Personality Development

PD 1PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

Week 2Introduction to Personality

Development

OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF HOSPITALITY AND INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT



• After this chapter, the students will be able to:– Acquire introductory knowledge on the following:

•Description of Personality;•Origin of Personality;•Dynamics on how we function; and•Description and possible explanation of the personality that one has.

LEARNING OUTCOME


Development

PERSONALITY: DEFINITION





• Sum total of all natural and acquired traits and qualities an individual possesses

PERSONALITY: DEFINED



• Sum total of traits and qualities that a person has as reflected in his/her manner of talking, dressing, ways he/she deals with others, feeling, temperament, and interest, his/her mental capacities, and attitudes and beliefs.

PERSONALITY: DEFINED



• A fairly stable configuration, feelings, attitudes, ideas, and behaviour that characterized the individual, making him unique and different from others.

PERSONALITY: ACCORDING TO CONKLIN C.



• The collection of traits that determine the individual’s adjustment to his environment. Each individual is made up of determining tendencies that pay an active role in his behaviour. Personality is what lies behind the specific acts of a person.

PERSONALITY: ACCORDING TO GORDON ALPORT



• Each individual has a unique configuration of motives, traits, values, and interest. Every act performed by the person bears the stamp of his own distinctive style.

PERSONALITY: ACCORDING TO ALFRED ADLER


Development

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: DEFINITION





• is geared towards development of organized pattern of behaviour and attitude that make a person distinctive.

• This course provides the students the concepts and principles of personality development and includes discussions on the dimensions of personality and ways of improving one’s personality to help make the student become a world class professional.

PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT: DEFINED



• To gain self awareness• To be socially accepted/ for social

effectiveness• To improve/gain self confidence• To keep ourselves on the job

REASONS FOR DEVELOPING PERSONALITY


Development

DETERMINANTS OF PERSONALITY





• Nature or Heredity– Biological factors such as age, sex, race, height, weight, and built as genes were transmitted by parents to offspring. There are controversies as to whether intelligence and aptitude are also inherited.




• Nurture or Environment– Consists of group of individuals, institutions, and

surroundings with whom the person interacts with from childhood to adulthood. From them an individual may acquire sets of beliefs, ideas, values, attitudes, and other social – cultural characteristics through the process of socialization.




• Experiences– Openness to experience is a measure of depth, breadth, and

variability in a person’s imagination and urge for experience. – Relate to intellect, openness to new ideas, cultural interest,

educational aptitude, and creativity as well as varied sensory and cognitive experiences.

– HIGH OPENNESS – Broad interest, liberal mind and like novelty– LOW OPENNESS – Conventional, conservative, prefer familiarity




• Volition or Motivation– The freedom of choice and to make this choice to

implicate change.– When we made up our mind, it is called eminent volition– When we put forth any particular act of choice, it is

called executive or imperative volition– When one imperative choice governs series of actions, it

is called predominant volition



Development

PERSONALITY ENRICHMENT





• Realize that improvement is needed• Have a strong desire to improve

• Make a checklist or inventory of weakness and strong points

• Have a step by step plan for improvement• Put your plans into actions

STEPS IN PERSONALITY IMPROVEMENT

PD 1: PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT

ACTIVITY #1:• List down all your weakness and strong points and make a step by step plan on how are you going to

make it improve.




Development

JOHARI WINDOW





• Joe Luft and Harry Ingham(both researchers in University of California in the 1950’s-theorizes that personality can be expresses as windows that offers a way of

looking into individuals personality)

JOHARI WINDOW



• Things that are known to self and to others.• The self that we choose to reveal to others.

OPEN/PUBLIC WINDOW



• Contains things that others don’t know and this is kept to ourselves.

HIDDEN WINDOW



• Things that others see in us and that the self is unaware of.

BLIND WINDOW



• Things that nobody knows yet or the areas that is unexplored.

DARK/UNKOWN WINDOW


Development

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY





• Phelgmatic(tend to be self content kind)

Characteristics:• Affectionate, very receptive, shy, prefer stability than change, rational, curious,

passive-aggressive

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY: GREEKS



• Choleric(a person who is a doer)

Characteristics:• Have a lot of ambition, energy, and passion; they can dominate people, tend to be a leader




• Sanguine(fairly extrovert)Characteristics:

• Very sensitive, compassionate, and thoughtful; talkative but sometimes emotional, very

friendly




• Melancholic(tend to get so involved in what they are doing so

they tend to forget others)Characteristics:

• Perfectionist, self-reliant, independent, thoughtful ponderer, often very considerate,

person has strong suicidal tendency




• Pyknic(round fat and heavy short, round limbs; a full face with a broad head and thick shoulders, stockiness and obese)

Characteristics:• Friendly, neutral in character, gullible, marked dependency to others, good in communication and dealing

with others.

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY: PHYSIQUE



• Asthenic(thin, slightly built and slender in structure)

Characteristics:• Reserved, perfectionist, ambitious, and short

tempered.




• Dysplastic(a built that combines two or more physique)




• Athletic(muscular and big boned, physically active and

strong)Characteristics:

• High degree of self confidence, autonomy and independence, rational, aggressive making them

good administrator




• Ectomorph(lean, slender, and long bodies)




• Mesomorph(muscular, robust body, athletic type )




• Endomorph(fat, round, and heavy built)




• TYPE ACharacteristics:

• Excessive ambition, aggression and competitiveness, drive, impatience, need for control, focus on quantity over quality, and unrealistic sense of urgency - commonly associated with risk of

coronary disease and other stress related qilments

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY: TEMPERAMENT



• TYPE BModerate ambition and drive, accommodating

attitude, cooperativeness, focus on quality, and general easy approach in life.

THEORIES OF PERSONALITY: TEMPERAMENT


ACTIVITY #2:• PERSONALITY DYNAMICS

- Releasing tensions and stress- Developing a NEW YOU!!!





• Study shows that personality passes through several stages of development from infancy to adulthood– Physical, emotional, mental, moral, and psychological– FACTORS: Satisfaction in the basic needs, resolution of conflicts, adjusting on the demanding role of the society, and poor coping mechanism

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY: PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORIES



• Personality develops through PSYCHOSEXUAL stages of development.• Individual personality is made up of:

– ID – animal instinct that follows the rule of the pleasure principle

– EGO – social conformist– SUPER EGO – synonymous to one’s conscience and ruled by principles, morals, and virtues learned thru the developmental stages.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY: FREUD PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY



• Stages of Development: ORAL (0 – 18 mos)– Weaning from bottle/breast feeding – Establishing trust– CHARACTERISTICS: Frustration, dependence, pleasure principle

– OTHER TRAITS: fixation that may result to passivity, gullibility, orally focused habits such as smoking and eating voraciously




• Stages of Development: ANAL (18 mos – 3 yrs)– Toilet training, self control or feeling of autonomy or independence

– CHARACTERISTICS: Reality principle, fear of loss of object, love, approval and start of super ego development

– OTHER TRAITS: fixation that may result to rigid thought patterns; obsessive compulsive disorder, messiness, cruelty or destructiveness




• Stages of Development: PHALLIC (3 yrs – 5 yrs)– Oedipal/ Electra Complex – establishing sexual identity, socialization

– CHARACTERISTICS: sex identification and super ego development

– OTHER TRAITS: unresolved conflict may lead to sex identity crisis and problems with figures of authority




• Stages of Development: LATENCY (6 yrs – 12 yrs)– Peer group experience – group identification– CHARACTERISTICS: super ego influence on sex interest and intellectual development

– OTHER TRAITS: difficult in social skills, resulting to feeling of inadequacy and inferiority




• Stages of Development: PREPUBERTY/ADOLESCENCE (12 yrs – 15 yrs)– Establishing heterosexual relationship – developing social control over instincts

– CHARACTERISTICS: consideration to the needs of others– OTHER TRAITS: unresolved conflicts may results to difficulties in becoming financially and emotionally independent. Lack of self identity, and inability to establish intimate relationship




• Stages of Development: GENITAL (15 adulthood)– Sexual maturity – resolving dependence and independence conflict

– CHARACTERISTICS: consideration to the needs of others– OTHER TRAITS: unresolved conflicts may results to difficulties in becoming financially and emotionally independent. Lack of self identity, and inability to establish intimate relationship




• Personality is a result of establish relationships and experiences with others

• Has almost the same concept with Freud’s theory of personality development

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY: ERICKSON’S EIGHT STAGES OF EGO DEVELOPMENT



• Stages of Development: ORAL SENSORY (0-1yr)– CONFLICT: Trust vs Mistrust– STRENGTHS: Drive and Hope– INSTITUTION: Religion




• Stages of Development: MUSCULAR – ANAL (1-3yrs)– CONFLICT: Autonomy vs Doubt Shame– STRENGTHS: Self control and will power– INSTITUTION: Law and Order




• Stages of Development: LOCOMOTOR – GENITAL (3-5yrs)– CONFLICT: Industry vs Inferiority– STRENGTHS: Direction and Purpose– INSTITUTION: Technology




• Stages of Development: LATENCY (6-11yrs)– CONFLICT: Identity vs Role Confusion– STRENGTHS: Method and Competence– INSTITUTION: Ideology




• Stages of Development: YOUNG ADULTHOOD (19-35yrs)– CONFLICT: Intimacy vs Isolation– STRENGTHS: Devotion and Fidelity– INSTITUTION: Ethics




• Stages of Development: ADULTHOOD (35-50yrs)– CONFLICT: Generativity vs Stagnation– STRENGTHS: Affiliation and love– INSTITUTION: Generative succession




• Stages of Development: MATURITY (50yrs - up)– CONFLICT: Ego Integrity vs Despair




• Role of sensory experiences during the growth development

• A person when given appropriate sensory experience will be able to develop appropriate cognitive skills and that they should undergo sensory stimulating experiences and resolved them in order to properly develop to maturity.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY: PIAGET’S STAGES OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT



• Use of reward and punishment in sustaining desired behavior

• Individual tends to repeat behavior and become reinforced when rewarded, when behavior is not rewarded or punished the tendency is that it would be extinct.

DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY: SKINNER/PAVLOV BEHAVIORAL THEORY


ACTIVITY #3:• SETTING AND AIMING GOALS- “Vision Board Making”



Documents

Personality Development