職場危害與管理 (III)

張書奇Shu-Chi Chang, Ph.D., P.E., P.A.

Assistant Professor1 and Division Chief2

1Department of Environmental Engineering2Division of Occupational Safety and Health,

Center for Environmental Protection and Occupational Safety and Health

National Chung Hsing University

9/30/2008

政策考慮事項政策考慮事項

‧組織的遠景、任務、價值觀及信念 ‧利害相關團體的需求 / 溝通‧持續改善‧經營理念‧與組織各方面的政策一致‧特殊條件

流 程人力能源資源化學藥品

氣體、煙噪音、熱

產品

不良品報廢品固體廢棄物液體

(ISO 14000s)

(ISO 9000s)

(ISO 14000s)

品質管理、環境管理與 OHS 管理品質管理、環境管理與 OHS 管理

(ISO 14000s)

(BS 8800)

(BS 8800)

(BS 8800)

(BS 8800)

(BS 8800)

TQM及品質系統

成品檢驗

顧客退貨 災變清除

管末管制

管理系統

品質管理 EHS管理

便宜 早

昂貴 晚

環境安衛管理系統與品質系統

標 準

未知領域現有知識已知問題

OHS 危害

品質 環境 工安衛

管理系統的關係管理系統的關係

QU SHEN

環境

股東員工

社會

THE COMPANY

供應商顧客

企業與環境企業與環境

企業面臨的環境壓力企業面臨的環境壓力

公 司外部要求

公會 / 政府機構員工家屬壓力團體

外部要求公會 / 政府機構

員工家屬壓力團體

內部壓力員工、工會營運問題社會責任

內部壓力員工、工會營運問題社會責任

外部壓力法規 / 壓力團體

社區大眾

外部壓力法規 / 壓力團體

社區大眾

營運需求顧客壓力市場潛力

保方 / 貸方競爭者

營運需求顧客壓力市場潛力

保方 / 貸方競爭者

• 之支援系統

標準介紹 BS 8800 ISO 14001 ILO OSH 2001

4.0 簡介 -BS 88004.0 簡介 -BS 8800

4.0.1 通則此指南中之所有要素均應整合入組織之 OHS 管理系統中，但其個別要素之應用形式及程度則依組織大小、活動性質、危害及運作條件而定。

4.0 簡介 cont. -BS 8800

4.0 簡介 cont. -BS 8800

4.0.2 先期狀況審查組織應考慮對其現行 OHS 管理配置施行先期狀況審查，此審查應進行，以提供資訊，這些資訊會影響決定現行系統之範圍、適切性及執行成效；同時提供一基線以供未來進步程度之量測。先期狀況審查應可回答「 Where are we now? 」之問題此審查應將現行配置與下列事項比較：‧與 OHS 管理議題相關之法規要求‧組織內現存之 OHS 管理之指南‧最佳作為及績效‧現行投入 OHS 管理資源之效率及有效性一可行之方式為將現行管理與上述綱要比較，附錄提供資訊以幫助組織確保先期審查含括關鍵領域。由先期狀況審查而來之資料可用於規劃流程。

3.0 簡介

Occupational safety and health, including compliance with the OSH requirements

pursuant to national laws and regulations, are the responsibility and duty of the

employer. The employer should show strong leadership and commitment to OSH

activities in the organization, and make appropriate arrangements for theestablishment of an OSH management system. The system should contain

the mainelements of policy, organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation and

action forimprovement, as shown in figure 2.

4.1 環境政策 -ISO 14000

4.1 環境政策 -ISO 14000

高階管理者應界定組織的環境政策，並確保其 。跟組織的活動、產品及服務的本質、規模及環境影響有關 。包括持續改善的承諾 。包括符合相關之環境法規及其他應符合要求之承諾 。提供設定與審查環境目的與目標之架構 。文件化、可實施與維持且傳達予所有員工 。對大眾公開

4.1 安全衛生政策 -BS 88004.1 安全衛生政策 -BS 8800

最資深管理者應界定、背書並書面化組織的 OHS 政策，並確保其政策至少含括以下承諾： 。承認 OHS 績效是整體業務績效之一部份

。達成高標準之 OHS 績效。提供適切及適宜之資源。設定並出版 OHS目標。將 OHS 管理職責設定為生產線管理者之主要職責（含最高階之生產主管到第一線之領班）

。確保 OHS 政策之有效傳達、執行及維護。員工參與及諮詢，以增加對 OHS 政策之承諾及執行。週期性地審查政策、管理系統及稽核結果。確保各階層員工接受適當訓練及有能力執行其工作及職責

3.1 安全衛生政策 -ILO OSH 2001

3.1.1. The employer, in consultation with workers and their representatives,should set out in writing an OSH policy, which should be:(a) specific to the organization and appropriate to its size and the nature of itsactivities;(b) concise, clearly written, dated and made effective by the signature orendorsement of the employer or the most senior accountable person in theorganization;(c) communicated and readily accessible to all persons at their place of work;(d) reviewed for continuing suitability; and(e) made available to relevant external interested parties, as appropriate.

3.1 安全衛生政策 -ILO OSH 2001

3.1.2. The OSH policy should include, as a minimum, the following keyprinciples and objectives to which the organization is committed:(a) protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventingwork-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents;(b) complying with relevant OSH national laws and regulations, voluntaryprogrammes, collective agreements on OSH and other requirements to which theorganization subscribes;(c) ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and encouraged toparticipate actively in all elements of the OSH management system; and(d) continually improving the performance of the OSH management system.3.1.3. The OSH management system should be compatible with or integrated inother management systems in the organization.

3.1 安全衛生政策 -ILO OSH 2001

3.1.2. The OSH policy should include, as a minimum, the following keyprinciples and objectives to which the organization is committed:(a) protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventingwork-related injuries, ill health, diseases and incidents;(b) complying with relevant OSH national laws and regulations, voluntaryprogrammes, collective agreements on OSH and other requirements to which theorganization subscribes;(c) ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and encouraged toparticipate actively in all elements of the OSH management system; and(d) continually improving the performance of the OSH management system.3.1.3. The OSH management system should be compatible with or integrated inother management systems in the organization.

3.2. 員工參與 -ILO OSH 2001

3.2.1. Worker participation is an essential element of the OSH managementsystem in the organization.3.2.2. The employer should ensure that workers and their safety and healthrepresentatives are consulted, informed and trained on all aspects of OSH,

includingemergency arrangements, associated with their work.3.2.3. The employer should make arrangements for workers and their safety

andhealth representatives to have the time and resources to participate actively in

theprocesses of organizing, planning and implementation, evaluation and action forimprovement of the OSH management system.3.2.4. The employer should ensure, as appropriate, the establishment andefficient functioning of a safety and health committee and the recognition of

workers'safety and health representatives, in accordance with national laws and

practice.Organizing

TOYOTA guiding principles

1.Honor the language and spirit of the law of every nation and undertake open and fair corporate activities to be a good corporate citizen of the world.

2.Respect the culture and customs of every nation and contribute to economic and social development through corporate activities in the communities.

3.Dedicate ourselves to providing clean and safe products and to enhancing the quality of life everywhere through all our activities.

4.Create and develop advanced technologies and provide outstanding products and services that fulfill the needs of customers worldwide.

5.Foster a corporate culture that enhances individual creativity and teamwork value, while honoring mutual trust and respect between labor and management.

6.Pursue growth in harmony with the global community through innovative management.

7.Work with business partners in research and creation to achieve stable, long-term growth and mutual benefits, while keeping ourselves open to new partnerships.

Toyota SH policy

Toyota policy

We, TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION and our subsidiaries, take initiative to contribute to harmonious and sustainable development of society and the earth through all business activities that we carry out in each country and region, based on our Guiding Principles.

We comply with local, national and international laws and regulations as well as the spirit thereof and we conduct our business operations with honesty and integrity.

In order to contribute to sustainable development, we believe that management interacting with its stakeholders as described below is of considerable importance, and we will endeavor to build and maintain sound relationships with our stakeholders through open and fair communication.

We expect our business partners to support this initiative and act in accordance with it.

We also participated in the formulation of and observe the standards outlined in the Charter of Corporate Behavior of the Nippon Keidanren (Japan Business Federation), an alliance of Japanese leading corporations.