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.............................................................................. 6
............................................................................................................................. 7
................................................................... 8
1.1. Java ........................................................................................... 10
1.2. ................................................................................... 11
1.3. ...................................................................... 12
1.3.1. Greenfoot ....................................................................................................................... 12
1.3.2. Eclipse ............................................................................................................................ 13
1.4. ........................................................................................................... 14
1.5. ................................................................................................... 15
1.6. (attributes) ......................................................................................... 20
1.7. ............................................................................................ 21
............................................................................................................................... 23
1 ...................................................................................................................... 23
2 ...................................................................................................................... 23
3 ...................................................................................................................... 23
..................................................................................................... 24
2.1. , , .......................................................................... 26
2.1.1. ................................................................................................................. 26
2.1.2. ......................................................................................................................... 26
2.1.3. ................................................................................. 27
2.2. if else ........................................................................................................ 28
2.3. for while ........................................................................................ 29
2.4. - .............................................................................................. 30
2.5. .......................................................................................................... 33
2.5.1. ............................................................................................................................. 35
2.6. .......................................................................................................... 37
2.7. ........................................................................................................................ 40
1 ...................................................................................................................... 40
2 ...................................................................................................................... 40
4
ENOTHTA 1
1.1.1 Java ................................ 10
1.2.1 Java ............................................................... 11
1.3.1 Greenfoot .......................................................................... 12
1.3.2 (workspace) Eclipse .............................................. 13
1.3.3 To Eclipse .......................................................................... 13
1.3.4 project .................................................................................... 14
1.5.1 - ............................................................................................. 16
1.5.2 Greenfoot ................................................................ 17
1.5.3 1.5.4 .................................... 18
1.5.5 ........................................................................................ 18
1.5.6 Frog Fly ........................................................................................ 19
1.5.7 .............................................................................. 20
1.6.1 ......................................................................... 20
1.7.1 ........................................................................................ 21
1.7.2 Java .......................................................................................... 22
2.4.1 Frog ............................................................................. 31
2.4.2 ........................................................................................................... 32
2.4.3 ................................................................................................. 33
2.5.1 Actor .................................................................................... 34
2.5.2 ....................................................................................................... 35
2.5.3 greenfoot ................................................................................. 35
2.5.4 Math ........................................................................................... 36
2.5.5 ...................................................................................................... 37
2.5.6 Frog ...................................................................................... 37
2.6.1 Greenfoot .......................................................................... 38
2.6.2 JOptionPan ............................................................ 39
5
1 .......................................................................................... 26
2 ...................................................................................................... 26
3 .......................................................................................................... 27
4 ............................................................................................................. 27
5 ............................................................................. 27
6 ..................................... 32
7 ................................................. 32
6
1
7
H Java , Android . , , . , , , . : GreenFoot Eclipse. GreenFoot . , (Pascal/Python). Eclipse Java (Ant, javadoc, JUnit). Eclipse Notepad++ . , , Java () . Java Task Force (JTF) ACM /. . Java . stackoverflow Java .
8
1
9
:
(, , , )
Java
Greenfoot
10
1.1. Java
H Java 1995 SUN . 13 2006 Java (GPL) (javac) (JDK, Java Development Kit). 2010 Oracle Corporation Sun Microsystems ( / ) .
Java browser (applets). , Java , , , , , , .
Java Oak, . C, C++ . . Write Once, Run Anywhere (WORA). Java Windows, Linux, Unix, Macintosh , Playstation, .
Java , , java bytecode, , Java Virtual Machine. Java (Java Runtime Environment, JRE), . JRE (compiler), (interpreter).
java , Java, JRE. java (javac) java bytecode, (editor) . Eclipse http://www.eclipse.org .
1.1.1 Java
11
, Java (www, 3w), , 1995. , Java applets, (web browser). , , Flash HTML5.
1.2.
. . . , . : (compiler) (interpreter). . . , - .
Java . java bytecode. , Java Virtual Machine (JVM). java bytecode .
1.2.1 Java
1.2.1 Java.
, (compiler) Java. java, .. Hello.java,
12
.class Hello.class. (acm.program) Java. , Java jar.
1.3.
1.3.1. Greenfoot
Greenfoot (IDE) Java. (actors) , .
Greenfoot :
(World), .
(Class hierarchy), ( World ctor Greenfoot). World Actor .
, . . . - . .
1.3.1 Greenfoot
: , , .
, Save as .
13
1.3.2. Eclipse
Eclipse Java, : Ada, C, C++, Perl, PHP, Python, Ruby .. (applets). Eclipse Android Development Tool (ADT) plug in, Android.
Eclipse workspace project ( 1.3.2.1). project workspace . To Eclipse (workspace) workspace, Eclipse.
1.3.2 (workspace) Eclipse
Eclipse ( 1.3.2.2). :
Package Explorer .
Problems (Warnings) (Errors) .
- .
1.3.3 To Eclipse
14
.
H Project FileNewJava Project. ( 1.3.2.3). . Eclipse src .
1.3.4 project
, . FileNewClass, . . , . .
, RunRun.
1.4.
(classes) (objects or instances) .
, . - (attributes) . , (), . , .
, . , , ,
15
.. , , , , .. , , .. . , .. , , .., . , , , . , , . ; (). , . (.. ).
. , , . .
:
(, , , , ..) (, , , , ..), .
1 , 2 . :
1.5.
Java ( ) . (subclass) (superclass).
, (), , ().
-
-
-
-
-()
- ()
- ()
- ()
-()
1
= 1800 20V
= 4
= 3
.
2
= 1600 16V
= 4
= 5
.
16
. . .
1.5.1 , , .
-
-
-
- ()
- ()
- ()
- ()
1.5.1 -
, , , , , .. , .. , , , , .. , , .
-
-
-
-
-
- ()
- ()
- ()
- ()
- ()
-
-
-
-
-
- ()
- ()
- ()
- ()
- ()
-
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-
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- ()
- ()
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- ()
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17
1 :
: FrogWorld , .
Greenfoot . FrogEatFlies ( ) ( 1.5.2).
1.5.2 Greenfoot
. Greenfoot, , (Actors).
, Frog ( ) Fly (). : ( ) , , , : FrogWorld . . , , .
Greenfoot :
- World, ,
- Actor, .
.
18
( ), World. . World. FrogWorld, background: cell.jpg ( 1.5.3 1.5.4).
1.5.3 1.5.4
, FrogWorld World, World (.. , ..). - Greenfoot FrogWorld World ( 1.5.5).
Greenfoot , M .
1.5.5
, . Actor, Animal () , Frog Fly. Animal , Frog Fly frog.png fly.png , animals ( 1.5.6).
19
1.5.6 Frog Fly
, , .
, Actor, ( ) , , .
, Greenfoot. java bytecode, Java (Java Virtual Machine).
, 1.5.5, FrogWorld , . . new Frog(), new Fly() ( 1.5.7). ( ) . , , .
20
1.5.7
1.6. (attributes)
, , . , (attributes), . .. Greenfoot , , , .
2 :
FrogEatFlies . . .
. , . : x y (int x=37 int y=209) (int rotation=0). (GreenfootImage image) (World world) ( 1.6.1). , . .
1.6.1
21
FrogWorld. Frog; , ;
1.7.
3 :
DNA , , . DNA, .
Frog . java.
1.7.1
( 1.7.1) - () act() (
Java). Greenfoot () ( ).
act(), { }, (), , act().
:
.
{ } act() Frog:
move(15); turn(10);
22
, Frog. .
. move ( 1.7.2).
1.7.2 Java
, , .
. . Greenfoot, . , .. (;) , .
:
{ }
( ) .
(;) .
Java :
.. Frog, .. FrogWorld.
.. age.
23
1 Greenfoot
: , , , , . 2 .
2 http://www.greenfoot.org/scenarios
Greenfoot , , .
3 ,
: , , , , , , , , ,
, , , .
24
2
25
2.
Java,
(, , ), .
Java APIs () . . .
Java : .
.
, .
:
, ,
if else
for while
26
2.1. , ,
H Java . Java , .
2.1.1.
, , :
byte Byte 1 byte -128 127
short
2 bytes
-32768 32767
int 4 bytes -231 231-1
long 8 bytes -263 263-1
float
( ) 4 bytes
1.4x10-45 3.4x1038
double
8 bytes
4.9x10-324 1.8x10308
boolean 1 bytes true / false
char 2 bytes
unicode
1
byte, short, int, long
, float, double , . boolean true / false ( / ) char 2 bytes Unicode (UTF-16).
2.1.2.
Java : (=), , .. a = 496;
496 a.
+ 18 + 10 28
18 10 8
* 18*10 180
/ 18/10 1
18.0/10 1.8
%
18 % 10 8
2
27
Java . (/) . , , .
== 18 == 10 false
< 18 < 10 false
> 18 > 10 true
= 10 true
!= 18 != 10 true
3
! (not)
&& (and)
|| (or)
^ (xor)
4
, boolean Java.
:
A B !A A & B A | B A ^ B
true true false true true false
true false false false true true
false true true false true true
false false true false False false
5
. false && , false. . short-circuit evaluation.
2.1.3.
, . .
Java C++ Pascal, ( Python , ). , , (, ).
:
28
int number; // number . int counter = 6; // boolean areEqual = (number == counter); // (attributes),
, (instances variables).
( ) . private ( ) .
. .
, (instance variable) :
public private . ,
, . . . greeklish. .
2.2. if else
Java . if . :
if () { } else { }
if else, ( ), else, ( ).
if :
if (number < 0) digits = -1; else if (number < 10) digits = 1;
29
else if (number < 100) digits = 2; else if (number < 1000) digits = 3; else digits = 4;
, (
). :
if (a != 0) { if (b > 0) { if (c < 0) { f = 1; } else { f = 2; if (b == 100) g = 9; } } }
2.3. for while
Java for while, :
while ( ) { }
for ( ; ; ) { }
. 1 1000. :
sum = 0; for (i = 1; i
30
. ( ) , . , ( ) .
:
int var=3; // var 3
System.out.println(++var); // var 1 var
System.out.println(var); // var
4 . System.out.println(++var); var 3 4 .
, :
int var=3;
System.out.println(var++); // var 1
System.out.println(var); // var
3 4.
, System.out.println(var++); var, 3 var 3 4. 4.
2.4. -
, , , . . Java ( ). . . , . . .. (), (), ().
Java APIs (Application Programming Interface) , Java. . JDK version 1.8 1.000 60 (packages). , . .
:
java.lang .
java.util .
java.sql Java Data ase Connectivity (JDBC) .
31
java.lang (Object, String, System)
(Integer, Long, Double). , java.lang . import. . *,
: import acm.program.*; acm.program.
import . , import, .
Math, java.lang, .
Math.
x = Math.max(a, b) ; // x a, b root = Math.sqrt(x) ; // x
println, . println out , . out System. : :
System.out.println(" ");
java . Java, , , . . , , .
4 :
Greenfoot, FrogEatFlies. , , . , 2.4.1 Frog. Actor
2.4.1 Frog
32
Actor. Frog Actor , .
, Frog , , , .
move(int)
turn(int)
act()
setLocation(int, int)
setRotation(int)
6
int .. move(int). int , . int . ( 2.4.2). (..:
20) Ok. 20 .
, Frog , ,
. :
getRotation()
getWorld()
getX()
getY() y
7
, , . . .. getX() x ( 2.4.3).
2.4.2
33
2.4.3
setLocation(int, int) Frog x y . getX() x setLocation. setLocation . ;
2.5.
. (Documentation) . Java . (IDEs).
5 :
. Actor Open Documentation , Actor ( 2.5.1).
34
2.5.1 Actor
Greenfoot Greenfoot, 2.5.2.
35
2.5.2
greenfoot , 2.5.3.
, , .
greenfoot () .
, Java .
2.5.1.
.
:
: , , (revision history) .
: , , .
2.5.3 greenfoot
36
.
/* */.
// . Java
, javadoc . javadoc HTM. . (Development Kit), .
2.5.4, Math , http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/
2.5.4 Math
6 :
. Frog , , : (Frog) . @author @version 1.0 ( 2.5.5)
37
2.5.5
Frog. ( 2.5.5).
2.5.6 Frog
2.6.
, , (common dialogs) , . Java javax.swing (GUI). JOptionPane , . JOptionPane , documentation java : http://docs.oracle.com/javase/7/docs/api/.
JOptionPane :
38
(ConfirmDialog)
(InputDialog)
(MessageDialog)
(OptionDialog)
7 :
FrogEatFlies Greenfoot. , Frog.
Frog .
JOptionPane showInputDialog , . JOptionPane showMessageDialog .
: import javax.swing.JOptionPane;
JOptionPane javax.swing.
act move turn :
public void act() { if (Greenfoot.mousePressed(this)) { String inputStr = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(" , ;"); JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, " " + inputStr + "\n OK
Enter ."); }
. , Frog new Frog (), Frog . . , 2.6.1.
2.6.1 Greenfoot
39
act (2) .
import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public void act ( ) { String x = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(" "); String y = JOptionPane.showInputDialog(" "); int number1 = Integer.parseInt(x); int number2 = Integer.parseInt(y); int sum = number1 + number2; JOptionPane.showMessageDialog(null, " " + sum, " ", JOptionPane.PLAIN_MESSAGE);
}
2.6.2.
2.6.2 JOptionPan
PLAIN_MESSAGE :
.
40
2.7.
1
1000 . / JOptionPane
2
JOptionPane .