如何落实词汇教学如何落实词汇教学

瓯海中学胡良瓯海中学胡良云云

2009 10 282009 10 28

新课标对词汇的七级要求新课标对词汇的七级要求

20092009 年浙江省普通高考考试说明从普通高年浙江省普通高考考试说明从普通高中《英语课程标准》（实验）中精选了中《英语课程标准》（实验）中精选了 25025000 左右的单词作为高考命题的词汇范围。左右的单词作为高考命题的词汇范围。浙江省高考词汇要求相当于浙江省高考词汇要求相当于《《英语课程标英语课程标准准》》对学生词汇的七级要求。对学生词汇的七级要求。

我国 20世纪 30-90年代中学英语词汇量设置

时间时间 中学词汇量中学词汇量19361936年年 80008000

19411941年年 70007000

19481948年年 60006000

19511951年年 50005000

19631963年年 3500-40003500-4000

19781978年年 28002800

19961996年年 1800-23001800-2300（创历史新（创历史新低低））

2020 世纪末世界部分国家中学英语词汇量设世纪末世界部分国家中学英语词汇量设置置

国　家国　家 中学词汇量中学词汇量俄罗斯俄罗斯 90009000

西班牙西班牙 60006000

日本日本 50005000

南朝鲜南朝鲜 50005000

中国（旧大纲）中国（旧大纲） 1800-23001800-2300

高中课程标准词汇总量高中课程标准词汇总量 3600-41003600-4100

相当于相当于 CETCET四级水平四级水平

新课程标准对词汇量的要求新课程标准对词汇量的要求五级：理解和掌握五级：理解和掌握 1500-16001500-1600个单词和个单词和 200-300200-300

　　　个习惯用语或固定搭配；　　　个习惯用语或固定搭配；七级：学会使用七级：学会使用 2400-25002400-2500个个单词和单词和 300-400300-400个个　　　习惯用语或固定搭配；　　　习惯用语或固定搭配；八级：学会使用八级：学会使用 33003300个个左右的单词和左右的单词和 400-500400-500个个　　　习惯用语或固定搭配；　　　习惯用语或固定搭配；九级：学会使用九级：学会使用 45004500个左右的单词和一定数量个左右的单词和一定数量　　　的习惯用语或固定搭配。　　　的习惯用语或固定搭配。

九级九级 ------高中毕业优秀水平高中毕业优秀水平八级八级 ------高考要求的水平高考要求的水平七级七级 ------高中毕业基本要求高中毕业基本要求六级六级 ------

五级五级 ------初中毕业基本要求初中毕业基本要求四级四级 ------

三级三级 ------

二级二级 ------小学毕业要求小学毕业要求一级一级 ------

课程标准分级设计

普通高中《英语课程标准》（实验）对学普通高中《英语课程标准》（实验）对学生词汇的七级要求：生词汇的七级要求：11 、理解、理解话语中词汇表达的不同功能、意图话语中词汇表达的不同功能、意图和态度和态度；（个人情感意志的需求）；（个人情感意志的需求）22 、、运用词汇运用词汇给事物命名、进行指称、描述给事物命名、进行指称、描述行为和特征、说明概念等（强调运用）；行为和特征、说明概念等（强调运用）；33 、、学会使用学会使用 24002400 －－ 25002500 个单词和个单词和 300300—400—400 个习惯用语或固定搭配； 个习惯用语或固定搭配； 44 、了解英语单词的词义变化以及日常生活、了解英语单词的词义变化以及日常生活中中出现的新单词出现的新单词（时代性）。 （时代性）。

这说明，这说明，在教词汇的时候要从运用的角度在教词汇的时候要从运用的角度出发出发，而不是从定义的角度入手；，而不是从定义的角度入手；要与技能结合，要与技能结合，而不是单纯知识灌输而不是单纯知识灌输 ;;

要在话语中学，要在话语中学，而不是词典搬家；而不是词典搬家；要创设运用的情境，要创设运用的情境，而不仅仅是让学生背而不仅仅是让学生背例句。例句。

中学英语词汇教与学的现状中学英语词汇教与学的现状词汇量的摄入与巩固矛盾突出。词汇量的摄入与巩固矛盾突出。教学方面存在的弊端：教学方面存在的弊端：

11 、、生词复现率太低。生词复现率太低。新教材话题多，范围广，词汇量大，新教材话题多，范围广，词汇量大，复现率低，故遗忘率高。 复现率低，故遗忘率高。

22 、、词汇教学方法乏味，主次不分，平均用力。词汇教学方法乏味，主次不分，平均用力。33 、、词汇检查手段单一。词汇检查手段单一。

学习方面存在的症结学习方面存在的症结 ::11 、、目标不明，记忆方法不当。目标不明，记忆方法不当。22 、、母语定势心理。母语定势心理。学生常用汉语词汇的词性、释义等来学生常用汉语词汇的词性、释义等来

规范英语词汇，用汉语的语言习惯来表达英语，阻碍和规范英语词汇，用汉语的语言习惯来表达英语，阻碍和干扰对英语词汇的学习。干扰对英语词汇的学习。

33 、、阅读量小，复习巩固不及时。阅读量小，复习巩固不及时。

那么高中的词汇教学应该怎样处理才有利那么高中的词汇教学应该怎样处理才有利于学生语言能力的发展呢？或者说如何促进于学生语言能力的发展呢？或者说如何促进学生词汇学习的有效性呢？学生词汇学习的有效性呢？

学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略 ;;词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程；词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程；词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力；词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力；词汇学习增加输入，扩大学生资源策略。词汇学习增加输入，扩大学生资源策略。

一、学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略一、学法指导贯穿始终，激活学生学习策略

英语词汇是有规律的，成体系的。英语词汇是有规律的，成体系的。因此，因此，词汇教学应充分运用整体教学法，使学生词汇教学应充分运用整体教学法，使学生依据词汇内部的形、音、义、构造、用法依据词汇内部的形、音、义、构造、用法的纵横联系去掌握词汇。比如：的纵横联系去掌握词汇。比如：音、形、义结合，构词策略，语境策略，音、形、义结合，构词策略，语境策略，直观教学，组块学习，类比联想，归类总直观教学，组块学习，类比联想，归类总结，使用词典，记忆的间隔效应（有间断结，使用词典，记忆的间隔效应（有间断地复述刺激信息）等等。地复述刺激信息）等等。

二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程（一）词汇教学语境化――体会用法，思考意义（一）词汇教学语境化――体会用法，思考意义11、利用语境，识词辩义。、利用语境，识词辩义。My parMy parentents are s are prespresententinging the people the people prespresentent with with prespresententss at at prespresentent..The boy The boy layinglaying the table the table liedlied that the hen that the hen lylyinging there had just there had just laidlaid two big eggs. two big eggs.The The sleepingsleeping child is sound child is sound asleepasleep now, so now, so by the time he is awake, he won’t feel by the time he is awake, he won’t feel sleepsleepyy..

2 2 、一词多义，置于情境。、一词多义，置于情境。Today is my birthday. When I came home with a Today is my birthday. When I came home with a lightlight heart heart（（ adj.adj.轻松的）轻松的） , my parents were busy preparing dinner. T, my parents were busy preparing dinner. The he lightlight in the room was poor in the room was poor （（ n. n. 光线）光线） , so I turned on t, so I turned on the he lightslights （（ n.n.灯）灯） . Now our room was bright with all the . Now our room was bright with all the lilightsghts on. on. （（ n. n. 灯）灯） Soon dinner was ready. My father turneSoon dinner was ready. My father turned off the d off the lightslights （（ n. n. 灯）灯） and and lightedlighted （（ v.v.点燃）点燃） the candlethe candles on the cake which s on the cake which litlit up up （（ v.v.照亮，使明亮）照亮，使明亮） the room. the room. LiLightght music music （轻音乐） （轻音乐） was played. I prayed for my dream. was played. I prayed for my dream. When I opened my eyes, the When I opened my eyes, the lightslights （（ n. n. 灯） 灯） were on agaiwere on again. In my mother’s hand lay a present which was a n. In my mother’s hand lay a present which was a lightlight （（ aadj.dj.轻的） 轻的） silk scarf with a silk scarf with a lightlight (adj. (adj.浅色的，淡色的浅色的，淡色的 ) blue fl) blue flower in the middle. How beautiful it was! How happy I was! ower in the middle. How beautiful it was! How happy I was!

33、英语解释，明确意义。、英语解释，明确意义。单词、词组、句子单词、词组、句子如如 M8 Unit 3 Inventors and InventionsM8 Unit 3 Inventors and Inventions

1.You’ll know if I succeed by the size of my bank 1.You’ll know if I succeed by the size of my bank balance.balance.

2. All really big discoveries are the result of thou2. All really big discoveries are the result of thought.ght.

3. Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive i3. Leave the beaten track occasionally and dive into the wood. nto the wood.

4. Bell was an inventor all his life.4. Bell was an inventor all his life.

5. The day is coming when telegraph wires will b5. The day is coming when telegraph wires will be laid on to houses just like water or gas.e laid on to houses just like water or gas.

4 4 、文化差异，英汉对比。、文化差异，英汉对比。英汉文化不同，表达方式也不同。为了使学生用英汉文化不同，表达方式也不同。为了使学生用英语时思想通畅，就应把英汉的差异点作为教学英语时思想通畅，就应把英汉的差异点作为教学的难点和重点，进行有针对性的实践练习，达到的难点和重点，进行有针对性的实践练习，达到习惯成自然的地步。习惯成自然的地步。 汉语 英语汉语 英语我的英语好。 我的英语好。 I’m good at English.I’m good at English.我的生活好。 我的生活好。 I’m living a happy life.I’m living a happy life.我的身体好。 我的身体好。 I’m in good health./ I’m fine/ well. I’m in good health./ I’m fine/ well. 我的视力好。 我的视力好。 I have a good eyesight.I have a good eyesight.我的生意好。 我的生意好。 I have good business./ I have good business./

My business is booming./My business is booming./ I’m getting on well with my business.I’m getting on well with my business.我一切都好。 我一切都好。 Everything goes on well with me.Everything goes on well with me.

Everything is O.K with me.Everything is O.K with me.

四川四川发生发生大地震。 大地震。 A strong earthquake happened /took pA strong earthquake happened /took p

lace/ occurred in Sichuan.lace/ occurred in Sichuan.

A strong earthquake hit / struck SichuA strong earthquake hit / struck Sichuan.an.

Sichuan was struck/ hit by a strong eaSichuan was struck/ hit by a strong earthquake. rthquake.

5 5 、搭配不同，复用举例。、搭配不同，复用举例。英语中有许多同义词在与其他词使用的规则上或在英语中有许多同义词在与其他词使用的规则上或在适用的句式和位置分配上往往有约定俗成的“习惯适用的句式和位置分配上往往有约定俗成的“习惯用法”，如果将它们所组合的词组或句子排列起来用法”，如果将它们所组合的词组或句子排列起来加以比较，学生对它们的概念就会更清楚。加以比较，学生对它们的概念就会更清楚。如：如： gaingain (full marks, honour, experience, resp (full marks, honour, experience, respect…); ect…); earn earn (wage, a living, bread, a reputation, admir(wage, a living, bread, a reputation, admiration, respect …); ation, respect …); winwin (a prize, a war, a match, a victory…) (a prize, a war, a match, a victory…)beat beat (sb, a team, a class, a school, an army, th(sb, a team, a class, a school, an army, the world record... )e world record... )defeatdefeat (sb, a team, the enemy, her hopes of ele (sb, a team, the enemy, her hopes of election…)ction…)

To To winwin the battle, the soldiers, who the battle, the soldiers, who were by no means easily were by no means easily beatenbeaten,, were were encouraged to encouraged to gaingain all their strength to all their strength to defeatdefeat the enemy, and drive them out of the enemy, and drive them out of the country for good. Their braverythe country for good. Their bravery earnedearned them great reputation and them great reputation and admiration.admiration.

66、一句多译，曲折表达。、一句多译，曲折表达。

他是班上最好的学生。 他是班上最好的学生。 He is the best student in the class.He is the best student in the class.He is better than anyone else / any other He is better than anyone else / any other student in the class.student in the class.He is better than any of the other studenHe is better than any of the other students / all the other students in the class.ts / all the other students in the class.Nobody else in the class is as good as hNobody else in the class is as good as he.e.He is ahead of any other student in the cHe is ahead of any other student in the class.lass.

二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程二、词汇教学注重多样，激发学生思维过程

（二）词汇教学主题化――丰富词汇，强化运用（二）词汇教学主题化――丰富词汇，强化运用11、头脑风暴，思维辐射。、头脑风暴，思维辐射。课文中每个话题都可列出许许多多与话题有课文中每个话题都可列出许许多多与话题有关的词、词组、句式、相关文章等等。 进行关的词、词组、句式、相关文章等等。 进行大量输入，反复刺激，不但使学生巩固词汇，大量输入，反复刺激，不但使学生巩固词汇，使他们有话可说，而且能为写作作好铺垫。使他们有话可说，而且能为写作作好铺垫。如话题如话题 disasterdisaster

说出很多相关的词汇：说出很多相关的词汇： earthquake, flood, droughearthquake, flood, drought, typhoon, hurricane, fire, volcano eruption, stt, typhoon, hurricane, fire, volcano eruption, storm, snow storm, sand storm, thunder storm, lorm, snow storm, sand storm, thunder storm, landslide, avalancheandslide, avalanche （雪崩，山崩）（雪崩，山崩） ,mountain l,mountain landslideandslide （山体滑坡）（山体滑坡） , torrential rain, torrential rain （山洪，（山洪，暴雨）暴雨） , tsunami., tsunami.

利用联想找出许多与利用联想找出许多与 natural disasternatural disaster 有“牵连”有“牵连”的动词、词组等的动词、词组等 ..

由这些现象想到各种原因与结果的相关词汇，由这些现象想到各种原因与结果的相关词汇，由结果联想到相应的人为原因的词汇，由结果联想到相应的人为原因的词汇，针对这些现象可采取哪些措施的词汇等等。针对这些现象可采取哪些措施的词汇等等。 转入话题讨论转入话题讨论

2 2 、激发兴趣，话题讨论。 、激发兴趣，话题讨论。 话题讨论是词汇理解与运用的突破口。教话题讨论是词汇理解与运用的突破口。教材中每一单元都有一个中心话题以及相关材中每一单元都有一个中心话题以及相关词汇。因此，教师课前要有效导入，引出词汇。因此，教师课前要有效导入，引出重点词汇，课中要围绕重点，以话题为主重点词汇，课中要围绕重点，以话题为主线，理顺逻辑，层层推进。线，理顺逻辑，层层推进。例： 例： Unit 2 M8 CloningUnit 2 M8 CloningWhat do you know about cloning? (defiWhat do you know about cloning? (definition, kinds of cloning, benefits, questinition, kinds of cloning, benefits, questions, etc.)ons, etc.)Retell the procedures of sheep cloningRetell the procedures of sheep cloningIs cloning good or bad? Is cloning good or bad?

例：例： Unit 2 M5 WritingUnit 2 M5 WritingDescribing a place/ buildingDescribing a place/ buildingBrainstorming: Words relevant to a place or bBrainstorming: Words relevant to a place or buildinguildingn. …n. … 相关名胜、建筑、可欣赏的项目等相关名胜、建筑、可欣赏的项目等v. …v. … 如何旅游、看、欣赏如何旅游、看、欣赏adj. adj. fascinating, charming, superb, wonderful, fantfascinating, charming, superb, wonderful, fantastic, terrific, gorgeous, break-taking, spellbinastic, terrific, gorgeous, break-taking, spellbinding, famous, well-known, amazing, magnificeding, famous, well-known, amazing, magnificent, huge, pretty, grand, beautiful, oddly-shapent, huge, pretty, grand, beautiful, oddly-shaped, curiously-shaped, excellent, popular, intered, curiously-shaped, excellent, popular, interesting, attractive, exciting, thrilling, impressive, sting, attractive, exciting, thrilling, impressive, delighting, spectacular, modern, historical, cudelighting, spectacular, modern, historical, cultural… ltural…

ExpressionsExpressions （《英语同步阅读与写作》－葛炳芳）（《英语同步阅读与写作》－葛炳芳） Location Location

……lies/ stands/ near/ behind/ in front of/ by the lies/ stands/ near/ behind/ in front of/ by the side of…/between/ among…side of…/between/ among…

……is situated/ located in/ on/ to/ at…is situated/ located in/ on/ to/ at… There stands/ sits / lies/ exists/ live…There stands/ sits / lies/ exists/ live…

SurroundingsSurroundings……is located/ situated onis located/ situated on the west of the lake/ the west of the lake/ to to

the east of the mountain/ the east of the mountain/ in in the east of the the east of the provinceprovince

West ofWest of the city stands a tall building. the city stands a tall building.It’s about It’s about 40 km northeast of …40 km northeast of …Surrounded bySurrounded by mountains on three sides, the mountains on three sides, the

small village small village facesfaces a clear river on the east. a clear river on the east.Vancouver Vancouver is surrounded byis surrounded by mountains on the mountains on the

north and east and the Pacific on the west.north and east and the Pacific on the west.

PopulationPopulation… … has a small/ large population of…has a small/ large population of………a…country a…country with a population ofwith a population of…………percent of the population here arepercent of the population here are……

AreaAreaTian’an Men Square, the largest square in the Tian’an Men Square, the largest square in the

world, world, covers/ has/ occupies an area of…covers/ has/ occupies an area of…Tian’an Men Square, Tian’an Men Square, covering an area ofcovering an area of … is t … is t

he largest square in the world.he largest square in the world.The square is 2,000 metres The square is 2,000 metres longlong and 1,500 met and 1,500 met

res res widewide..Our school, which Our school, which takes uptakes up 63 square kilometr 63 square kilometr

es, is very large es, is very large in sizein size..

History History ……has a history of over… has a history of over… ／…／… a…with a long histora…with a long histor

y.y.……is …years old. / dates back to/ dates from…is …years old. / dates back to/ dates from…

Places of interestPlaces of interestIn… there are many places of interest, such as / likeIn… there are many places of interest, such as / like

…………is one of the most well-known places of interest iis one of the most well-known places of interest i

n the world.n the world.……is known as a paradise for…is known as a paradise for…… … is like a beautiful landscape paintingis like a beautiful landscape painting……is a feast for the eyes.is a feast for the eyes.……was built in memory of…/ in the style / shape ofwas built in memory of…/ in the style / shape ofit is a wise choice/ alternative to…,it is a wise choice/ alternative to…,get the itch to travel, feel the urge to …get the itch to travel, feel the urge to …

BenefitsBenefitsA trip to… will give you a glimpse of …A trip to… will give you a glimpse of …

A tour of…will broaden your horizons.A tour of…will broaden your horizons.

A walk through the downtown… is a history A walk through the downtown… is a history lesson and an adventure.lesson and an adventure.

… … the perfect place for a walk/ swim/ surfthe perfect place for a walk/ swim/ surf

……enjoy / have/ get a beautiful/ superb view of…enjoy / have/ get a beautiful/ superb view of…

……overlooking the broad St. Lawrence Riveroverlooking the broad St. Lawrence River

……be fascinated by the oddly-shaped hills and be fascinated by the oddly-shaped hills and peaks along the river and also reflects in the peaks along the river and also reflects in the clear water.clear water.

… … a lively mix of an old village culture and the a lively mix of an old village culture and the excitement of an international area.excitement of an international area.

offer a variety of entertainment, a wide range of…offer a variety of entertainment, a wide range of…

Writing StructureWriting StructurePara 1Para 1 Introduction:Introduction: set the place set the place

(name and location of the place/ building, reaso(name and location of the place/ building, reason(s) for choosing it)n(s) for choosing it)

Para 2 Main body:Para 2 Main body: overall look and particular de overall look and particular detailstails

(Place: sights, facilities, free-time activities(Place: sights, facilities, free-time activities

Building: first look and specific details)Building: first look and specific details)

Para 3 Conclusion:Para 3 Conclusion: feelings and final thoughts a feelings and final thoughts about the place/ building plus recommendationbout the place/ building plus recommendation

三、词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力三、词汇教学渗透过程，强化学生运用能力

用中学词汇――词汇教学，过程体现，听说用中学词汇――词汇教学，过程体现，听说读写，反复运用读写，反复运用1 1 、突出重点，梯度体现。、突出重点，梯度体现。

单元词汇教学过程要注意梯度性。单元词汇教学过程要注意梯度性。单元词汇单元词汇教学应分轻重缓急，保证突出重点，分散难教学应分轻重缓急，保证突出重点，分散难点，在不同的活动中处理词汇。如在听力中点，在不同的活动中处理词汇。如在听力中的词汇应在听力练习过程中教学，阅读中的的词汇应在听力练习过程中教学，阅读中的词汇要在阅读过程中体现。词汇要在阅读过程中体现。

2 2 、有效导入，反复呈现。、有效导入，反复呈现。模块小结中单词均与主题相关。 在听、说、模块小结中单词均与主题相关。 在听、说、读、写各项技能训练之前，通过有效导入，读、写各项技能训练之前，通过有效导入，明确地将要学习或复现的生词呈现出来，明确地将要学习或复现的生词呈现出来，便于学生在具体的语言练习操作中学习掌便于学生在具体的语言练习操作中学习掌握。握。

33、听说读写，紧密结合。、听说读写，紧密结合。词汇练习与各项技能训练紧密结合，不孤词汇练习与各项技能训练紧密结合，不孤立训练单词。立训练单词。– Vocabulary and listening Vocabulary and listening – Vocabulary and speakingVocabulary and speaking– Vocabulary and readingVocabulary and reading– Vocabulary and grammarVocabulary and grammar– Vocabulary and writingVocabulary and writing

听力渗透听力渗透交际运用交际运用阅读依托阅读依托

11 ）猜测词义）猜测词义 22 ）课文复述）课文复述 33 ）突出重点）突出重点 44 ）纵横联系）纵横联系

语法结合写作落实课后综合课后综合

• 课后综合课后综合

每上完一个单元，都要求学生利用本单元每上完一个单元，都要求学生利用本单元词汇进行小组讨论编成片段，批改后加以词汇进行小组讨论编成片段，批改后加以点评，表扬优秀小组、创新小组，并及时点评，表扬优秀小组、创新小组，并及时展览。展览。

Go hikingGo hiking

This spring IThis spring I went on a hikewent on a hike with my family. We ha with my family. We had a great day—a day of d a great day—a day of pure magicpure magic. I. I thought it thought it was the most was the most fantasticfantastic thing I had ever done. thing I had ever done.

We We set outset out in the early morning for our destinatio in the early morning for our destination— a mountain. We really n— a mountain. We really had a good viewhad a good view on t on the way to the top of the mountain. he way to the top of the mountain. At the foot of At the foot of the mountainthe mountain, we found green grasses , we found green grasses sticking sticking outout their heads out of the hard black soil and their heads out of the hard black soil and a a variety ofvariety of colourful flowers colourful flowers showing their pretty showing their pretty shapes.shapes.

I especially loved little red flowers. Little buds I especially loved little red flowers. Little buds

and new leaves and new leaves came out ofcame out of the trees. the trees... With With

warm wind blowing gentlywarm wind blowing gently,, all the grasses, all the grasses,

flowers and leaves flowers and leaves bowed tobowed to us as if they were us as if they were

welcoming us.welcoming us.

As we went higher, the path became narrower As we went higher, the path became narrower

andand moremore difficult to walk ondifficult to walk on.. Suddenly I Suddenly I saw saw

something movingsomething moving in the grass. It was in the grass. It was a long a long

grey snakegrey snake. I . I was scared to deathwas scared to death and my heart and my heart

was was beating wildly. beating wildly. Luckily, it disappeared Luckily, it disappeared

sooner.sooner.

WeWe kept walkingkept walking, enjoying the nice sounds of the , enjoying the nice sounds of the

birds. Then we birds. Then we heard a huge noise comingheard a huge noise coming from from

behind the trees. behind the trees. Walking through the treesWalking through the trees,, we we

could could see a spectacular waterfall in the distance.see a spectacular waterfall in the distance. As As

we got closerwe got closer, , the noise became louder, the noise became louder, like like

thousands of people beating the drum. It was an thousands of people beating the drum. It was an

absolutely fantastic sight.absolutely fantastic sight. A thick stream of water A thick stream of water

poured down the mountain sidepoured down the mountain side,, beating the big beating the big

stone, flying wildly and singing merrily.stone, flying wildly and singing merrily. Seeing Seeing

such extraordinary beautysuch extraordinary beauty,, I felt I felt every cell in my every cell in my

body woke up.body woke up.

Having climbed for a long timeHaving climbed for a long time,, I was I was too tired to walk too tired to walk

onon, , so I so I picked up a branch ofpicked up a branch of a tree to a tree to support support

myselfmyself..

After an hour’s walkAfter an hour’s walk, we, we managed tomanaged to stand at stand at

the top of the mountain. I looked up and the top of the mountain. I looked up and saw a saw a

red sun rising from the horizonred sun rising from the horizon and white and white

clouds were painted into clouds were painted into light redlight red. . Turning Turning

around, I was awarearound, I was aware t that everything around hat everything around

me was me was vividvivid.. WhatWhat a magnificent viewa magnificent view..

It was the first time that I had got into the It was the first time that I had got into the

depths of nature.depths of nature. It was like It was like discovering a discovering a

whole new dimension of life.whole new dimension of life. I had never had I had never had

such a deep feeling of the such a deep feeling of the beauty beauty of nature.of nature.

2005.9.16 2005.9.16 学生双语报高二版学生双语报高二版Last AdventureLast Adventure

"Good heavens!" I shouted when I "Good heavens!" I shouted when I cacaught sight ofught sight of the screen, the screen, knowing knowing that I that I was was running out of gasrunning out of gas. I . I had no choichad no choice but toe but to get down on the nearest planet get down on the nearest planet to see whether I could find someone to to see whether I could find someone to turn toturn to. . With this wish in my mind,With this wish in my mind, I sta I started my last adventure.rted my last adventure.

You couldn’t imagine the horrors of what I saw. You couldn’t imagine the horrors of what I saw. Still with one foot in the spaceshipStill with one foot in the spaceship, I , I found found myself surrounded bymyself surrounded by a crowd of strange a crowd of strange creatures creatures armed witharmed with special kinds of guns. special kinds of guns. Yes, they were strange and ugly. Although I had Yes, they were strange and ugly. Although I had traveled in space for so many years, I had never traveled in space for so many years, I had never met such aliens. Their huge bodies were 10 to met such aliens. Their huge bodies were 10 to 20 feet tall. They had yellow eyes 20 feet tall. They had yellow eyes like light like light bulbsbulbs and their faces, and their faces, whichwhich looked unfriendly, looked unfriendly, made my hair made my hair stand on the endstand on the end. . As the saying As the saying goes,goes, "Do in Rome as the Romans do"."Do in Rome as the Romans do". I knew I knew I'd better I'd better behave myself.behave myself. "Hello," I greeted "Hello," I greeted in a in a weak voice in the hope ofweak voice in the hope of getting the same getting the same word word in returnin return. .

Unfortunately,Unfortunately, they did not show any friends they did not show any friendship to me. I was put into a cage hip to me. I was put into a cage by force.by force. It seIt seemed impossibleemed impossible to to attract their attentionattract their attention by by shouting loudly or beating fiercely against thshouting loudly or beating fiercely against the cage. I felt so hopeless and was almost reae cage. I felt so hopeless and was almost ready to give up when suddenly a voice dy to give up when suddenly a voice came frcame from behindom behind my back. "It's useless. Be calm, m my back. "It's useless. Be calm, my friend!" I y friend!" I turned aroundturned around and saw and saw anotheranother h huge ugly body. But uge ugly body. But somehowsomehow I realised that h I realised that he was e was worth believing inworth believing in. And after we talked . And after we talked for a while, I began to understand the history for a while, I began to understand the history of this mysterious planet.of this mysterious planet.

It It used to beused to be a beautiful world a beautiful world which which enjoyed thenjoyed the boom of a powerful civilisatione boom of a powerful civilisation with trees evewith trees everywhere, butterflies flying around and birds sinrywhere, butterflies flying around and birds singing happily.ging happily. Almost everybody Almost everybody lived a care-frelived a care-free life.e life. Unluckily,Unluckily, no one noticed no one noticed the decreasing the decreasing resourcesresources with the ever-increasing population.with the ever-increasing population. The people were The people were busy cutting down treesbusy cutting down trees in ord in order to develop farming and industry. Large areas er to develop farming and industry. Large areas of forests of forests were replaced bywere replaced by farm land and farm land and rows rows ofof big factories. Heavy smoke came out of facto big factories. Heavy smoke came out of factories ries whilewhile waste water waste water was pumped intowas pumped into the riv the river. The weather er. The weather was getting warmer and warmewas getting warmer and warmer year by year.r year by year. It wasn’t long beforeIt wasn’t long before natural disa natural disasters happened sters happened one after anotherone after another. The animals . The animals began to began to die outdie out and people and people were in danger. were in danger.

Worse still,Worse still, a civil war a civil war broke outbroke out and and everything changed. One had to fight everything changed. One had to fight in order to get oil, gas, and even in order to get oil, gas, and even bread. There were bread. There were deaths and injuresdeaths and injures every day. every day. At last,At last, a law was madea law was made that that all the citizens should be killed all the citizens should be killed at the at the age of five.age of five. Looking at the endless sand and Looking at the endless sand and imaging the wonderful sceneimaging the wonderful scene he he described, I really described, I really got shockedgot shocked. That . That might be might be the tomorrow of my own the tomorrow of my own planetplanet. How terrible!. How terrible!

"Tomorrow is my five-year birthday!" T"Tomorrow is my five-year birthday!" This was the last sentence of our converhis was the last sentence of our conversation. Both of us were speechless and sation. Both of us were speechless and the suffocating silence the suffocating silence lasted the rest olasted the rest of the nightf the night. But for the whole night it wa. But for the whole night it was hard not to s hard not to see the tears rolling downsee the tears rolling down from his eyes and from his eyes and to feel the great sorrto feel the great sorrow in his heart. ow in his heart. It wasIt was in this perishing cold cage in this perishing cold cage thatthat I I missed my home so much for the first tmissed my home so much for the first time. The earth, my earth... ime. The earth, my earth...

四、词汇学习增加输入，扩大学生资源策略四、词汇学习增加输入，扩大学生资源策略

1 1 、欣赏阅读，储存记忆。、欣赏阅读，储存记忆。欣赏特殊的句型和句式。欣赏特殊的句型和句式。It was the first timeIt was the first time in a year and a halfin a year and a half tthat I’d seenhat I’d seen the night face to face.the night face to face.Only then did weOnly then did we decide to answer violedecide to answer violence with violence.nce with violence.欣赏文中的精彩词语和句子欣赏文中的精彩词语和句子。。如：如： The last The last thirty years have seenthirty years have seen the greatest numthe greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progber of laws stopping our rights and progress,ress, untiluntil today we have reached a stagtoday we have reached a stagee wherewhere we have almost no rights at all.we have almost no rights at all.

欣赏描写特定场景和特殊心境的词语与句式。有些欣赏描写特定场景和特殊心境的词语与句式。有些作者选用某些特殊的句型或句式来增强文章的感染作者选用某些特殊的句型或句式来增强文章的感染力，从而更好地表达情感。力，从而更好地表达情感。如如 JackJack LondonLondon关于对关于对地震的描述：地震的描述： Never before in history has a city Never before in history has a city beenbeen so completely destroyed. San Franciscoso completely destroyed. San Francisco iis gones gone. . Nothing is left of it butNothing is left of it but memories and smemories and some houses far from the centre of the city. Its bome houses far from the centre of the city. Its businessesusinesses are goneare gone. The factories, hotels and p. The factories, hotels and palacesalaces are all gone, tooare all gone, too….….There was no stoppinThere was no stoppingg the fires. the fires. There was no way toThere was no way to organize or coorganize or communicate….mmunicate….A list ofA list of buildings undestroyed was nowbuildings undestroyed was now only a only a few addresses.few addresses. A list ofA list of brave men and womenbrave men and women would fill the library. A list ofwould fill the library. A list of all those killed willall those killed will never be made.never be made.

22、巧用语料，多次开发。、巧用语料，多次开发。课本材料的多次开发课本材料的多次开发 首先把课文作为信息处理—阅读，克服生词障首先把课文作为信息处理—阅读，克服生词障碍，获取信息；碍，获取信息；把课文作为知识赖以生存的语境—处理词汇、把课文作为知识赖以生存的语境—处理词汇、语法、语音；语法、语音；把课文作为技能训练的材料—设小专题结合经把课文作为技能训练的材料—设小专题结合经验，进行听说读写交流活动；验，进行听说读写交流活动；把课文作为思维训练的材料—篇章分析，挖掘把课文作为思维训练的材料—篇章分析，挖掘课文中的思考题；课文中的思考题；以课文话题为中心，链接、滚动、扩展。（例以课文话题为中心，链接、滚动、扩展。（例话题编写）话题编写）

语篇材料的多次开发 语篇材料的多次开发 好的语料本身就是语言运用的示范，无论好的语料本身就是语言运用的示范，无论在语篇结构上、语言表达上，都能为学生在语篇结构上、语言表达上，都能为学生提供多种借鉴和参照。提供多种借鉴和参照。因此，要充分运用因此，要充分运用好的语篇，从语篇理解、语言知识、语言好的语篇，从语篇理解、语言知识、语言技能等方面进行多层次、多角度的处理。技能等方面进行多层次、多角度的处理。做到一个语篇多种用途，从而巩固词汇比做到一个语篇多种用途，从而巩固词汇比如：完形填空－－阅读理解－－语法填空如：完形填空－－阅读理解－－语法填空－－单词拼写－－短文改错－－书面表达－－单词拼写－－短文改错－－书面表达等。等。

语篇承载了大量的词汇与表达方式，在语篇阅语篇承载了大量的词汇与表达方式，在语篇阅读中关注词汇应视为拓宽词汇量的重要途径。读中关注词汇应视为拓宽词汇量的重要途径。要求学生认真记忆阅读理解中出现的高频词汇；要求学生认真记忆阅读理解中出现的高频词汇；鼓励学生在阅读中依据词汇知识（构词知识）鼓励学生在阅读中依据词汇知识（构词知识）或语境线索猜测词义， 然后通过查阅词典或参或语境线索猜测词义， 然后通过查阅词典或参考书来印证其含义；考书来印证其含义；在语篇阅读理解过程中，培养学生做摘抄或者在语篇阅读理解过程中，培养学生做摘抄或者训练学生通过中译英、词汇拼写、完形填空训练学生通过中译英、词汇拼写、完形填空（补全信息）等形式找出文中的好词、好句、（补全信息）等形式找出文中的好词、好句、好段，训练学生在阅读中主动关注词汇、关注好段，训练学生在阅读中主动关注词汇、关注语言知识的意识，提高学生在阅读过程中的词语言知识的意识，提高学生在阅读过程中的词汇附带习得效率；汇附带习得效率；

以话题为依托，将题材和体裁上比较类似以话题为依托，将题材和体裁上比较类似或接近的语篇放在一起集中阅读，提高核或接近的语篇放在一起集中阅读，提高核心词汇或句子结构的复现率，使学生习得心词汇或句子结构的复现率，使学生习得这类词汇或句子结构；这类词汇或句子结构；以任务型语言教学为依托，把阅读中的词以任务型语言教学为依托，把阅读中的词汇附带习得与听、说、读、写、译等各种汇附带习得与听、说、读、写、译等各种任务结合起来，训练学生运用语篇中的核任务结合起来，训练学生运用语篇中的核心词汇或结构去完成任务。心词汇或结构去完成任务。

（（ 0808山东卷完型填空）山东卷完型填空）On August 26, 1999, New York City experienced a torrOn August 26, 1999, New York City experienced a torrential downpour. The rain caused the streets to __ential downpour. The rain caused the streets to __ ＿＿＿＿ __ and the subway system almost came to a stop. __ and the subway system almost came to a stop. Unfortunately, this happened during the morning ruUnfortunately, this happened during the morning rush hour. Many people who were going to work were _sh hour. Many people who were going to work were ______ to go home. Some battled to _______ a taxi or t_____ to go home. Some battled to _______ a taxi or to get on a bus. Still others faced the ______ bravely, o get on a bus. Still others faced the ______ bravely, walking miles to get to work.walking miles to get to work. I __________ to be one of the people on the way to I __________ to be one of the people on the way to work that morning. I went from subway line to subwawork that morning. I went from subway line to subway line only to find that most ________ had stopped. Afy line only to find that most ________ had stopped. After making my way ________ crowds of people, I finallter making my way ________ crowds of people, I finally found a subway line that was ______. Unfortunately, y found a subway line that was ______. Unfortunately, there were so many people waiting to ______ the subthere were so many people waiting to ______ the subway that I could not even get down the stairs to the __way that I could not even get down the stairs to the ______. ____.

flood

forced call/ takestorm

happened

servicesthrough

working/operating

take/ boardplatform

So I took the train going in the opposite directiSo I took the train going in the opposite direction, and then switched back to the downtown ton, and then switched back to the downtown train. Finally, after what seemed like an forever, rain. Finally, after what seemed like an forever, the train ______ my stop. Then I had to walk sthe train ______ my stop. Then I had to walk several blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. Weveral blocks in the increasingly heavy rain. When I finally got to my office, I was ______ throhen I finally got to my office, I was ______ through, exhausted and ______.ugh, exhausted and ______. My co-workers and I spent most of the day My co-workers and I spent most of the day drying off. When it was 5:00 pmdrying off. When it was 5:00 pm ，， I was ready I was ready to go home. I was about to turn off my computto go home. I was about to turn off my computer ______ I received an email from Garth, my Der ______ I received an email from Garth, my Director:irector: I would like to thank all of you who made thI would like to thank all of you who made the effort and __ ______ e effort and __ ______ reportedreported to work. It is al to work. It is always reassuring(ways reassuring( 令人欣慰令人欣慰 ), at times like these,), at times like these, when employees so clearly show their ______ when employees so clearly show their _________ to their jobs. Thank you___ to their jobs. Thank you..

reach

wetupset/ discouraged

when

(eventually)

devotion

Garth’s email was short, but I learned Garth’s email was short, but I learned more from that _________ message more from that _________ message than I ever did from a textbook. The than I ever did from a textbook. The email taught me that a few words of email taught me that a few words of ___________ can make a big difference. ___________ can make a big difference. The rainstorm and the traffic ______ The rainstorm and the traffic ______ had made me tied and upset. But had made me tied and upset. But Garth’s words immediately __Garth’s words immediately ______________ me and put a smile back on my face. me and put a smile back on my face.

short/ brief

appreciation

troubles

warmed/ refreshed

20082008 山东卷书面表达题第一节读写任务山东卷书面表达题第一节读写任务76. List 3 activities that might develop into addicti76. List 3 activities that might develop into addictions based on the text.ons based on the text.shopping, drinking, playing computer games, worshopping, drinking, playing computer games, working, watching TV, taking drugs. king, watching TV, taking drugs. alcohol addictionalcohol addictiondrug addictiondrug addictionnew kinds of addictions: compulsive shoppers, snew kinds of addictions: compulsive shoppers, shopaholicshopaholicsbe hooked on shoppingbe hooked on shopping, , be addicted to shobe addicted to shopping compulsive shoppingpping compulsive shoppingshopaholism,shopaholism, shopping addictionshopping addiction workaholic, praise-aholicworkaholic, praise-aholicmouse potato, couch potatomouse potato, couch potato

以以 0707上海卷完形填空题上海卷完形填空题 AA篇为例篇为例 Being alone in outer space can be Being alone in outer space can be

frightening. That is one reason why astronauts frightening. That is one reason why astronauts on solo space flights were given plenty of work on solo space flights were given plenty of work to keep them (45) to keep them (45) busybusy. They were also in . They were also in constant communication with people on the constant communication with people on the earth. (46) earth. (46) HoweverHowever, being with people from , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is what happens harder than being alone. This is what happens on long submarine voyages. It will also happen on long submarine voyages. It will also happen on (47) on (47) long long space flights in the future. Will space flights in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under there be special problems of adjustment under such conditions? such conditions?

… …

可以将该材料改编成单词拼写题。可以将该材料改编成单词拼写题。如：如： Being alone in outer space can be frightening. Being alone in outer space can be frightening. That is one reason whyThat is one reason why aastronauts stronauts on solo space on solo space flights wereflights were ggiveniven plenty of work to keep them plenty of work to keep them (45) (45) busybusy. They were also in constant. They were also in constant ccommunicationommunication with people on the earth. (46) with people on the earth. (46) HoweverHowever, being with people from whom you , being with people from whom you cannot get away might be even harder than being cannot get away might be even harder than being alone. This is whatalone. This is what hhappensappens on long submarine on long submarine voyages. It will also happen on (47) voyages. It will also happen on (47) longlong space space fflightslights in the future. Will there be special in the future. Will there be special problems of adjustment under suchproblems of adjustment under such cconditionsonditions? ?

复习阶段要特别注意把课标词汇与课本词汇、复习阶段要特别注意把课标词汇与课本词汇、练习词汇的有机结合，练习词汇的有机结合，突出常用词，掌握高突出常用词，掌握高频词，兼顾低频词。注重综合性，建立词汇频词，兼顾低频词。注重综合性，建立词汇网。网。33、多种渠道，扩大词汇。、多种渠道，扩大词汇。巩固单词要充分利用资源策略进行广泛的阅巩固单词要充分利用资源策略进行广泛的阅读。现代科技的发展使英语的输入渠道大大读。现代科技的发展使英语的输入渠道大大增加，一方面，学生可利用磁带、广播、影增加，一方面，学生可利用磁带、广播、影视和网络，通过声像资料学习和扩大词汇量，视和网络，通过声像资料学习和扩大词汇量，另方面，可利用报刊杂志、简易读物、上英另方面，可利用报刊杂志、简易读物、上英语网站和阅读电子图书等方式进行大量的阅语网站和阅读电子图书等方式进行大量的阅读来巩固词汇的记忆和运用。读来巩固词汇的记忆和运用。

总之，要提高学生词汇学习的效率，发展总之，要提高学生词汇学习的效率，发展学生的语言能力唯有扩大阅读，加强交际，学生的语言能力唯有扩大阅读，加强交际，注重运用。注重运用。

Thank you !Thank you !