. fc-. , -:-"

r-f

^';^

:.-v-'>vi-.--i:-.':-.j^vi

^

1

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^, ^^,.

. ._',

/ .

V -

i# '

. ;, ,^

'; 's^

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V

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X

26.

27.

28.

29.

30^. 31. 32.

33.

34.

35. 36. 37.

3a.

'39.

40,

41.

42. 43.

45.

r -)

/

23. The Viennese Nevspapers - An Opinion Research Stud^ (22 October 1946) .

24. Mannheim Attitudes toward Negro Troops (22 October 1046) 25* German Knowledge about and Attitudes tovard Inflation

(8 November 1046)

46.

Volume II ' " r

Information about the Land Constitutions and the Intention to Vote in the Constitutional Elections (13 November 1046) German-jUnerican Uelations in German^ifs Frequencies of Group Contacts (13 November 1946)

An Investigation to Determine any Changes in Attitudes of Native Germans toward. the h:pellees in Vuerttemberg^ Baden (14 November 1946)

The Trend of Cares and Worries in Germany (21 November 1946) ^ ^ " . ; ' "^

Uadio Listening in Vienna (14 December 1946) ' The Standard of Living (14 December 1946) Income, Expenditures and Currency Holdings of the Gerrdan Population and Attitudes toward General Economic problems (10 December 1946)

The Trend of Public Iveactions to the Nuremberg Trials (18 December 1946)

Attitudes toward Licensed Newspapers in Some American Occupied Areas (28 December 1946) Attitudes of Trade Union Members (5 January 1947) The German People and Social Classes (11 January 1047) Opinions of Newspaper Readers (13 January 1947) A Preliminary Study of Changes in Job Status (14 Janu- ary 1947)

Reactions to and Penetration of Information Media in Vienna (14 January 1947)

Austrian Economic Difficulties and Attitudes toward Economic Problems (21 January 1947) ^

Attitudes toward General Economic Conditions (15 Janu- ^

ary 1947)., ' / * " ' ,'; .;

The Trend of Rumors (6 February 1047) 7 Readership of Ileute , Amerikanische Rundschau and Neue '> Auslese (6 February 1947 )

Opinions of German Community Leaders on International Affairs (6 February 1947) t . _

Radio Listening in the American Zone and in Bex^lin

(17 February 1947 );_: ' ^---'-r.c.s:.^.' ''' '

Army Aid to German Youth Activities Evaluated by Ger- man Adults (10 February 1947) I \. / . ^

f

.y'-i

364 380

387

;>:

*V'.i*-

: t

,L( ..I... -J, '

.' . '

i ; . .

^'

434

440

448

458 466 482

489

550

564 575 580 504

507

615

624

636

661

674

684

602

"tMki:ii^

l....;''vJ*'''7 '

J:--^-^

'X

V.' :/!;.

ir

^.^'

1m

i

47 >

"<

Opinions on the Expellee Problem (20 February 1947) ^ Germa^ Attitudes tp^rard Freedom of Speech, (5 March 1947) An'^T^Semitisin in the Ajneri'can Zone (3 March 1947) A Pilot Study on displaced Persons (20 March 1947) Attitudes tovraid Collective Quilt in the American Zone of Germany (2 April 1947) .^ ^

Attitudes toward Food^ Fuel and Building Materiala Conditions (27 March 1947) ' .

53. Magazine Reading in the American Zone (8 April 1947)

720 728 749 768

7^4

790 835

Volume III ... ,' ' ,( . ,

54. Viennese Ueactions to Nev Denazification LaVrs (8 April

" 1947) '- ^: ' ^ " ' '

55. Public Attitudes toward Denazification (16 April 1947) 66.-^ German Children Apprease the Youth Program (26 April

1947)

57. Readership and Popularity of the Frankfurt Newspapers (28 April 1947) , '

58. Confidence in News in Present-Day GermeUiy (1 May 1947)

59. xbcpectations Regarding Reparations (10 May 1947)

60. Treads in German Public Opinion (April 1947)

61 Some Attitudes toward the School System in Vu^rttemberg-

Baden (12 June 1947) '^

I-

62. German Attitudes toward a Peace Treaty after the Con- clusion of the Moscow Conference (14 June 1947)

63.. German Opinion toward the prospective Peace Treaty (8 August 1947)

64- Trends in Attitudes toward the Food Situation (25 August 1947)

65. Attitudes of Bavarians toward I^oritz* Dismissal (27

"i , "

September 1947)

66. German Attitudes toward Corporal Punishment (27 Sep- tember 1947) -

67. German Attitudes toward International Leadership (10 October 1947) ^ , ^1

68. Trends in Attitudes toward National Socialism (10 October 1947) *' J ' "^ '

69. German Opinions Regarding the Organization of Europe (16 October 1947) -

To, German Undersictnding of the Reasons for the Food ' ..>Shortage (l7\jctober 1947) ^

71. Berlin Symbol of a National State (17 Ocitober 1947)

72. A Report on German Morale (November 1947) ^^ > ^3. A Gtiide ibf^ome Propaganda Problems (28 Octobeif 1947)

\ *.

849^ 856

866

882 891 900 906

947

953

961

971

978

982

987

/ 989

994

999 1005

lOOQx 1056

S:

n:>

f\

\

.-if-'M,,

- ' /

,741 Attitudes of iUIZON Germaiis tovard Goyernmdnt and

Politics (27 October 1947) ^ 1067 ;

75. \i\\Q.t Berlincrs Expect from the London Conference (28

/October 1947) ^ . . 1084

7G German Attitudes tovard tUo Four Occupying Powers

(29 October 1947) \ - . 1091

77, Opinions of the Press in the American Zone of Geraianj

(5 November 1947) ' 1 ^ _ ^095

Bavarian Attitudes toward New'ispapers (6 November 1947) / 1108 Attitudes toward American Capitalism (22 November 1947) - 1112 Opinions on Denazification (26 November 1947) 1119

81. German Reactions to ]cpellees and DPs (3 December 1947) 1128

82. German Sentiment for Peace and JSconomic Security

(8 December 1947) 1137

83. Newspaper Readership eui^d Newscast Listening (5 Decem- ber 1947) ; 1142

84. Who are the lixpellees? And What do They Think? (17

December 1947) ' 1162 V'

85. Summary of Trends of German Public Opinion (17 Decem- ber 1947) I 1162

86. Sunmary of Reactions to End of London Conference {17^ - December 1947) , 'V 1167

87. The Trend of German Attitudes toward Allied Cooperation

(9 January 1948) ; -- 1170.

88. German Opinion on the People*s Part in Political Affairs

(20 January 1948) " , 1173

89. Reception of the Pamphlet Offen Gesagt (22 January 1948) ^'1182

90. German Opinions on Socialization of Industry (23 January

1948) : > 1 ; 1190 .

or. German Conceptions of jkmerican Bartering and Black

Marketeering (24 January 1948) 1198 92. Readers of Mein Kampf (9 February 1948) 1203} e^. The Cream of the Crop Two Years Later (11 February ^ ^ ^^ _

194^) 1 - : ^Z1207

94. C^tacts Between Germans and Americans (24 Februar^ /194S) . , ' - j

95. Appraisal of the Content of liklucation and Educational - jl Facii^M^ (26 February 1948) " ' I238C

06. German Youth versus Adults on Question of Democracy ^

(3 March 1948)^ 1, l4J^46

97. Berlin Reactions to Nagy's Pamphlet Machtraub in Ungai^n :. ': ^..- '^'h^^' (3Marchl948) 11, ^1261

i83. People in Tliree Hessian Cities Consider Their

Reconstruction Problems (21 July 1949) 183A. Knowledge of the Bonn Constitution (26 July 1949) '

184. The "Voice of America" Audience (26 July 1949)

185. German Opinions on a Peace Treaty before Unification (29 July 1949)

186. German Opinions on American Aid (22 August 1949) .187. Current Views on a Suggested Vfithdrawal of the

Occupiers (23 August 1949)

188. Characteristics and Attitudes- of the German Movie Audience: 4. Appraisal of Movie Influences (l September 1949) - 1D

189. The Public Compares Present and Past Economic Con- ditions (21 Sep/tomber 1949)

190. The Marshall plan and Western Germany (17 October 1949) -^ '. I \ ' ' . -^ , -r

191. The State of German Political Interest at the Outset of the Vest; German Republic (9 December 1949)

1858

1867

1873

>^'~>

1880

1887

''

1896

-. .

/ ly

1967

. .

1970

-

1983

I, .. ..

1989

2000 2004

>

2007

2014

, * .

2020 2022 :

t

2027

1 ' ' ^

2030

2038

2043

2049

2053

2061

INDEX

(T ' ,

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J

! I.-

\- ._..

i .

2082

\

.'-H

:^i;,';'i'.'

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44'. aAoe-ior 9*, ft

^

Additional Tabulations .'

Questions Asked of Listeners Only^

' ^ ' --'r'':'\'. .

;r7

Page

.-'.

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,1 ;'.:r

1

. (

1 ^ :':

2 -^ ''-

4

5 ' :

7

'

. 8 . -

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11

12

'T

13

1.5

15. 18

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RliPORT No. I

't.^io

y'"*:'

SIte[VEY3 'SECTION -, ~

IiiTTSLLIGEHCE BRANCH.; ;v ')- INFORIvIATION CONTROL DIVISION

OMGUS

USPET

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March 1, 194

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, I N 1^ R D U C 'J? I p IT

, A study o:^ tiae radio listening ha';jits of the GenxLans living in ^th3 ^uiiorican Zone was made in the third week of January at the . ,

request of th@ St?te Department and General McCXuro,. 1 " ' :

s ' . / --- ' . !

--. / ^ . . ..':

Personal ^nterviev/s were made in SS4- houses distributed '-' *. throughout th^ Zone so as to represent all types of residences, all classe3. of people, and city and rural dwellers in the saide / ^ propbrtions as they appear in tha whole population of tha Zone, The Questions asked are "shoivn in the Appendix.

S U I H A R Y

; : 1

1. Less than half of the population had radios:' in good 'A^orking order. But nearly "one in three radios in the Zone was a two-tuhe Volkscnipfaenger, Practically no radios were operated by... batteries. ?,:iddle-wave lengths could be picked up by nearly all sets, but one-third of the sets were equipped to rcceivo short- wave also. ,

2. An appreciable proportion of the people (37/0 restricted" their listening to save e-lectricity. Nearly all restrictions were imposed upon day-tinie listenihg.

3 Large audiences cleveloped during the evening 'hours f rem ^ 5 to 16 Pi.r. But significant .audiences were at their radios at 7 AI? and at noon. Listeners, with above average, sized families, seemed^ to use the radio socially as thj center of the evening at home. ;

'' ' ^- ...... '. .^. ...,.. ,._.... . :

4. Radio listeners led Jnore regular lives than nonlisteners.- Large proportions of the former rose at 7 AIj and went to bed 'at 10 PMt

,. - 5. Tho median averai^e tiiiie spent daily at the radio was two

(2) 'liours. . - . ' '

, * 6, Listeilers were concentrated in Bavaria and in large cities, 1 ai.ioii^ the young, well-educated and those with superior socio- economic status.

% r

* .

7.. Radio Munich and Stuttgart covered Bavaria and Badcn- 7uerttembcrg well. But Hessen audiences frequentl^h tuned to other ..^ stations than Radio Frankfurt. ^ The Hessen audiences seemed more ; diverse and, in other respects, dissimilar to audiences in, the __other two_La_ender^_ _ _ .. -^ ,. . ,:

8. Musical programs provided the basic stimulus for listening to the radio 'amon:i a large proportion of the audiences. But news . ;: prograius of diverse types ware also widely preferred* . /.< "-:

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9.

opero'uta to Ge

of

liiusical prograrAS^^ware.

Ro^'iondl prsferences for tjrpes

Kossians tended to bo more receptive to opera and music; Bavarians and residents of Baden-Tuertteinber

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to German folloiiusic. Classical and s:^iiiphonic audience in each Land (aiJbut 15%), :

6.>

music had a solid

10. Nearly 6 in 10 listeners' said tliey^-heard StiirjiiG Amerikas.

Dorcent claimed

it up directly TroiiflTew'

11. Peter Arnold and Lindley Frasor were ,knov/n to rather sizeable proportions of radio listener^. Persojialized nev/scastin^ was as popular aS/Xactual roportiii^' among the scptical German audi-- nee," ^\

12. Ilev/s reporting: on the radio '//as relied upon as truthful by lar^,o proportions of the listeners. 3ut nev/spapers were acc

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>. Z%) tould reoeive middle-vrave stations, over half

(57^ could pick up long^7ave, and about one-^third (SC^) could rcocivo short-^^ve. RhB tabl'tj Tdiloh follovrs hovrs the, proportions of sots rcportocl roooiving oaohtype or combination of type j? signal.

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' The ohart belo'.v ixidictit^a thai; amonti tiie pbdple aio.ino'3t fre.juently turlein ^ne of the thr-^e American sptn- sored stationc,. both Radio Mariich and Radic 'Jtuttgart hav-9. audiencts whioh listen for rather lona periods Z time.

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oocio-cGbnomic Jtoitus.

Lower-Lower aiici on i;eiit.f ^jj.'l^cr-jjower "

, Lower-ii-idcllc u Ojer-Kiddlc: Upper ; ;

L'To.iD/iP^ kc.rr.bc rtihip ;

.'/'OS noL a ir-embc'r^^ relatives not

members \

Kc'lativ; ;/va:j a ni^-mbei: . .i.

^ Respitndcnt /vas- a ni-mber ,

Religion- , ' . 1'.;

Protestant, refvular Ghurchg?er ' ,> Protestant, irr^iCiUlar Churongoer ' .. t' Catholic, regular Jhurchgoor

Gat-i.olic, irregular Ohurohgor ; ' .

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V '^killA-d or. acuiri^i^-tllvd wor^.i-ir , ^ GrcVrrnmrint-, offioc or ahcp wmpioiyte Prof '.53 81 orial, tjpvt-rnu'sint ottioiiAlf

a rd ; ' " ' : ~

In each Land, the Amei.ioan liconr>ed radio' was given Ciiit.^j',andint^ prefex'-inct-; by the listening audiences. And "very large proportions of the listeners within each Laixd tuned to Uie local Land station. Hadiu Dtutt^^ait (B4/'>) shared only iiiii.or pcp'ilarity in Baden-lvUrttemfcerg, with Iv.unich (Syo) and Berlii'- (l, j Sixty -nine pertjent of all tht3 listener:-; in Bav^iiia list:en^i t; Iiadio iylunich but apprec^iable competition v/ith'-otuttg^irt (10,^\, Lt-.ipzig (lOx'O and Berlin (T^^) ' was "^'^ . ,' shown, P.. re , iifficult wtjs tlie position tf Radio l^rani.furt." ./hilt 6 in" 10 Hes.ian listeners tuned to i'^rani-furt, four otlier L:bin sxations were; ulso tun3d to. Berlin (S'/o) , ; ; . Lfip'oiji . 6,-v,)', .:5 tutttc,art L^/o) and liunicn ( "T/'j) . , ' '^'^

/

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^~ ~'" //h'^u Xhb primary and fiycondary . audiences (Para)

listdniiv_; to American Zone stations'are aci.,^ d ' togetlaor, competition with Amtfrioan Zone stations caj:i be sv-en to b^^ ^ conijidereblt withirf each Land. X^early air listeners (97;'^) . in Baden //urtXA; mbeTg hoaru x^

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In general

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Variety sh'o./s .

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Iiviligituo programs ^ '

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9

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69>

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i. because soiie:. respondents . -/- gevfi'-mare than' onts, any .c,r. . ,.,.^ ...'!'' '' '

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*uu3lcal i'rograns (all - . types)

In general

Pcliticsial couiufentary Of fioial information Hevvo re; Is//

Drones tic programs ajid plays .

Vj^riecy sjkib>v3

Rtli^ious progvans

Other

'i/on* t iwno\A/" .

>, - , . ' o^-J *^ ' ;- . '/ . , - ' , i .

.Ufl^^V, ,:;^ ; ; ^' 30 -39 years .

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13

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Musical programs .(all - typ..E.) ';.

iievvG p.ogramc ^ In general

Speeoncb, discjLSjsions Political commentary Official- iniorma.ti on liewVi rei Psv/ ^

Draaatic programs arid '

Varie'ty aiiows ^

*ieligioucj prOjjiiaiii.w

uther

"jon' t knew"

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41

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14

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4

1:^67.

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ifraser Gc^bner

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99 .

^ ' 26 -^^ 16 ;6 , .. 74 /. 84 ;,

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26 ,i ^ 16 ^'i^v

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The importanc'j af perGohaliPsed news broadoas ting tnust bf; recognized not only because of the established popuj.jr'Jty of vOjniirieiybL^tors . On a more general b^jsis, radio

V,

, (Cont ' :! fioj. rage 11) *Bu\. certaiji other unusual chcjraotr::r- j.Gticj of tnir.- groitp- L^houla b3.noTied. ' l^cc-rly three in .four in tne /jroup were Bavarians,' st.ven in ten had had more than

~hlne yea rD forma 1 cohoolins, abuut one in thre.owt.itj Up p,c.r^,^ Ji^iidile cr Up^;er class respondents . ' .'Three quarters of -the ;

i^rcup li.=3 taed to otiinme^^ jiije* i..dj5 . /f he median " iisteninfei . '

tlihc of cill of tiioxii vya* cihdut thrive houry daily v";:^v^' './'

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1 IS t e^ai B indi ^ t e a y rt t^i r c nQ^T said ciic-.v 'iii*jd a straight factu&l report of tiie newi> as aaid they liked "-j- (40/o) the newa in the fona of aouiment and discatssion. , Son-iiGtuners, hQw^vex-*, tt^ndtid to pxhf er btrait,ht report-' ing (36/o) to coniiiienfating {26/o) , , ,,. - '

v/hen p(iO]?le vyorts asi:v.dd v/htner thty preferred the ,,- news to "Be simply read or to be read with "a personal'note/ by ;,: a ^peaiw^r" 'inown by name, few spoke (15!^0 for tne former type v of presentaticnJ A.ion^ tht listeners, a- solid mc:jorrty ^57^^) preferred named liewu casters . One in three non-listeners ( !T6/>) spoivt siinilarly, ba: iialf the non-list siiers held no "opinion > on the qaestion.

X

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Ver^' few pocple (12/) could recall the name oi a rad^o p;r'-g.ra;A which they preferred above all others. Hov/svcr, practically half .those who named ans/ progr>jm nam^id the

Jtimnie A..eri^ia&''! "

III I M I I I l u 50:- c>. 3/ 'sr Cyorman stations only I Li Ci II X) \j I; .7 R 1^ 4/0 37^^ H E R . \ '/ /A f 1^ % f 1.,!' II . "a'. / / / Among ra^'i iistenern, a larger proportion cf men ('{2/0 1 t.'..aj; v.'cneri (5'f-A) tun.ed in, 3 1 immo Aiie x i Ka r? . Pr..xost- ant 3 (72v-'.). ijimllariy, mere frequently tuned tc dtihiuie Am^rJK ab thtn lid Catholicij (5C;j) More frequsntly too, did rriddlf-'- an-^ ujr^ef oJia.ss {67i ' 70. ?i .:"vVV. 1. / - iStn^A-n,t!iMSL ' 2 .VS ,--:i :5 82 16 'i ll6'/ iJ) 1 > . ( 100 ,c* ;/,f ;' \ {. ) V.ox^ th^n ons- ansver was recjordt;|; !; you read the newspaper re^ularlj'? V; ;. /=r::^^:^^^^^^^^^^^^ ivee,ularly Occusionall^ Never Have you read^>-'Ci. recently? -r.^ '-.J \ , Listeners \nn-.Listeners - Yes '53 h 61 74 7J ^6 '* ',-'* 100 ;"^ 100 i -ur^^cn presents t^e new. ^raore -acourat. ly -- the Kadio or /the *.^ ., ' !^ew;ipaperV :--; --.;-- ;-:;.;:;--.^-v;-t-r--V Nu-Listener8 , ^: Lis-fenjjjCB Haciio -' liewepa'jt-er o 65 ; . 18 17 luO /i 16 ^i 46 100 7^ /. '' iri:5teners i4^n-i-.i3^euex'o . ^. , , r-i 71 -p . .. .:..:; 'r'.'y:.-''i"\\ ' -. I'JO /o :' .''; :";, 100 70 ; ^ : 'ft, ' ; '!.- ' ' 'L'-' ' '' '' ^:^,h-ir,:,ltlWVhllk>IAv Non-Listeners . 'JS^^ 14 100>. / II I *-^, ,,i..,^J*y*,. .- - 1 . , v: 1 '^ * ,,^' ' , - .' ' ' "'r-s..' ' ,-\-'i >, ,' ' .* ^'* . ' , '" . . ! .f--"-'-f" 'v.- , \'\\\ -y-. V- i^ t I '' ; 'i' . .- 1/ ,.* - %> )..'' . I. (* 'r.i'/ V^ " "X I' , "^." r' >>-. ^-^./ '^r* J',.. -'' -' a.>_^-_-i auaJjaUi ..-4 _4~.. r-7-^--^:'^'C ^ izu ]: -Yi:?' '1 '* .'. Jazz, American dance music ;i '^ r .He^vy music and symphonis :| vv ^ Muaio - other types v optsra, -h aingers, etc. ; , > i?olitics, speeches : ' Occupatjtpnal trade news News programs War, KZ stories - 4.\ Other (poetry, science, art^ Don't know, can't say, no answer ,245^ 15 16 ^ 8 ] 5 1 6 35 . ..'... ., s...,,.,..; 7 (A) more than one answer was recorded 1. How many people uee your radio? 2 Do vou listen longer, on fome days than on other days? If "Yea": On what days ao you listen longest? How long do you listen to the radio daily? At which times during the day .do you usually listen? At which time would/it; toe test for. you ite listen if you had time to hear only two or three programs a day?- Are you sometimes prevented from listening to the radio ^r^rel-t'^Srw^ic^ Zll ^^^^^ ie tbeolec tricity turned off? Do you limit your radio listening in order to save your set? ' "'''" '""^- "'"'^ -^ 4. 6, 7. 8. 9. 10.' 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. -18; \ -"y*' i^> t% >'' '^i' ';;V;I:'^^' ^::' :^- .M I ;: i -) I' ^ , V j; 7 ,'.f 'v BMIIIIl 'V ,i 1. V v ^ 'V*-- -^-^ . A- -i , ' ri . ,--/,-.>. ^\. . - "T^^SM 'V'f, .^ ^' Oysr .bne-'"'fir&]i (2:^vV) of taer aSult population of tiie , ^ American Zone admittsd h:ivine; reacl "Me in ICampf', Tliey v/ere (questioned -jx- (iarjaan interrogato- s v/orking on assigni^ent of ICD to tall: with a represeni^ati^ye sample of tlia American Zone*, than one i:i ten l7/^), however > said tluy had read th.B Less 'ooolc in- its entirety. "Tide differences in the appeal of 'Hein ICaapf ' could ^a ,_ observed v/l'ion the responses of chara^ctoristic population ^^roupa ' were examined. ILe taolo o low indica'^es that nearly half of those who -were forruer P^rty meaioers', or who wore clasr^ed -jabng the upper social str^ita , had road at least part of TTj^-jr^*^- g -; :- personal philosophy. But anon;! those with 12 or more years of schooling a very larVe majority (7^ A) had lii:ewise expos;;d them- selves to this docuiiiont. I.ar;;,or proportions of young people*, of '. .;r.en (and Ps'.V), and of adherents of thj Coivaviunis \; party also d-.lved into* tnis tosta^uent than did' their coamterpai't *5rpup3 --' . old people, women > and followers of other political parties. Headership habits', in this regard;' did' not differ between the - two major reliiicus ^rcupG in ohe population. 'i'h'ise. dat'A indicai;:? tha~ two fci^to'^-t; gcnt^rally influence people to pick up and read '-i.-oin Kampf ^ the. inJelli.^-nt into:. est cf tlie ii:ore alort intellectually/ and the stimul:;ted interest of thos-: with Nation.^lo'cialiat pei suasions. Thus ' former Party members, youn^; peoole and upper class memoi-rs each, tended support, in. larger proporticns than did non-Pgs, older people and those in the lo-zer classes ^ Aiid acre mr^xibera of the former .groups read Hitle- ' s bcolc. Ticrgponses of the "bett-^.r edu- cated probably directly e:^:emplify both motivations '- they tendod- to support the ITazis in lar.:.,er proportions and more '. actively than" did the more poorly educated At the sane tine the setter educated are th';i book-readinti population. It is not too surprising, then, to find tha^ as many as seven in ten of these people had held the Nazi Bible in their hands.. iTdtal Populati on !r3DAP Affiliation *"* P.'espo'n'derit' lT..k-.. ^.. *-r-^r^- g&ll&I&IIE / . SOLIE POUTICAL ATTHUDES >'' ,s ait if. -L '-. rrobod on Recent Surveys '../ ,*.- . i^._,-,^ , -^(- (; // , 4* Slia 1310,2 Ei>.y> V -.:.. 1 \ ' .1 :'-, . ,1, -I-- ' - . - -v W ^ dt' ;i ,-.!* }.m''"H T- I < -I "r 'awf" *^L ^':'7.^4;..:'' !< . ' HgiIBIS.I& ->- I Party Affiliation ' /. " * ' l ' ' I ' c. ' Only a sr3H proportion (7?) of tho entire population belon;od to a political p:irty at tho tiiAQ of the rild-iiarch poll* This proportion, however, was probably l^'j^ger than that found in a survey ton weeks before (U%) Novertholess, ? i sli^tly fewer people indicated at the tine of the later ;; ' queationinf? that they v/orc considering joining a party. "Are you a noriber of a political party?" If not, "Do you plan to join?" II llcniber : Non-Qociber plan to .loin Non-i. member no plan to .ioin 27 Dec, 19^5 ^^ 15 u:.r.^ .1946 7% 71% 16^ 755-' 1% '^.'*' Those questioned on the liarch survey were asked vrtiy they hnxi no intention to join a party, if this was the case. One-third -(?5i) of the popul:'.tibn said they vrere no longer intoirostcd in politics. Politics, it was ar/^uod, had led to a "^ bad cxpcxicnco so much so thali it was felt to bo safer to keep away fron such affairs. And another fifth of the people (225^; explained their failure to join a party on still more b:\sic grounds politcs is of no interest: to women. Nearly one' in ten respondents (9/^0 justified their lack of interest on the grounds of lr.ck of information one must learn iaoro about such things before joining a party, it was said. Other ccfancnts wore heard to the effect ^at bad health, lack of timo, former NSDAP affiliation,' or official govcmmont or church position excluded tho opportunity of joining. Attendance of Political IIeetin;;s Topiilar disposition tov/ard the dcsircability of politi- cal raeetings have crystallized sharply in the last four months* The proportion holuin^' no opinion on this .issue dropped fron 29J> to 12^i, Host of the novonent v/as toward the side favoring the holding: of meetings. , . "As you Icnow |)olitical neetini%s arc onco^again allowed. ' Do you consider such noetirlc^s desireablo?" 26 Nov.', 19/^5 27 Dec, 15 liar., ^27 Dec I 1945 ^"^ 1946 Yes 6o;' 66:^ 725^ No 165^ No opinion 29^ 19^ 12^/^ Objectors to the holdinjj of neetin^^s expressed in the _ main a diabiste for politics (95^), or' a lack of interest in politics {U%)y or a feeling that Germany is not yet ready, in leadership or capacity, for intorparty rivalries (3%)* Shot-throUjTh as the German population is aaid to be ^tdth political apathy and defeatian expressed by appreciable minorities, it is revealing that an over-increasing nund&er of adults have been attending political meetings, vjhoroas only 6% had gone to a mooting in late Novonbor, and only lX5b in lato ) . - >^ &SSZ&IS.TEL :> > > \ 'i",> .s. / ss sTBis. T E a '"'" -^ ..'-- ^ ' Docunbcr, by March ono-fourth (25/-^) of the ontiro population said they h"-d 4oao this* Reasons (jivcn forgot attending tho i:iOctin,;?s a-^ain recalled the "no intorost^- rid time** pattern of thinking, But 7% of all the pooplo oonpiained that as yat thcro had been no meetings hold in thoir aroas which they ndght have attended. Political DiscriLiin \t ion ( Durinj the last v/oek of February a samplo of the popuL.tion v;as asked v/hether there were any people v/ho o\x,itit to bo excluded froa politiccl. activity. Three in five respon- dents (60%) answered affirfnatively, one in five thought not, . and an equal proportion did not voice an opinion. Tractically every suggestion identifyin-^ the people who "iihould" be excluded pointed ijov/ard former NSDAP nembors. /ictivists rjid former officials were cited as undesirable politically by nearly four in ton people (36T-) Another fourth of the general public (2S%) spoke only about Tarty members in general. Very few people made a variety, of other answers 5 "milit.^rists", "churchmen", "communists", "O'^pononts of LIG", and "wotien". \ Some distinction between activists or former NSDAi' officials, and siViP.ll, or nondnal Nazis could be seen. This was mo3t sh. Tpl:'" outlined when th^ responses- vrore ordered by educational .::roups , Fracticvlly equal proportions of those \ith seven years or less schoolin.- recommended that a.ctivists (31vo) and Party members in general (28^) be kept out of political affairs., Ai^icng the well-educated, with 12 or more years of education, 34a^ would exclude activists and only X3>% thou^t '' ' Party members in general should be penalized in this fashion.. ..if., ,^ r . .. - -I l-J' opinions were also probed on the question of the number of political parties which should bo permitted after the occujDation is over. No appreciable change f!R)n previously ropoj>- ted results v;cre observed.. Rural an^l Urb^n r,>rty Frefercnces F'.Vi. ;j., . ,tc ac.rvoys of tfiG A ./'ican Zone wore com- pleted bot.veon 14 February and 21 llorch, 19^6. On each survey the representative population was aaked to express a choice among the present political prirties. A total of A918 individurds were questioned* ^en the results are exnj.iined within community size groups it can be observed that marked differences existed 'oetv;een the re3-ative streng"bh of . the left wing and the conservative p .rties. The most rural areas tended to bo slightly more leftist than were residents of towns in the size^ group 2000-lQ,0C0. as the size of the t(j>wn increased the 7 proportion of leftiist sentiment also .^rew. In the three largest cities' Franl^urt, Stutt^j-rt and Kunich- c bare edge was given to the leftist parties over tjio conservative and rii^t-wing groups. ' .. !> ::? -' .' , '' '^'i-i \' s^isiRic i&a .it-4'-, .-=-*' ^-li-^ m M5j t ', . I' ;..arrj'*. (I'fcd - cast a..Voto-f6rony party" - ICfb, JitC vote arTainat the KFDI^ - ~ 55b), .and-poiitical-^reoriQatation ("to bring about denocrc^cy and self-fjovernnont" - 75*)* The nest coi.xionly .:;iven reason for not votin.3 (74^ of non-voters) vfas that the individi^al was exclu!4- . \".''.4.' '. ' ^' ''"'':^' ' 1^ %i< \m ' - '. -w . '. Uili ^M .',{' fv^ m ',: V ^m ' V^Hi .'.^V'. 1^1 .j' ' wm m,ym '-*' ''^Jm I M f /-" ' ADDITIO N/X T.JBULu.R RESUJ.TS> _^ . " \ / "In your orinio'n, how iip.r\y ppliticrJL parties should bG-allowod to exist at the en4 of %hQ pccupatiori period?" "t^ ''\ y '*. --^ . :;._ji \' -* T . ' ,.-.. ,;>v.; 26 lIov,> 27 Dec 4 15 liar* ""''^'- ,'.% 1945 , 1945 1946 J ' * ^ iu% -- -: 8? ^ 115^ :--:-- ^ " ,... r,'., ' 8 10 : " ' , -. - 2 1 .,-2 ur50 62 63 4 " 1, 2 1 ICG 1 , 3 * ; . :V 1 4 . .. - 22 12 23 * Trohibit all but cno As few as possible Trohibit .%11 parties Prohibit rUL but throe or four5Q La now Unlimited, rxikes no difference 1 , Other Don't know, can't say >, ' "Are there any people, who should bo forbidden to tako part in jjolitics, that is, to vote, to->e elected to a pub- lic office, to bo nerabors of a party, etc.?" -Yus 60?^ No 20;: No opinion 20^ If "Yes" J ;7ho? NSDAP CT..BKRS Important people Activists Officials Farty is^aliors in ;icneral iro-1937 TrTty ^jombers LilitrjTi^ts 62^ 36^ / . " , .::^'-:: 135^ i ' 205i i;> other (Collaborators - critiinal, political wars churchAcn, conraunists^ opponents \ of iJG, women) ' ' 4^L__ * Lore than cnc ans\/er was ,:iivcn by sor.ie people. iJLL people who said thoy preferred the SiT> over other parties in existence were asked: "If a nerjiTcr of the STD and KrD should be achieved, T7hich party would you then liko best the nev/ party, the GDU, the CSU, or another party?" VJhich parties should bo all G>7ed to exist after the occupation is cvor^ SOCIiXISTS ONLY Nov/ CDU CSU SrD Don't knew /JX So- A' KTD Tarty- 31.^ ^ 2% 22^ only 33^ / 30^ cialiats 2ffi^ CDU . i 3255 42^ 175^ 30?; c 1^ CSU 24$^ 245^ 63^ 41^ ^ 30^ { --:y M -^ Tbtal ca- . * ; , r . , J ses 10^ 625S 60^ 27; : 53Pt 3275>. 1 7 iv; ;-.. r I \' SEglRiC'lifi '.4. ' \'.' }. . RSSmiCTJ]) lf''-k:h / '' -^ r-- 7^ ncOMSS AND EXPEHmTTIRES OF OSi^AlJ / . !: '.' /;.:' / 7/J^ILlSS IH THE i'l-SRICAN ZOIIE' ^. TrllJTER , 1946 * i. ..... . , ,. > -f ' . " r . , " ': ' i * & . .'>' of the total} tho remaining 5*^ road other magazines only. S?*^ (More than a third of readers of the American magazines also soe j!*|f^ ofther periodicals.) There i,s of course overlapping in tfio magazine audiences of HeutO i feue Auslcse ^ and Ameriloxnisoho Rundschau , thus "i0^i the total readership of each in tho Ameriorja Zone is as follows:* i^t iii-^i' > If ..-^i .-ji ..-, r '-')' i. - * In Doceftbor 19*15, Opinion Surveys polled a small sample of people, asking directly about readership of Heute and Anerikanisohe Rundschau (but not about ^Tquq Auslcse) . Then, 6% olaimed to road IIoute > and y^i, the Rundschau . The differences b'ltween these results and those ropor.ted above are not statistically significant, so it cannot be definitely stated that Hcuto is only holding its ov/n, and the Rundschau has slipped somewhat, though the tendency may bo in those directions^ , (Cf 'Reported decline in readership in ODIC Weekly Intolligenco Digest, ICIS #44, 1 June 1946) * * The three lpj*grst weekly mass circulation magazines in U.S., Life , Saturday Evening Post , and Colliers claim, respectively, audiences of 21%^ 12 Berlin 13^ 11?S IZ% 15^ , . 43< 9f. '',,' Bavaria 40 32 28 37 19 54 H08S0 25 36 32 25 12 20 M:' Wucr ttonb. -Badon 22 21 27 23 26 17 '' '\ ' By Education^ ' '' ' '; 7 years or loss 11 8 4 9 16 41 . ]' '"' . 8 years 34 26 21 33 47 46 ' ;[';. 9 to 11 yoars 35 28 33 34 21 10 12 or moro years 20 38 42 24 16 3 By Ago: ^ , 7^ '/ Under 30 years 26 25 22 25 25 19 - ',.',.'. 30 - 39 years 27 21 24 25 20 23 , ;1V. . 40-49 years 29 29. 29 29 23 25 f;*'.v,' * 50 years and over 18 25 25 21 32 . 33 By Sex: y I . t tlon ' 65 7/i 68 65 42 40 ' , ' v ^onen 35 26 32 35 58 60 ^ ' By City Size (cxoludins Berlin) t ": Under 2,b60 13 17 13 13 15 , 43 / " '^ ^ 2,000-9,999 16 9 28 14 9 20 '. '- t ' 10,000 99,99P 20 22 S2 22 17 ; 14 "'. 100,000 and tvor 38 41 27 36 16 14 1 t ' > " By Vocation: I Prol*& Business 25 32 34 26 16 Officials & vmito Collar 42 37 44 42 34 Craftsinon 11 9 8 , 10 15 Skilled v^orkers 15 15 9 15 17 Semi-skilled 4- 1 1 3 . 7 Unskilled 1 3 2 2 2 Farmors ., - 5 None ' 2 2 , 2 2 . . 4 By Monthly Inoomoi t ' ... _ , l^M 0 or loss " 22 22 < 21 20 16 Rlt 9i; - 190 24 26 17 . 23 26 RM 191 . 2S0 21 13 22 21 27 RM 291 - 390 11 11 10 12 16 Rl! 390 and mro 1 22 28 30 24 15 By Roliff ion's . ' ' ; '1 1 -' CfcthoJLlo (re;;) 18 18 19 19 ' 14 CathoXiQ (Irres) 23 22 . 19 21 8 Protcktant (rog) 14 15 14 15 16 i^otoitant (irro^) 36 ^4 37 36 52 Other , ;. .. ( 9 }^ 11 9 10 6 RESTRIGTBD !?" --.- 21 "' ;. '-, 9 26 _.; V '-. 8 7 20 . ' 3 34 " - > , 36 "' V . 19 ' -W' 6 5 . , '- 37 ^ 15 15 ''",s' 30 * 3 , 't, RESTRICTED 'V- ' ^ r ^^ - 4 - f Further analysis of tho. oharcotoristics of readers of tho throo maga- zinos shov/s that tho porlo'dicr.ls tond to reach the people v;ho aro already politically oriontod rather than those who claim dis-intorost in political affairs, -^hus, in responao to tho question: "Do you soifiotinca think about politics or do you leave that to otherst**. throo- fourths (-74^) of those who road tho Amorioan sponsored magazinos, but only one-third (32^) who iead no rnasjazines at all answer aff imati'TOly. Moreover readers of the throe ma:;;azinos consider thonsolves bettor informed, politically. A huge majority (815^) of. them answer "Yes" to tho qucstiont "Are you sufficiently informed about present day affairs?'* But loss than half of tho non-roadors so oonsidor thcnselvos. The propohderanoe of mon (gonorally ,oonsodod to bo bettor informed poli- tically than women in present-day Germany) over women as readers of th(? three magazines lends further orcdonoe to this intorprotation* * Also, reflecting tho mainly urban coverage of the throo magazines, noro trade union members tend to road the jnaga zincs than to be non- roadcrs. Thus, IQ'f, of trade union members road one or more of tho throo magazines, and only 9?^ say they road no magajjines r,t nil. hy : 0t It is noteworthy, however, that most non-readers of magazines road newspapers (81^; Obviously, it i not inability to road that koepa those peoplo avray from the magazines. * Finally to ro-omphaslzo somo of tho findings presented In tabular form abovo certain groups are not reached by the three njagazlnos or! by any magazines t Bavarians (54?S of non-readors); women (60^ of non-roadors); rural people (43^. of non-roadors); and peoplo with 8 yodrs of schooling or loss (87^ of non-roaders). . \ i: Kumbor of roadors per oopy Circulation figures often do not represent accurately covorago cff a mngazino; number of roadors per oopy tolls moro. As indloatod in tho following table, Houto is passed along moro frequently than ore tho Ruandsohau or Heuo Auslose , and slightly more people road oopios of Fcuo Ausloso than of the /imorikanisoho Rundschau* *In addition to you, how many people road this magazinol* Tvfo or 'less Three Fqur Five Six or moro loqf. Hcute 23 19 13 16 241 Readers oft Rundsohau Neue Auslose V 46?5 14 18 17 JtL 92 4x70 20 15 13 126 oases ' fho median average number of people sooing each magazino^ls 2*9 for Hdute, 2*3 for tho Rundsohau, and 26 for Neue Auslose* : -T ;. ' " ' ,' \i\ ' ..;- - . ' RESTRICTED 1/ , T' - - 'if R E S T R I,C T B D '0'^! c ^ " S'i'' /.V I Mo