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ENERGY
ENERGY
THE ABILITY TO DO WORK AND OR TRANSFER
HEAT.
WORK
THE ENERGY TRANSFERRED BY A FORCE
TO A MOVING OBJECT.
WORK=FORCE X DISTANCE
WORK
WORK IS
DONE ON AN OBJECT
WHEN AN OBJECT
IS FORCED TO MOVE
Dodge.com
TYPES AND FORMSOF ENERGY
TYPES OF ENERGY
POTENTIAL
KINETIC
POTENTIAL ENERGY
ENERGY AT REST
NOT DOING WORK OR TRANSFERRING HEAT
POTENTIAL ENERGY
POTENTIAL ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
POTENTIAL ENERGY
gaspumpheaven.com
KINETIC ENERGY
ENERGY OF MOTION
ENERGY IN USE
KINETIC ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
SWING PHYSICS
HOW DOES ENERGY CHANGE AS YOU SWING?
POTENTIAL VS. KINETIC ENERGY
SWING PHYSICS
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-a3F7oaRJOw
SWINGA
B
B
www.spacestationinfo.com/students-64-Energy.html
KINETIC ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
KINETIC ENERGY
Coloradorunner.com
FORMS OF ENERGY
CHEMICAL ELECTRICAL MECHANICAL
HEAT RADIANT (LIGHT)
NUCLEAR
CHEMICAL
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ELECTRICAL ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
MECHANICAL ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
HEAT ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
LIGHT ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
LIGHT ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
NUCLEAR ENERGY
FreeFoto.com
http://fusedweb.llnl.gov/
FIRST LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ENERGY CAN NOT BE CREATED OR DESTROYED.
IT CAN ONLY CHANGE FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER.
SECOND LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
ANY TIME ENERGY CHANGES FROM ONE FORM TO ANOTHER SOME OF THE ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT.
ENERGY CONVERSIONS ARE NOT 100% EFFICIENT.
PROFESSOR WALTER LEWIN’S PENDULUM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhIOylZMg6Q
BOWLING BALL PENDULUM
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i2GdY1OlDpA
NEWTON’S CRADLE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0LnbyjOyEQ8
GIANT NEWTON’S CRADLE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=mFNe_pFZrsA&feature=endscreen
MYTH BUSTERS NEWTON’S CRADLE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=BiLq5Gnpo8Q&feature=endscreen
MYTH BUSTERS CONTINUED
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OuA-znVMY3I
ENTROPY
THE THERMODYNAMIC MEASURE OF DISORDER
A SYSTEM TENDS TO BECOME DISORDERLY
TO MAINTAIN ORDER ENERGY MUST BE USED
ENTROPY
TO KEEP YOUR ROOM CLEAN YOU MUST USE ENERGY TO PICK UP AND ORGANIZE
TO MAINTAIN A CAR THE OIL MUST BE CHANGED, TUNE UPS, SPARK PLUGS REPLACED, FLUIDS TOPPED OFF OR REPLACED, ETC.
www.dodge.com
www.classiccarprojects.com
FOOD CHAIN
90% OF THE ENERGY IS LOST AS HEAT AT EACH STEP OF A FOOD CHAIN
STATIC ELECTRICITY
THE BUILD UP OF ELECTRONS ON THE SURFACE OF AN OBJECT.
AN ATOM
ATOMIC PARTS
ELECTRON= NEGATIVEPROTON= POSITIVENEUTRON= NO CHARGE
.eia.doe.gov
PERIODIC TABLE
5 ATOMIC NUMBER
B ATOMIC SYMBOL
10.81 ATOMIC MASS
ATOMIC TERMS
ATOMIC NUMBER: Number of protons ATOMIC MASS: Number of protons +
neutrons ION: Atom with a charge ISOTOPE: Atom with a different number
of neutrons
STATIC ENERGY
Rubbing a balloon on a wool sweater creates charges on the surfaces
GAINING OF ELECTRONS
O--
- - --
--
OPPOSITES ATTRACT
O O-
+
STATIC ELECTRICITY
VAN DE GRAAFFGENERATOR
mos.org
Van De Graaf Generator
BILL NYE STATIC ELECTRICITY
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z-77IzaXGcg
VAN DE GRAPH GENERATOR
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T0J5q43MSw8
STATIC DOG
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aO-phqmyqdY
STATIC ELECTRICITY
BOSTON MUSEUM OF SCIENCE
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLPKxk7ym7g
LIGHTNING
STATIC ELECTRICITY
Alaska.net
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH A CONDUCTOR.
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
BATTERIES
STORED ELECTRICITY
All-Battery.com
BAGDAD BATTERY BCE 250
smith.edu
ELECTRON SHELLS
First: 2 electrons Second: 8 electrons Third: 18 electrons Fourth: 32 electrons Fifth: 50 electrons
***HAVING A COMPLETE OUTER ELECTRON SHELL MAKES THE ATOM MORE STABLE.
ELECTRON SHELLS
web.jjay.cuny.edu
ZINC ATOM
chemicalelements.com
NEEDS TO GAINOR LOSE
30 2
COPPER ATOM
chemicalelements.com
CARBON ATOM
chemicalelements.com
BATTERY FUNCTION
A BATTERY HAS A CATHODE WHICH TENDS TO ACCEPT ELECTRONS TO BE MORE STABLE AND AN ANODE WHICH TENDS TO GIVE UP ELECTRONS TO BE MORE STABLE AND ELECTROLYTE PASTE WHICH TRANSFERS MOST OF THE ELECTRONS BACK TO THE ANODE WHEN A CIRCUIT IS COMPLETE
CIRCUIT
A CONDUCTOR WHICH CONNECTS A PATHWAY BETWEEN THE CATHODE (+) AND ANODE (-)
wikipedia.orgCATHODE ANODE
WET CELL BATTERY
/lemcellguard.com/battery
DRY CELL BATTERY
wikipedia.org
MERCURY BATTERY
wikipedia.org
wikipedia.org
POTATO BATTERY
www.miniscience.com
SIMPLE POTATO BATTERY
pbskids.org/zoom/activities
500 POUND POTATO BATTERY
latteier.com/potato
DIFFERENT TYPES OF WIRING
SERIESPARALLEL
cosmology.berkeley.edu
PARALLEL AND SERIES
PARALLEL:SAME POWERLONGER TIME
SERIES:MORE POWER
SAME TIME
CURRENT ELECTRICITY
orkneypics.com
SO WHAT IS ELECTRICITY?
aecl.ca/kidszone
ELECTRICITY
THE FLOW OF ELECTRONS THROUGH A CIRCUIT
CAN BE USED TO DO WORK
CAN BE TRANSFORMED INTO MECHANICAL, RADIANT, SOUND AND HEAT ENERGY
GALVANOMETER
A device that detects the flow of electricity
ELECTROMAGNET
AN ELECTRIC CURRENT FLOWING THROUGH A WIRE FORMED A MAGNETIC FORCE
AN ELECTROMAGNET CAN BE SHUT OFF
TO BUILD A STRONGER ELECTROMAGNET USE: MORE WIRE IN THE COIL A MORE POWERFUL SOURCE OF
ELECTRONS
MAGNETISM
A FORCE BY WHICH MATERIALS ATTRACT OR REPEL OTHER MATERIAL
FORMED BY AN ELECTRIC CURRENT (ELECTROMAGNETISM) OR THE SPIN OF ELECTRONS (PERMANENT MAGNETS)
MAGNETIC FIELD
Wikipedia.com
MAGNETIC FIELD
eia.doe.gov
THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF A BAR MAGNET
MAGNETOSPHERE
www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov
LIKE MAGNETIC CHARGES REPEL/ OPPOSITES ATTRACT
eia.doe.gov
GENERATOR
A GENERATOR IS A DEVICE THAT TURNS MECHANICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
THE PARTS ARE A COIL OF WIRE A MAGNET
GENERATOR
eia.doe.gov
GENERATOR
A MECHANICAL FORCE MOVES THE WIRE COIL OR THE MAGNET CAUSING THE ELECTRONS OF THE WIRE TO MOVE
GENERATOR
TO MAKE A GENERATOR WORK A MECHANICAL FORCE IS USED
TO MAKE A STRONGER GENERATOR USE: A MORE POWERFUL MAGNET MORE WIRE IN THE COIL A MORE POWERFUL MECHANICAL
SOURCE
TURBINE
A DEVICE USED TO SPIN A PART (MAGNET OR COIL) OF THE GENERATOR
THE TURBINE CAN BE MOVED BY: FLOWING WATER WIND STEAM
FLOWING WATER
ADVANTAGES: LITTLE POLLUTION ‘FREE’ SOURCE
DISADVANTAGES COSTLY TO BUILD MUST BE ON A RIVER AFFECTS FISH MIGRATION
