Slide 2 First: Recall what needs fixing/restructuring. Think
Politically, Socially, and Economically Ask: How do we restore the
Southern states back into the Union? Pardon? Oath? Who leads? South
is in ruins (structurally) and their economy is deteriorating, how
do we fix it? (pg. 356) 4 Million free slaves, now what?
Agricultural System effected by slaves being freed. New System?
People concerned with rebuilding their land and their lives. How do
we help them? Slide 3 Lincoln Johnson Congress Slide 4 To Grant
Amnesty, pardon, to most Southerners if they did what? If they took
an oath of loyalty and accepted its proclamations concerning
slavery. When could southern states make new state governments? 10
percent of state voters take oath Who would not receive amnesty
from Lincolns plan? Members of Former conf. govt., officers of the
conf. army, members of Congress, former federal judges, and
military officers who had left their posts Congress didnt accept
Lincolns Plan Slide 5 Johnson has a moderate plan like Lincolns
Plan: Initiates Restoration Program while congress is in recess.
Amnesty and return of property for former confederate citizens
whove taken an oath of loyalty. Excludes: Rich Planter Elite-
(Why?) High Ranking Confederates Those with property over $20,000
Could apply for pardons individually Required states to ratify the
Thirteenth Amendment and reject all civil war debts Slide 6
Restoration Program: Former confederate states followed Johnsons
terms Started forming new governments and electing people to
congress Johnson granting thousands of pardons. Congress back in
session ANGRY! Why? Former confederate political and military
leaders in congress Found unacceptable by manyRepublicans, who
voted to reject these new members Black Codes- passed by southern
state legislatures (pg. 360) Slide 7 Moderate Republicans create
Wade-Davis Bill. Requires majority of the adult white males in
former Confederate state to take an oath of allegiance to the
Union. Then the states could hold convention to create a new state
government. Each state would have to abolish slavery, reject all
debts the state had acquired as part of Confederacy, and deprive
all former Confederate govt. officials and military officers the
right to vote or hold office. Passed by Congress, but pocket-vetoed
by Lincoln To harsh and counterproductive- no persecution, no
bloody work Slide 8 Congress Established Freedmens Bureau Bureau of
Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Feeds and clothes war
refugees with surplus army supplies Helped prevent mass starvation
Union troops settled 40,000 African Americans on about million
acres of land in S.C. and Georgia Helped freed African Americans
find work on plantations Negotiated Labor contracts Established
courts dealing with grievances between planter and worker Congress
rejected land confiscations- forty acres and a mule Worked to get
formerly enslaved people an education Provided buildings for
schools, paid teachers, established colleges for training African
American teachers. What was the purpose of the Freedmans Bureau?
Help Freed African Americans get food, clothing, medical care, find
work, and an education. Slide 9 Angry with Johnson! Radical
Republicans: 3 main goals Prevent leaders of the Confederacy from
returning to power after the war. Make Republican Party a powerful
institution in the South. Political equity for African Americans
through voting rights. How would this help? 3/5ths Compromise->
slavery abolished-> more Southern seats in the House->
endangers Republican control of Congress How could congress protect
their power? Find a way to protect African American Voting Rights
Slide 10 Congress/Radical Republicans Plan: How does congress
protect African American Rights? Pass 14 th and 15 th Amendments
New state constitutions required to guarantee voting rights
Military rule protected voting rights for African Americans
Empowered African Americans in government Supported African
Americans education Military Reconstruction Act- What does this do?
Split South into 5 districts Slide 11 Slide 12 House and Senate
Republicans What was the main goal of congress plan? Protect Rights
of African Americans Congress upset about Black Codes Civil Rights
Act of 1866-overrides Black Codes. What does it grant to African
Americans? Citizenship to all persons born in the U.S. (not Native
Americans) Allows African Americans to own property and be treated
equally in court Able to sue those who violated the act Slide 13
How did Congress secure the Civil Rights Act? Introduced 14 th
Amendment- This would do what ? Citizenship to all born or
naturalized in the U.S. No state could deprive life, liberty, or
property without due process of law Equal protection of the Laws
Increasingly supported by Southern moderates Johnson disagreed with
Amendment Discouraged supporting the Radical Republicans 1866
congressional elections Republicans win 3 to 1 majority in congress
Amendment Ratified by states in 1868 Slide 14 Congress worried
Johnson wouldnt enforce laws Trusted: Edwin M. Stanton-Secretary of
war General Ulysses S. Grant- Head of Army Congress passes 2 Acts:
Command of the Army Act Tenure of Office Act Johnson challenges and
fires Stanton House of Representatives votes to impeach Johnson To
charge with high crimes and misdemeanors in office. What grounds
where they impeaching Johnson on? That he had broken the law by
refusing to uphold the Tenure of Office Act Slide 15 Senate put
Johnson on trail. If 2/3rds guilty he would be removed Vote 35 to
19- ONE vote short. ->NOT impeached. Johnson remains in office
but finished term quietly 1868- Ulysses S. Grant wins election Why
did Grant win? States reorganizing governments only with military
supervision Presence of Union troops enabled large numbers of
African Americans to vote Won six Southern states and most Northern
States Republicans kept large majorities in House and Senate Slide
16 Congress now has a trusted president Desired to expand their
Reconstruction Plan Passed 15 th Amendment (pg 363) Right to vote
shall not be deniedon account of race, color, or previous condition
of servitude. How did Radical Reconstruction (congress plan) impact
the South? Brought African Americans into politics Started changing
Southern Society Many southern whites started to fight back against
federal policies
