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c<+rs gq, iz;Ru vkSj miyfC/ dh ubZ mQapkbZ;ksa dks Nw ysa A

THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIAPREAMBLE

WE, THE PEOPLE OF INDIA, having solemnly resolved to constitute India into a1

[SOVEREIGN SOCIALIST SECULAR DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC] and to secure toall citizens :

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them allFRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual and the 2 [unity and integrityof the Nation];

IN OUR CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY this twenty-sixth day of November, 1949, doHEREBY ADOPT, ENACT AND GIVE TO OURSELVES THIS CONSTITUTION.

1. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "SovereignDemocratic Republic" (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

2. Subs, by the Constitution (Forty-Second Amendment) Act. 1976, sec. 2, for "unity of theNation" (w.e.f. 3.1.1977)

Chapter IV A

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIESARTICLE 51 AFundamental Duties - It shall be the duty of every citizen of India-(a) to abide the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and

the National Anthem;(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for free-

dom;(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so;(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of

India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities; to renouncepractices derogatory to the dignity of women;

(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, wild

life and to have compassion for living creatures;(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform;(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;(j) to strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that

the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.