Canadian Energy Events Energy – the capacity to do work

Measured in joules or watt-hours

Factors in Energy UseDemographic and Geographic factors

Canada’s pop. small and spread over great distances Transportation expensive & inter-prov. tariffs imposed

Economic factors Price elasticity- if consumers use less energy, price incr. Good economic sense, but also good ecological sense

Technological factors Price inflation 1970s forced energy-efficiency homes, ICI, car

Lifestyles and Choice as factors huge energy appet.

Oil and Energy 85% or world’s energy comes from non-renewable fossil fuels The Golden Age of oil has peaked and is already past

The Energy Sector Resource regions –

Hydroelectric power

Canadian Energy Policy Since the 1970s: Key Events 1973 Oil Crisis – OPEC

Before OPEC (1960), “western” cos. retained 65%+ revenue 1973 “west” suffers inflation, vulnerable to cartels, supports Israel

1973-74 Oil Embargo Crude rises $3 to $11.65 in 1 yr. Severe recession hits

west

National Energy Program – 1980 Gain self-sufficiency, incr. Cdn. Ownership & share, foster dev’t.

Creation Petro-Canada Fed’s 70% share investment in energy dev’t (19% 2002, 0% 2005)

Deregulation – 1980s Reganism freeing up market economy- less govt. & less regs.

Kyoto Protocol – 1997 (ratified 2004) Canada must decrease GHG emissions 5.2% by 1208-2012

Canada’s increasing dependency on oil (demand fn.)

both

Resource Regions and Regional Distribution of Oil

Regional dependencies on oil in AB, SK and Atlantic Canada

World Distribution of Oil and Canada’s Share

Oil Firms Tighten U.K. Ties (Closer to Global Action – supported by soaring oil prices and London’s hungry market for international exploration plays, the CXalgary-London bridge is the new high-traffic corridor for Cdn.

oil types, challenging Calgary’s unique historic link with with the U.S. oil capital, Houston) (Cattaneo. National Post, Monday, March 21, 2005:

FP1)

Co. Name HQ Operations Market $C

Can. Natural Res. Calgary, AB Can, UK, Ivory Coast 19 B

Petro-Canada Calgary, AB N. Africa, NW Euro, SA 19 B

Talisman Energy Calgary, AB NA, UK, Asia, Carrib, Afr 15 B

Nexen Calgary, AB US, Can, Nigeria, Columb 9 B

First Calgary Petr. Calgary, AB Algeria 4 B

Petrokazakztan Calgary, AB Kazakstan 4 B

Nelson Resources London, UK Kazakstan 2.3 B

Centurion Energy Calgary, AB Egypt 1.4 B

Pan-Ocean Ener. Jersey, Channel islands

Gabon 0.7 B

EastCoast Energy Dar es Salaam Tanzania 0.08 B

Resource Frontier Development – 2005

Hibernia (1979) Life expectancy 17yrs (1997-2014) 4th largest discovery in Canada (10th in world since 1965) Platform $5.8M GBS Gravity-Base Structure 1.4m thick

withstand 6M ton iceberg 1knot Federal-Provincial relations

Mobil 33, Chevron 27, Petro-Can 20, fed gov 9, Murphy 7 Norsk 5

Voisey’s Bay (1996) Life expectancy 30yrs (2006-2036) nickel/copper/cobalt surface/shaft mine/mill complex $2.9B Mine/mill Voisey’s Bay, concentrator at Argentia,

Inco Centre MUN – est. GDP $11B Impacts and Benefits Agreements with the Labrador Inuit

Association and the Innu Nation, preferred provincial taxation/hydro rate

Harmful Alteration, Disruption or Destruction of Fish Habitat (HADD) authorization from DFO

Resource Regions - Canada’s Nuclear Power

In Canada,Nuclear PowerAccounts for 11% of all energy resources,40-60% in Ont.

Regional Investment in Alternative EnergyAlberta While resisting Kyoto, AB has invested in Calgary’s C-train, a

light rail commuter system run by wind energy from the Pincher Creek wind turbine field

Canada Government announced in 1996 a renewable energy strategy for

Canada that included tax breaks and other incentives to encourage research and development of renewable energy tech.

Bush announced in his 2003 State-of-the-Union address, that the US would be investing $1.3B US on hydrogen fuel technology as alternative energy source

Ontario, Québec, NS and NFLD Windturbine generators operating in Gaspé, Québec & Toronto with investments being made for more in Ontario, NS and Nfld.

BC Ballard has developed and using fuel cell public transport Germany has purchased a fleet of these

Wind generators in foothills southwest AB supply all energy for the C-Train

Source: Draper Dianne. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Perspetive. P. 354

Development and Acceptance of Alternatives – Kyoto and “me”

Canada and Future Energy Development Canada is a member of all UN initiatives, e.g. CSD UN Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) emerged from

Agenda 21 CSD-11 (11-th Session) adopts (May 2003) multi-year programme work for

the period 2004-2017 organized as series of two-year action-oriented Implementation Cycles + Review Session and Policy Session in each cycle.

Each two-year cycle is expected to consider a thematic cluster of issues, and a suite of cross-cutting issues. Two-year Action Themes : • 2004/2005 – water, sanitation, human settlements; • 2006/2007 – energy for sustainable development,

industrial development, air pollution/atmosphere, climate change;

• 2008/2009 – agriculture, rural development, land, drought, desertification, Africa

CSD Cross-Cutting Issues

The following cross-cutting issues will be addressed in each CSD two-year cycle:

• poverty eradication; • changing unsustainable patterns of consumption and

production; • protecting and managing the natural resource base of

economic and social development; • sustainable development in a globalizing world; • health and sustainable development; • sustainable development of SIDS; • sustainable development for Africa; • other regional initiatives; • means of implementation; • institutional framework for sustainable development; • gender equality; and • education.

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements

• Photos on economic sectors (Barrett & Edith Robinson. 1990. Photos on economic sectors (Barrett & Edith Robinson. 1990. Prince Edward Island. Hong Kong: Everbest Printing Company; USEPA photos of industrial activity in the Great Lakes (EPA website 2002); Canadian Encyclopedia on CD-ROM 1999; personal collection.

• Charts on Economic Sector, population in major cities in major cities Canadian Encyclopedia on CD-ROM 1999.

• Maps on Canada’s Oil Distribution and Hydro production Maps on Canada’s Oil Distribution and Hydro production facilities- Draper, D. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian facilities- Draper, D. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Perspective, p. 363, 366Perspective, p. 363, 366

• Map of Nuclear Installations, Map of Nuclear Installations, www.nucleartourist.com/images• Draper, Diane. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian Draper, Diane. 1998. Our Environment: A Canadian

Perspective. Scarborough: ITP PublishingPerspective. Scarborough: ITP Publishing