Some tarsonemid mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from the Brazilian “Cerrado” vegetation, with descriptions of three new species

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Accepted by Z.-Q. Zhang: 4 Jan. 2005; published: 17 Jan. 2005 1

ZOOTAXAISSN 1175-5326 (print edition)

ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition)Copyright © 2005 Magnolia Press

Zootaxa 823: 1–27 (2005) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/

Some tarsonemid mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from the Brazilian “Cerrado” vegetation, with descriptions of three new species

A.C. LOFEGO¹, R. OCHOA² & G.J. MORAES³1 Depto. Zoologia, Inst. de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo-SP, Brazil ([email protected]); 2 Systemstic Entomology Laboratory, Agriculture Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Henry A. Wallace Beltsville Agriculture Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA;

³ Depto. Entomologia, Fitopatologia e Zoologia Agrícola, ESALQ/Universidade de São Paulo, 13418-900

Piracicaba-SP, Brazil.

Abstract

Seven tarsonemid species were found in leaf samples from the "Cerrado" vegetation in the State ofSão Paulo in southeastern Brazil. Mensuration data of four species, Daidalotarsonemus tesselatusDe Leon, Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski, Tarsonemus confusus Ewing and T. waitei Banks are pro-vided. Three new species, Daidalotarsonemus folisetae Lofego & Ochoa, Metatarsonemus megas-olenidii Lofego & Ochoa and Tarsonemus longisetae Lofego & Ochoa are described. Food habits ofD. tesselatus are discussed.

Key words: Acari, Tarsonemidae, Cerrado, phytophagous mites, taxonomy

Introduction

Despite the importance of some mite species of the family Tarsonemidae as pests of differ-ent crops, they are poorly known in Brazil, especially on native vegetation. This paperrefers to tarsonemid mites collected on native Brazilian plants from the “Cerrado” in theState of São Paulo, in southeastern, Brazil. This vegetation type consists mostly of shrubsand short twisted trees found mainly in the central part of the country, including parts ofthe State of São Paulo. Originally it covered roughly a quarter of Brazil. In the regionswhere the mites reported in this paper were collected, the altitude is about 400 m above sealevel and the temperature ranges between 15–35°C in the summer and 0–30°C in the win-ter.

LOFEGO ET AL.2 © 2005 Magnolia Press

823ZOOTAXA Material and Methods

Samples of leaves of different plant species were collected in surveys conducted in 2000,2001 and 2003, and were taken to the laboratory, where the tarsonemid mites were col-lected and mounted for species identification.

The terminology used in this paper is that used by Lindquist (1986). For each struc-ture, the mean measurement is given in micrometers, followed in parentheses by the range.For species already described in the literature, the numbers in parentheses after collectiondates indicate the number of specimens collected. The following abbreviations are used forinstitutions where types were deposited: ESALQ/USP — Universidade de São Paulo,Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Departamento de Entomologia, Fitopa-tologia e Zoologia Agrícola, 13418-900 Piracicaba-SP, Brazil; USNM — United StatesNational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20560,USA.

Results

Seven tarsonemid species collected in this study are reported in this paper. Three of themwere determined as new to science and are subsequently described. New mensuration dataare provided for other 4 species collected in the study.

Daidalotarsonemus folisetae Lofego & Ochoa, sp. nov.(Figs. 1–6)

Diagnosis: Females of this new species are similar to Daidalotarsonemus jamesbakeriSmiley in the shape of ornamentation of C and D tergites (longitudinal, waved continuousridges), but differ by having the dorsal opisthosomal seta e phylliform and not setiform asin D. jamesbakeri.

Adult female (5 specimens measured).Gnathosoma: subcircular in dorsal view and subtriangular in ventral view, length 35

(33–37), maximum width 28 (23–31); dorsal apodeme distinct. Setae ch 15 (14–16) andvm 10 (10–11) smooth; seta pp 20, filiform, almost indiscernible in dorsoventral view. Pal-pus moderately long, with 2 small subterminal setae and terminal cone-shaped structures.Pharynx fusiform, 19 (18–20) long and 8 (8–9) wide at widest region.

Idiosoma (Figs. 1 and 2): length 206 (200–215), width at level of c1 110 (100–125);prodorsal shield normally covering gnathosoma, with irregular ornamentation. Stigmanear lateral notch of prodorsal shield, equidistant to bases of setae v1 and sc2. Tergites Cand D ornamented with longitudinal, waved continuous ridges. Lengths of the setae: v1 28(25–30), sc1 14, sc2 36 (33–39), c1 24 (22–26), c2 15 (13–16), d 41 (40–42), e 29 (24–31),

© 2005 Magnolia Press 3THREE NEW TARSONEMIDAE

823ZOOTAXAf 41 (40–44), h 18 (16–20). All setae serrate; v1, sc2, c1, c2 and h setiform; d and f lami-

nate tricarinate, wider medially; e phylliform; sc1 capitate and with tiny spines. Distancesbetween dorsal setae: v1–v1 28 (25–30), sc2–sc2 50 (47–55), v1–sc2 29 (25–32), c1–c1 47(45–50) c2–c2 109 (105–115), c1–c2 39 (37–40), d–d 40 (37–42), f–f 16 (15–18), e–f 15(15–16), h–h 20 (20–21). Seta sc1 inserted anteriorly to sc2.

FIGURE 1. Daidalotarsonemus folisetae sp. nov. (female). Dorsal surface.


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FIGURE 2. Daidalotarsonemus folisetae sp. nov. (female). Ventral surface.


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FIGURES 3–6. Daidalotarsonemus folisetae sp. nov. (female). 3, leg I; 3’, sensorial cluster; 4, legII; 5, leg III; 6, leg IV.


823ZOOTAXA Coxisternal setae 1a 7 (6–10), near middle of apodeme I; 2a 12 (12–13), near middle

of apodeme II; 3a 19(16–22), near anterior end of apodeme III; 3b 10 (10–12), on poste-rior end of apodeme IV. Apodeme I conspicuous, fused to anterior end of prosternal apo-deme. Apodeme II short, not fused to prosternal apodeme. Prosternal apodemeconspicuous from junction with apodeme I to level of posterior end of apodeme II, but dif-fuse from this point to level of sejugal apodeme; conspicuous section with a median node;anterior half of diffuse section widened. Sejugal apodeme uninterrupted, with medianindentation. Apodeme III with a constriction near anterior end, extending diagonally fromproximity of base of seta 3a to anterior margin of trochanter III; apodeme IV extendingdiagonally from the middle of the poststernal apodeme to base of seta 3b. Poststernal apo-deme bifurcated anteriorly. Coxistenal plates smooth. Tegula wide and short, 4 (4–5) longand 15,5 (15–16) wide; posterior margin straight. Seta ps smooth.

Legs (Figs.3–6): lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 52 (50–53), leg II 48 (46–50), leg III55 (52–59), leg IV 34 (31–36). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu,tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 3-4-5(2)-7(1), leg II: 3-3-4-4(1), leg III: 1+2-4-4. Tar-sal solenidion ω of tibiotarsus I 6 (5–7), stout, wider medially. Sensory cluster of tibia Icomplete, solenidion φ1 3 (2–3), slender, capitate; solenidion φ2 3 (3–4), robust, slightlycapitate; famulus k 6 (6–7); all those inserted at approximately the same level. Seta d oftibia I 30 (27–32), serrate. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 5 (4–5) long, stout, widermedially; seta pl´´ absent. Seta d of tibia II 16 (15–19), serrate. Femorogenu IV 22 (20–25); tibiotarsus IV 12 (11–13). Length of leg IV setae: v´F 12 (10–15), v´G 21 (20–23),v´Ti 29 (22–32) and tc´ ́60 (55–65); all setae smooth; v’G and v´Ti laminar.

Adult male: unknown.Type material: holotype female and 2 paratype females from Psidium guajava L.,

Pirassununga, State of São Paulo, Brazil, 15/VIII/2002, A.C. Lofego; 1 paratype female,03/V/2000, other collection data as holotype; 1 paratype female, 24/I/2000, other collec-tion data as holotype; 1 paratype female, 18/VII/2001, L.A.S. de Castro, same host andlocation as holotype; all deposited at ESALQ/USP. Three paratype females from Psidiumcinereum Mart Ex DC., Luiz Antonio, State of São Paulo, Brazil, 26/I/2000, A.C. Lofego,deposited at USNM.

Etymology: the species name folisetae refers to the leaf-shaped seta e.

Daidalotarsonemus tesselatus De Leon

Daidalotarsonemus tesselatus De Leon, 1956:163; Smiley, 1972:91.

Material examined: São Carlos: Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) Berg, V-2000 (14),VII-2000 (5); Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC., V-2000 (3), VII-2000 (2); Myrcia venulosaDC., I-2000 (1), V-2000 (1), X-2000 (2). Pirassununga: C. pubescens, I-2000 (1), V-2000(7); M. guianensis, I-2000 (3); M. venulosa, I-2000 (3); Psidium guajava L., I-2000 (4);


823ZOOTAXAPsidium guineense Sw., I-2000 (1), V-2000 (12), VII-2000 (1). Luiz Antonio: C. pubes-

cens, V-2000 (16), VII-2000 (2); M. guianensis, V-2000 (1), VII-2000 (3); Myrcia bellaCambess, I-2000 (1), VII-2000 (1); P. cinereum, I-2000 (1), V-2000 (2), VII-2000 (1).

Previous records (Lin & Zhang, 2002): Japan and USA. Remarks: most of measurements of 5 adult females collected in this study agree with

those given in the original description, except for the following structures: gnathosoma(length and width), 3a and 3b, 15% longer; 2a and distance f–f, 30% longer; and tc’’ , twicelonger. The average measurements of the specimens collected are given subsequently.Gnathosoma: length 32 (30–35), maximum width 30, ch 15 (15–16), vm 9 (9–10) and pp

20 (20–21), pharynx 18 (17–18) long and 10 wide at widest region. Idiosoma: length 195(185–195) (excluding gnathosoma), maximum width 114 (105–120). Dorsal setae: v1 26(25–28), sc117, sc2 27 (24–29), c1 16 (15–17), c2 17 (15–19), d 34 (30–36), e 21 (20–23),f 36 (30–40), h 16 (13–18). Distances between setae: v1–v1 28 (27–30), sc2–sc2 54 (50–57), v1–sc2 30 (28–31), c1–c1 59 (58–60), c2–c2 117 (115–122), c1–c2 37 (36–38), d–d42 (41–45), f–f 15 (14–17), e–f 14 (13–15), h–h 21 (20–23). Ventral setae: 1a 5 (5–6), 2a11 (10–13), 3a 16 (15–18), 3b 10 (10–12). Tegula, 4 (4–5) long and 16 (15–17) wide.Setae of legs: leg I: ω 5 (5–6), φ1 3 (2–5), φ2 3 (2–3), k 5 (5–6), d of tibia 27 (25–28); legII: ω 4 (4–5), d of tibia 18 (16–20); leg IV: v’ F 11 (9–12), v’G 22 (19–23), v’Ti 29 (25–32), tc’’ 65 (55–70).

Note: the feeding habit of D. tesselatus is not adequately known. Lindquist (1986)suggested that it might feed on lichens, algae or plant leaves. In this study, specimens ofthis species were maintained for a week in a laboratory on leaves of M. guianensis and C.pubescens. During that period, the mites were observed feeding on those leaves on severaloccasions. Males and females were reared to adults, and became progressively more inten-sively green, suggesting the ingestion of leaf cell contents.

Metatarsonemus megasolenidii Lofego & Ochoa, sp. nov.(Figs. 7–18)

Diagnosis: Females of this new species are similar to Metatarsonemus simplicissimusAttiah in the shape of gnathossoma (subcircular) and idiosoma (oval), and by having sev-eral fissures on the ventral plates, but differ by having the fissure of the coxisternal platesIII and IV larger and bifurcate posteriorly. Males of the new species differ from M. simpli-cissimus by having solenidion ω of tarsus II approximately twice as large.

Adult female (5 specimens measured).Gnathosoma: subcircular in dorsoventral view, length 23 (21–25), maximum width 24

(23–25); dorsal apodeme distinct. Setae ch 12 (11–13) and vm 7 (7–8) smooth, seta pp notobserved. Palpus short, with 2 small subterminal setae and terminal cone-shaped struc-tures. Pharynx subfusiform, 13 (12–14) long by 7 (7–8) wide at widest region.

Idiosoma (Figs. 7 and 8): length 180 (173–185), maximum width 97 (95–100). Pro-


823ZOOTAXA dorsal shield completely covering gnathosoma. Stigma lateral, equidistant to bases of setae

v1 and sc2. All tergites smooth. Lengths of setae: v1 24 (20–28), sc1 13,5 (13–14), sc2 27(24–30), c1 16 (13–18), c2 16 (14–20), d 13 (13–14), e 7, f 13 (12–14), h 10 (10–11).

FIGURE 7. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (female). Dorsal surface.

.All


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FIGURE 8. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (female). Ventral surface.


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FIGURES 9–12. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (female). 9, leg I; 10, leg II; 11, leg III;

12, leg IV.


823ZOOTAXAsetae setiform, stout and serrate, except sc2, smooth, and botridial seta sc1, capitate and

with tiny spines. Distances between dorsal setae: v1–v1 28 (26–30), sc2–sc2 51 (50–53),v1–sc2 24 (23–25), c1–c1 48 (45–52) c2–c2 73 (68–79), c1–c2 31 (30–33), d–d 32 (28–38), f–f 20 (18–21), e–f 12 (11–13), h–h 22 (21–23). Seta sc1 inserted at same level or pos-terior to sc2.

Coxisternal setae 1a 6 (5–7), near middle of apodeme I; 2a 11 (10–12), near anteriorend of apodeme II; 3a 11(8–15), near anterior end of apodeme III; 3b 9 (9–10), on poste-rior end of apodeme IV. Apodeme I conspicuous, fused to anterior end of prosternal apo-deme, wider at region between bases of setae 1a; apodeme II short not fused to prostenalapodeme. Prosternal apodeme conspicuous from junction with apodemes I to level of pos-terior end of apodeme II, but diffuse from this point to level of sejugal apodeme; conspicu-ous section with a median node; diffuse section widened. Sejugal apodeme uninterrupted.Apodeme III extending diagonally from proximity of base of seta 3a to anterior margin oftrochanter III; apodeme IV extending diagonally from the middle of poststernal apodemeto basis of seta 3b. Poststernal apodeme bifurcate anteriorly. Coxisternal plates smooth.Coxisternal plate I with 2 fissures, one very short, antero-medially to seta 1a, and one rela-tively long, postero-lateral on the coxisternal plate. Coxisternal plates III and IV with a fis-sure that extends postero-laterally from area near junction of apodeme IV with poststernalapodeme, crosses apodeme IV and bifurcates at level of posterior margin of trochanter III.An ellipsoidal fissure is situated adjacent to the posterior end of the poststernal apodeme.Tegula 10 (10–11) long and 12 (12–13) wide; posterior margin rounded; lateral marginsslightly concave, under which arise a pair of sharp structures. Seta ps serrate.

Legs (Figs. 9–12): lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 41 (40–42), leg II 38 (35–40), leg III49 (47–50), leg IV 35 (34–36). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu,tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4-4-6(1)-8(1), leg II: 3-3-4-5(1), leg III: 1-3-4-5.Solenidion ω of tibiotarsus I 5 (5–6), stout, wider medially. Sensory cluster of tibia I com-posed only of solenidion φ1, very short (2), and famulus k (4), both inserted at approxi-mately the same level. Seta d of tibia I 31 (30–32), smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus IIproximal, 5 (4–5) long, stout, wider medially; seta pl´´ not observed. Seta d of tibia II ser-rate, 12 (11–14). Femorogenu IV 25 (23–26); tibiotarsus IV 10 (9–11). Leg IV with setaev´F 6 (4–7) and v´G 11 (10–12) smooth, and setae v´Ti 19 (24–30) and tc´ ́26 (24–30)slightly serrate.

Adult male (6 specimens measured).Gnathosoma: subcircular in dorsoventral view, length 20 (19–22), maximum width

21(20–23); dorsal apodeme distinct. Setae ch 11 (10–12), serrate, vm 6 (6–7), smooth, ppnot observed. Palpus short, bearing 2 small subterminal setae and terminal cone-shapedstructures. Pharynx 10 (9–11) long and 6 (5–6) wide in the widest region.

Idiosoma (Figs. 13 and 14): length 134 (129–140), maximum width 76 (71–83). Pro-dorsal shield trapezoidal. Length of dorsal setae: v1 21 (18–23), v2 13 (12–15), sc1 20(18–23), sc2 22 (18–25), c1 18 (14–22), c2 20 (15–25), d 19 (15–24), f 13 (11–16). Allsetae setiform, stout and serrate. Distances between dorsal setae: v1–v1 12 (12–13), v2–v2


823ZOOTAXA 23 (22–23), sc1–sc1 27 (25–28), sc2–sc2 37 (35–38), v1–v2 10 (10–10), v2–sc2 9 (8–9),

sc1–sc2 4,5 (4–5), c2–c2 72 (65–77), c1–c1 60 (55–63), d–d 31 (29–34), c1–d 18 (16–21),c1–c2 34 (31–38), f–f 20 (20–21). Seta sc2 laterad and slightly posterior to sc1; seta c1closer to d than to c2, antero–lateral to the latter.

FIGURE 13. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (male). Dorsal surface.


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FIGURE 14. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (male). Ventral surface.


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FIGURES 15–18. Metatarsonemus megasolenidii sp. nov. (male). 15, leg I; 16, leg II; 17, leg III;

18, leg IV.


823ZOOTAXACoxisternal seta 1a 6 (5–6), in the middle of anterior half of coxisternal plate 1; seta 2a

10 (8–11), in the center of coxisternal plate 2; seta 3a 13 (11–16), near anterior end of apo-deme III; seta 3b 12 (10–14), near middle of apodeme IV. Apodeme I fused to anterior endof prosternal apodeme; apodeme II not fused to prosternal apodeme. Prosternal apodemeconspicuous between coxisternal plates I but very thin between coxistenal plates II,extending to sejugal apodeme. Sejugal apodeme conspicuous, with 2 lightly sclerotizedsections posterior to setae 2a. Lines of fusion between coxae III and IV with venter of idio-soma mostly conspicuous (apodemes III and IV , poststernal apodeme and connecting apo-deme between apodemes III and IV); connecting apodemes between apodemes IV andpoststernal diffuse. For the most part, venter of idiosoma punctate; punctation most promi-nent immediately anterior to sejugal apodeme and anterolateral of apodeme III.

Legs (Figs. 15–18): lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 44 (42–45), leg II 40 (38–41), legIII 46 (41–50), leg IV 55 (39–80). Number of the setae (solenidia in parentheses) onfemur, genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4-4-6(1)-8(1), leg II: 3-3-4-5(1), leg III:1-3-4-5. Solenidion ω of tarsus I 4 (3–4), stout, wider medially. Two minute setae present,probably the fastigial setae ft' and ft", placed near ω. Sensory cluster of tibia I composedonly of solenidion φ1 2 (2–3), and famulus k (4), both inserted at approximately samelevel. Seta d of tibia I 25 (20–30), serrate. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal 9 (9–10)long, stout, wider medially. Seta pl´´ not observed. Seta d of tibia II 12 (10–13), serrate.

Trochanter IV slightly wider than long, anterior margin slightly longer (12) than poste-rior margin (9), seta ví 14 (10–18), smooth. Femorogenu IV 37 (26–53) long and 14 (11–20) wide at v´F level; anterior margin convex, posterior margin slightly convex at proxi-mal third and slightly concave at 2 distal thirds, without flange or projection. Seta v´F 7(5–10), smooth. Setae v'G 20 (15–25) and l"G 15 (11–18), serrate. Tibia IV 14 (10–22)long; solenidion φ 6 (5–8), bacilliform; seta v'Ti 24 (20–30), serrate. Tarsus IV short, bear-ing 3 smooth setae of the following length: tc" 4 (3–5), pv" 6 (5–7) and u' 5 (4–6). Clawwell developed.

Type material: holotype female, from Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) Berg and 1paratype female from Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC., Luiz Antonio, State of São Paulo,Brazil, 26/VII/2000, A.C. Lofego; 1 paratype female from M. guianensis, 02/V/2000,same location and collector as holotype; 2 paratype females, 26/I/2000, other collectiondata as holotype; 1 allotype male and 9 paratype males, 16/V/2002, other collection data asholotype; 2 paratype females and 5 paratype males from M. guianensis, 16/V/2002, samelocation and collector as holotype; 2 paratype females from Myrcia venulosa DC., SãoCarlos, State of São Paulo, 25/V/2000, A.C. Lofego; all deposited at ESALQ/USP. Oneparatype female and 1 paratype male, same collection data as holotype, deposited atUSNM.

Etymology: the species name megasolenidii refers to the large solenidion on tarsus IIof the male.


823ZOOTAXA Tarsonemus longisetae Lofego & Ochoa, sp. nov.

(Figs. 19–30)

Diagnosis: Females of this new species are similar to Tarsonemus teqmen (Lin) in theshape of pharynx (elongate, slightly wider at posterior half) and by having all dorsal setaeelongate, but differ by having dorsal setae sc2 longer than c1; it also differs by having 4and 3 setae on femora I and II, respectively, while T. teqmen bears 3 and 2 setae, respec-tively, on those segments.

Adult female (5 specimens measured).Gnathosoma: subelliptical in dorsal view, length 30 (30–32), maximum width 26 (25–

27); dorsal apodeme conspicuous. Setae ch 11 (11–12) and vm 8 (7–10) smooth, seta ppnot observed. Palpus short, with 2 small sub-terminal setae. Pharynx elongate, slightlywider at posterior half, 16 (16–17) long and 4 wide at widest region.

Idiosoma (Figs. 19 and 20): length 188 (175–225), maximum width 110 (102–125),prodorsal shield covering only base of gnathosoma. Stigma lateral, closer to base of setav1 than to base of seta sc2. All tergites smooth. Length of dorsal setae: v1 35 (34–36),sc113 (13–14), sc2 98 (95–100), c1 40 (37–45), c2 43 (42–45), d 64 (60–69), e 48 (44–51),f 51 (48–54), h 39 (36–40). All setae setiform and serrate, except sc1, capitate and withtiny spines. Distances between setae: v1–v1 21 (20–24), sc2–sc2 46 (44–49), v1–sc2 37(35–39), c1–c1 63 (60–65) c2–c2 97 (92–100), c1–c2 26 (24–27), d–d 44 (42–45), f–f 18(15–23), e–f 25 (24–27), h–h 34 (33–35). Seta sc1 inserted anteriorly to sc2.

Coxisternal setae 1a 12 (12–13), near junction between apodeme I and prosternal apo-deme; 2a 15 (15–16), near middle of apodeme II; 3a 15 (14–15), near anterior end of apo-deme III; 3b 18 (16–20), near posterior end of apodeme IV; all setae serrate. Apodeme Iconspicuous, fused to anterior end of prosternal apodeme; apodeme II not fused to proster-nal apodeme. Prosternal apodeme conspicuous from junction with apodeme I to level ofposterior end of apodeme II, but diffuse from this point to level of sejugal apodeme; con-spicuous section with median node; anterior half of diffuse section widened. Sejugal apo-deme uninterrupted, in some specimens inconspicuous medially. Apodeme III extendingdiagonally from proximity of base of seta 3a to anterior margin of trochanter III; apodemeIV inconspicuously united to anterior region of poststernal apodeme from which it extendsdiagonally slightly beyond base of seta 3b. Poststernal apodeme partially inconspicuous,bifurcated anteriorly. Coxisternal plates smooth. Tegula with posterior end rounded, 10(10–11) long and 15 (14–15) wide. Seta ps smooth.

Legs (Figs. 21–24): lengths (femur to tarsus): leg I 53 (50–57), leg II 55 (52–58), legIII 64 (60–67), leg IV 45 (40–46). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur,genu, tibia and tarsus, respectively: leg I: 4-4-6(2)-8(1), leg II: 3-3-4-6(1), leg III: 1-3-4-5.Solenidion ω of tarsus I 5 long, stout, wider medially. Sensory cluster of tibia I complete,solenidion φ1 3, slender, capitate; solenidion φ2 2 (2–3), stout; famulus k 5, insertedslightly distal to φ1 and φ2. Seta d of tibia I 35 (35–36), smooth. Solenidion ω of tarsus IIproximal, 4 long, stout, wider medially; seta pl´´ 3 (3−4), inserted slightly proximal to


823ZOOTAXAsolenidion ω. Seta d of tibia II 26 (25–29), serrate. Femorogenu IV 33 (30–36); tibiotarsus

IV 10 (10–11). Length of setae of leg IV: v´F 13 (10–15), v´G 19 (18–21), v´Ti 34 (33–37)and tc´ ́97 (95–100). All setae smooth.

FIGURE 19. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (female). Dorsal surface.


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FIGURE 20. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (female). Ventral surface.


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FIGURES 21–24. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (female). 21, leg I; 21’, sensorial cluster; 22, legII; 23, leg III; 24, leg IV.


823ZOOTAXA Adult male (5 specimens measured).

Gnathosoma: subelliptical in dorsal view, length 25 (23–28), maximum width 20 (20–21); dorsal apodeme conspicuous. Setae ch 11 (10–12) and vm 9 (8–10) smooth, seta ppnot observed. Palpus short, bearing 2 small subterminal setae. Pharynx elongate, 12 (12–13) long and 4 (3–4) wide at widest region.

Idiosoma (Figs. 25–26): length 152 (150–155), maximum width 86 (80–91). Prodorsalshield trapezoidal. Length of dorsal setae: v1 28 (26–30), v2 26 (24–28), sc1 80 (75–90),sc2 27 (21–37), c1 49 (45–54), c2 40 (33–45), d 52 (49–56), f 16 (15–18). All setae seti-form and serrate. Distances between dorsal setae: v1–v1 14 (13–15), v2–v2 22 (21–23),sc1–sc1 32 (31–34), sc2–sc2 45 (44–46), v1–v2 11 (10–12), v2–sc2 13,5 (13–15), sc1–sc25,5 (5–6), c2–c2 81 (80–83), c1–c1 72 (66–75), d–d 43 (41–45), c1–d 17 (16–20), c1–c234 (32–36), f–f 24 (22–25). Seta c1 closer to d than to c2, antero-lateral to the latter.

Coxisternal seta 1a 10 (10–11), antero-median to center of coxisternal plate 1; seta 2a13 (10–15), near central region of coxisternal plate 2; seta 3a 16 (15–18), near anteriorthird of apodeme III; seta 3b 17 (16–18), near posterior third of apodeme IV. Apodeme Ifused to anterior end of prosternal apodeme; apodeme II not fused to prosternal apodeme.Prosternal apodeme conspicuous between coxisternal plates I, diffuse between coxistenalplates II, extending to sejugal apodeme. Sejugal apodeme conspicuous and straight. Linesof fusion between coxae III and IV with venter of idiosoma conspicuous (apodemes IIIand IV, poststernal apodeme and connecting apodemes); poststernal apodeme bearing apair of spine-shaped structures near its anterior end. All ventral plates with faint puncta.Slight transverse striae immediately anterior to sejugal apodeme.

Legs (Figs.27–30): length (femur to tarsus): leg I 51 (50–53), leg II 51 (48–53), leg III58 (56–63), leg IV 56 (50–63). Number of setae (solenidia in parentheses) on femur, genu,tibia and tarsus: leg I: 4-4-6(2)-9(1), leg II: 3-3-4-6(1), leg III: 1-3-4-4. Solenidion ω oftarsus I 4 (3–5), stout, wider medially. Sensory cluster of tibia I complete, solenidion φ1 3(2–3), capitate; solenidion φ2 short, 2,5 (2–3); famulus k 4 (4–5), inserted slightly distal toφ1 and φ2. Seta d of tibia I 27 (20–30), serrate. Solenidion ω of tarsus II proximal, 6 (5–6)long, stout, wider medially. Seta pl´´ short, 2 (2–3). Seta d of tibia II 23 (20–26), serrate.

Leg IV robust. Trochanter IV slightly wider than long, anterior margin slightly longer,14 (11–17), than posterior 9 (8–11), seta v´ smooth, 18 (15–22) long. Femorogenu IV, 42(38–48) long and 14 (12–15) wide at v´F level, with anterior margin convex and posteriormargin mostly concave, except for proximal fourth, without flange or projection. Seta v´F11 (10–12), smooth; setae v'G 27 (24–32) and l"G 69 (60–75) serrate. Tibia IV 9 (8–10)long; solenidion φ 5 (5–6), bacilliform; seta v'Ti 39 (37–41), serrate. Tarsus IV short, bear-ing 3 smooth setae of following lengths: tc" 7, pv" 9 (7–10) and u' 11 (11–12). Claw welldeveloped.

Type material: holotype female, allotype male, 2 paratype females and 5 paratypemales, from unidentified plant, São Carlos, State of São Paulo, 30/IX/2002, A.C Lofego; 1paratype female from Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC., 16/V/2000, same location and col-


823ZOOTAXAlector as holotype; 1 paratype female from Psidium australe Cambess, 30/X/2000, same

location and collector as holotype; all deposited at ESALQ/USP. Two paratype femalesand 1 paratype male, same collection data as holotype, deposited at USNM.

Etymology: the species name longisetae refers to the long dorsal setae.

FIGURE 25. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (male). Dorsal surface.


823ZOOTAXA

FIGURE 26. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (male). Ventral surface.


823ZOOTAXA

FIGURES 27–30. Tarsonemus longisetae sp. nov. (male). 27, leg I; 28, leg II; 29, leg III; 30, leg

IV.


823ZOOTAXA Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski

Tarsonemus bilobatus Suski, 1965: 539; Kaliszewski, 1993: 26.

Material examined: São Carlos: Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) Berg, V-2000 (1).Pirassununga: C. pubescens, V-2000 (3); Psidium guajava L., V-2000 (1).

Previous records (Lin & Zhang, 2002): Byelorussia, China, Costa Rica, Egypt, Hun-gary, Italy, Japan, Korea, Poland and Ukraine.

Remarks: most of the measurements for the three adult females collected in this studyare 10–30% shorter than those given by Kaliszewski (1993) for specimens from Poland.The average measurements of the specimens collected are given subsequently. Gnatho-soma: length 29 (27–30), maximum width 23 (21–15), seta ch 13 (12–13), seta vm 9 (9–10), pharynx 19 (18–20) long and 6 (6–7) wide at widest region. Idiosoma: length 181(170–193), maximum width 107 (100–115). Dorsal setae: v1 23 (22–25), sc113 (12–13),sc2 60, c1 16 (15–17), c2 25 (24–26), d 10 (10–11), e 11 (10–12), f 16 (15–17), h 13 (12–14). Distances between setae: v1–v1 22 (21–22), sc2–sc2 45 (45–46), v1–sc2 35 (33–37),c1–c1 67 (62–69), c2–c2 94 (91–98), c1–c2 27 (27–28), d–d 36 (33–37), f–f 22 (21–23), e–f 28 (27–29), h–h 41 (40–42). Ventral setae: 1a 11, 2a 11 (10–12), 3a 16 (14–17), 3b 8 (8–9). Tegula, 8 (7–9) long and 9 (9–10) wide. Setae of legs: leg I: ω 5 (4–6), φ1 3, φ2 3 (3–4),k 4, d of tibia 26 (23–30); leg II: ω 5 (4–5), pl’’ 3 (3–4), d of tibia 24 (20-27); leg IV: v’ F11 (11-12), v’G 17 (15-19), v’Ti 25 (24-27), tc’’ 25 (24-27).

The measurements given by Kaliszewski (1993) based on three specimens fromPoland, including the holotype, were: Gnathosoma: length 29-31, width 24-25, pharynx 16long and 7-8 wide. Idiosoma 197-202 long. Dorsal setae: v1 29-32, sc113-15, sc2 64, c125, c2 29-30, d 13, e 13-14, f 17, h 17-18. Distances between setae: v1-v1 2, sc2-sc2 50-52, c2-c2 104-111, c1-c2 75-77, d-d 37-42, f-f 24-26, h-h 43-47. Ventral setae: 1a 12, 2a13-15, 3a 17, 3b 12. Setae of legs: leg I: ω 6-7, φ1 4-5; leg II: ω 4-5, pl’’ ; leg IV: v’ F 13,v’G 19-22, v’Ti 29-30, tc’’ 60-64.

Tasonemus confusus Ewing

Tarsonemus confusus Ewing, 1939: 26; Beer, 1954: 1173; Smiley 1969: 221; Kaliszewski, 1993:40.

Examined material: São Carlos: Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) Berg, V-2000 (1); Myr-cia venulosa DC., V-2000 (2); Psidium australe Cambess, VII-2000 (1); Psidium guajavaL., I-2000 (1). Pirassununga: C. pubescens, V-2000 (1), VII-2000 (1); Psidium guineenseSw., I-2000 (1). Luiz Antonio: C. pubescens, V-2000 (2), VII-2000 (1); Myrcia guianensis(Aubl.) DC., VII-2000 (1); P. guajava, V-2000 (7).

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284661260_A_revision_of_the_Tarsonemidae_of_the_Western_Hemisphere_Order_Acarina?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==


823ZOOTAXAPrevious records (Lin & Zhang, 2002): Byelorussia, China, Germany, Ireland, Italy,

Japan, Korea, Netherlands, Poland, Turkey and Ukraine.Remarks: almost all measurements of the five adult females collected in this study are

10-40% shorter than those given by Kaliszewski (1993) for specimens from Poland. Theaverage measurements of the specimens collected are given subsequently. Gnathosoma:length 28 (26–30), maximum width 27 (24–30), seta ch 12 (11–13), seta vm 9, pharynx 17(16–19) long by 6 (5–6) wide at widest region. Idiosoma: length 170 (150–183) (excludinggnathosoma), maximum width 101 (91–115). Dorsal setae: v1 24 (20–27), sc1 12, sc2 55(52–60), c1 15 (13–16), c2 20 (18–23), d 8 (7–8), e 7 (6–7), f 8 (7–8), h 9 (7–10). Dis-tances between setae: v1–v1 26 (24–29), sc2–sc2 47 (45–50), v1–sc2 30 (28–31), c1–c1 62(57–68), c2–c2 97 (90–100), c1–c2 35, d–d 34 (31–37), f–f 15 (13–17), e–f 30 (26–33), h–h 37 (32–40). Ventral setae: 1a 8, 2a 11 (10–12), 3a 12 (10–13), 3b 9 (8–10). Tegula, 6 (5–7) long and 9 (7–10) wide. Setae of legs: leg I: ω 5 (5–6), φ1 3 (3–4), φ2 3 (2–4), k 4 (4–5),d of tibia 30 (29–32); leg II: ω 4,2 (4–5), pl’’ 3, d of tibia 18 (15–20); leg IV: v’F 10, v’G9, v’Ti 25 (24–26), tc’’ 58 (50–70).

Tarsonemus waitei Banks

Tarsonemus waitei Banks, 1912: 96; Beer, 1954: 1181; Lindquist, 1978: 1024.Tarsonemus setifer Ewing, 1939:19 (synonymy according to Lindquist, 1978).Tarsonemus pauperoseatus Suski, 1967: 267 (synonymy according to Lindquist, 1978).

Material examined: São Carlos: Campomanesia pubescens (DC.) Berg, X-2000 (1); Myr-cia venulosa DC., X-2000 (2). Pirassununga: M. venulosa, XI-2000 (1); Psidium guajavaL., VII-2000 (1); Psidium guineense Sw., XI-2000 (4). Luiz Antonio: P. cinereum Mart. ExDC., X-2000 (1).

Previous records (Lin & Zhang, 2002): Brazil, Canada, China, Congo, Costa Rica,Egypt, Korea, New Zealand, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, Ukraine and USA.

Remarks: the measurements of the five adult females collected in this study are closeto those given by Lindquist (1978) for type series from USA. The average measurementsof the specimens collected are given subsequently. Gnathosoma: length 36 (34–37), maxi-mum width 29 (27–33), seta ch 13,5 (13–15), seta vm 10,5 (10–11), pharynx 11 (10–12)long by 5 (4–6) wide at widest region. Idiosoma: length 182 (175–200) (excluding gnatho-soma) maximum width 106 (100–125). Dorsal setae: v1 27 (25–28), sc1 13 (12–14), sc2105 (100–110), c1 12 (10–13), c2 30 (24–35), d 12 (10–16), e 11 (9–12), f 13 (11–15), h 11(10–13). Distances between setae: v1–v1 23 (21–26), sc2–sc2 40 (36–48), v1–sc2 27 (24–29), c1–c1 48 (43–55) c2–c2 87 (77–100), c1–c2 25 (20–30), d–d 30 (27–33), f–f 20 (17–22), e–f 18 (15–23), h–h 29 (28–32). Ventral setae: 1a 10, 2a 14 (12–15), 3a 15 (12–18),3b 12 (10–15). Tegula 15 (13–17) long and 21 (18–23) wide. Setae of legs: leg I: ω 4, φ1 3


https://www.researchgate.net/publication/259421247_On_the_synonymy_of_tarsonemus_waitei_banks_T_setifer_ewing_and_T_bakeri_ewing_with_redescription_of_species_acari_Tarsonemidae?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==




823ZOOTAXA (2–3), k 5, d of tibia 33 (31–35); leg II: ω 3 (3–4), d of tibia 22 (20–25); leg IV: v’ F 10 (9–

11), v’G 11 (10–11), v’Ti 24 (23–25), tc’’ 97 (92–100).

Discussion

All specimens reported in this paper were collected in samples of live leaves, indicatingthat they could be phytophagous. This feeding habit was confirmed for D. tesselatus. Thispossibility seems also probable mainly for D. folisetae and M. megasolenidii, which wereobserved apparently to contain green pigments in their guts. D. tesselatus and D. folisetaecould also be feeding on lichens, as proposed by Lindiquist (1986), as they were mostlyfound on plants extensively covered by them. The vast majority of the specimens of Tar-sonemus longisetae was found in necrotic areas on the leaves. However, it was not possi-ble to determine weather they were the cause of the necrosis. No green pigments werefound in the guts of the Tarsonemus species collected in this paper. However, the observa-tions did not allow any further speculation in relation to the feeding habits of T. bilobatus,T. confusus or T. waitei.

Acknowledgements

To Maria Lúcia Kawasaki (Instituto de Botânica, State of São Paulo, Brazil) for identifica-

tion of plant species. To Lasaro V. F. Silva for help in collecting samples. To Ailton RochaMonteiro for help in use of Latin terms in scientific names. To Dr. Gregory Evans, APHIS-PPQ; and Drs. David Nickle and Douglass Miller SEL-ARS-USDA for their criticalreviews and suggestions on the manuscript.

This work was supported by the State of São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)within the BIOTA/FAPESP — The Biodiversity Virtual Institute Program(www.biota.org.br).

References

Banks, N. (1912) New American mites. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington,14, 96–98.

Beer, R. E. 1954. A revision of the Tarsonemidae of the Western Hemisphere (Ordem Acarina). TheUniversity of Kansas Science Bulletin, 36, Pt. 2, (16), 1091–1387.

De Leon, D. (1956) Some mites from lychee. Description of two genera and five new species ofTarsonemidae. The Florida Entomologist, 39, 163–174.

Ewing, H. E. (1939) A revision of the mites of the subfamily Tarsoneminae of North America, theWest Indies and Hawaiian Islands. United States Department of Agriculture, Technical Bulle-tin, (653), 1-63.



https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275701361_Some_Mites_from_Lychee_Descriptions_of_Two_New_Genera_and_Five_New_Species_of_Tarsonemidae?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275701361_Some_Mites_from_Lychee_Descriptions_of_Two_New_Genera_and_Five_New_Species_of_Tarsonemidae?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==


823ZOOTAXAKaliszewski, M. (1993) Key to Palearctic species of the genus Tarsonemus (Acari, Tarsonemidae).

Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytet Im. Adama Mickiewica w Poznaniu, Seria Zoologia, 14,1–204.

Lin, J.Z. & Zhang, Z.Q. (2002) Tarsonemidae of the World (Acari:Prostigmata): Key to Genera,Geographical Distribution, Systematic Catalogue and Annotated Bibliography. Systematic andApplied Acarology Society, England, 440 pp.

Lindquist, E.E. (1978) On the synonymy of Tarsonemus waitei Banks, T. setifer Ewing, and T. bak-eri Ewing, with redescription of species (Acari: Tarsonemidae). The Canadian Entomologist,110(10), 1023–1048.

Lindquist, E.E. (1986) The world genera of Tarsonemidae (Acari: Heterostigmata): a morphologi-cal, phylogenetic, and systematic revision, with reclassification of family-group taxa in theHeterostigamata. Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, 136, 1–517.

Smiley, R.L. (1969) Further studies on the Tarsonemidae, II (Acarina). Proceedings of the Entomo-logical Society of Washington, 71 (2), 218–229.

Smiley, R.L. (1972) A review of the genus Daidalotarsonemus De Leon (Acarina: Tarsonemidae).Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington, 74, 89–94.

Suski, Z.W. (1965) Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. II. Tarsonemus bilobatus n. sp.(Acarina, Tasonemidae). Bulletin de Líacademie Polonaise des Sciences C1. V, Série des sci-ences biologiques, 13 (9), 539–544.

Suski, Z.W. (1967) Tarsonemid mites on apple trees in Poland. IX. Tarsonemus pauperoseatus n.sp. (Acarina, Heterostigmata). Bulletin de Líacademie Polonaise des Sciences C1. V, Série dessciences biologiques, 15(5), 267–272.




https://www.researchgate.net/publication/17112160_Tarsonemid_mites_on_apple_trees_in_Poland_IX_Tarsonemus_pauperoseatus_nsp_Acarina_Heterostigmata?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==



https://www.researchgate.net/publication/17299341_Tarsonemid_mites_on_apple_trees_in_Poland_II_Tarsonemus_bilobatus_nsp_Acarina_tarsonemidae?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==



https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274685925_Lindquist_E_E_The_World_Genera_of_Tarsonemidae_Acari_Heterostigmata_A_Morphological_Phylogenetic_and_Systematic_Revision_with_a_Reclassification_of_Family-Group_Taxa_in_the_Heterostigmata_Mem_Entomol_?el=1_x_8&enrichId=rgreq-17071e1ab065245558e6f419ed29bd83-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzI1NjgwNzI2NDtBUzoxNTU4MjgyODc5NzEzMjhAMTQxNDE2Mzc2NzQ3OQ==



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Some tarsonemid mites (Acari: Tarsonemidae) from the Brazilian “Cerrado” vegetation, with descriptions of three new species