Upload
independent
View
3
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Public Transport
06/10/13 federmann/co 2
A new look for an old problem
presented by Helmut Federmann
Bonn
06/10/13 federmann/co 3
Public Transport
phase - oriented
multi-dimensional
inter - disciplinary
wholistic / coherent
Public „ Power“
06/10/13 federmann/co 4
Commodity
Commodity
Commodity
Commodity
Public Service!
Public Service !
Public Transport
06/10/13 federmann/co 5
Operating
PT Services
Building
Infrastructure
Infrastructure planning
Spatial planning
Maintaining
infrastructure
06/10/13 federmann/co 6
Infrastructure planning
Spatial planning
Service operation
Building infrastructure
Maintaining infrastructure
Phase-oriented
Public Transport
A G E N D A
o Charakters of PT
o Concepts of institutional arrangements
Daseinsvorsorge/SGEI
Competition
CPR
Collaboration
06/10/13 federmann/co 8
FAREWELL
Public Transport
06/10/13 federmann/co 9
• Why do we have public transport ? 1 • What is the difference between private and
public transport?
• Is there one ? 2
• What constitutes public transport ? 3
Some preliminary questions….
Public Transport
1. Long term view
Pre-conditions for
Public transport services :
Providing/ maintaining
infrastructure
tangible elements
Buildings , Railtracks; Signals; stations, vehicles, trains,
buses, e.g
intangible elements
network planning; time tables system-management e.g.
2. Short term view
operating
transport services
Personal staff, manpower, operating
supplies
06/10/13 federmann/co 11
Public Transport
Public Transport
06/10/13 12 federmann/co
Three market failures
collective goods problem (cream skimming)
an externality problem (having costs and benefits that can’t be captured by markets)
a monopoly problem (natural monopoly)
06/10/13 federmann/co 13
Public Transport
3. Common/
collective
good
network structure
general accessibility
inter- connection inter- operability
Traditionally
A matter of SGEI „Daseinsvorsorge“
First a legal issue ???
An economic issue A technical issue
06/10/13 federmann/co 14
Public Transport
Not a mere transport service but a highly complex system of technical, socio - economic , legal aspects . A multidimensional approach should fit best to analyse and integrate all the different issues into a solution for a proper regulation of public transport .
+
+
+ = A
multi-dimensional
inter- disciplinary
issue
sales order, profits Political influence, political power, votes Financing, planning transport services Income ; occupational conditions good quality in services, network reliability, fair tariffs, service orders, profit cost recovery improvement of working conditions higher salaries 06/10/13 federmann/co 15
S t a k e h o l d e r P e r s o n a l O b j e c t i v e s
Public Transport
Bus-/ train industry Politicians; deputies PTA public transport authority Employees Customers Bus-/ Train operators Local transport companies Unions
Public Transport
06/10/13 federmann/co 16
• EU Law directive 1370/2007
• National law
• Länder law (at least in Germany)
• inconstistencies; incompatibilties
• causes time consumung disputes
• loss of confidence
• rising uncertanties for
• investments
• for supply of PT-services
Consequences of existing legal Framework
06/10/13 federmann/co 17
Public Transport
Pre- condition for Public Transport is providing and maintaining a man made ressource system - a Common Pool Ressource - consisting of tangible and intangible infrastructure elements.
It provides a collection of different vehicles to offer paid transport services to the public. These services are general accessible, seamless inter-connectetd and interoperable, assisted by technical devices to make sustainable and intelligent multimode- mobility possible for users.
The more users share this ressource system, the lower will be the cost per transport unit per user.
The Rationale of Public Transport = definition of Public Transport
socio - economic concept/approach bounded and authorised by public participation institutional design by „Principles for long enduring CPR Institutions“ (Ostrom) Less conflict between public authorities and market- requirements
Public Transport
06/10/13 federmann/co 18
primarily legal oriented; SGEI a legal definition dominated by public Law structured by administrative aspects operated by bureaucratic institutions Conducted by „the political calculus“ hardly innovative „Verwaltung Garant einer gerechten Verkehrsordnung“ Staatlicher Rollen-Dualismus Schiedsrichter /Spieler paternalistic by state authorities
SGEI and Competition German: „Daseinsvorsorge“
CPR and Collaboration
06/10/13 federmann/co 19
„Principles for long enduring CPR Institutions“
Clearly defined boundaries;
Congruence between appropriation/provision rules and local conditions;
Collective choice arrangements where most individuals affected by the operational rules can participate in modifying those rules;
Monitors are accountable to the appropriators or are the appropriators
Graduated sanctions;
Conflict-resolution mechanisms;
Minimal recognition of rights to organize.
E. Ostrom
Public Transport
06/10/13 federmann/co
20
„ Pubilcly“ servedinfrastructure – systems/services1
1 .road -,railway–networks; education; internal /external security 2. automobiles, cinemas; 3 infrastructure, power-station; /telco-networks; harbours, etc4 tangible / intangible infrastrukture; public transport
Common Property 4
Resources (CPR)
„privately“ produced/ delivered goods and services
Common use/consumption by citicens/consumer 3
Private use/ consumptionby private consumers/
producer
Common use Private use
Public Transport