper. DailyBnuln EdLtor Peter Graber opposed the Adyisory Board but claimed thatthe Daily CaI "fel1 dorn ln lts responslbllity" by not publtshing any

artlcles opposlng the trbstival. (On, Z/Zg/>2.)

Ihroughout r.912, the natlon's collegea uere rltrn targets forIeglslatlve lnnestlgating eonnlttees, rho nere tnrsy dolng the things

that later caused Bichard Bovere to rrrtteMcCarthyism ranpant managed, for a tirae, to makepolltics ln Ameriea seem alrnoet entirely a rnatter of

idlottc chetter about "loyal.ty risks" and "securttyrlsks" . . a vLsitor from another civillzationvsuld have been forsed to concede that ln the UnltedStates the neaeure of politleal vlrtue vas the nrmberof unrorthy civtl servants a goyernnent could manageto dismiss. (Rovere, L959, p. ).?.)

L59

Southern Callforni.a colJ.ege presidents rrere invLtetl to e meeting

rlth the State Senate Comnlttee on Un-Amerlcan Aetlvltles ln itureh

vhere they promieed to appolnt "contaet aenil f<rr Conmittee investlga-tors in an effort to need out Commturlsts on their campuses. EditorGraber sald it rlas a natter of belng - -

So].d Doun the RiverA speclal Loyalty Oath . . Regulation 17 . . . an

Advlsory Board for a student neffspaper .

These are a fen of the mllestones ln the recent hiatoryof a onee-proud lnstitution, the Unlverslty of Callfornla.And nsw they have a ney bedfellor -- a representatlve foreach UC campus to the State Senate's Co@lttee on Un-ArnerlcanAetlvLtles ,

l{hether this retrresentatine wLLl ln effeet be a spy ispurely a matter of conJeeture. Yet one must questlon thenlsdm . , . in agreeing to the appolntnent of such a "con-tact man" vho corJ.d so easll-y exerclse a poJ'lee porrer overprofessors and students. . . .

lJhen an educational lnstltution no longer has the f?ee-dom to cboose its onn Lnstructors and instalJ. and impl-ementlts snn systen of housecleaning -- wlthout the presence ofa "contact nan" and a prrbltcity-seeklng leglslative connrlttee--then lt has becoue a prostltute ln the academle norld.(ps, l/st/Se.)

?hese storles and others rere covered by reporters and edLtors

rho brought a nen Golden Age to The huln--certainly up to the standards

that had been set in the fhtrtlee and early Fortles.tleough there uere stl}l recurent and serlous staff shortages,

those uho stuck vlth the paper ryer€ competent and profeseLonaL crafts-men. Peter Graber, as city edltor, brought in horlzontal nake-up arld

vhite space betveen gtories. Jaek l{ef1ey, Jaek t{eber, Joe Levis and

A1 Greensteln covered campus controversies v'ith nlt and excltement.

The feature page contirmed to be ttre voice of the student body, but

160

conservatlves stlll conplalned that lt ras don:inated by lefbists and

vor6e.

fhe "new" a:rd the t'old" staffs merged and uorked rreIl in the

shaky aftermath of The hrln ualksut of trbbma.rry, L95L. Dean Hahn raspleased. He rrrote to Edltor Bob Myers almost a year later that "you

have been the best edltor slnce Chuck Francls. llhls is htgh praise."(Chanc, 1952, Fo].der Z\6-OA1/$/fZ.) Or:e event that lent dlstinctlonto lfirerst tem rras the eelebratlon of 3he kuin's Silver AnnLversary,

vlth the motto "A Quarter Century of Servlce to UCITA" ru.nning dailybeneath the Page One flag. A specl.al annineraary ediiion, featurlnga double-tnrck photo 1-ayout of a ttrrplcal dayrs production, ran on l{ov.28, v:ith this edl.torlal by lt(yers;

2t Iearp of Servlce

Fbiday, Oct,. 22, LV2.5, is a date long to be rernemberedia the annalE of UCLA. For it uas on tbat day that the

. na&e of the student nerspaper ehanged from "Dallyorl.zzly" to "Daily kuin."Slnce that time, UCLA has dropped the "southern

branch" nonsense and has grorn to such proportlons thattt is completely capable of becomfu€ an 5.ndelnndentunlversity. .

Itts been a storny quarter-eentury for llhe &uln.Almost before the lnk had drled on ite first issue, 1thad been branded a6 a "red" nevspaper. Tkre attack haseontirnred ever slnce, and although the persons vho sJ"armrledThe Bruln so many years ago have departed, the cry stlllsounds the sa.re--"ftrat damn Fuin ig red."

Btrt ciespite the turbulent llfe lt has l.ed, Ttre Brulnhas eontinued to publish daily slnce LW6. Staffs heveeome and gone, but The kuin-tradltion has lived on.

fhe Daily Bnrln has conpleted 2l years of service toUCLA. ft has been an lnfluence and an experlence in thellves of the thousands of students vho have read it. !,fay

I61

it continue to retain the position of hlgh integrity inthe f\rture that it has achieved in the past. (pg, ff/30/5L.)

The special issue featured quotations fron stories of past years,

an intervieu by CarI t. Caln vith a"lrrmntrs Matt t{einstock, vho ras atthat time the featured coJ-umnlst for the Los .Angeles Datly Nevs, and anewly drarrn eartoon by tiues etaffer kuce Russel"l featurlng, of course,a bear--this one vearlng an etrreshade and carrylng three lnrge penellsover hLs shoulder.

Under "Hatrry TeILs Us Ue're Not OId Enough to Celebrate, "

The Bruin larented the fact that kestdent [?rrnan deellned to send acongratulatory nessage because his policy vas to lrmit them to prblica-tions reaehing at reast )o years. 'te are cmshed gnd feel very Juve-niler" a nerrs story sald. "Earryts chances for reelection have takena nosedlve beeause he has lost The Daily hutn vote. "

A story by Vivian Shuluan took a backnard look at fashione ofL725, ryhen "coeds vere dtscusslng the pros and cons of ttrousers forvomea, I the daringly new innonatlon of Parls couturLers."

fhe featured. story by Joe Levj.s on fhe hruinrs checkered hlstoryended with the words:

Probably the thing that hurt 7!he Butg/ most uas thesame faetor that plagued the ilormeJ- Ortlook back ln 1911--studeat apathy . the DB ie still faeed rlth the sa.meproblems, the same lntrigues and the sarne hopee fsr thefuture.

It rIL probably be here as long as there ls a Uni.ver-slty. (on, yt/el/>t.)In the sp,rlng semester, L912, Peter Graber took over as edltor and

The hmin moved its shop to the Beverly Hil-ls Cltlren, nhere a Unlted

L52

Press machine uas instg.l'led (vire service had been dlscontinued as an

econoqr measure a fev senesters earller). A daily rlre nerrs eolumn was

begun on Page I\:o.Edltor Graber nae later described by his predecessor, ldartin

borer, as "$lgkrly excltable, but a strong and eapable Jotunallst wlth

a strength for layout and form. A strong departure from the concerned

tatellectuals vho preceded either of us. EnJoyed nerspapertng for nevs-

papering alone."

Graber rras a perfectionlst. f,e began a serles of "Correctl.on

Soxest' vhich had to ::trn the succeedlng day rrhenever there uas a mistalre,

oo rnatter lror trlvla-I. Often boxes rqu}d be printed five days a week.

Corrections

UCLA's honre rnanagemeat laboratory did not express anopini"on on the University's operatlng budget, as was reportedtn yesterdayrs Brrin . .

A second discrepancy uhich eplnared yesterday stated thatthe lncldental fee is $3. The fee is $3f plus the $B mUCi,afee. (Dn, zltg/>2.)

Correction

An error occured on l{ednesday'a edi.torial lnge rrhenthe vord "uonkey" vas erroneously used ln place of "moekery"in the editcrial entitled "Strategy." (DA, S/tt+/fZ.)

So ue]'l received uas The Bnuln that Lleutenant-Governor Goodvin

J. K:eight praieed the p.per &s "aB ercellent tablold replete vith campus

neue aad a good co\rerage of all affalrs lncludlng sports and soelalactivltles . tr!7 is one of the best of the eoJ.lege publtcatlons

' " (on' t+/eSlfz')

153

Jointly vith the ner Graduate Department of Journallsm, TLre

kuin began to sponsor hi.gh school Janrnall.sm days 1n the hope ofattractlng nore norkerE to pd out scanty staffs. speclal saturdayissues vere dLstributed to the younger students exprax.ning hulntrrocedure.

Everybody.Ta-Lks Aborlt It . . Eere's flo$ Thgy Found OBt

An organlzation plaas a meeting . . . a professor glvesa lecture . . . an athletlc eontest te herd. students dependon The Dally kuin to keep then lnfomed of happenlngs on andcamtrxrs. lhe city room of the carn3nrs daily ls a gristmlJ*l fornews touchlng every aspect of corlege Ilfe. trlevsgatherlng 1oa continual- process. Early eaeh day rrrlters check the mornJ.ngcopy board for story lnforrnation to be lrepared for prbJ'lca-tlon (f). Afternooa actlvlty centers arorxrA the horseshoe deskvhere the night staff, conslsting of a. night edltor and a deskedltor, is statloned (2). ftre desk edltor dlstrtbutee asstgn-ments recelved fron the city editor and reads copy alreadyturned in by reporters. ?he nlght edltor consolldates the copyfron vhlch the clty edltor (3) eakes layouts after the rnaJori-ty of the etorles irave been rritten (4). . At the shopthe nlght editor ls ln cmpJ.ete charge of that particular edi-tl.on of the ca:atrms datly. Other nlght staffers at tbe shopare the desk editor, the sports night ectltor and the proof-reader. . o i .At 7 a.m. Bml.ns are distributed on canpug.c . . A crltlgue or "he[ sheet" ls posted by the managinged.itor in TIre Bnul.n office srrggestJ.ng lmprovernents s^rrd credlt-ing good norX (fe) " Ihe managtng edltor al.so talks over thefinished product rLth the ntght editor, polnting out in detallthe variotrs nristakes that rere nade. Bf this time, vork on thenext dayrs Dally &rrtn aLready has begun, I{eusgatherLng ls acontlnua3. process . . everybody talks about lt. (OB, >/Zt+/>2.)

Desplte the hard vork and the professional elr abqrt the paper,

or maybe because of it, there rrers no separatlng The krrln frm thepoJ.lticaJ. miJ.leu around lt.

Late in 1tl2 fhe Bnuin nas attacked because of an article by

Eugene Elank Ln vhich he defended convieted atonlc sples Ethel and

Jull.us Rosenberg. (Og, ]-],/Z\/SZ.) (glarrk had left ?he Baruln staff

15lr

temporarlly after the staff ralkout but vas still vrlting oplnlon

artleles for the featr.re page.) peature Editor Joe Lenig saLd one irateeal ler nanted to knos lf Tkre kuln had a "5rolJ.cy of defendlng Corrmrntst

traito,rs." Lerts replied: "Afber aJ-I, Amerlca'e greatest asset has

altrays been fueedom of Expresslon." (on, tz/\/52.7A dlstant echo of the ].91+5 kuin trouble vith the l{arner

hothers picket llne vas heard Ln L952. frank Under:nood, The Suinrsclrculatlon nanager and chairman of the Students for Eisenhower club,

rlas censurecl by the Adminlstration because hts group draped 'ICLA forIke" balners on a bus. "I hane made enough apologles for my aetions and

I am not sorry that people outside tbe Unl.versity nov reall"ze there are

Reptrbllcan students on canpusr" he said. (Og, fO/f6/>2")On Dec. T, L952, llhe &rrln staffmet for an a).l-day eleetion

sesslon and, by secret bpllotr nonlnated Jack }leber for edltor. (pn,

L2/B/52.) I vas noalnated 'nanaging ecLltor. Publicatlons Eoard aptrrroved

the entlre slate but, re aJ"]. noted trlth sore concern, there vere soue

Pub Board members abstainlng in my case. Ihese abstentlons vere the

signal for another Burrin-ffiC crlsis.After a ftve-hour Student Cqrncil sesslon I nas turned dorn by

the Council, and I nrshed bllndly dovn the tuo flights of i(erckhoff HaII

steps to ny offlce, nhere I sat ln the farill-lar chaLr sumornded by

f1ling eabinets, Iayort sheets, menorabilla of my Buln catreer, and.

sobbed quletJ"y. A young cub reporter, red-halred Phillp Berk fron South

Afrlca, looked on vith rlde etrres.

The next day, Brrrln staffers trLed to flnd <yut the reason forthe turndoun:

L65

"f ha?e found him very dlfficult to work trith, particularlyin his coverage of SC meetings at the beglnning of the semester, "

said Jean Nelson, Assoelated l,Iomen's Students president. "I felt tbathe lacked the ablIlty to be objective." (OA, lZ/te/52.)

Bob 3aker, representative-at-1arge, sald:

"One cannot be too eareftrl rhen one ls dealing rrith an agency

such as The Brr:in, vhich has such a profound lnfluence on camprs and

in the commtrnity as a vehtcJ.e for public relatLons. . . . the dangers

to the Universlty -- and hence to our dlpl"omas -- is ' lnportantand signlfleant. " (fura. 1

Ilne staff, mea^nvhlle, tas axsry and confused. fhey reafftruedny nomtnatlon by a unanlmous vote. It l,as a rapidly uorsen:ing mlnor

crlsls and at the succeedlng Student CounclJ. meetfug Lt beca:ae a klng-size one.

Counqll Ni-xes_DB ChoiceAs Editor-E1ect Resl$ns

BUITAfII{

Student Exeeutlve Councll" at,2 a.n. thls mornlng voteda 9-1-3 approval of Joe Lerrls a,s next semesterrs Dallyhruln maruglng edttor

&rt Levie told SEC that he "rron't, aceept the Job untilthe DB staff reets today." .

ASUCi,A Presldent Marty Rosen told a fuII eession ofStudent Executlve Couacil to "grow up" after Rosen recelnedthe restgnatlon of Sprir:g Semester Edltor-Desi.gnate Jackl{eber.

"Wbeu the very bonor of the University is at Btaker "Rosen said, "&nd you have felled, you have falledl"

'That do ve do non?" asked Rosen. "The sltuation villgo flom bad to vorse. Councll has proceeded to go to pot,.TIae balJ. is yours, ladies and gentlemen, do vith it as you

ttIJ]-II .

L66

ttI have but two uords for you: tcron up:','the spur to Rosents reearks lras a letter by Weber,

present DB managing edl.tor.

Heber valked lnto the Council meeting, handed a two-page sirgle-spaced letter to Rosen, and left the rom.

After the business on the floor vas finlshed, Bosenread lleberre statement shich beganl

"Dear l,{arty. I bereby subnlt ny reslgnatlon as nextsemester ts Dally &min editor . . . "

After reading the flrst sentence, Bosen stopped a.ndproceeded to glve Councii. hls lnterpretatlon of thematter.. (pg,tz/tl/;z,)

It rras suppont I had not expected. Round-faced Jack Weber rms

not partlcularly ltberal ln polltlcs or elannish with the reet of fheSnuin staff. He rras talent,ed but shy. yet he reslgned on rny behalfand, a few days later, Joe Lerrle turned dorrn hi.s appointment ag rre]]..llhen the staff returned from chrlstsas recess, they drafted a letterthat uas clearl"y a threat of a strike:

l{e the undersLgned rembers of Ehe Dal1y kuin staffhereby reglster orr disapprsval of Student ErecutineCouneilrs hanaling of appolntments to The Daily Brulnedltoria]. board for sprlng, L953. . . Thls does noteonstltute our flual. actlon in thls matter." (Sff l/ll>5.)

Edltor Dlck Schenk, ln an edltoria.t, adTlsed caution: ".4. DB valk-qut lrould be as coercl.ve as a Couneil flat." (DB, llt/>5.)

StllJ another resi.gnation vas addecl to the llst, vhen AL Green-steia, vho had been na"red etty editor, haaded hls resignatloa to geber

rLth the cment, "Irm sufferlng from Counellltts." (Og, tlglfi.) ItIooketl like the kuin rras head,ed for a relnat of I9l+9 and 1951.

Martin McReynolds, rrho uas doing the roundup story on thesltuation, came into rny offlce nhere r vas ruaktng the rayout for the

t'T

semesterts fln&I lssue, the "3o"editlon""what are your pI"ans, 0eorge?" be asked.

I }ooked up. "Iou can guote me, 'I remaln The Bnuln staff'scandldate for sprlng term nansglng editor. r"

"Ig that arl?" Ee see@d uneertaln.

"That ts lt. t'

The staff ras terrlbly spl-lt. A ralkout rould ha've declneted

The Bnuin; the Oofaenln*,4Jufd have been ended trrematurely. It nas a

tlme to biad together fhe Bnuin, and I took the oecaslon at the staffrsfhlrty Banquet.

Sehlnd me, spread across one vall of the Kerckhoff I{a.Ll cafeterta,

r.7aa a hpge Arerlcarr Flag at least tnelve feet high and eighteen feetactross. lle ueed to say it was "protectLne coloratlotl" ln case any rtem-

ber of the Board of Regents va-Iked in. I nas rnaklng my farenell spech

to the staff. It ras a plea to put the past behind, to aecept the

appolntment of Joe Leris, rho ldas "one of us, not brought in from the

otrtside, " to forget absut reslgnatlons and to go ahead rrlth prlntlng a

great neyspaper. I ended my speech vlth the rorcls, "Dontt be a.fraidl"and sat dovn.

fhere vas a short sllenee and then the staff applauded; they allrose 1n thelr places and the sound of thetr applause stil} echoes across

the years.

It lsn't good to get a standing ovatlon vhen you're young; you

have nothing to look forward to when yotr're old.

168

ChaPter ll$inouGII fIIrRtY-FrYE YEARS 0l' ADs, DELTVEnY, CUBS,

lHE DEETEBS, MANAGERS, PUBTICITY, SUMMmg, BANQ[ ETS, EDIIORIALS,

lOM PEEPING AND lrcUEN

Advertlslttg

Laek of advertislng revenues ras a problem for Tlne Cub Ca}l-

fornian, and early Student Counclls spent a great deal of tlme ln

devislng yays to make lncome equal outgo. On Dec. II, 1919, The Cub

hacl only $:e.or on hand and o1;ed $t+46.et+" (mc, tz/u'llg.) gv

Mareh 11, L92o, the debt had rlsen to $851.y2. (SEC, S/l.]-,lZo.) a

serleS of buslness managers rlas able to eVOIve a t'safe, smOOth-running

systen of flnatclngt' the neyspalnr aad put lt on a "fl1a flnancla1

basis," (Socam, r%I. )

One of the rays this ras done rras rith a contest in rhich students'

purchaae recei.pts from advertlsers vere placed Ln a box for a draving.

Flrst prlze va6 a "$I5 Yorktoyn hat" and second prlzevas a "$12 "knock

em deadf sl}k shlrt." tcc, to/zo/ea.)

't{ant Adsr" vhLeh }ater denelotrnd lnto today's classlfled ad-

vertisenent eolumn, rere begun in L92L'22.

fn I93b, the Student Council vas incensed that Publlcatlons

Manager Joseph Osherenko had obtained an ad from Campbellts Book Store

ln the form of a supplement, an amangement the couneil felt ras against

the interest of the Student Bocly's own Student Store. the corrncll

L69

advised that such a supplement should not be "sor.ght or accepted'"

(sEC, g/tg/l\.)About the eg.re time the Councll- resolved that al} front-trnge

advertl"slng wou]-d come under control of the edltor--not the buslness

nnnager. (ffig, tt/zt/S\.)on oecasion-,not too often--the BE.uin vas embarrassed by a

surfett of ads. Edltor Norman Borlsoff r6ote angrtly in 1938:

fhe DaibBrrrln eold out to the money mongers yesterdayand ihe result is today's "sbopplng nevs" edltlon of thecampus publlcation. . . a four-page paper lousy rith ads.

Issulng an apology for 7$ustness !'ianager Char1ey'Fergusonts mlserli.ne8s, the edltonlal staff declared withone volce yesterday that it vould never agaln alLow ad-vertisements to overshadov readlng matter. (cpn, z/t>lS}.)

The Student Councll deelcled rn 191+5 that The Ba:uln Y&s 'rtoo

fuLl of ads" and dlrected they be kept to a maximum of 35{ of each lssue.

(mc, g/z5l\6.)In the late firentles and early Thirtles The kuln blIled ltseLf

as "the on3-y actlvlty other than athletlcs by rhlch tt is possible to

Bay a surplue to the Associated Students" (CG, 218/25) and "the only

college nerspaper in the Unlted States vhich pays for ltself" (Cpf,

Reglstratlon Issue, glll\. By L9+7, horrcver, fhe Brtrln ehowed a net

loss of $fl+r 5fO (COn, */l/\l), Bd 1n 195I Bueiness lrlanager Varnel

Jordan varned that lt vas "ln danger of beeomlng a forr-page daily"

because ad content rras runnlng at only lO$ lnstead of 356. (Og, 3/Zf/

51.) In the early Flfbies, four-page pe-pers vere the rule on 1\resdayo

and lhursdays.

In l9l+7, a controversy develolnd over a Student Councll order

forbidding ads for racial and re]-iglous organizations, a moYe clearly

17o

almed at Left-rrlng pol,ttlca,l groups such as the Amerlcan youth forDemoeracy. George A. Pettlt, asslstant to Presldent Robert Gordon

Sproul, complatned in 191+7 that The Bruin ras runntng ads for the Mike

Quin Student Cl-ub of the Commnist Party desplte the rullng against 1t.(Chane, L9\7, f'older LOr, LO/3O/I+I.) ana aa advertlsement for a publieneettng featuring slnger Paul Robeson and sponsored by the Progressine

Citlzens of America lras found in the Chancellor's Flle clipped to a

note readLng: "Dr. Dykstra: Itris looks J.tke another invltation to the

tenney Cormittee to msve in on the Unlverslty egaln. GT." (Chanc,

L$17, Folder Io5, rt/12/l+7.)Senen yeaf,s later, the Corncll ras agaln discussirg the ban-

nlng of "subverslve" ad\rertl.semente. 'Te're beglnntng to lose the

talnt of rlittle red schoolhouse' and reeognlzing subversive organiza-tions wou1d only eause a return of that oplni"onr " Ra1ph llansen, upper

division representative, told the Councl}. Dean of tlomen Nola Stark-Rogers said thet Chancellor Ratr'rnond B. Ailen vould favor allorlngpolltleal advertislng except for any organizatj.ons on the Attorney-Generalrs subverslve Ilst. But the Council decided to retaln lts oldpollcy of allqying aII organlzatj.ons to advertise in the huln.{os, rc/zo/rt.)

Another thorn in the side of lhe Bruln vas the University'spolicy against running liquor ads in campus publieatlons. President

SprouL confi:med the rule ln 1!!1 (Chane, I95I, Folder 2h5-DB, tZ/tZl51), Uut Edltor Jack l{eber attaeked lt editoria}ty three years later.(nr, ul3 />e.) Cigarette advertisenents rere run steadlly fYour the

of the neuspaper, only to be eut off tn L953 by ttreearliest years

r71

the tobacco companles themselves ln the ra.lre of government crltielsm.(Politetla, L967.)

In the early Ftfties, the Adrinistratlon started to pay for the

"Officlal Notices'r run on ite behalf, but President Sproul rtrled 1n

1951r that no pa]ment nas to be made and that the papers should be re-Ilect on to "publlah such itens as rrlll be of lnterest to their student

subscrtbers. " (Chanc, L95l+ t Folder 2l+6-DB. )

Clreu].atlon

Dlstribution of the Cub Callfornian ras at flrst on a "help

yourself" basLs (cc, y/a3lza), but on Jan. 2J, L92o, a ner system ras

put lnto effect. Free subscrlptlon cards, perforated i.n coupon forn,rere issued to student-body-eard holders. l{erspa,oer6 were tssued fYom

the box offlce in Millspaugh ItaIL in exchange for a coupon, or for a

nlckel lf the purchaser vas not an ASUC nember. (CC, t/Zl/rc.) InLW3, the distrlbution point vas changed to the "tteket offlee near

the Co-oprttvhich had tro rindons, meanlng "an end to long llnes."(CC, tolZL/ZS.) ttrree years later, distrlbutj.on ras made at the Co-op,

"nitb as rigid an lnspection of student body cards as possible." (SEC,

\/ztle6.) Later the gane year papers yere glven out "on1y betreen 8 and

noon in the booth near the tennis courts." (CG, glglz6.)Fraternitles and sororitl"es received the eanpus nevepaper de-

livered directly to their houses at an extra charge of $1.5O a month,

but only "after a IOO$ nrembershlp in ASUC is reported." fhe dellveryilas "extrncted to relieve the eongestion at the booths on the ca:npus."

(CX}, g/ltlz6.) ftrfs practlce dled out rhen the Unlverstty vas moved toI{estvood because fYaternlty and sorority hquseg vere not built lmrediately.

L7a

In Decerrber, I$28, the Student Council deeicled to give out

Bnuins to aII persons vhether or not they had student bocly cards.(oa, tz/:rt/zs.)

After the move to I{estrood, kuins rrere dlstributed from boxes

untll a lltter problem deveroped. hrslness Manager Joe R. osherenko

then htred "a competent man, f\:}Iy aLlve to hls duty, ft"J . . . be

stationed at the brldge daily betrreen the hours of 8 and 1O to assure

the prolnr distribution of Bruins rlthout the aecompanylng J.ltter vhtchhas prevlously marred the procesa." (Areu, >/6llO.)

Later, the trresent system of dlstributlon ras adopted; paprsvere plaeed ln green boxes at various locations on the campus. (SgC,

t+/t+lSt+; cB, L:-lzrlhz ana sumrer reg iseue, 1943; cDB, lo/3:/t+>.) d

"Dally kuln box and bulletln board for paraplegic students, " nostlyreturning veterans, vas bullt ln lpl+9. (SgC, l/>/\g.\

At certaln tlmes, special arrangements vere rnade for distribu-tlon to the faculty. Coples nere placed iu faculty mallbues (CC, tO/rc/Ip and CG, to/ll/26), and durlng the Depnesston they vere dlstrlbuted tofaculty offlces, but, this nethocl was dlscontinued for lack of funds ln1938. (arcrr, Bo:r 1l+3, Folder \o, tZ/l:o/50.7

The latest recorded delivery took place on reglstratlon day ofthe faJ.I serester, L933, after The Bnuin had changed lte shop fron the

Hollyrrood Citizen-Ness to the Westvood ff;i"l-}s Press. The production

methods vere dl.ffereut, and t'nobody showed up to miter " but EdltorBobert Shellaby "and a fer forlorn looking college Sournallsts sueceeded

. . ln dragglrg out that memorable patrnr by l+ orc].ock" in the after-noon. "They found dl.strlbutlon dlfficult, because there rere hardly

l"T3

any students on the campus at that late hour to accept the publlca-

tlon" " (eDB.. z/tg/lt+.'lAs a consequence, the business staff had to rnake good alJ. the

advertisements that had been scheduled for the Reglstratlon Issue.

Three pEIeB of ads 'rere rerun a fen days later, an act vhich so upset

Shetlaby he rrote a front-1nge edltorial complatning of the "subordl-natlon of nerra value and the elevation of advertisi.ng value of the

Daily Brutn. Hereafter you tlill read the dally columns, not to flndorrt prlmarily rhat ts golng on around the cempus, but rhere you can

pick up another shirt dlrt eheap." (Cog, g/l:l/ll.)

Cub Classes and Journqllsm lbalning"I am lmpreesed vith the Ina^nner 1n which a rather large group

of studente literally are teaehlng themselves Journallsmr " the fatherof Editor Rlchard Pryne onee nrote to Universlty President Robert

Gordon $prouI. (arcn, Box Ih8, Folder Jl+, 3/r/35.)Indeed, the fact nas lmpresstve because, untll 1951, there

yere no regular undergraduate courses in Journallsm, and fhe Bnuin rlas

Ilterally a, "teach-it-yourselft' operatlon.

Not that the students had no professional guidance. Edi.tor

Fern Ashley (ttre third of the four edltors ln the klckoff year ofI9I9-2O) had studied Journalisn at the Eerkeley eampus In the surnmer

of I9I9. (CC l/W/ao.) And ln the mid-Tnentles journalism courses

were begun on the Los Angeles canpus, rith the Surmer Bnuin belng used

for a laboratory nerspaper.

].Th

By L)25, the older students rere beginning to teach the younger

ones J.n a n&nner that foreshadgrred the "free unlversltiegt' and "experl-

mental colleges" of the Nlneteen Sixties.Sponsored Jolntly rith Trl-C and the Daily GtLzzly, a

class in journallsm nlll be given every Tuesday at 2 p.m.ln Leeture HalI I02. No credlt rill be glven for thecourse, but it is open to all men and tlomen in theUniversity tho are interested in nevspaper rork.

llil1ian Forbes '27, edttor of the Daily Grizz1y, villconduct the eerles of lectures. The course vllL be dlvidedinto tvo dlvlsions: the first half of the vork r1I1 bepractical in nature and designed to help students just be-gtnnlng vork on the Grizz1y. The second part wlIl entalltrips to a nevspaper print sllopr. ancl talks by edltors ofnetiopolitan prapers. (cg, g/n /e6.)

Thls ras the pattern set for future years- On the one hand,

"cub classes, rere held to introduce students to the rork of The Bruin.

And, on the other, professional Journaliets ilere invited to talk to

students elready on The Bnuin staff. In I9l+5, for example, a series

arrarqged by Editor BiIl Stout featr:red Robert E. G. Hamts, editorialand

rrrlter for the Los Angelee Daily Nensr lW*t.r Seratch, edltorialassistant on the Hollyrood Oltlzen-Nens. (Cpg, y/251t+6.) Alrr.nnus l,latt

tleinstock and Tlmes columnist Ed Alnsvorth spoke on occasion.

(cPs, \/ze/t+6.1

A typlcal cub elass routd feature a tno-neek-long lndoctrlnation

1n nevsp,apr vriting and Bnuln style and a short rrrltten examination ofthe Cubs, "uhereupon they vlIL be offlcial-Iy accepted as regular staffmembers nith the rank of apprentice reporter." (Con, to/a6lt+>-) fhe

Bruln, sald Associate Edttor Phyllis Mindlln, offered "tralni"ng instralght ners vriting, feature rrriting, advertlsing and neYspaper busl-neEs management, as vell as sports covering and rrriting." (Ibld.)

L75

fhe eetablishnent of a Deprtment of Journalism at UCLA vas

suggested as early as L/22 by t{arc N. Goodnors, dlreetor of the

Journallsnn Department at USC, vho proposed blmself an the fl"rst directorof the UCLA prograar 1n a letter to Begeat Eclnard A. Diekeon.

The practlcal tratning in the School rrould be throughthe colurnns of the Cub Cal1fornlan, rhtch could even bemade a seml-neekly, trl-reekly or a dally through thevork of our students . as director of ttre schoolI rrould expect to supervlse 1t fron both the advertislngand editorlal vieupoints. (O:.ctrs, Box IB, Folder ?,z/tlzz.)

By L)25, a yomenrs journaHstic organlzatlon called "Trl-C"had as lts "chlef purpose . to establlsh a school of Journallsm on

the tlesttrood campus." (CU, g/Y/eA.)Thls organizatlon uas succeeded by Pi Kappa Pl, nhose rrember

Fannle Ginsberg sent a trroposed l)-lecture journalism course outltneto Dlrector Ernest CarroII ldoore "to be attended by all students in-terested ln Jonrnalism and wlshing to promote a Schoo1 of Journallsm. "

(Arch, Box \5, g/llZa.)Edltor Robert Shel].aby pleaded in tllb for acadenic credl"t for

kuin staffers. "There is no doubt that publlcations are unJustly re-fused academlc sanction . . . athleties receive gya credlt, theatricsftnd drana courses, and forensica find fundanenta-Ls in public slnak*

ing . the Regents sf the University should eonslder establishingcourses . ln Journa}lsn." (cDB, tltg/Zt+.)

Edltor Pryne rs father, after lauding the then cument "teach*

it-yourself" practice, tent on to suggest that "even the addltlon of a

slngle conp,etent instructor would provlde at }eaet partlal dlrection toan already veIL organl.zed etudent activlty." (Arch, Box 1b8, Folder Jh,

sl>/sa.,L76

Spnoul lnforned the elder Pryne, horeyer, that a facultyeornnittee had investtgated the matter ln tpl6 and relnrted that UCi"A

had a "far more urgent" need for other programs than Journalism. (fUfa. )

l'{uch of the early ta}k about establlshtng a Journa}lsm program

centered about the "va1ua.ble guidanee (nhlcfr) could be furnished the

kuln, to the benefLt of the publle relations of the Universlty, " aB

one Budget Cormlttee report put it. (gtranc, L9\7, Folcler ?l+, S/tg/\1.)And later that year a Bnuin banner read "UCLA JOUBT{AIf;}4 DEPAnI-

limNll SEEN." "tong-range plane currently underray vould make Kerckhoff

IIaII a 'publlcationsr bull-ding upon completlon of the nev Student

unLon. " (cDB, Lz/LL/|+I.)

But Joseph A. Bnandt, the flrst chairman of the ner Graduate

Deprtnent of Journalism, quashed any ldea that he would take a hancl lntralning Bruln staffers. Ile hopd that the relationshlp would be one

of "frlendship on1y, " pointing out that Ikre kuin lras a student-qsned

nevspaper and therefore shoulcl be lntlependent. He said he rould not

use The Bruin for instructlonal purposes. (Og l/t>hg.)With the grorrbh of complaints about The Bruin's llberal orlenta-

tion, hotrever, and espeeia-}Iy in the vake of a meetlng called by the

Admlnistrative Committee to consider a conrplalnt about the kuln by

John Canaday, vice president of Lockheed Alrcraft Co. and president ofthe UCLA Alumnl Assoctatlon, Bnandt began to ehange his mlnd. (Chanc,

L95o, Folder 245, g/ag/So and ro/2lr/>q,) The meettng suggested that an

undergraduate course be offered ln baslc JournelLsn and that a profes-

slonally trained Journaltst be seer.red at ASUCLA expense "to help the

students. " (;uig, ::olzt+/ >o.)

L77

lClthin a ferl months, only five days before the staff strlkeover the SchJ-apik-Bexrode isaue, Brandt rras baektng a flve-polnt plan

for election of a gtudent edltor to have eontrol only over the editorlalcolum,n, estabtishing a course called Journallsm A slnciflcal-ly forDal}y kuin lnrsonnel, appointing an "executtve edltor" to be responsi-

ble for nerrs play and ness content, creating a new grbllcatton board ofthree faculty members and four students and eettir€ up a print shop on

the campus to prlnt both fhe Bnuin and the Californla Sun, the labora-

tory nerspaper of the Depertment of Journallsm.

I have been, as you know, extremely reluctant to haveanythi.ng to do rith The Bruln since we have enough on ourhands . Hcnrever, I cen appreciate the gravlty of thesltuation . . . President Sproul has asked that steps betaken lmmeillately to trrotect the pa1rer against censorship andhas indicated that pressures are mounting from the highestauthorlty ln the state vhlch may result i.n ceneorship. Itel-ther I, nor any of lqy colleagues, rrl1l ever be caet ln therole of censors. I do thlnk He can glve the 3nuin, throughthe foregoing suggestlons, a profeseional responslbtlltythat it has not had thus far. (Cha.ne, L9)L, Folder 2l+5-DB,z/t6/>t.)

The lnmediate result vao the appolntment of Robert R. Kirseh,

a rer*rlte man for the Hollywood Cltlzen-Ners and a former Unltecl hessreporter, at a stlpend of $fOO to teach an ASUCLA-Bponsored course lnthe "fundamentals of journalism." (SnC, ZIZS/SI and DB, SltSl>1.)

Staffers, vho had returned to their Jobs by the time the elasses

began, rere pleased rlth the $EC action. ldanaglng Edltor Bob {yers said

the elassee nould have "an lnmeasurable lnfluence oa the quallty of the

Bruln.l{e sat in on the first of Klrschrs cub classes a

couple of reeks ago and rrere astounded to see the effec-tlveness of his teachlng technlques. The class is taughton an infornal plane wlth plenty of opportunlty forquestl.ons and ansrers, hrt, paradoxleaaly, Kirschts tone

I?B

of authorlty ls evldent throughout the class and onecantt help but feel- a great deal of reslnct for this manvho bas taken on the burden of teachlng eub reporters therules of Journallsm ln additlon to his preseing dutieselserhere. (DB, 3/26/5L.)

This flrst class ras not given for aeademlc eredLt. Later, thefirst undergraduate Journallsm class vas establlshed as English 2, rlthKlrsch as the first instructor. But there ras alnays a separation be-treen the academic orientatlon of Eryg}lsh 2 and the hrln-centered cub

classes that contlnued under the dlrectlon of the assoclate editor nuch

as they had in the o1d days before the undergraduate course ras begun.

Da.lly tro.ianRelations betneen The Dally Bruin and the Dairy lloJan of the

univergity of southern callfornla vere generalry those of fliendlyenemies. Ihe Bnuin uould occaslona-lly be somevhat areh with its rl.val.

The staff of the Daily Brutn ts happy to announce thatthe crosstoun Dally fbojan has compried with the goverruaentrequest not to raste valuable materials, by going tabloidfor the duration. (Cn, e/VhS.)

hlt the tvo papers cooperated rrhen necessary by exehanglng

storles and, once, advertloing. Tn L937, a FarI Fashl.on prevler rras

publlshed Jointly by the summer session kuln and TboJan.

rn 193r an exchange dlnner ras held rith the Trojan staff inKerckhoff HarL (cDB, 3/tg/31), and thls klnd of ca.maraderie led to a

long-Ilved serles of football ga.mes betrreen the tro staffs that may heve

begun ln the 1930's (COn, LL/S/35) and lasted as long as the early Flfties.flrey vere pJ-ayed "on the eve of the sc-uclA varslty footbarl elash."(on, */zt/sz.)

L79

Publications l,ianager

the positLoa of publtcations manager \ras established by the

Aesociated students 1n I!10 to be a "clearing house for arr nlscer-laneous subJects pertalning to canpus publieatiohs, mapsglng a morgue

for pictures and cuts, collection of outstandlng aecounts, estimateson prlnting, engravlr€, and the adJustnent of unsatlsfactory detal.lsrelatlve to adrrertlsing in any of the student publlcatlons." (socam,

1931.) rir. first year vas an "experlment" that worked out souell ithas been matntalned to this day.

Joseph R. Osherenko, vho had been business manager of fhe Bnuln

for three semesters vhlle an undergraduate, tras the "Iogicaldynamic" choice for the Job. (fUfa")

Osherenko reslgned in 19hC because of the grorth of hisoun advertising ageney and publlcations busLness (COn, */B/t+O),and a student eomnlttee rras appolnted to flnd a ner manager. Thisproved to be a difficult task, stnce favored candldates uere e.tso

favored by the nerr selectlve servlce system that had Just begun,

Flnal.ry, Robert Reeder, a for-mer managlng edltor of fhe Bnuln "{hose

most lmportant qualifLcatlone for the job seemed to be a 3-A classi-ficatton in the draft" (SoCam, 1941), ras named to the post. Reeder

Jolned the Navy early ln lpl+3, ancl WiIllarn C. Ackerman became Dtreetorof Publleations untll the present incumbent, Harry A. Morris, vas

na"rned in 191+l+.

1BO

Pub1lclty Planning Board

In the early yeara, fhe Sruin had a tendeney to exist forthe sake of publiclzlng campus evente. The high polnt of eampus

puffery nas reached on February 27t L9d+, nhen the newspaper's en-

tlre issue lraa given over to publlclty about the SoqFhern Campus

saAes drlve--surely every campus press agent's dream.

As professlonallzation got under nay, horrcver, publlcity had

to flght rtth ners for space. By the early fortlee, publlelty chaLr-

men vere belng calJ*ed to a meetlng vith the managlng editor to planthelr campaigns (COn, fal} registratlon issue, I9l+O), and 1n Oetober,

l9\7, a PublLclty Plannlng Board nas set up (CDn, Lo/L|ll+T)r r€-portedly the "first body of lts klnd ln the country" (DB, glZtl>o)"

Sne rules rrere that all publielty stories sou].d be kept offthe front page until the veek of the event, rhen the publlcity chair-man would have to provide a nev angle each day in order to get front-pase space. (DB, llv/fe.)

Sti11, even xlth this planntrg, there were occasional crltl-ctsms. "La6t semesterr " student Betty Burt wrote, "f vas publicitychalrmsn for the Red Cross blood drlve and f sar the article on thisvitarly inportant drlve out ln half in favor of a rarger artlcle on

the loyalty oath at the Unlverslty of Oktahoma." (Og, lltZlSZ.)

181

Sumer., Bluln

Except for the t?ar years, rhen UCLA adopted a "trlmester"

system, Surmer Session Bruine generally played a different role than

the neuspapers lssued durlng the fal} ard sprtng semesters.

fn the ft*entLes and fhlrtles the Sumer Session nenspatrErs

nere used as laboratory pa.pers for Journalism classegr rith flnanclalsupport ccnrlng dlrectly from the Universlty, not the Associeted Stu-

dents. The bueoLic atmosphere of sulruBer ln the t92os ls reflectedin thle editorlal:

The tl"me has come to say good-bye, and the Grlzzly fonone hates to say it. . Itrs fun to be a nevspaper at anytime, but especially interestiug to be a nevgpaper on aUniversity eampus rhere the character of the ners ts aseured.

fhere one feels no responsibility for the sordtd, theunvholesome, and the sensatlonal in the happenlngs of theday.

The paper that is fortunate enough to deal. utth thedolngs of college people at a Sumer Sesslon ean count uponan academlc atnosphere flavored rylth enough gayness andhumor to make lt qulte ideal. (CO, 8/l+/25.)

By f937, the Assoctated Students had taken over publlshing the

paper and naming the edltor, nho rras usually the lncomlng fa}l semester

head. Thre adnlnlstratlon pald a flat sum from the slrmrer fee to make

up some of the dlfference betneen advertising revenues and cost. Thls

subsidy al.J.otred the Admlnistration to require The Bnuln to "mal.ntaln a

publishing pollcy rhtch ls satLefactory to the Sr:mner Session Offiee."(Arctr, Bo:< 168, t/tglSg.)

182

Ttre pollcy tras re-estabLished in rplo after the wartlme tri-mester schedule had letl to re-polltlclzlng the Surmer kuins. EdLtorAnn llltg'aan ras remlnded ln a letter from the AdmlnLstrative Conm.ittee

that "Affairs of student governrnent, controverstal soctal issues, ete.,are not gernene to the su&mer editions." (chane, L95o, Forder 2116,

5/16/p-) Mlss lolgrran prornptly designed a nen flag for the paper,presumably by vay of protest, readlng "sunmer Burletin kuin." (sB,

l/s/>o.) Hhat the .Adm:inistratl.ve comaittee dj.d not p,oint out sas

that the Admlnlstrationrs contribution that sunmer vas onry $Too or atotal cost of $f,958" (Ctranc, 195L, Folder 246-DB.)

Ta L)JJ, a trro-paragraph announcement vas prlnted in thepaper dlstributed on the openfug day of the sun*ner sesslon:

fhis is the flrst, last, and only Lssue of theSumaer Bnuln for 1955.

fhe Sumer Bnuin, rrhlch has been publtshed reeklydurlng the sumner months of past year6, has been can,ee1led by the Unlverslty Admlnlstratlon. (SB, Bununer,L955.)

No reason ras glven for the cancellation.

I,tllrty Banquet

The flrst offlclaJ" end-of-the Jrear banquet appears to have been

herd as early as lr{ay, Lyz5 $.G, 5/26/251. rt soon becarue a semiannua}

affair (col, t/s/x ar^d 5lz5l2?), vhere the edltor announced hls staffappoS.nt'rnents for the next semester. Tne banquet tras financed by theAssoclated Students as a vay of thanking The Bruin staff for its hard

vork; ln 1928 the entlre staff nas hosted a,t a eost of $5o (snc, slzs/28).

IB3

An eerJ-y tradition nas the distribution of a "speci.al prograrn

in the form of a Mlniature Dally Bruln" in xhich "Idiosyncrasles ofthe present staff members, typographical errors of the past edltionsuill be emphaslzed and brought to the burlesque attention of the

victlms." (Cnn, llZo/lJ-.) This paper yas later called a "baby editlon. ln truth nothing more than a refined ecanda.l sheet hi.ttlng

at this and that and at tlmee citing grim truths. The tittle kuinacts, moreover, els the eonveyor of the announcements of promotlon."(Cpn, lWllZ.) In the early Flftles, the nlmeographed sheets were

knoryn as "Raz?. Edltlone. " [hey bore such nanes a.s "UCIA Dally Bah Bah, I'

$iXl>a), "uctA I'Ieakty Ruin" (rl:r), "The Daily shaft" (>/26/>t) and

"The Abnormal Outlook" (undated, Ll52).Locatlons of the banquet varied. The li|e;y, L927 dinner vas

held 1n Newoan Hall on ttre Vermont cam1rus; the flrst banquet to be held

l"n Kerckhoff Ha}l vas in May, 1931. Other spots vere the Castellamare

Inn, l'{ay, 1930, and the Ho}lywood Knlckerbocker Hotel, January, J-936.

Often, there vere outside speakers. In }!Jl, profeesors lrere

scheduled "from the Engllsh Department and Polttleal Science Department

(and)p'". Helen Laughlln, dean of ffomen, ryi}1 act ln the officLalcapacity of chaperone." (Cpn, >/zo/S:..) Harold Noon, "former cltyedltor of the San Franclsco &raminer " spoke ln 1!12, at the sane

banquet in vhlch Dn. Alfred Longulel, "familiar ftgure at all kuinbanquetsr" expreBsed hLs "perennlal senttments." Hovard Estabrook,

"motlon plcture scenarlo vriterr" spoke in fpl5 (Cpn, t/ll/15). and

Dr. Franklln Rolfe, aseoelate professor of Engllsh, spoke 1n 1948 on

the posstble establlshment of a Journallsm sehool. (Cnn, il$lt+8.)

181+

{Durlng the late Thirties, the forrnat lncfuded skite that Deen

of students Hurford E. stone called"shady." (arcn, Box 181, Folder l+0,

6/>/\o.) That year the banquet featured a sklt that Stone complained

in a merno to Fresldent sprour vas "not only suggegtlve but positiverylevd." Not rllling to dlctate the offenstve parts to hls seeretary,

Dean stone nrote them out in ronghand and sent them on to Dn. sprour.Seene: A hoadcastlng Studlo.

Man, comlng lnto the kltchen for breakfast: "f Sustshaved and feel trenty years younger."

l{ife (boy imitatiqg wonan's volce): "I wlsh youhad shaved last nlght'J

*rFrt.F"*

llonants voice: t'Honey, I dreamed about you allnJ.ght. "

lrhn: "That explalns then vhy I feel a].l tired outthls morning.(Arcn, Box 183, Folder l+o, >/S/t+o.)

Glven such easily embarrassed administrators, it is no ronderthat the "shady" sklts di"sappeared from the banquet fonnat by the end ofthe decade. Instead, the cubs--o"ut"|*ffirters--began to stage a shory

at the post-banquet trnrty "burlesquing the upper etaff members."

(coa, v/t5/\s.lNo holds rere barred ln the Cub Shov, and by the mld-Flfties

the cub ehoh, rla,s bluer than the Brue and Golcl of ucr,Ars victory fIa€,and the fa.ces of the roasted upper staffers rosier than the Daj.ly

Bruln's reddenlng reputatlon.

185

Thlrly Edltorlq1?he traditlonaJ- Itrirty edltorlal"s, rrritten by outgolng edltors

in the last issue of thelr term, began Ln L9z2 rith a column by JohnA. irlorley, "co-operation of cub callfornian staff Members Lauded by

Edl.tor." (cc, 6/z/ze.) Brt John F. cohee nas the frrst edltor toactually end hls term nlth the srugllne, "30, " at the end of hisedltoriar. (Cc, tll6/a>.)

By and large, the fhirty edltorial served as a chance for theedltor to revierr the year and to thank hls etaff for their hard vork.rn the late Forties they took the fomn of "Dear so and so" rettersto successors, a practice that reminded one edltor (after the practicehad been abandoned) of "vhlsperlnge through a confessionar grate and

as flt for publicatlon."rn the mid-Fiftles all members of the Edltorlal Board had a

rlght to a thirty edltorlal ln the flnal issue of the paper. rnaddltlon, arl graduating staffers (or those quitti.ng 1n dlsgust or forother reasons) were entitled to put "3O" after thelr names tn the staffmasthead, a practlee that had begun ln I9l+I.

Tom Peeping

The Dally Brutn's attitude torard student electlons ras one ofofficiar neutrarlty. rn fact.. a "uttle llateh Act" ras pronurgated bythe nerspaper ln the early l+O's, forblddtrg members of the }tr'uln stafffrom runnlng for student offlces or earnlmlgnlng for candldates vlthoutflrst taking a leave of absenee.

IB5

Edltors felt The Bruln could do a better Job of coverlng elec-tlons lf the eampus pollttcal rriter vere anonymsus. There wes preee-

dent for this custom on netropolltan neuspapers; at every el-ectlon,

for exanple, the Los Angeles Dally Netrs riould unearth lts "Frank

Observer" to follsr and corment on politleal affairs. The tlmes had

t'The Groundhog. "

The Bruin's politlcaf," rrriter uas knorrn as "Tom Peeplngr" and he

made hls flrst appearance ln the spring sernester, L93r. Peeping's earlyyears vere played rlthout humor, but as time passed, PeepJ.ng became as

vaclgr and disJointed as some of the political campalgns themselves.

In 19112, the Bnuln re-emphasized that Ton Peeplng's i.dentltyvould renain a seeret. "Ee is an unblased reporter rrho has absolutely

nothlng at stake ln the contest, but ls qulte capable of lnterpretlngthe finer nuances of the game." (CDB, Sllo/\2.)

About that tine, Peeplng began to be Been as a uythlcalcharacter somevhat like that of the little belngs nho vere supposed tobe at the bottom of all the foul-ups and snafug of World Uer II:

Every year about thls tlme the bottom drarrer in theeditor's desk suddenly pops open and out ellmbs theoldeet lnhabltant of lGrckhoff hal1. We don't knonexaetly nhat kind of a creature he ls, some might callhim a Grern1in, but he antedated GremLine by sone yearsand ls rather proud of the fact. Hls na.ue ls fom Peepingand he ls the Dai"Iy Bnuin's polltlcal. corrmentator.(cs, l/lr./t+1.)

The next phase ln Peeplng's llfe nas his nil.ltary servlce. IIie

uas alternately a cadet ln the Army Alr Force (CB, S/ll/t+il, a prlvate

ln the tJonen's Army Corps (l/tt+/t+t+), then an srmy technlcal sergeant

(8/lo/\t+), and finally a fl.rst lieutenant. (l+/25/l+5.) IIe rae usually

rB?

portrayed as a cartoon character trEering through a rindov.

Peeplng vas demobillzed in I9l+5:

by Top Peepin€

Thoroughly rehabilltated, reoriented and returned tocivillan li.fe by nov, I resume ny llstening post ln Kerek-hoff toner and IEruBe the dolngs doatn belour, partlcularlyLn the vtclnity of KII 209 vhere candidates are obtalnlngelection petitions eurrently. (Cpg, >/l /t+5.)

fLrls led one student to conPlain:

I{hen is the Da1ly kutn going to qult trying to be cuterith lts secretlve fom Peeping and print lts electlon trropa-ganda under a by-Ilne or under the editorrs slgnature?l'{aybe Tom Peeplng dtd come back from the lrars, but rrasnrthe a she at one time?

-- tev, Iet's be frank, 1 (Con, l$/l+6.)

Peepl.ng rras critlcized for hls supposed lack of objectivity.The Student Counctl dlscussed the posstbi"Ilty of Peeping belng "done

avay vith, . 1f sore other reans of personallzlng the candidates

could be evolved." (SnC, Z/S/t+t+.) The Councl]. deelded that trro members

of the SEC vould meet rith the edltor before the next election and re-

viev "Peeplng columns for any trace of partlaJ.ity.'n (cA, z/\lt+t+.)

By 1945, there were four Bruln staffers *riting the eolumn,

and the Student Councll decided, upon the suggestion of Edltor BiIIStout, that the student body president and vlce president, the editorand the reporters vould "get together and rrrlte fom Peeplng." (SC,

tzitg/r+5.)In such an atmosphere, Peeplng could not last. tJhat var could

not do, the simple facts of Kerckhoff Ha-Il pollties accompllshed.

Peeping rrote his last column on l,lay 7, L9\6, and the announeement of

188

his death rnas glven to SEC by Editor Frank Manklewicz, v?l.:o declared

Peeping "did more harm than good." (sEe, >lezl\f .) n"I.P.Hgllgn and SocletY {ews

In 1970, women's trnges have disaptrnared from The Dally

It is the time of the l{omen'e Liberation f'ront and the struggle

against rrhat is cal-]ed "male chauvinism"" Perhaps the deciston

end the separatign of ments from 1oments news ras helped along

survey tn 1-96T that found the rroments page to be the least-read

of The kuin. (Mccombs, L967.)

huln.

tobyapart

In earlier tlmes, hovever, soeiety nevs and voments activities

rfere as much an integral part of the paper as sports and the feature

page. During the f\renties and early Ihlrties, lndeed, separate "l4en's

Edltions" and 'toments Edittons" 'were published.

A new departure thls semester vas the establisfunentof separate staffs for men and nomen. Inasmuch as therels a natural divislon of the class of nevs handled by thetro sexes, Tpattor rbed MJ Jordan deeided that a separa-tlon of tne starfs would make for better adminlstra.tion.Consequently the men's steff rras placed under the juris-dietion of the news editor, and the women were maderesponsible to the roments editor, a nerrly created posi-tion. (SoCam, I92l+. )

column

it ras

"Soelety" nets, as such, began ln Sprlng, L921, wlth a aingLe

featurlng reddings, engagements, plnnlngs and club nevs. Later,

expanded to an entLre page, or more.

Tn L/2), the Brulnts voments edltor

be placed in a "varnished 'wooden box .

for a cohrmn to be called "$re Chatter Box"

asked for gossip items to

:" anu eorner of the offl"ce"

Deallng entlrely vith the social Llfe of the campusis a large order, especlally uhen not only soeial sororl-tles and fraternlties, but honorary and professionalorganizatlons must be eonsidered as rrelI.

IB9

From such ardent readJ.ng of the social Pa€er lt lsevident that Joe College and hls coBeagues 1n front ofthe tlbrary still belleve that "A man is knonn by theeompany he keeps." (con, Lo/25/29.')

A s"lm"ilar attltude vas expressed in 191+T by Kay Petleyr Joan

Boggs and Polly Comstock, tlho rrote such eolumns as "Soc1a1Ly Slnalcing"

(soclat activitles), "It's a Date" (organlzational partles) and "BaUIn' Chaln (engagenents and pinnings): "We11, ne do the socl.ety ners

beeause it's fun to knon vhat'e happening." (COg, t/zll\f .)

190

ChaPter tlt[I{E ',DEAIfl'' Or $fr DAII,Y BRUI}{

Maes protest demonstratlons rrere not in fashion on the UCLA

campus in the 1t!0s, and so it vas an unusual event on Dee. l5r 1951+,

vhen a cortege of 25O students nound their way through the ![ain Qgad,

vith slx of them beerirqg a coffln eontaining the "corpse" of The DatlyBruin. The men were dressed in slngle-button sportcoats nith padded

ehoulders, vhite shirts a.nd tles and pleated trousers. Some rere intheir shi.rtsleeves, for lt \ras a varn day. Behlnd the eoffin a

druurner beat a solemn tattoo, and after the bler was placed on the

Kerckhoff HalI steps, Editor Martln McReynolde told the assenbled

crond, "ile have gathered here for the moek frrneral of ftre DaiV hulnas a free neflspaper. fhe Brul"n ia not aetually dead yet, but on the

studentsr action rril1 depend vhether lt vlII llve or dle." (Of, LZ/L6/

5h" )

The mock funeral rras the clLmax of a campaign that had been

desultory and unfocuesed for many years but vhich came to a sudden and

urrerpected erlmax on Dec. l, L95\, after a preparatLon perlod of almosttro years. The si.gnar was given ln a memorandum sent to chaneellor

Saymond B. Allen by Dean of Studente l,lllton E. Hahn ln January, L9r3,"to supply bactr,ground on a matter rrhlch may provl-de a very rarm issuein the near future."

rgr

For trrenty years there has been no commonly acceptedpollcy regarding the student publleati"ons at U.C.L.A.fhe Bnrln has been tbe chlef problem. It has been a Brinetarget for ldarxlst groups vhich, at timee, have had atmostcomplete control. The admlnlstration has serdom attemptedto impose Univeralty polieles and regulations. Studentgoverneent rlth 1ts lack of eontlnuity has not been otrongenough to exert its eonetitutLonal porrers vith a fen ex-ceptlons. . . We regressed to the former etatue of nearchaog.* Recent events /probably the Gamlgues turndovnand resultlrrg serles of reslgnatlony' compel elearlng ofthis whole sltuation. I arn plannlng . To lneist on:a. equal opportualty for staff membershlp by aII studentsand b. ellmlnatlon of candldate slates by present etaffs.(Chanc, L953, Folder a\6-DB, t/t/>5.)

Ttre result was a dlrectlve that The Bnuln funrredlately adopt aConstitution becauee it rould othernise be operatirqg "under sufferanceand l:.Iegal.J.y." (Chanc, L953, Folder 2i+5-DB, 3/5/53.')

Constitutional provislons requlred by Dean llahn led to tvo major

complaints by The Bruln vhich, surprlstngly enough, vere supported by

the student councir. A sectlon that some staffere ca-Lled a "loya].tyoath" required arr applicants for huin edltor to sign a stateuent

that "I 88ree to serve ln any Edltorlal. Board positlon on Ttre UCLA DailyBrul"n for rhleh r have apprLed and to whleh .I am appointed by studentLegislative councir." Ttre oath eourd have been used as a potent ueapon

agalnst the klnd of group loyal-ty that led to the Garst-slgar su:mer

rralkout, the Schlaplk-Rexrode nass reslgnatlon and the three reeigna-tlone after the Gamlgues reJectlon (Iater reacincled).

Ihe Admlnlstratlon constltutlon al.so provlded that no BreviousBruin exlmrlenee needed to be shovn by apprleants for tyo of the most

sensitlve posts on the paper--ners and feature edltors, ftre Student

x l{hat I ca}led in Chapter IJ the "Golden Age" of The &uln

L9z

Councll directed President Martin Rosen to appeal for a reversal toChaneellor Al1en. Bosents letter stated that Dean llahn

malntalns that junior college trarsfers nill bediscrlminated agalnst. . . While the Deanrs objectioneare ueually vell-lntended, it's easy to see that thissituation ras not the case, particularly vhen last fallrseditor 6i"i. schen5/ waE a ;unlor eollege transfer fromSanta l,ionlca as is this year's city editor and assoclateeditor. (Cnane, L953, Folder 2t+5-DB, 6/to/>1.)

Allen aeked Dean Hahn for his cornment, and llahn replied:In sLx years during vhich I have been responsible

for student aetivities, in general, the follovlngcharges have been made by students, faculty and eommun-ity. z

1. fhat it fi,e nrui{ crn be, aud has been,captured by sma-tl ideologlcal groupe.

2. It is a self-perpetuatirig group in control ofone of .ASUCLA's larger budgets ($llOrOOo-$5OrOOO peryear). x

3. It does not follov generally aceepted journallstieethlcs or practiees, i.e., quotation of faculty members,comrnunity residents and students rrithout checklng; publi-cation of inaccurate stories rlhen the editor has the facts.

l+. It "freezes out" those vho do not agree vlth itseditorial board'e philosophy, or those vho harre not epenttheir kxrer dlvlslon years on the paper.

5. It does not provlde, as do other student activities,equal opportunlties for a-Il studenis on the basis of corpeteneyand experienee.

In m.y opinion, a}l of these charges have been true to agreat exteni. (Chane, L953, Folder 245-DB, 6/LO/13.)

Hahn did not seem to take lnto aecount a comprehenslve slx-page

memorandum that Edltor Jack !{eber had sent to Asslstant Dean of Students

B5rron H. Atkinson the precedlng February:

* He used the figure "5o to loo thousand do].lars" in his 1956 Cormit-tee testimony.

L93

You reeently expressed an lnterest ln peraonnelpolicies and practices on The Daily Bnuln and I thoughta Letter might gLve you a clear idea of the vay ve dothirlgs

Ue have adopted various procedures to nake lt easierfor nerrcomers to put in vork on the paper . . . *e have novaltered our methods so that lt is possible to cone up atany tine during the day to vrlte . . . re eneourage anyoneto eome up and put 1n nhatever a.mount of time he may feelable to gj.ve

Perhaps the most important area for improvement is theIeaet tarqgible -- the attitude of persons on the papertqrards nevcomers. I feel ue have made great strides here,though less out of benevolence than out of neeesoity. Thedearth of etaff rnembers in reeent semesters has forced apollcy of varm weleome on the part of staffers, lf onlyto reliene part of the loa.d fron their ovn shouldersnany lndivlduals corie up wtth gla:norous notions of ne{s-papering. They are soon disappointed

Every person vho eomes up . . . ls automatically ma.dea member of the staff and given the tltle of reporter.Any stuctent -- uithout restriction -- may join up.Plomotions . are conferred by the editorial board . ./f,asea o{ * sty}e test . . . credits for vork donerecomrnendations of night and desk editors . recornmenda-tions of the associate editor " . . personal knovledge ofed.itorial board members . . the promotion is fairlyautomatic for anyone rho puts 1n a reasonable a"nount of vork.

I rrant to discusa sqne of the incentives ve have forthe improvement of nork . Awards The helJ. sheet,

. the dally criticism of the paper done by the managlngedltor, in uhich he points out all of the mlstakes, andrnakes suggestions for improvement. This ls elosely scrutinizedby staff members and is usually quite effeetlve tn uaintainlngthe qual.lty of rrlttng . most effectlve method of aL1 isthe constant strean of erltlclsm, advice and comment that onegets {}om hls fellons. . . Even an edttor is not Lmnrne fromthis conetant problng process, as I rrell knor.

Before concludlng, I rant to constder . " . the JunlorCollege transfer. . tlhat rre try to elo is plek out thecorrers -- whether or not they are JC transfers -- and movethem ahead more qulekJ.y. We try to see to lt that they donrtget bogged dorrn in duJ-l work and that thelr abj.Iities are putto good use.

I9h

l,le've noted great tmprovements Ln thls area . . .becauee vlth a depleted gtaff ye've been forced to l-ookout for nerr talent and make fu-L1 use of lt vhen re findlt. (Chanc, 1953, Folcler 2l+5-DB, z/t6/ll.l

Jack Weber, vho vas rerembered by AI Greenste5-n, hts suceesaor,

as a t'pleasant, cheery man . . . mostly a-politica-lr il looked back 17

years and recalled hls relatlons rith the Admlnistratton "rrere not rhatyou vould ca}l good."

At the outset Dean Hahn used to lnvlte ue over, andhe would chat pleasantly and offer me eoffee (vhich Inever have been able to drfnk). The obvious effcrrt vasto j"nfluence me lndlrectly, but there yere rlever anyorders or attempte to be overt. I'n afraid that I vasso eoncerned about preserving independence that I rmscluasy in resisti.ng these efforts and communlcationsultlmately broke dorn almost coapletely"

. the thin8 I most recall was the smoothness,the long clgarette hoLder (a Ia Boosevelt) and thepollshed manners. Ile rlas a very sophistl"cated man, butnot a man of force and strong actlons. He rratched hlnself]-lke a bureaucrat. f lnagine he felt lnterested ln tbekl}y kuin beeause lt ras a source of problems to hlm.(Questlonnalre, 19T0. )

Weber, nor a Los Angeles attorney and the father of four glr1s,rlas essenttally moderate. Ile rrrote editorlals favoring penelon in-creases for emeriti (retired) professors, opposing student tuitlon and

arguing agalnet hlring Cormunist teaehers beeause of the "effeets vhleh

rrould be rrought upon our University and others over the natlon by

auovlng Conmunists to teach"" (On, l/t6/>1.)Iteberrs semester aas highllghted by a serles of lntervlers rlth

professors on the subJect of aeadenlc freedom by Eugene Blank, vho had

returned to the nevs staff. Ttre serJ"es led a student, Esteban J.Toscano, to rronder tf "your nev reporter, Gene Blank, ls the sa.me Eugene

Btank that used to nrite those artlcles strlctly on the Pravda llne?"

L95

Then, in a campus verslon of the questlon, "Who promoted Perees?", he

asked "vho gave to a man that presented hlmself as aJI active Counmnlet

thinker the Job to rrrite those articles"? Blank replied:Ah, yesl . . . yourve caught me red handed. I can no

lorrger conceal ny ldentity. The infanous Eugene Elankand Gene Blank are one and the same character -- horns,bombs, a trristed unhappy childhoocl, et al.

It all etarted nhen a sultry Russlan spy on The Datlykuin staff referred to me by the nicknane that I havesince acqulred. (on, llgl>5,\

the light-heartedness falled to nale nueh of a dent ln the con-

servative forces movi.ng to control ltre ktrlnrs nev6 and feature policles.Chancellor Alten refused to modif)r The huints nefi Constitution, but

he aclded in a letter to Ler Leeburg, the incomlng student president,

"so fatr as I a"ur afiare, no one ls out to 'smasht the huln." (Chanc,

Lgr3, Folder 2\6-DB, 6/z\/tS")Durlng the sunner (tn vhlch the Adninlstration bamed Ttre Suuner

Bruln frorn prtntlng feature pages), Dean Hahn moved ahead ln his ca,n-

palgn to rnahe tshe Bruin more responsible. Wlth tbe ald of Prof. Bnandt,

he sought out and found a faculty sponsor for the nerspaper, Ivan Innerstof the Department of Journalism, nho rras to receine a stlpend of $600 a

11esr payable by the University Adnlnlstratlon.ft nas thls latter requirement that led to another rare dlsplay

of unlty betrreen the Student Councll and Tlce Bnuln. Edttor AI Greenstein

sald he had no objection to a faeulty advlsor but he reJectecl the iclea

that he should be paid by the AdministratLon.

He sald the payment by the Admlnistratro", rr'ou-Lq be "censorshlp"

(Og, folf S/>il and "a foot ln the door of ASUCLA freedom" (stc, 1ohl3).

L96

The deep-rooted Fuin feelings on the matter, builtup orrer a. long perlod of ti:ue, have gone unnotlced by therelatively nerr chancellor, vho seeuts to be unavare of Eanystudent-rldministratfon polnts of contentlon. (ptr, I-:O/l/>1.)

firough Student Council member Ron Garabed.i-an elaimed ftre hrulnhad a "peroecutlon eomplex" over the matter (O8, L1l22/5il, the Council

backed ASUCLA independeace and, voted to employ Innerst and pay hln vithstudent funds. f,ie dutles uere

(f) To act a6 a general consultant and advisor, butin no lray as a censor, for the Ugt"A Dal}y Bruin. (2) Tovork vlth the staff as a group and lntllviduals for closeadherenee to sound Journalletic practlce and ethics.(f ) |to attend al] kuln staff neetings. (t+) To serneas a member of the Screenlng Board to rate and nominatecandidates for editorial p,ositlons each semester. (:)To be a tspeclal' type of frlend to members of the Bnulnstaff in order to ald them to a better understandlng of aeomp1ex instttutlon and soelety" (Og, hO/ZZ/53.)

The kuln staff nas tncensed over the thlrd provlslon. "[tre

huln prides ttself on belng lndependent, rhich ls a.dmirable for any

nerspalErr" Graduate lrtanager llllJ.lara C" Ackerman hact rrltten Chancellor

Allen a fev months earller. (Crianc, L953t Fo1der 245-DB, TlTTlfi.)It ras thls sense of independence that vas vlolated by the ldea that an

"outslder" -- rhether pal"d by AdmlnJ.stratlon or student body -- rould be

aJ.J"ored to attend staff neetings. ftre staff sent a protest to the

Student Council:

I. [Jne presence of an adult faculty sponsor at staffmeetings vould tend to curtaL] freedom of expression and,nake staff members more hesltant ln erpressing their feelings.

2. The attendance of a non-member should not be forcedon any group rben that group does not desire hls presence.

3" More produetlvenese e&n be achleved in a groupmeetlng rrhen an indtvidual ls invlted by the group ltselfto particlpate in group business.

l+. Attendance at Bruin staff meetlngs has a1r*ays been onan invltational basls to non-staff nrembers. (SlC, J'L/LS/fi.)

t9T

trn retrospect, lt is easy to crltlcize The kulnts stard. llhatthe staff needed more than ever ras a rnethod of buildlng a three-way

brldge aruong nevspaper autonomy, Student Councll control and a rlsing6urge of foreefulness from the Adminlstratlon. It m:ight have taken a

mlnor engineering mtracle, but the need nas certalnly strong, and a good

barterlng procees by a conpetent advlsormlght have done lt.On the other hand, fhe huin had had previous experience vith

strangers sltting 1n on staff meetl.ngs. After the Schlapik-Rexrode

valkout in ItlI, a short-lived Advlsory Board--consl"stlng of student and

faculty representatives--had been instltuted to pass on huln staffappointments and to attend Bruln nomlnatlons meetlngs. Ir{any staffersobJectecl on the grounds that personal reroarks and critLcisms--perfectlyaeceptable uithin fhe hrutn "farily" should not be al.lorrecl to go past

the doors of KII 212.

The Bruints stand rras undereut by its inslstence on eontl.nuing

lts open-feature-page pollcy desplte the temlnr of the tLres. It prlntedan artlele by Leonard B1llet, uho yas a member of aad spokesrnan for the

leftlst Labor Youth League, although not ldentlfled as such by Itce

Brul"n:

McCarthylsnl A ReaJ" Danger

. . . McCarthylsm ls the teehntque of the B1g Liewhich seeks to effect a state of national paralysio bya mountlng stream of fantastic lies revoJ.ving around thecentraL lle that our country is endangered by an "inter-nal and external red menace." . It vas lnevitablethat McCarthylsn wouJ.d attack American ca.mpuses

McCarthyism has brought out campus regulatlon 17,the Levering Act /state loyalty oat|4/, reJeetlon ofDat1y huin staff appolntments on politi.cal grounds, aDB screening board and flnalLy a pald sponsor

I98

fhe real danger to our untverslty J.s not from amythical t'Conmunlst plot" but rather the ma.ln dangerls that students are becomlng "a silent generation"rrhose gulcleposts are "keep your mouth shut, your noseelean and your mlnd se&led." . . .(Leonard Bl]-]"et, DB, lIl3OISS.)

Appearance of the oplnlon piece led the Student Councll to caIIfor an "lnvestigatlon of fact and good taste." (SlC, L2/2/53.\ ftresultcd in a barage of letters in the Grias and Gror1s colunn, a.Il

cllpped and placed in a fl}e by the Admlnlstratlon. (Ctranc, L953,

Fo1der 2\6-DB.) ft eaused eomplaints to be sent by lrate eltlzens tothe House ComJ"ttee on Un-American Actlvlties (Chanc, L95\, Folder 2-

Journallsm, t/ll>t+.) Edltor Greenstein, rriting under the heailing

"The Heavy Cloud, " noted gloomily that "A pall of fear . . . has settled

over this ea.pt.rs."

It has made hl4pocrites of faculty members vho talkabout the need for freedom in academlc research but notin student nerspapers or student organlzations

It is velghlng dovn people r'1th a sense of futiltty.It is squeezirE students into a llttl-e balJ" shere they

. lose aII indlvldual-ity. It has caused dlstrust,lntimldation and hesitancy a.mong students to speah out.

It has nacle it a si"n for students to make mistates "ft has nade lt a greater sin for students to ask for therlght to make ml"stakes, flee from any pressure. ft issnufflng out the very_Ilght nhlch is part of the mottoof thls Uninerslty. -fri"i

Lru< -- "Let fhere Be tightJOne cannot call the sltuatlon horrifyi.ng; that rrould

make it seem lLke a spectaeular affair. Bather, it'sl"1ke a heavy veight that ls erushlr{g you doun into apysmy. (Pn, ra/lr />1.)

Itre politlcal opinlon of one student rnember of the tabor Youth

League was qulckly transforned into a question of good taste and ethics,Chancellor Al}en ald Dean Eahn met on Dec. 3 and agreed to present a

"code of ethlcs" to the students "as an adnlnistrative directive shich

L99

courd be adopted joi.ntly by the AsucLA but is enforceable by the

unlversi.ty.r' student lead,ers vere ealred into the deanrs offiee thenext day to recetve the proposed eode. (ciranc, L953, Forder al+6-DB,

LzhlX.)Looktng back l7 years later from hls vantage point as a tele-

vlsi.on ners nanaging editor at I(NXT, Greenstein recallect thatI nas on the Bnuln during the hey-clay of Joe McCarthy.I clearly recall ratching the Army-McCarthy hearlngs on T\/

Ln the Kerckhoff IIaII lounge . . fhe atmosphere uas oftenoppreseLve. I remember that Adl"al Stevenson vas rejectedas a strnaker for the Model U.N. because he uas consideredtoo controversial. Imaglne, a tna.n vho had run for preeidentcouldnrt come fuee1y to UCLA! . r

Conrunism nas not a big lssue vithln the DB etaff. Theliit.-"'purge" had occurred a semester or tvo before I got there,arul nost of ny etaff rras young, ldeal.lstlc, but not heavy onclogma.

Our relatlons vlth the Admrnistration ryere cool, oecagton-ally strained . I donrt think Hahn or AJ.J.en feared mypolitlcs because Irm not sure nor that I had any . . . .(Questionnal.re, lff0. )

His predecessor, Jack Weber, remembers Greensteln as "a partlcu-Iarly capable fellov and a hard rmker. He beca^ue edltor nhen he sas

very your€ @J aut lrm told he handled the job very ne1t." (euestlon-nairer lg?O.)

Greensteln's successor yas one of the most fascinating eilltors[he Bruin's srate system produced. Mary Erren o'connor yogel ca.me torhe Bnuln as "Bomething of a rystery girl . thln, vlth black halrrrorn in bangs on her forehead and large bright eyes that gave her a some-

vhat blrdlike appearancer t' recalled llartin McReynordo, vho ras co-cl"tyedltor rith her. "she was pretty ln a rather dellcate nay, rith a hlntof stringy toughness underneath." (euestionnalre, L$TO.)

200

lFe. VogeJ., a dlvoreee, was 2T vhen she beca^me edltor--olderby far than most of the rest of rhe Bnuln staff--a ktnd of a femare

chally chalberg. tike charberg, she rras a no-nonsense edl"tor, and ohe

rubbed easy-going staffers Ilke McReynolds the nrong way fron the be-ginnlng. l.lrs . Vogel vorked the graveyard ehift at an aircraft fa"ctoryto support herself and four children, rhmshe kept secret from the

staff until one evenlng vhen she gave a "Drop Dead" party to introducethem--the idea beirg that everyone vould drop dead of surprlse at rhatshe had to reveal. Hhy dld she keep the fact of her ehlrdren's exts-tence a secret? "Because r ranted to becorte editor of rhe kuinr " she

said. "She rlas good at budgeting tlme. $he dtdntt hang around talklng.She didn't hang around at allr" recalled MeReynoJ-ds. (fUfa.)

. she made 1t clear in conversation that she feltshe had missed the boat the first tl"re around by gettingmarried too young and that non she vas trylng to catch up1n a hurXr to get an education (which I think includedLan School plans) and to maJce her onn ray ln the norld asa successftrl rcman laryer or buslness lroman.

Gradrrate lrbnager Ackerman called !rFe. Vogel "rry close and rronder-

ftrJ" frlend, " vho, after she flas graduated,

made a business trtp to Washlngton, met a young man na^rnedDavts and eventually married hln. She gave up her ldeaof a career ln lan, but only beeause her mamlage offeredher more firlflrlment. she ls non the mother of slx chlrdren,a member of trro Board of rbuetees at unLversities in fiaehlng-ton, and a phJ.lanthroplst of reknorrn, to boot. Enyrs color-fu1 end aetlve life is the result of mueh personal ta-lentand lnlttative, and her story is representatlne of the sue-cessfuJ- careers of nany other astute and artlculate DBeditors. (Acku"rrn, L%9, p. I38.)

AccordLng to McReynords, l,lrs. vogerts preparatlon for fhe kui"nedltorlal nominatton including organiring a "tslater of candidates whLch

r*ent beyond anythlng in my experlence . arr openly pledged to vote

20r

for eaeh other and vork as a tean""

The thing that rnas Jamlng . . ras that the staffeleetton ras held on the assunptlon that no one had madeup hts mind about votlng untll hearing each eandldate speakh1s piece, alr$ver guesttons, and then llstening to a livelystaff dlscussion . . . somebody once told me I ras verynalve to thj.nk that the 1lroeesa really rorked thLs vay .B:t the faet ls that a slgnlficant number of staffers, tn-cludi.ng ue, never took part ln the dealtng

Arqnray, lt shored hotr easlly sotre group could ta.lte overthe DB lf it set out to do so. Ttre funny thlng is that theComtrnlsts and Pinkos dldn't do lt, but M" E. Yogel, afavorite vith ad:ninlstrators for her "responslble" posltton,pu1led lt off. (Questlonnalre, 19?O.)

tlhether McReynolds is eorrect or not, the fact remains that !bs'Vogel changed the "tone" of The Bruln during her serester" Dean Hahn

congratulated her on her appolntnent, conmentlng that "it has been a

pleasure to ratch your steady obJective work as a staff mesiber." (Chanc,

Folder 2l+5-DB, LZILS/fi.) Her editorla-l stands ?ere rarely controver-

sial-, and she cLaimecl that her "methods of puttlng out a paper tlere

tacitly approved" by the Student Councll. (pa, >llg/>\.)The staff rras divided lnternal"Iy, holtever, by the Chalberg-like

methods of the nev edltor. And at one polnt l,lrs. Vogelfs declsions

vere eriticlzed by a student, Jemy Blatt, who submitted an advertise-

ment for an off-campus lecture by the Young Peop1e's Soclalist League.

Ttrough the business nanager accepted the copy (and the payment), l,lrs.

Vogel killed the ad on the grounds her policy forbade Ttre Bnuln to run

any advertisements for polltlcaI parties not on the Callfornia $tate

baJ-lot--the Republtcan, the Democratic and the Prohibltion. (pn, t+/ZSl

5h.) At that tlme the Student Council had set no partlcular policy re-gardlng advertisements by politlcal. groups, so compla.ints rpere raised

202

by some, includlng McReynolds and his follorers, that l'frs. Yogelrs

decislon vas illegal.Irhe Bruln slate system, however, eotrpled rith semesterly

appointments, resulted ln a self-regulatiqg meehanism. I,f, during one

semester, the edltor rlas a }ibera-}, then the next semester the ner

edltor night very nell be a conservative. The nonlnation by Bnuin

staffs of conservatlves or moderates to succeed llberaLs happened far

too frequently to varrant anlr other eonclusion. Interferences vlththe process by Student Councils seldom replaeed real libera-Ls with

real eonservatives or vice versa. Thus, Bruin staffers had littlehesitation over sritchlng their loyalty from one leader to another,

provlded the nev edltor acted as forcefully as posslble to safeguard

Bnuln independence" In Just this vay, the non-aligned liberal., ltartinMcReynolds, 1rras nominated by Ttre buin staff for editor ln ldayr 1951+.

I entered UCLA wlth a falrly typtcal HASP mlddle-class set of values, neighted a llttle more heavtly thanaverage on the stde of stralght-laeed noral,ity --polltlcal.ly naine, believlng ln Freedom and kmocracy lna f\ruzy sort of rray, synpathetle to Horking Class ryhlcbI knen nothing about . . . AgaJ.nst racial diserlmlnationand p:ejudices but ralsed in almost liIy-whlte environ-ment. . . . my brother Davtd . rl&6 a caopus activist, . . His lnfluenee on Ine was very strong although i"t alsohad its limitatlons Davidrs influence tended to lmbueme with some of the antl-Cornrunism he had acquired Ln hlsdealings vlth left-wln€ groups -- the sort of contemptbred by femiltsrtty vhlch was mreh more convlnclng thanblind rlght-rlng red-baiting . David rras sorrethlng ofan outsider at college, a blt of a bohemian . , . I rraedrarn to the maLnstrea.m, a rabid football fan in typtealcollege faehlon, continued to llve at hone and renaineda non-smoker and teetotaller on vhat I thought vere ry frrnprincip}es but really represented #( close ties ulth myparents" (Questionnaire, LYTO.) ,, \

203

Greenstein reca-lled !,lcBeynolds as an "actlve, energetic,happy-go-Iucky fellorr. . . Alrays a hard rorker." (Questionnalre, I9?O,)

McReynolds clalmed that l,lrs. Vogel, in a fashi.on consldered

reprehensLble by Bruln standsrds, rorked agalnst his appolntmenteven

after the staff noml.nation. ftre published record, horever, shsns that,vhen the chips vere dorrn, she narned the Student Councll edltoriallyto "hesltate long before taktng actlon they rill regret arrd rhe h.j.lyhuia rrll1 resent . Its candldates for the fall semester have the

eonfidence and baeking of those nlth whom they vork." (Df, S/tglSt+.)Nevertheless, the retrnrtatlon of l,lartln MeReynolds' Socla].lst

brother, Davidr* r*ho had graduated by this time, came back to haunt theeandidate. Student Councll member Ron Garabedlan questioned McReynolds

on his politica"l affllj.ations "because r donrt think a person rlthSociallstic tendencies should head the Bnuj.n." (pA, >/26/>t+.) He vas

also asked pointedly about hls policy on running pollticaJ- advertise-ments and printlng front-page edltortats. IIe sald he wourd do both.I{lth that, the Council sent the nonlnatlons back to Itre Bnuln staff forreconsideratton.

MeReynolds decided to compromlse. He agreed to the adoption by

the Councl} of a strlcture agalnst any form of p,olltlcal advertlslng,a reguireruent that the editor should check the eontent of the featurepage each day "and be dlrectly responsible for lts cont€nt" and a ban on

front-page edltorials vithout the consent of the ASUCTA president. He vas

thereupon appolnted edltor rith only one dlssenting vote.

x Davld McReynolds is nov chalrman ofheadquartered in Nerr York City. lr{artin j

America vlth United Press Internatlona-Ithe national Har Reslsters teague,

McReynolds is photo edttor for Latlnin Buenos Aires, Argentlna.

20l+

rt rls.s to be the rast sernester for The kulnrs srate syetem"

Itopened rdth The kuln and other college nevspapers aonblning to forma Natlona-r Association for s Free corlege Press, hoping to do battleagainst eensorshi.p of the student press rrherever it might appeaJ..

(os, g/x/st+.)To begln the battle at home, MeReSrnolds sviftly put the no-

pollttcal-advertlslng rule lnto effect, eoupled vlth a serles of threeeditorials that attacked the reaEonlng behlnd lt ancl LnvLted studentsto trrressure the Student CcyunciJ- to overturn it.

It ls true that somebody mlght get exclted about aaad ln The Bruln announcing a neettng with a Conmunlstspeaher. the LA Herald and Express nlght even rrLte anedltorlal about it. A rich aJ.umnus might decide to stopbuylng football players for us. So, 1s this going to makeRoyce Ha-lJ" crumbLe and the Art BLdg" turn to dust? l,tuchbetter that they should than thetUCLA should become onlya beautJ.ful factory raanned by intellectuaJ- cowards andproduclng blank-mlnded robots. (pg, tO/t/j\,)

At about the same tlme, a ner eontroversy flared on tbe campusr

A federal larr requlred aII ROTC students to slgn loyalty certlfieates.Slnce these courses .were requlred of all ma-le freshmen and sophomore

students, the effective result ?as a loya-lty oath requirement for about

one-fourth of the student body. Reporter Fredy Perlman ras asslgned todo the story.

Once agaln, The Bruinrs lndependent ancl aggressive attitude incoverlng ners and prlnting feature contributlons aroused. concern at thehighest levels. After a compralnt by a member of the Board of Regents,AssLstant Dean of Students Byron Atklnson asked Ivan Innerst, The BrulnadvJ.sor, to make an "anarysLs of thLs selresterts BnuLn, n"rth respectto the general level of reportlng and to the partleular problem of the

n5

covera€e of the B.O.T,C. certlficate situatlon." (Chane, Fo1der ZL+6-DB,

lo/>/tt+.) rnnerst, vho ras operating in what Rtehard HlIl of the Dean

of students t etaff eal]"ed an "essentlally hostlle atmospherer " tookthe oecasion to unburden hrmseLf of his feelings about rhe kuln.

He said he agreed vlth an admlnistratlon sr:ggestlon that non-

staff coranent should be printed only ln the Grlns arrd Grosls colqnn(rlth a ll0-vord ttmltatlon), but that

For vhat Ltrs rorth, ltrs my opinion -- and I rish tostate thls rlth eJ.I flankness -- that the tlghter controlenvlsaged is not the an$rer. . . Whlle I fully agree thatsueh instances of extremists taking orrer the kuin fortheir orrn ends oeeur much too often, I honestly feel thatthe remedy need not be so sneeplng as planned, at least forthe present tlme. (Ctrane, L95la, Folder 2h5-DB, tOltZlil+.)

!{hat nas belng p}anned? At that point no one knen for sure.Innerst met vith Andren Ha.rnllton and Charleg FYancis of the public tnforna-tlon offLce and Richarct H111 in Hirlrs offr.ee the next day to declde.*FLrst, the feature page ltmitatlon vas to be put lnto effect. At the

sarne tl"me, Innerst agreed to sr:rney other universtties to deterainethel"r "patterns of admintstrative control." (Chanc, L95\, Folder Z,+6-DB,

::o/:-Zls\ ")Ihe same day, a new thorn $as pressed lnto ftre Bnulnrs flesh.

[he Beverly Hi]ls Nevs-Life, a dally nevspaper, eritlci.zed Ttre Brtrln'sopen-feature-page poltcy in a.n artlcJ-e headed "Few Misguided Youths atUCLA Abuse Prlvlteges. "

Can you tell the dlfference betreen the unrestralnedoutpourlngs of mlsgulded youth and a paralle1 ConmunlstJ-ine? . the vast majorlty of UCLA students, though

* Hamilton and HlIl rere foruer maruglng edltors of The kuin, Francl"sa former editor-in-chief .

2C,5

have no rray to enforce responsi-campus newspaper. (euoted in

Ihe Beverly }tlJ.Is nerspaper attacked a feature article by ldel

Albaum, rho had urged students to "Join the Un-Arnerican C1ub" because

Un-Americans are true Arerj.cans . fu"yI . . . do notthtnk of their country in terros of exlstlng instltutlonsand practiees but rather 1n ter-ms of progress and hr:nanlty.(oe, g/ zt />t+ . )

I{l.thout va.:ittng for rnnerstrs survey, Dean Hahn submltted tochancerlor Allen a tentattve draft of a. plan to keep The Bnuln from

"capture by isms, Ieft or right." He urged that the editor-in-chief,the managlng edtrtor and the feature editor be eleeted by a student vote,and that only the editor be requlred to have any former Bnuin experl-ence--and that for only one semester. other ma,Jor staff appointments

rrould be filled by Student Councll appcnntment from a }lst of narnes

"made jolntly and unanimousry by the board of erected editors and a

representative of the university appointed by the chaneellor." No

advertlsk€ roul-d be perm:itted for organlzations on the Attorney-GeneralrsIist of subversLve organizations.

Articles of a highly controversis-I nature, such aspolitica-l and reJ.iglous matters, must be matched bynaterials vith an opposlng vierrpoint of approxl.natelyequal qualtty and length in the same Lssue of publiea-tion. It ls an eilltorlal- responsibility to balanceviewpolnts during hls term of office.

Dean llalunts long-range goal- ras the establistunent of The kuLnas a part of the Departnent of Journali.sm, "rrlth final- reeponsibility inthe Chatrman." (Chanc, L95\, Fo1der 2l+6-DB, Lo/L8/5\.)

The plan ras modlfled slightly and Chancellor Allen submlttedit to hesident Robert Gordon sproul for his approval, Dr. sproul, beset

loyal AnerLcans, et presentbl.e Journaltsm on thelr ormDB, 1ol15 /St+.1

n7

by conservatives v-ithln ancl vlthout the Legislature and the Board ofRegents, tlred by his struggles over loyal-ty oaths and academic free-dom, only four years f?on retlrerrent, abandoned hls oupport for student

edltorst t'freedom of expresslon in splte of the m-istakes." (See page

86.) He granted approval for the dlsastrous student-electlon plar lna telegrarn sent fYom Berkeley on Nov. 23, L95l+. (Chanc, 195\, Foldler

al+5-DB. )

fhe Adminlstratlne Dlrective charglng The htly Bnuin eonstltu-

tion nas dated Dee. 7r a date whose signlfieance rres not lost upon the

nelrspaperrs staff . kesumablX, lt ras released to selected student

leaders on that date, a Tuesday, but The Bruin nas kept in the dark.

Like the Japanese alr flotllJ-a moving toward Pearl Harbor IJ years pre-

vlousj.y, the Adninlstratlon clirective crept uB on fhe Bnuln shllenegotlations \rere golng on at another J.evel. A Student Councll eomlt-tee rras working openly on a plan to provlde an Advlsory Board as a bufferbetrreen The kuln and the Student Councl]. Editor McReynolds caught

wind of the election plan and rrote editorially on l{ednesday, Dee. 8,

thai "Someone, probably the A&nlnlstration, has been plarrnlng thlschange for at least six reeks" Ihe plannlrqg has all been kept secret

from The Daily kuln and the students at latrge."

That evening, the plan was subnltted to the Stuilent Counell by

Dean Hahn:

There rere to be student elections for editor, who rlouJ.d name

his oa'n editorial board, subject to approval by the Stuclent Council and

veto by the Adnl"nistration. Because of lack of time, elections uould

not be held in the spring senre$ter, but an edi"torlal board vould be

208

chosen by a tvo-man conmlttee composed of Student Body President Skip

Byrne and an Afudnlstratlon representative. Non-staff oplnion pieces

rEou].d be llntted to llo uords ln Grins and Grovls. Controversl"al

artieles rrould be "matched" uith an opposing opinlon. And,

The editorial columns sha3-l be used by the editor-ln-chlef in any ulanner consonant vith Jor.rrnalisticpactiee and the rrlshes of SL,C subjeet to the contrlbutlonthat contrlbutors be bonafide staff rrembers or members ofSLC.

The Dally kuin had been ha.nded over to the Student Council butthe staff was not giving up easily. TlustLng in an Editor & PublLsher

article quoting Hresident sproul as supporting the principle of J?ee

student neatspapers, unawa"re that Sproul had approveil the Hahn-A11en planln the flrst place, staffers and their supporters circulated a petitionasking the presldent to nullify the directive. The petition garnered

3rooo signatures, about rrooo more than the number of students vho had

voted ln the preeedlng ASUCLA election, but the petition-signlng rltualvas only part of the }ast aet of a Greek tragecly, plaSrecl out complete

v'Ith a finaL staff nominatlns meeting, decorated rrith black borders on

Page One and punctuated nlth the drum beat of a mock funeral eortece.

fhe staff nomlnated Fern Victor as edltor, Barry l\rnlck manag-

tng editor, Jerry Farber city edltor, steve llayne assocLate editor,Eric shuman nevs editor and Jean Fox feature editor. The selectirrgcommittee rejected a,}l of them and selected lrv DnasnLn, Lee Cake, !,1arty

Sklar, Joe Colmenares, Tom Splro and Curt Oven 1n thelr place.Drasnin wa6 no f?iend of rhe kuln staff or its slate system.

Yet, he tras a good sportsrrrl.ter until he dropped off the staff because

he dlsliked its "degenerate" atmosphere. He became a copyboy rrith the

249

Los Angeles Dal}y Nens and in lp)l had presented hinself as a non-

staff eandidate for the post of nanagLng edltor. He reealJ-ed in 1959

that hte relatlonshlp nith The kuin had been

sorething llke a man nho marles and divorees the samer{or[EJ] a fer times. You donrt knov nhether to rove her orhate her; you just knsw that you care too much to leaveher alone. r questioned her virtue but defended her honor"(Aekeman, t%9.)

At the tlme of his appointment as editor he vas serving on the $tudentCounctl, as lr{enrs Ath}etlc Board. chalrrnan.

For the second tlme rrithin three years, The Bnuin proclairredits ovn "death." And in April, Lg5j, president sproul announced. he vasdenylng the request of the lrool+ petltioners--one-flfth of the studentbody. A bltter llartln Mc8eynolds foreshadCIred the independent splrlt ofstudent leaders of the r95os when he rcote to presldent sproul that

$tudents and faculty members rrho feJ.t that you roulddefend a fYee student press on the basle of sone of yor.rpast statenents non know that they uust rely on themselvesarrd stand up for their ovn prlvlleges. (OUs, \/ll/>5,\

210

Chapter I!EPIIOGUE

Of course ftre UCLA Dalty kuln dld not "dle" at af-I. hrt,depa:lved of its inner cohesiveness, forced to sink ever deeper intothe nlre of student politlcs, it beca.ne very, very sick. "Edltorshad to run for eleetive offlce Just like politlclans, and the ne*spaper

nas elosely eontrolled by the Couneilr " rrote Graduate !,tanager l,lilliamC. Ackerrnan (L%9). Charges of graft and vote-eelllng rrere hurled lnone election. Editors rrho sueceeded in pleasLng the eonservative earn-

pus electorate still had to submlt na&es of thelr edltorlaJ- boards tothe Student Council for approval, nlth the same, lnevltable result offrlctlon and i]-l fee]-lng.

In 1956 Edltor Joe Colnenares rras told by the Student Council

that he corLd not prlnt unslgned eclltorials reflect5.ng the majority ofopinlon of the edltorial board (the system used today). (DB, g/eUS5.)

In fact, the Councll ruled that no edltorials could be run at all;oplnlon pleces uere to be signed by the xrlter, vlthout uslng an edt-torlal kicker as had been the cuetom. (On, 9/25/55.) Start rrrlterErlc Shunan toltl of the breakdovn ln morale caused by the campusvlde

electlon system and the concomitant appointment potm of the electecl

edLtor:

The normal process of producing The DB ras not able tocontlnue. Hypoerlsy nas develoBed to a fine art; f?lends

211

became foes; prlnelples and eonvictions vere forsaken--al}for the sake of beirqg named to an editorla-L board position.

Sueh flas never the caee before the Administrationdlrective of December, L95l+. There were politics on theBrutn then, too, but never vere they of this sort. Theynere clean and aboveboard and eame into the forefront atthe Sunday staff recommendations meetlng and then theyvere forgotten. (on, 46/>6.)

W L957, the s1Ient, uncomrnltted generatlon rla.s ln fuII flover.Feature pages rere cut back wlth the announcement they vould be printed

"only vhen lnople have something to say." (DB, LLlLLl5|.)Edltor Edward B, Robinson vrote:There are those vho mlght argue that it is the duty of

the campus paper to stir up confliet, to keep student j"n-terest stlmulated. This is not true. Our job is merelyto present campus netls in a clear and readable form.(ps, rofr /sr .)

Just hov clear and readable thls nevs vas could be shovn by

tvo front-page stories }ater that month: "soeialist lJorkers Cited

'subversive"' (DB, LOhJl5T) and "SocLalist Workers Tle-up Uith 0om-

munlsts Shown" (pn, fo/r\/>1.) ffre sources for this "eampus neys" vere

the llouse Comittee on Un-Ameriean Activities and the U.S. Attorney-General's Offiee. Ihe Bnuin had finally joined the prevalling eonser-

vative trend and even supported the Student eouncll in rreleomlng an

investigation by a State Iegislatlve committee of subversion on the

carnpus. (otr, vlto/>5.)Eventually, student eleetion of edltors ilas ended, a.nd the

Councll took back the appointing pnrer, ulth the blessing of the Ad-

mlnistration, vhleh had Looked on appalled at the moneter it had created.By that time, hovever, rro one remained on The Bnuln staff vho remernbered

the "slate" system, and that poverf\rl foree for editorial lndependenee

2L2

remained buried. Stltl later,changed The kuin eonstltutl"on

cations Board that removed a]"l

The Bruin.

1963, the Administratlon once again

establishlng an lndependent Ccrmrmrnl-

the Student Couneil's pover over

All of these events rere far ln the future, honever, when frvDnasnin and hls staff took over the relns of The Bnuin ln spring, L955.

Draenin rras lmmediately faeed vlth some real problems: many of the

"old" staff resigned in dLegust or disappointnent (Uut l.tartin McReynolds

stayed on as a senior reporter), and the shortage of rrorkers vas so

serlous that Drasnin had to call on hls Student Counell supporters

for the physical help of vriting copy (OUs, Z/Z),l>5.) And, nov thatthe Councj.l had eontrol of The kuln, it desperately santed to cast

off the shackles that the Adminlstration had placed upon the nerslnper.

Negotiations Bueceeded ln removl"ng the llO-vord llmitatlon on non-staffopinlon articles (DB, 3l2S/55), but the CouncLl vae unsuccessful ln ltsbld to annul student election of the editor-ln-chief in favor of eon-

tlnued appointrnent by the Counell i"tself .

The Adnintetratlonre dllemma nas that the incomlng &ruin editorsrrere no more tractable than the outgolng. Drasnln, now a producer-

rrlter for CBS Nevs in Nerr York, reealled hts "sincere be}lef" that fhe

Bruln had been controlled by a "self-perpetuatilig cllque and . vas

not a 'representatlve' preos" ln the years before the dtrecttve.But nej.ther do I believe that a student body election

of The nnuin editor va6 or is the ansver, for that rrouldmake the edltor (at least then) simply the representatlveof the fraternities and sororltles, without regard to anyJournaltrstic qualiflca.tions. (Questlonnalre, 1970.)

inby

of

2L3

Drasnln beeame a leader in the flght against the Admtnlstrationveto over student edltors, nas elected student body president for theL955'55 academle year on that plank and attempted to thvart the con-tinulng ehanges bei.ng made tn the ASUCLA constj.tutlon by the Admlnis-tratlon vlthout aRy consultatlon vlth student Ieaders. Trre detail.sof the struggle are beyond the 6eope of this rrork, but one polnt iselear: The student cause nas rseakened by the eontinulng feudlng be-tween the "old" &nd "ner" staffs of rhe Bruin. fhere waa no r3!Eg€!g:ment as there had been follorlng the sehlaptk-Rexrode rarkout"

Five members of the "ord" staff began a reekly pubrleatloncaf-led the obs.eEver, an essentialry moderate pubrication devoted tg"a greater unlversity of californla . . a more meanlngful studentgovernment . . . a truryvital student pregE"" The editors appliedfor pernlssion to distrlbute the neatry printed, four-page pubrlcationon the eampus and rrere at fl.rst tord by Asststant Dean of studentsByron Atklnson that appronal vould be fortheomlng if the Observer didnot "advoeate partisan, religious or polttical. petltions . Ftdnot attack the administration on the sare polnts rrhich vere contestedra.st semester in the Bruin" a"nd restricted criticism of the Dec. ?dlrective "to speelflc acts or omiesion i"n the comlng seuester."(ous, e/f/S>.)

L,ater, permission to distribute rras denled by Atklnson:We do not feel that the on-eampus distrlbuti"on of your

paper vould be of any materi.al beneflt to the Universfty.I'urthermore, ve are naturally unuilllng to lend the

name and facilities of the Untverslty to any a.etivityshich cannot shor flnaneial responsibtlity and ln uhlchve have no volce.

21l}

It ls our vtew that there is no necesslty at thepresent time for granting recognition to an oppositlonnerspaper to the Dally Bnuln. (OUs, Z/Zt/>>.)

Unfaniliar rith the lnexpensive eost of production by volunteerstaffe in the relatively neu offset process (about $3O *r, issue), Dean

Hahn and hls staff rere puzzled at the source of funds for the news-

p&per. Blehard II111 heard a rumor that support ras conlng from "theFord Foundation an6,for Robert Hutchins" and he asked Unlverslty Po}lee

Capt. WilJ.lam t{adman about lt. }ladman, vho rras called a "thoughtpoliceman" by the American Oivil Llbertles Union, vae the "contaet

man" for the Senate Un-Amerlcan Activltles Conmlttee vlth the Univer*slty of Callfornia. It vae hts Job to keep a file on eunployees workingon "classlfled" projects, although the ACtU charged his flles actuallyvent far beyond thls limltatlon. (San nrancisco Chronicle, t/6/lh.)I{aclnan said he vou}d "cheek out" HlI}'s rumor and "let us knon vhat he

learned." (Chanc, L955, Folder 228.)

Undaunted by Adni.nlstration dlsapproval, the Observer edltors--I'redy Perlman, Jemy Farber, !,{artin McReynolds, Bary Tunlek and Steve

llayne--put derbles on thelr heads and began distrlbuting the paper atthe campus bus stop, the tradltional center for disseminatlon of off-carnpus llterature.

It ras symptomatte of thoEe topsy-turvy tlmes that the Admlnis-

tratlonts eopies of thls moderate, responslble nerrspaper a'ere flJ-ed lna folcler narked "subversive acttvltLes" nhere they remaln to this day.

Yesterday's subversl.on is today's curlo.Ulth the troubled gemester of sprlng, L955, thle history of

The Daily Bruin comes to a elose. Desplte the represston and the time

2L5

taken {?on Journalistle tasks to engage in battle rith its detraetors,

Ttre Bnuin nas stl}l able to produce pollehed and dlstingulshed nevs-

men durlng the four years follovLng the 1951 valkout. They lncluded

Erie Shunan, edLtor of City Nevs Servtce, Los Angeles; Irene Raddon

Sharkey, assistant metropolltan edltor of the Los Angeles ti"mes; BilIWingfield, prlze-winnlrg rrriter for the San Gabriel" VaILey DallyTrtbune; Bob Selzer and Jeff Blankfort, sporte reporters for the Los

A.ngeles Tlmes; B11I Durkee, eilitor of @; Tonl lffrup

Frank, women's edttor of the Santa lrbnlea Outlook. Jerry Farber becarne

an English professor and rrote the ryldeJ-y quoted student blble of the

Sixties, "The Student as Nigger."

More cannot be sald about those tlmes of thought represslon,

except this: There rras a-lrays the hope that thtngs vould get better.Edltor Peter Graber sumed up thls feeling vhen he looked ahead to the

years beyond ln the flnal eilitorial of hls tem:

" vlII UCIA ever be anythlng but a streetcarcollege, a place where students check tn at 9 a.n. andeheck out at l+ p.*.? Is there a ehance . that West-vood YiIIage vll} ever be--or can be--a eollege tovn?

. 1{l}I there ever be dorms, a pavlllon, a nevstudent union, a faculty club? WlIl there ever be anencl to loyalty oaths and eontact nen? U1II the ASUCLAretain lts independenee from the Adminlstratlon?

l{aybe there'I} be enlightened leadership generatedamong adml"nistrators, the faculty, the student body, thealumnl. You knov that there'll alvays be those vaglngthe good fisht -- and that The Daily huin viII be in theforefront. (nattor Peter Graber, >/Zg/>2.)

And, as nas the custom, he ended his edltorlal rj.th the slugllne

" -3ol'l

2L6

CITATIONS

ci"tations are includecl rlthin the body of the text. The

follorring abbreviations are used:

Adar = MLnutes of the A&n-inistrattve Staff Conmittee of UCLA.

Arch s Unlversity Archlves, L9L9-L9\5, flled ln the SpeetalCo[ectlons Boom of the PorelI Library"

mc a Mlnutes of the Board of control of the AssociatedStudents of UCLA.

mf a Minutes of Board of Trustees, tos Angeles State NormalSchool, flled vith the Unlversity Arehives.

CB a Callfornia Bruin.

CC = Cub Caltfornlan"

CDB z Californla Daily Bruln.

CG = Callfornta GrlzzIY"

Chanc = Records of the Chancellorrs Office, filed 1n !furphy H411.

DB = UCLA DallY Brrrtn-

Dicks = Papers of Regent Edtard A. Dlckson, flled ln theSpecial Oollections Room of the Powell Library.

LAT = Los Angeles Times.

LAEX * Los Angeleo Examiner.

NO = Norma} Outlook

Obs z fhe OEeervefr filed 1n Chanc, L955, Foliler 228.

SB = Summ Bnuin or Su.mner Session huin'SEC = Mlnutes of Student E:cecutlve Councll through June, L953"

SLC = M:inutes of Student Legislative Councll after June, f953.

$oCam a Soulhern CanPus.

2L7

BIBIIOGNAPTff

Ackeraan, lfi}llam Cott, !ry-Ei&y tear Lgng:lq-et JCt4., Los Angeles:Fashlon Ptressr'Im

Barsky, Robert M., Intervleu, L97O.

Bentel, Dright, "Co[ege Dal}y Ads [op Student $aOOrOOOrOoO, "Editor eqq-Jgb]-:LElgr (.rrrr. L5, L9t+9), P" 22.

, "Co[ege Press lYeedom Is Controverslal Issuer"Edltor and Pqbtlsher (.lan. 8, f9h9), ?. 18"

, "J-SchooI Helps Solve UCLA Nevspaper Tiff, "Edltor and Publisher (Uay 5, L95L), P. 32.

Berk, Phillp, "DB Procedure Exprained, " UCf,.A rylly Bruln(t't Y 8, I95ll), P' h.

Bert, Russell 8., "Srend Is Torard SupervlsLon of Student Newspapersr"Jo-urnalisn Quartefk (Ui.nter, L9r2\, p. 62.

Block Beverly, and others, "Etaoln Shrcllu Emfrrypr " Call'fofnla llallykuin, Oct. 5, L9l+5.

Boyer, PauJ- S., 9.ur1!y in-Prlnt, Nev York: Seribner's, 1958.

Brorer, !,[artin A", Questtonnaire, L97O.

CalifoTnla-4ulp, JuIy 1, 19113, to Sept " L6, L9l+5-

Cerllfornla. hi1y kr+in, Oct . 22, L%.6r. to Ju3.y 1, I!l+J, ancl@, toAprll r, r9&8.

galifornia GrlzzIJ, Ii{arch ?), LyAl+, to Oct. 2L' Ly2,5.

Callfornia tegislature Senate Fact-Flnding Cornnlttee on Un-AmerlcanActivlties, Ninth Bepo ,Saera.mento, rgtrf . fitr;r.

Caf-lfornia. Universtty at Los Angeles. Archives, 19I9-h5.

Cal-ifornla. Unlversity at Los Angeles. Associated Students.Minutes of the Board of Control, varlous dates.

218

California. University at Los Angeles. Associated Students.Mlnutes of the Student Council, L9L9-L915.

Californla. Unlverslty at Los Angeles. Chancellor's Files,r9t*5-r955.

California. Unlversity at Los Angeles. l,Ilnutes of theAdminist'ratlve Staff Commlttee.

Cassiday, huce, Qgestionnalre, lflo.Cub Ca$[qrn:pn, Sept. L9, 1919, to tlarch 20, Ly).\.

"Daily Baruln Harkens Back to Era of faft and BrIl Mooser "U $ Da,i.Iy,Bnqin, Oct. 6, s-962.

Dlekson, Edvard A., Papers. Varlous ltems.

Drasnin, Irv., Questionnaire, LYIO "

D;re, L,ee, "Irook Back I Warsr" L-os-Ange1es Tlmet, ltay LTt L97O'p. I, Sect. C.

Elmendorf, George F", Questionnaire, L97O.

Estrln, I{erman A., and Arthur M. Sanderson, Fregdom and Censorsh}pof the Coilege- Fress, Dubuque, lorra:ffip.

Forbes, HJ"II1am E., Questionne,lre, 19?O.

Ilanels, Charles G., Questlonnaire, I9?0.

Greenstein, A1, "Post DB-SEC Struggles Toldr " Elk-s!1, p. h,Jan. 5, L953.

, "DB, Pub Board, SEC flffs foldr" D8,:!ty-&8, p" 3,Jan. 5, 1953.

"Hlstory of SEC, DB Debates lblls of Staff Walkout ln 1tll, "Daily Bruln, p. 1, Jan. 7, 1953.

, "Final Stages of DB Battle Center on EdLtorial Post, "n"ff.t-nrufnr p. Ir Jan. B, I9r3.

Greenetein, A1, Questlonnafre, lflfo.Harrls, Chandler, Questlonnai"re, 19?0"

Harrison, Gilbert A., Questlonnaire, LyfA.

Hauptli, Jaek, Questionnaire, Iffo.

ZLg

Heyler, Grover, Questionnaire, 1970.

Johnson, Clycle S., Stpdg.pt Self-GoyeJnment,: A Prelim:iqafy Eurveyof the Backgrar_n{ qnd Deve}opJLgnt of Extra:Class 4ctlvitlesat tha U-nlv?rsity_ .of Callfornla. Los &qgeleg, DoctoraaDlssertation, UCI"A 19\8. 1\,ro volurnes. bU pp.

Levis, Joe, "Dai1y Brutn Conmemorahes 25 Years of School Servlce, "UCLA Daily huin: p. I, $ect. 2, Nov. 30, 195L

tos Angeles ExaJnj"ner. Yartous dates.

Los Angeles State Normal Sehool. Minutes of the Board of Trustees.

Los Angeles Tlmes. Various dates.

McReynolds, l,Iartin, Questlonnaire, L97O,

Normal Outlook, various issues.

Notevorthy, Notti.ngham J. (pseud.), "U.C.L.A.'s Sex CelI: Case Historyof CoIIege Sex, " ggn" (official }iterary-humor publlcation ofASUCTA), VoI. VI, No. 2 (December, L95o)r pp. 10-11"

"Non the Students FeeI the tJttch Huntsr" Nation, CLVI (l4ay L5, L953),p. \o7.

Obsefyer, T4e". A publlcatlon prlnted off-ea&pus by five UCLA students.Sprlng, L955.

Olton, Charles, Questlonnalre, lpfo.Person, Ben, Questionnalre, L)TA.

hyne, Richard K., Questionnaire, 197O.

Quiek, Teddy, and others, "Our FamlJ.y Treer " @,!,{arch 23, L9\\, p. 3.

Rovere, Richard H., Sene.lor J?e McCarthy, Ner York: Ilarcourt, Btrace,L959. 2Bo pp.

BubLn, Stan1ey, Questionnaire, L9TO.

Shersov, Albert, "History of kuin t?aced, " Ca.l-lfornia Dally Srlin,Aprl} 5, L%17, p"2.

_r "outl.ook Betters Raptdlyr " California_DaiLy Brui{r,April 6, L9A7, p. 2.

_, "Paper Grovs Rapldlyr " CaHfornta Da1ly ku1n, April Lz, Ly27,p.2.

220

Shersou,A1bert,,,ScribeContinuesHistory,',@,April LL, \927, p. 2.

Slgal, Claney, Gollg Avay, Boston: Houghton Mlfflin, L%2. 513 pp'

Simgu, PauI R., Questionnaire, I9TO.

Southern Caqpus-, UCLA student yearbook, L9L9'L955-

Stoddartl, Dale 8., Questionnaire, L97A.

Strock, Bob, "Ue've Been Wondering Hov lt's Doner" g.gp (fff), No. 3,Aprll, 19h8, pp. r5-f8.

Sra.nfeldt, Roy, Questionnaire, I9?O.

Tarrnrtzer, Charlotter "Grad Beporter Remlntscesr " Califor4la f,bilfBruigr oct. 5, 1931, p. l+.

"Se[ing It tlke It i{as . . .", UCLA A.l-umni },Iagazllre, )S,III, No. 3,Part I (spring , LgSg). ffi.--

UCI4 Dally Bruln, AprlJ- 2, 19h8, to June T, L955' and variouslater iEsues.

Weber, Jack, Questionruire, 1970.

Weil, Robert, Questlonnalre, 19?O.

Hei1, Robert, "The Daily Bruin Celebrates Nerspaper Week, "Ca].lfo{nla Dally &uin, Oet. 7, I9h1 t P. 2.

}Il1cox, l{alter, "mtat Student Nenspaper Problem: Here's Ner Approach, "Lulletin, Amerlean Soeiety of Journallsn School Adminlstrators,lffiffi,-rgrz, pp. ?, B.

-,

"ILe CoBege Nerspaper--What Is lts l\rnctlonr " reprinted fromNCCPA Bevlev, II, No. 3 (february, J.958).

l{orden, I{i}Ilam L., "U.C.I.A. rs Red CelI; Case History of. CampusComunlsmrt' @, YoI . 223t PP. h2-3,Oct. 21, 1950.

22L

Appendlx A

EDITONS OF SfUDENT ilET{SPAPMS Af USLA

Academtc YearEndiIe

NOR}4AL OU?IOOIfr

f911 Clarenee Hodges, Shirley D. Burns.

L912-L5 No narnes available.L9L6 Albert T. B1anford, Gertrude C.

I\,Ialoney, llillette Long, Erra Smlth.

L9LT Lee Roy Snith, Eva Throchorton.1918 Ellzabeth Lee Polk, Nlna Ehlers.

CUB CAI,fiCIRNIAN

L92O

7.y2.t

LW2

L923

rgeL (rau)

192b (sprlne)

L925

LW6

Dale Stoddard, Alice Lookabar.gh,Fern Ashley, Davld K. Barnrell.ilildrecl Sanborn.

John A. tJorley.

Irvl"ng C. Kramer.

Irvi.ng C. Kramer

CALITOBNIA $RT7.ZT,Y

Fled M. Jordan.

John F. Cohee, Robert U. Kerr.

John F. Cohee, Ben Person.

at Normal Outlook }lst taken from DB, LL/3O/5L.

222

Academl"c YS:SIEnd{,ns

LW:7

I92B

L92g

1930

I931

L932

1933

1931+

L935

L936

L937

I938

1939

r94o

lgIIL9t+2

1943

rghl+

L9t+5

:-9b6

191+?

r9lr8

EAUIN

1,J1111am E. Forbes.

Janes F. tllcklzer"H. Monte ilamlngton, Gene Harvey"

lialter Bogart.

CarI Schaefer, Charles Olton.l,laxtrelI Clark.

George Elmendorf.

Bobert ShelJ-aby.

F. Chantller }Iarrls.Gilbert Harrlson

Stantey Rubin.

Roy Snanfeldt, Nornan BorLsoff.Ul1liam T. Brorrn, Everett Carter.Stanford J. Mock, Richard K. pryne.

krrce Cassiday, Jack Hauptll,l,talcolm Steinlauf, Robert M. Barsky.

Tom Smith, Robert tlell,Josephlne Rosenfield.

Adele fhlitt, 0harlotte lGein,Gloria Farquar.

Pat Campbel*l, Helen tieht,Dorl"s lll].lens.Hannah Bloom, 8111 Stout, Anne Stern.Ann Hebert, tr-rank l,h.nkl"evlcz.

PauI Simqu, EJ.mer L. (Ciraffey) Chal-berg.

223

Academie YearEndIrX

L9\9

L950

1951

L952

1953

19r\L955

Charles G. Francis, Grover lleyler,James D. Garst, Harold E. lJatkins.

Eugene Frumkin, Jerry Schlapik (act-lng), Marttn A. Bnower.

Robert l'gers, Peter Graber.

Richard $chenk, Jack lleber

Albert Greensteln, M. E. Voge}.

!'[artin D. McReynolds, Irv Drasnin.

22,+

APPendix B

MEIONIES OF $IE FINST CU3 CALITOBNIAN

1,he queatlonnaire from Dale Stocldard, first editor of the Cub

Ca1tfornla.n, rlas received too late for use in the main text. Because

of its hlstorlcal interest, however, the main points of the questionnaire

are reprduced belov. Stoddard ras one of the youngest student nerrs-

paper editors, being only 1? rhen he vas tapped for the job. He re-

cal-led more than ha-If a century later:I rras the fLrst editor after the changeover to the

southern Bnanch of the u of cal. I never knen any of theNormal 0utlook staff.

I eclited the first paperr rffote lt, proofread the PaPerrselected the na,ne "Cub Californian" ancl had it printed atthe Times-Mirror co." L.A. The professors of the English Dept.ranted me to start thls activlty and I dld.

The flrst offices of the cub californian r*ere ln thenorth vlng of lfillspaugh HaII next to the student co-op. Atthe start of the fa}l term ln 1919 there vere tro hundred orso Junlor college students as a start of the flrst clase.There $ere over 2OOO Teacher college students and some 2oo-JOO Federal Board G"I"s from the Ist l{orld }Iar. At the outsetthere vas }ittle cooperation betreen these groups partieularlythe Teaeherst college group and the pea green Freshrran J. C"students.

After the first paper - I asked for help and some coopera-tlon in contlnuing to pubtlsh the paper. It rras not forth-eomfuE so -- I said, "You clo it." Allce Lookabar.rgh rras mysuccessor. A good gat - and she dtdntt keep the job for long"

I knov now that I was a hot headed smart efe*/6fg/ Xfaand as a result of llttle help in the edltin8 of the flrsiFaper.r I rebelled and sald, "You do tt." Years have a way oflemperfng thts hot headedness -- thank heaven. (Questlonnaire,1970. )

(ett questionnaires and notes for th:is thesis rlIL be placed on

fl3.e ln the Unlversity Archlves GLC.)

225

Appendlx C

IESTII,0$I 0f DEAN l{ILmN C. IIAI{H

The follorlng pages gi.ve an abrldged verston of the testimony

by l,lilton C. Hahn, dean of students at UGLA, before the CallforniaState Senate Courmlttee on Un-American Actlvltles on Dec. LOt L956.

Only those portlons deaJ.lng wlth The Dally Bruin are excerpted.

The fuJ"} testimony can be found in the conm'ittee rs report for L957 -

.*lr*lr*******

226

TESTIMONY OF DEAN MILTON E. HAHN

,'Q. Your namc is l\Iilton E. Ilahn?" A. That is correct"Q. You are Deau of Studeuts at the University of California at

Los Angelest" A, Yes, sir."ti. fioii long have you held that positiorl"i.. Since FebruarY, 1948'"-q. ,tira yoo o..rrpy it at the present timet"A. Yes, sir. ."Q. You came rlirectly to U. C. Ir. A. as Dean of Studentstt'A. Yes, sit."Q.At the time you commencecl your tenure there, was there a

studeut De\rspaper ealled, The Dailg BruinlttA. Yes, sir.- "Q. That ne\lspaper has been published eontinuously ever since youItave beeu at the institutiou?

"A. Tbat is eorrec! sir."Q.As a part of 1'our duties as Dean of Studenls, have you eon-

cerncd yourself rlith the probleru of Commuuist arrd subversive infil-tration at the university? . . o .

"1. Yes, sir."Q. fn j'orrr opirriotr. rr')tat part lras the sturlolt paper' The Daily

Rruiit, pla.r-c1 i, t1c tlisscrnirratio. of slbtcrsi'c propaganda amongtlrr sturlenis at the ulrirersityt

"4. It lras beeu a \'('r]'proutilrcnt aspt'ct of lhc paper, in my opinion,for all but a ferv scluesterg.

"Q. You sity for all but a ferv sctuesterst"4. Tlrat is correet."Q. ,\re 1'ou rcfclrirtg to scntt'slers at the begilrrring of your tenure

at thc universitl' or at the presertt titne?",\. Dr. Alli'n tuatle the statctncnt llrat this semester's Brl{ffl has

been alrnost, or lrits bccrt rotttp['tely frcc, i1 his opilliou, and in mine'There lraye.bcen selrt'stt'rs i1 btrtrveett tr'lrere tlre'rritilrgs b1'alleged oradurittctl Ctnrtrnltrists atttl a clcall.r' tlistilrgrrishable partl' Iine havebeen Icss tlran irt gtlrers. Lct ttte poitrt out, if I nral'volunteer a state'ruclt tllere, bcgirrrrirrg u'ilh t)rc.r'car 19{9 aud 1950, there rvere 1'969colrrrurr irtchcs of sp:tce rr'rittert b1' people u-ho claimed to be Com'rurrrrists orn'ho fr.rllpu'ctl llre Conrrrrtttrist liue vcry completely.

"Q. Ilorv nrarrl' t.olurnn inehest"i. Orre thouirrrd, ttittt'Itttttrlled sistl'-rrine, antl tllii is a eonsen'a-

tive estimate."Q. Dn 1-ou hate sirrrilar statistical dirta for othcr pcriods of timet",i. It'rrlotrlrl be quitc sitrtplt', sir, for sotlreolle to figule it out if we

had an atldirrg rnat'lriue. I lralc tlte colttttttl ittches, brtt they are not

pgT

totir)lt,tl. This is thc l'orst 1-ear siuce I havc been there." Q. 1949 ?

' ' ,\. The 1'car 19-19-50."Q. You have nradt availrtblc to the cotrtmittee, through me, these

corupilations tttr\, Yes, sir."Q. I have copics of theru herel",\. That is eorreet."Q. tr'or llre purpose of itlentificatiotr, I l-ish to shorr thcrn to you at

thc prescut tinre aud liavc 1'ou idcntifl'antl arrthenticate them so that\\'c ciln iucorporate llreru irrto our rccords.

".\. Tlrose are tnre copies." Q. Thauli 1'ou. For thc record, the do<'urncltts are as follows:

sprirrg of 19{S--thcse are the semesters, Dean llahn?"r\. Yes."Q. Spring of 19lS issrr<, uf Thc Drtiltl I)rrritt, bcsirrrrirrg Februarl'

2lltl rrrrtl cntlirrg.Iull'1.ith. Sllrirrg of 1950, conirrrcncirrg rvith the issueof Ifr'lrrttirn'Ttlr arrrl errrliug u'ith thr'. issrte of Jrrll'l8th. Iror the fallscrrtr,slr,r ol' I1).1(), the issrre ol"l'ltc Dailtl Druin, begirutirrg Scptcrnberl:lth arrtl cntlirrg on /)r.tobcr 2.:.rth. The spring serncstcr of 13;-11, begin-ing'rvitlr tht issrre r.rf l:t,ltruar"r'llllr atrd cndirrg rvith tlrc issuc of July13th. For the fall scurt,ster of 1951. the issuc bcginrring Dccember 28th;rrrd errtling rvith lLe isstte for Jattttarv 7th. Sprirrg of 19i2, the issuelr,':.:iruring Ft'brttat']'l'lst antl ettrlirrg lla,r'l{th. The firll of 1952, begin-rriu;1 tillr llr(' issll('for Seltterrrbcr:l-l1h intrl t'rttlitrg rrith tlre issuc for.l:rrrrrirrl lltlr. SIr'irrg ol l95j), issttt'lrr'litttting Ircbrrrlr',r'ltlr irrrd errdingrrirlr thc ir.tlt,for )Ia1'29th. l.'ir'll ol'l9;:), tll(, is-rre btgirrrriug Scptem-1,,.r l.ltlr irrrtl.crrdirrg uith thc i.srrc for Jirrruar.l'Slh. Sprirrg of 11ll-r5,tlrt,is.rrc bcgirrrritrg orr Febnrary lSlh arrtl crrtlirrg rr'illr the issue for.1,111., iitl. Sprirrg ol'19i6, ulriclt rvoultl.bc a partial cor.erage, lr,,girrningrrirlr t'lre issue for,\pril 9th anrl endirrg l'ith the issue for )Ia1'14th."\t,s'. Dcuir Ilahn, l'ould 1'ou cxplaiu liorv tlrcsc docuurcuts rvere1.1,1111,i1,,t] I I Irtcatr b.r' rvhat procesg.

".\. I'irge b.r' page revierv for the entire year."(J. ,\ page b1'page reyie\v tvas takeu aud this is the resrrlt of the

irrral.r'sis t",\. Yes, sir. ."Q. Do you recall a studcut by the Darrre of Ilelen EdeLnaul"A. I linew trIiss Edchuau quite weIL"Q. \Yhat lvas the period ofher actir.ity at U. C. IJ. At"A. As a student, or over-allt"Q. As a student, first.

.^"4^I rvould place it from approrimatery 1gb0 into the last ofr952-53.::9. D*id she urite for the stu<Ieut nerrspaper?

A. I eg, 8lr." Q. Tlte Daily Bruinl"A. Yes, sir, and held au editorial board position-1lQ. On that papert" A. Yes, sir.

- "Q-.Did she exert cousiderabre influeuce, in your opinion, so f&r asthe,edito,rial policy of the paper ,ra. .ouceioedi ' ---' -- -lr, I es, 6lr.

"Q. shc rvas a member of the co,,uunist b-v her orsn admission, wasshe not?"A. Shc so stated in print.

^ "(2. Aftcr lea'ing th-e unir'.ersi!r', she becarne a reporter for theComnrurrist ne\\spap"er, tbe Daily pirpl";, lvorld,l",1. I har.e heard thig."Q. Ilave you seen any articles under her narne in that papert

PA8

",\. Nt,t irr the,Pt'oplc's TPor/c/, llr. Conrbs, b't in a Comuuntst,rtr\\'sl)ul)('r.\vlrirlr shc arrtl arrother forrncr rrni\'crsity student 8t u.c.L. .\. Irarl issued.

"Q. .\ Conurrrruist publication?".\. I bt,licle it sas so dcsignated."Q. I atu norv looliiug at a iloeunreut rvhich has becn conrpiled for the

sprirrg of 1950, an analj'sis of thc material in The Doily Eruin I uoteott Fcbruar)'15th, thcrc rvas au article by Ilclen Ddclrnan; on Marchlst, tllere tsas another article by llelcn Edelrnan; on llarch 3d, therelcre trro b1- IIcl,'n Iltl,'lrrrarr; (,rt JIilr'('lr 39tlr, llrcrc rvits attotltct', andso orr. ])r. IIitlrrr, itt r'ir,'lt itrstitrrcr', llr,'rntrtlrt'l of cr,lttlttl irrclres rlcvotedIo llrirl 11Irt'of trirtlt't'irtl ('iln b('irs,','r'lirittt'rl ittttl cittt lrc t'otttpttterl fromllre rlot.rrrnouts ulriclt )'()ll l)ir\'c sul)ruilt('(l lo ust

"-{. Tlrat is eorrcct."(). So llrat tlro corrrurittcc cau ('r)rul)iu'(.tlrirl 1.r'pe of nrattrial iu the

strrrlerrt lo\\'sl)ilpor rvillr ollrcr t-\'l){'s (rf rurlcrill rvlrieh have been eval-rratcd b1' .t'otrr ollit.e :rs caruf ittg a I)arv lirre contcnt?

".A. It'uoulrl bc lu rrrrtlerestiln,rt(,. sir; lhere is onc sernester missingIrcre irr rllrich sltc'rvrote lhat 1'orr corr)rl gct a rlrritc ile(.ulate eount,

"Q. Bcfore \\'e go into a gell('ral tlr'','rilrliott of contlitiorrs at the uni-lersit.\', there arc solne otltcr rloctttttcttls u'lrit'lr I tlrink rve had betterirtcntify. I hantl )'ou no'\\'', fils of pirl)ers iu a tnattila folrler eutitledThc Oltserrrr, l95ir, antl:rsk 1'on if lou'n'ill cxatttittc tlrat file, please,and tell me of rrhat it consists.

",\. This is a file of a papcr lrulrlislrt'd off eatnptts. ft rvns a lreekly.It rlas staffcd b.r'indilidtrals rvho lratl be<'lt tut'tttltcts ttf Thc'Doily Bruinstaff. ...Q.

IIalrn? llc,n trid it originate, ifits circulation?

.Itrst rrlrat u'as 1'lrc Obscrver, Dean1'ou knorv, antl rrhat \ras the t'xteut of

".\. This tl'.l.\- take alr llour or fir'e nrinutes; rrhieh do you prefer?"Q.,\u5 lt.::5rth of tinre rvlrieh, iu 1'our vierv, is adequate for the

purpose of c.olering the question".1. Goiug tr:..k irrto Brrria historl', up until 1950-I have to count

on ru]'finge:s-up until four seul('slcrs ago, the Bruirr rras controlledb1' a self-peri)riuiltilrg groul), tlreoretir'al11' rt'sponsible lo student gov-crnrueut, br:t ec.tuallr', ablc rrrost t,f llte lirrre to c('n)pletel.v force stu-deut goterru::t.ut to do as it rrishcd. It is a publicatiou of the regents.,\u1' publici,:!,rn bcaring the narne tlnirersit)' of California is pub-Iished b1'tLe r.,gtnts. The publishcr and orvricr b1.privitf is tlre studentcouneil on each of the campuses at thc Lirriversitl- of California whiehlras. a paper. The liey' ltcople on the Bruin are paid university jour-nalists. The5 oo not buy 1'achts, but they are paid enough for ear fare,and so on. Fc,ur scmesters ago, beeause of things that rrere happening,it rsas deem,ed neeessary to ehange tbe system.

l'Q. \fl,at do 1-ou mean by things tlrat were happeningt"r\. Oh. ri,rrrplaints of alurnni, eotuplaints of for.rner-rnembers ontlre Bruia sta-.i rvho had bcen squeczcd out, eomplaints by the faculty,llre a<lnriuis:riai ion, and studeuts.

-"Q. \fhat complaints \\-ere made? \l'hat were they mostly eoncernedwith?

"A. Thel'rariecl all over the lot. llany stucleuts eame in over theyears con:plainiug that they s'auted to rrork on the student paper, butapparentlj- tLeir rierrpoints nere \\'rong and they n'ere -"queeied out.Iu tlre 1-ears I urentioucd, rrith the treurendous output, Ig4.9 and 19b0,they had der-rlc,ped sourc intercstirrg methods of eleetion. Tbe Bruinstaff-, repcrri,:i)1'. by majoritl'.vote,-recornmended their suceessors; butin that J'ear. a practice .,.as i,troduced of ta)iing lvritten bailoti forthe editr,r a,r.,i the nrii,aging editors, rcruor-i,g ihem frorn the roomand attnr-ur.iin3 the results, but nobodl'eycr sa\y the hallots. If the stafr

2,29

\\'as spiir. z. it frc.luently was, thel'$ould rrait untrl someone walkedout and l.,rr,,]:'--rire quorum; or at midnight, they nould hold their meet'ings and il-,: r:.,tubers \rould objcct to going out that late. Thcy eventbreatened io,.'rike if the student eouneil wouldn't lct them do as they'rishcd. Ti.;s l.i,1,pened se'r'eral times. It $as a closely controlled organi-zation, sl'r:r.,.irrr fronr 60 to 100 tltortsatld dollars a ]-ear of someonec]se's rnc,r,,,l'. -\s I said, tlrat s1'stetn'was chatrgod forrr semesters ago' 8othat an1'p,-::'Ir lritling tlre qualificatiotts to bc cditor could ruu for thatposition.'Ti.e ,'ne who receivcd a nrajority of the votes became editorand had a i"ir--'.'-strong loice in sclccting his o's';r staff. Silrcc that time,the persr,rrr..l arid jourualistic aspect has changed rnarkedl.v. In otherrl'ord-.. irr' ::.ll,.,,lrrcing ntr)l'e tletttor:t'itc)', rve olrtairrcd a different result.

"Q. JI.,'.',' ,lrr,s tlrat situation cottuect itself rvith Tlte Obscrxerl",\. TJ.e Oi'."rr'-er stall rvere peoplc 'who lclst out in tlrc election and

decidcd rr., puLlish the paper. The financirlg of it probably eost about a

tlrorrsrrtrd dollars. Some of it earue frotu sttbscriptions, rvhere the regtr,f it t.arle is a rlircct m.r'ster1', rrc tlotr't know..'tl. \Yas arr"r'elT<.rrt rnaile to obtcin univcrsity permission to circulate( 'n t hc canlprn ?.'.\. This is against tlre regulations of thc uuiversity to distributerrr()r'(' tlllu c,rte tttti't'ersitl' paper and t)rat franchise rl'as held by theRruin.

"Q. But an effort n'as made by The Obseruerl",\. Yes." Q. \Yhen that rras dcnied by the then administration, rras ?f,c

Oli.rtrr'6r circulated ofi campus?",\. Yes, sir. It reached a number of people."Q. Is it still being printedt".\. l*o, sir. Ouc of tl-re key people $'ent to l[esico Citl', I believe,

:lr,,r.il)' aftcr that last issue. The othcrs-sor1e stayed in school." Q. Do the namcs of tbe stalI members aud editors, and so oD, appear

in lhc various issues of the paperst",\. Ies, but, in fairness, Iet me point out that a number of tbese

irr.,fine )'oullg rncn atrd \\'orDcrr u']ro bclieve that they n'ere fighting aIrgitirnate, libcral cause. I dou't tlrink there should be any implicationsrnade.

" Q. That is the rea-son rve prefcr not to introduce llarnes publiclylt llris tinre. That is a getreral technique rrith subversive groups, isn'tit, prrrticularl.y frout organizatious, to attract sitrcere libcrals, non-srrl)\','rsilc persorruel for thc purposc of recruiting aud propagandiziug?"-\. That is correct, sir. .

The big blorv-rrp ou the catDplls, if I rnal'backtrack a rnoment--I think tha[ the rno.t n.'tility for coutrol, frotu the startdpoint ofll,t studcrrts aud atlult tlilectors of thcse nrovcnlcllts, rvt're directedIrrrrirrtl The Daily Brrrirr. There is uo use creating incitlents aud ffght-ittg cnuscs if -r'orr crrrr't gct prrblirit.r'. Irr lJre s,,rrrr'stcr bt,,.iruse of stronglrrcsitlctrls of the slrtrlont L<ltlt trrrrl sl rorrg <,,litors of tlrc Bruin, Ilhirrk 1't,u carr follotr & \'cr,\'r,leur rlr.o1-l.oll'. It is irrrpossillle to getIublicitr'. so tvhv rrirstc t.inrc. If )',,rr gct ir rrt,irli strrrlorrt borlS'prt,sident()r a ('our)(il that is confuscd arrtl a /llrriir strrll tlrat is rvilling to be used-it tloc.u't Iritvc to be str<-rrrg, btrt llrt. ar.lir.it.r. stcps rrp rnarliedll'.Tlrat is (llrite a clear lrctrtl as ]'()u looli Llrt:'l< on it. I clorr't hrrorr.rlhether.\'ou \\'ant Irtc to rcurl sornctlritrg irrto llre l.r,r.ortl, lrrrt JIr. C'harlcs Fran-cis. l'lro is one of tlre fiuest coll,,gc l(,\\'slrirp(,r nien tlrat it has everbct'lt tt,1' 1rrivilt,ge to rrret t anti orrc of t lx' irr,.r.t t,,rrlrr;1cous, itr 1g{8arrtl 19.{9. rv)ten llrirrgs'rvere rt-ruglr arrrl l}r,,r'e rvlrs Plrlsir.al danger ap-ltiiretrtll', said in his'Gitlcon's I)irt.r.Lirrcrr,'lr fivc-p;rrt crlilori-al thattttt for a u'r'r'k in llrirh is irrrlrr,li,rl JIr. I.'rarrli li,.\itt's ll'csf rr.oodIfil/s Prr.ss editorial: ',\ll of tlrc t,r'irlcrrcc in lliis st,rir.s. Irorr-cter, is attlatter of rccortl itrrtl it forrrrs ir trrtirrrirrgf'rrl arrtl rrl;rlrrrirrg patterit for

e3CI

tnc. -\ftor tlealirrg rvitI t|is grgpp for trvo 1'cat's, I tatr itrrivc at lronebut the fo)!orving couclusions.'

"Q. To rvhottt is hc referring? -"i. Tl,e LaLror l'outh League, rvho put on tlte Carvcr rally.

" Q. -\ll right."i. lContiDuing) 'That thcir actil'itics arc plattncd to-harrass and

Irartu tlit rcputatitiir of the Unilersitl' of California at l:os .i\ngeles.Thcir nicthods irr dclling uith tltc rtttivcrsit.r' arrd stutlelrt <-rrganizationsare tlishoncst, sub t'osa,-atrd insiucet'e. That as lottg as the rest of thestutletrts cotrtiuue thcir prcscnt urrrvillilrgncss to t'ontt'ibute articleS rep-rescrrling their os'n lies'poiuts attd cottvietiorts, ?/rc Daily Bruinfeatrtre page rvill be dorrrirratetl bf itlcas of a Inilitant rrrinority. Irastly,I hate ]canred that to do brtsiucss rlith the Strrtlerrts f<.,r \\'allace is tobe double-crc,ssctl, stncarcd, aud rnisguitlerl.' I rvortld substituie theI:YL there. Then, tltere s'as a secotrd editorial rvritterl by Peter Braber.lIe closetl out s'lrat rras tlrc rrrrtubcr trvo editorial l'ritten in the Bruinon this subject; it is enlitled'I(iss of Dcath.'flc writes:

,, ,DiscrimiDatiol). farultl' lo1'alt1' oatls, clarnp-tlorvtrs on the studentpress and the prohibition of political -sPeakers on the-campus all areproblcrns rrlrich libcral stutlents are entleavorirrg tr-r rcctifl-. Yet, as soonas tlrese studelts lanuclt proglams dcsigrled to correct sqch elils, thefirst- and -secorrd-strillg Cigurntttnists atttl lheir rctl squads, the LYIr,YPA, et al., come forrvard '$'ith outstrctched arlus' .r\ cotrservative re-action 1'|ich curtails alU' progress. Ilt lttaltv instanccs, tlre liberalsare unarlare that thc-r'are being used b1'thc rcds; in other cases' theyrtclcotue alj' and all slpport tlte.l' can get, llot flll1- realizing t)re im-plications inIolYed. Thrrs, it is olten the lil-reral's o\ul naivete rvhichpla-r's intr-, tlre C6nttttutrist |arrtls tlrough liberal lcaders_reccutll' seemio lrave bccrrrrie luore a\\'are of the red infiltration.']Ir. Graber lvas ancxcellent, sitrccre attd sotttrtl liberal.

"Q. \Yhat las the date of that?",i. l'l,at l'as s'rittcn )la1'7, 19;-12. Corniug dorrn to the present

situati<.,n. I drrrr't llrirrli u'c are ilI an.v- bettcr or \rorse condition thanrnr.rst -statc irr:titutiorrs. Tlrc pulr)ic is unalrrrrc of sotne of thc tliffcrences.In a prilatc institution, thc stutlent can be a.sketl to leave, his lllone]'rcfurrrl,:rl. Lcr.ause he attentls as a priviL'ge. In a slatc irrstittttion, asDr. .\llrn lroirrted crut, he attends as a riglrt. Tlris is as it should be,urlr.s tlrt're is a cit'il r.'-'iic,tr or ctitrtittal actiott'tvltt'rc guilt is provedirr t.,,tirt, regirltllcss of r'l.at thc irrlilitlrtitl tlr,t's ltc rcrnitins in tlre in-stilrrlir,rr. \\-c dou't run riirurts; \\'rt aro Itot irn rrtljutiicirtirrg or a legalI,,r,l.r', so rve l'orli urttje'r,:,,:riplctell'tlilTr'rcnt sr:ls of circtttttstattees. The:i>i,rlr tlrat sct'Ins to Le'.'.,-,rliitlg at tlle presettt titne'rvith this collectiv-j.1 ;1;,prt,aclt, has bec'tr a cr,ttstitttt attcrulit to trt'ittc rlisunity bcs'eent! ,.sill(i,'nls, the facultl-. ald the atlnriuistralion. 'Ihis is donc b.v a series,f ,.r't.;rtt,tl clcrtts. and;f 1'<,u had coutrol of the /irrrin 1'ou l'ould be;rl,lr. lo gct pul,rliritl'. In llre Iarcer pictrtrc, thcy sct'li rotttrol of sotuer;rrir',.r'.il)'cttrplol't't's a:','..:ll as tlre -stutletrt lrodl'anrl if llrc.t'ean't makeir irr r'rrc jurnp, thcl'rrill rr:ake it in 10. It is irrrportatrt to theur to con-rr,'l ti,c uuiversitl'aIrd also. if possible, control tlre srrtaller canrpuses,.11,.|1 1i. Sarrta Barbar& ?.:lrl Rivcrsidc. aud the snritllcr c:lmplls south of1,, r... fou are secing a:::-&ll numbcr of verl'hartl-u'orhittg, tletentrined1,,,,1,1e uho are doilg cr''.rtthiug iu their pou'er. No. 1, to control theurri\(,rsi1)', No. 2, lher.i,-.r possible, to rnake it lose yrublic coufidenee.'Ii,i. is a starrdartl operir:ing proeedure.

"Q. It is a standar.i t.'.'hnique, is it nott' ' -\. Ye s, sir."Q.Do lou lra'r'e arrl'thiug to add to 1'our lcstirnorl', Deau Ilahn!",\. No. sir, except I agree nith Dr.,\llerr that it is a ltrisilege tohale a chauce to rrork rvith a govenrrncntal agencl'l'lrich rnal. be called

Ir1'sterical or I'itch-hunting, but eornltletell- undeservetlll-. I thinkthc rrniversitl- orves rl'ou a dcbt of gralitude for l'lrat 1-ou, geutlemen,are doing.

zal