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How sediment becomes sedimentary rock

+Warm-Up:Quick Write

What happens to sediments that are deposited in a basin?

Helpful words: Wentworth Scale (name particles of different sizes) Erosion Weathering Deposition Basin Strata (layers)

+Goals

Define compaction and cementation (lithification.)

Describe the role of water in forming rocks (dissolution.)

Describe how chemicals in the environment combine to make new chemical compounds.

+Cloze

The _____________ that accumulate in a ____________ are found in ______________ of different materials and _____________ size.

+Cloze

The _____________ that accumulate in a ____________ are found in ______________ of different materials and _____________ size.

Words:

Particle Strata/layers Basin Sediment

+New Vocabulary:

Dissolve

Suspended/Suspension

Precipitate

Solution

Compact

Cement

Groundwater

+New Vocabulary:

Dissolve- To break into smaller parts.

Suspended/Suspension- A solution with small particles in it.

Precipitate- Particles sinking to the bottom of a solution.

Solution- A liquid or gas that contains dissolved particles.

Compact- To decrease the volume and increase the density of a material.

Cement- To hold particles together.

Groundwater- Water that moves through underground sediments.

+Which word matches the picture?

+Which word matches the picture

+Which word matches the picture?

+Which word matches the picture?

+Part 1: Describe how the sedimentary rock formed

During our unit on weathering, we observed chalk that was placed in water. Observe the chalk. In as much detail as possible, and using all appropriate vocabulary, your group will draft a description of how the “rock” formed in the cup.

+Chalk questions….

What kind of sedimentary rock is chalk? How can you test it to prove that it is this kind of rock?

How does this kind of sedimentary rock form?

How can you prove that the rock is formed this way?

+Part 2:Create Limestone

Test shells to verify that they contain calcium carbonate (CaCO3.)

Crush some of the shells into smaller pieces. In nature, what might break the shells into smaller pieces.

Observe your limestone. Some of the shells fragments are observable. What else is in the rock?

+Part 2: Create Limestone

Weathering can break shell into pretty small fragments. But there are even smaller particles in limestone.

All animals produce CO2 as a waste. Sometimes this reacts with chemicals in ocean water. Observe what happens when you introduce CO2 into a cup by blowing into it. Describe this reaction using your new vocabulary words.

+Part 2: Create Limestone

Place your shell particles into the cup with your CaCO3 precipitate.

Imagine this mixture at the bottom of an ocean. It’s not rock- it’s a solution. What would need to happen for this solution to become limestone?

+Make Connections

The Bahamas are composed almost entirely of limestone. How do you think that these islands formed?

+Make Connections:This rock formation has alternating layers of limestone and sandstone. Infer how this feature formed.