© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 1 Conference Berlin 2010-03-25 How to improve the energy efficiency of lifts and escalators? Lift energy consumption

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 1

Conference Berlin 2010-03-25

How to improve the energy efficiency of lifts and escalators?

Lift energy consumption.A way forward.

http://www.e4project.eu


The projectand its Work Packages

WP1: Management

WP2: Characterization of the existing situation in terms of electricity consumption and installed capacity

WP3: Monitoring campaigns will be carried out in a number of selected buildings, based on a common methodology to be established

WP4: Technology assessment and estimation of the savings potential for each component of an elevator will be carried out

WP5: Barriers and strategies to promote Energy-Efficient Elevators and Escalators

WP6: Dissemination of results


Situation todaySurvey


The surveyLifts

lift and escalator data receivedlift data received no survey received ELA provided surveyno ELA association


The surveyEscalators

lift and escalator data receivedlift data received no survey received ELA provided surveyno ELA association

Value UnitCommercial escalators 60'000Public transport escalators 15'000

Annual operation hours commercial escalators 262'080'000 hAnnual operation hours public transport escalators 109'200'000 h

Average installed nominal power, commercial escalators 7.5 kWAverage installed nominal power, public transport escalators 13 kW

Average used power commecial escalators up direction 4 kWAverage used power commecial escalators down direction 0.6 kWAverage used power public transport escalators up direction 7 kWAverage used power public transport escalators down direction 1.1 kW


Analysis of the lifts


The EN81 lift and its connection to the mains

Main switch

3L

N

PE

Controller

Motor, Converter andBrake

Doors

Car light

Power socked on car

Fan on car

Alarm device andTelemonitoring

Emergency powersupply (battery)

Hoistway light

Power sockets inmachine room and pit

Machine room light

P1

Elevator Power P2Auxiliary Power

BuildingLift

P1 and P2 to bemeasured during trip

and standby

Switch for car lightand depending

circuitries


Measurement campaignMany lifts and escalators got measured according the methodology and instrumentation defined in the e4 methodology paper. The measurement results have been used to do yearly energy estimates of the lifts, the countries and whole Europe.


The Lift Energy figures

Energy for a reference tripTrip up and down

Standby PowerPower when standing still

Facts and figures:The energy used for such a reference trip in a residential European building is about 22Wh and would costs €0.0033.

The total yearly energy used for such a residential European lift would be about 800 kWh and would cost €120.


The amount of energy used and the savings potential

Existing technologiesTechnology mix of the lifts installed during last ~30 years

BAT Best Available TechnologiesTechnology currently used in the elevator industry

BNAT Best Not Available TechnologiesTechnology available but not currently used in the lift industry


What are 18‘000GWh?

– In 2007 the European Union 27 produced 3‘361‘693GWh electrical energy, so lifts consume 0.5% of it (http://www.iea.org)

– ~2 Nuclear Power plants (8‘500GWh CH-Leibstadt)

– ~14 Brown Coal plants (1‘300GWh D-Goldenberg)

– ~4 Black Coal plants (4‘200GWh D-Bergkamen)

– ~79 Hydro plants (227GWh CH-Verzasca)


Lift component familiesContribution to the energy demand

Existing100%

BAT38%

Major contributor to Lift components

53% 15% Standby energy –Car light–Controller–Door–Frequency converter

47% 23% Travel energy –Machine (Motor)–Frequency converter (regenerative)–Suspension, ropes, rails, guides–Doors


Mix standby & travel demand

Big steps have been made to have efficient drive systems

The big steps to improve lift safety, accessibility and comfort, required a lot of electronic circuitries. As side effect the standby consumption has increased over the years.


Example distribution of the Standby consumption

• Turn off the car light when the lift is not in use• De-energize door motor when the lift is standing at a floor

Do‘s:

• A state of the art residential lift has about 50W standby demand

State of the artWith car lightpermanent on

Car light permanent on andpermanent force in doors

Lift controller


Challenges to reduce the standby energy demand – Use car lights with high switching cycles, so they can be

turned off during the trips. Regular incandescent and fluorescent lamps would break quickly and produce a negative environmental impact.

Technologies:– LED lights– Fluorescent lamps with high heavy duty switching

capabilities

– Use lift controllers with sleep mode. Challenges:

– Fast time to go from sleeping to operational mode (~5 seconds). Relays controllers had no boot time!

– Don‘t lose important information such as car and door position


Visionary view on the standby topicWhat would be possible when taking technologies from other industries?

The GSM phones– The phones have CPU‘s that are much more powerful than

almost every lift’s CPU.– They run on 3.7V / 700mAh = 2.6Wh LiPo accumulators more

than a week. A lift with 50 W Standby would run just 3 minutes on such an accumulator.

– They have acceptable boot time of less than 20 seconds

Laptop & Netbook PC– Go in standby mode and come back in less

than 20 seconds (Linux)– A running Netbook PC uses about 20W


Travel Energy optimization– Less friction and shaft losses

– Simple roping– Guide rails – Gearless or high efficiency

gears

– Efficient power electronics and motors– Regenerative

frequency converters

– Permanent synchronous motors

Reference Trip

-20000.0

-15000.0

-10000.0

-5000.0

0.0

5000.0

10000.0

15000.0

20000.0

25000.0

30000.0

35000.0

40000.0

45000.0

50000.0

1 51 101 151 201 251 301 351 401 451 501

Time [s]

Pow

er [W

]

-100-85-70-55-40-25-105203550658095110125140155170185200215230245

Ener

gy [W

h]

Power

Energy

147 Wh

– Efficient traffic management – Destination control– Counterweight

optimized to expected traffic


Analysis of the escalators and moving walks


The amount of energy used and the savings potential

Situation Energy per year

Current situation 904GWh

With 28% saving potential 649GWh

According to ELA statistics there are 75’000 escalators and moving walks installed in the EU-27.Based on the surveys conducted in WP2, two assumptions are made:

• 75% of the escalators are installed in commercial buildings, the remaining 25% being in public transportation facilities.

• 30% are equipped with a Variable Speed Drive (VSD)

For the estimation of energy savings, it is considered that all of the escalators installed would be equipped with VSD. Other energy reduction measures, like listed on the next page, are not considered here.


Energy optimization


The European Lift Association

http://www.ela-aisbl.org

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 22 © ELA | QSEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 22

ELA position papers and priorities

http://www.ela-aisbl.org


Urs LINDEGGERChairman Energy & Ecology Work Group, ELA

[email protected]

Thank you for your attention

Documents

© ELA | WGEE | Urs Lindegger | Page 1 Conference Berlin 2010-03-25 How to improve the energy efficiency of lifts and escalators? Lift energy consumption