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מצגת דו"ח מצב בגדה המערבית ובמזרח ירושלים 2010. OCHA הוא אחד ממשרדי האו"ם, אשר אחראי ל"תאום ופיקוח התנאים ההומניטאריים בשטחי פלסטין הכבושים ע"י מדינת ישראל"
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UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
oPt Humanitarian Overview: The West Bank and East Jerusalem
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Key Issues• House demolitions and displacement• Settler Violence• System of movement and access restriction
• Shrinking space
–
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
House DemolitionsArea C:• 200 demolitions a year (av.)• < 3,000 pending ordersEast Jerusalem• 100 demolitions a year (av.)• < 1,500 pending orders• < 60,000 vulnerable
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Displacement in 2009
Adults Children Total
East Jerusalem 151 149 300
*Eviction from Sheikh Jarrah 53
Area C 152 167 319
Total: 303 316 673
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010December 2009Restricting Space: The Planning Regime Applied by Israel in Area C of the West Bank
Restricting Space in Area C of the West
Bank• Area C: 60% of West
Bank• Land Reserves for
Urban Expansion and Infrastructure.
• Palestinian construction prohibited in 70% of Area C and restricted in 29%
• Only 1% of Area C planned for Palestinian development
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Shrinking Space for Palestinians in E. Jerusalem
• Restrictive zoning• Restrictive planning• Restrictive permit regime
-125 in 2008• Shortfall of 1,100 HU/year
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
East Jerusalem, Silwan-Al Bustan
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
East Jerusalem,Sheikh Jarrah
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Sheikh Jarrah current crisis• Organized settler attempts to take over land for
expansion or establishment of new settlements.• Land expropriated or contested before the courts,
in contravention of international law. • Plans to build over 540 residential units and
public/commercial buildings for settlers.• Over 50 Palestinian residents already forcibly
evicted: estimated 500 at risk of displacement
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Settler Violence• Impunity and lack of law
enforcement – More than 90% of the cases
investigated since 2006 closed without indictment
• Current trend: - “Price tag” strategy - Resistance to
“settlement freeze”Susiya South Hebron/ BTselem
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Settler related violence incidents trend 117%
Increase since 2006
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Yassuf Mosque /December 2009
Settler Violence
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Access and Movement: Multi-layered system of restrictions
• Checkpoints & roadblocks• Barrier and ‘Seam Zone’• Restricted roads• Closed military areas (Firing
Zones)• Nature reserves• Israeli settlements• Administrative restrictions
Entrenchment
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Closures in the West Bank
Greenline
CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsRoad BarrierRoad GatesRoadblocksEarthmounds
West Bank: 5,600 km2
Palestinian Built-up areas Population: 2,350,583PCBS Census 2007Israeli settlementsapprox. 149 settlements,100 outpostsPopulation: Approx. 500,000
WEST BANK
PARTIAL CHECKPOINT An established checkpoint operating periodically.
CHECKPOINTSA barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police.ROAD GATESA metal gate, often manned by IDF, to control movement along roads.
ROAD BLOCKSA series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access.
EARTHMOUNDSA mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access.
TRENCHES A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing. Total of 33.6 km
ROAD BARRIERS Road barriers alongside major roads to prevent movement across the roads.Total of 125 km
D D D
EARTH WALLS A continuous wall or series of earth mounds.
DDDD
CheckpointsTrenches / EarthwallsEarthmoundsRoad BarrierRoadblocksRoad Gates
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Number of ClosuresCHECKPOINTSA barrier manned by IDF and/or Border Police.PARTIAL CHECKPOINTSAn established checkpoint operating periodically.ROAD GATESA metal gate, often manned by IDF, to control movement along roads. ROADBLOCKSA series of 1 metre high concrete blocks used to obstruct vehicle access. EARTHMOUNDSA mound of rubble, dirt and/or rocks used to obstruct vehicle access.
69
20
104
61
152
TRENCHES (total of 33.9 km)A ditch used to prevent vehicle crossing. ROAD BARRIERS (total of 125 km)Road barriers placed alongside major roads prevent movement across the roads.EARTH WALLS (total of 15.2 km) A continuous wall or series of earth mounds used to restrict access.
21
75
48
In total 550 closuresAs of 16 Feb 2010
Flying CheckpointsAverage: 2009 65 2010 100
DDDD
D D D
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Other Closures
• 92 obstacles in Hebron City (H2)• 57 Barrier gates• 8 Green Line checkpoints
* Not included in OCHA closure count (Feb. 2010)
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Closure TrendNumber of West Bank Closures
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800680
376533
AMA
A 39% increase since AMA was signed605
471
630
735
533 561 569
396
Road Map Disengagement
PalestinianElections Annapolis
614
HamasTake-over
Dec 03 Nov 04 Mar 05 Aug 05 Nov 05 Jan 06 Oct 06 Oct 07 Jan 08 Sept 08 June 09 Feb ‘10
550
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Movements and Access Easings, July 2009
Atara Checkpoint, 1 July 2009
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Expanded Enav checkpoint
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Construction of Barrier in the West Bank
Started in June 2002 after an escalation of suicide bombings- issue is the route
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
The Barrier • Objection to route, not the Barrier• 10,000 people in closed areas;
expanded Jan. 2009• Once the Barrier is completed:
–85% of the route will be in the WB–125,000 will be surrounded on 3 sides–35,000 will live in closed areas
• Protests result in 64% of injuries in WB
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
The Barrier
WEST BANK
Constructed58% (413 km)
Under Construction10% (73 km)
Planned32% (223 km)
Green Line
Total Length: 709 kmWithin the West Bank 85%
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Closed Area CommunitiesFacts & figures• 10,000/35,000 West Bankers• 125,000 / 3 sides• Permanent Resident Permits
Impact• Health • Education • Family and social relations
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Qalqilia Jayyous:
55
ACTIVATELAYERS
Habla Tunnel
Road 55
Jayyus’ Land
Water wells
Green Line
West Bank Barrier 2008ConstructedPlanned
PalestinianBuilt-up
IsraeliSettlements
Barrier Gates
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Control mechanisms further entrenched
The ‘Fabric of Life’ road network• 49 km of roads and 43 tunnels &
underpasses• Transportational contiguity at
expense of territorial continuity• Environmental and economic
impact: unknown
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Enclaves and Fabric of Life Roads
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Biddu sunken road
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
East Jerusalem
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Barrier related: • Access to services• Communities & land “dislocated” by
Barrier In addition:• Evictions, Demolitions• Residency rights• Poor living conditions
Displacement
East Jerusalem: Key Humanitarian Concerns
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
19872005
Isolation of Jerusalem from the West Bank BARRIER
ConstructedUnder constructionPlanned
ROADS Israeli use primarily
E1 project
Planned with land seizedPlanned
PLANNED ROADS
Checkpoints Palestinian permits holdersUnderpasses
Palestinian traffic only:
Palestinian built-up areaSettlement
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Restricted Access
Al-Ram/East Jerusalem – Formal commercial area
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Access to Health
• All JLM ID holders / WBGS residents• Permits & access for WB patients,
staff & ambulances to EJ hospitals• Problems of access for JLM residents
who live outside Barrier• Access problems within EJ due to
ambulance escorts (ICRC/PRCS/MADA agreement)
• Access to WB/JLM hospitals for dislocated communities
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Access to Education
• Permits & access for WB teachers/students to Jerusalem
• Classroom shortage in Municipal system/ Demolition/sealing of Al Waqf schools
• Estimated 5-10,000 pupils not enrolled/ high dropout rate
• Access to WB/JLM schools for dislocated communities
Access to Education
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Residency rights
• Revocation of social benefits & Jerusalem ID cards
• Family reunification
• Registration of children
• Municipal boundary vs. Barrier boundary
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Displacement
• Restrictive zoning & planning & administrative obstacles ‘illegal’ construction/demolitions
• Systematic settler ‘legal’, physical & other pressure forced evictions
• Other “push” factors, including lack of access to services…etc.
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
‘Dislocated’ communities & isolated land
• West Bank Palestinian communities on ‘Jerusalem’ side of Barrier
• East Jerusalem communities on ‘West Bank’ side of the Barrier
• West Bank communities severed from their previously close ties to Jerusalem
• West Bank land isolated on ‘Jerusalem side’ of Barrier
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Fragmentation of the West Bank and East Jerusalem:Areas A and B (Oslo Accords)
149 Israeli settlements,100 outposts and land cultivated by Israelis
Settlements Regional Councils
Israeli military closed areas (Fire Zones) and 48 military bases
Nature Reserves
West Bank Barrier and Areas between the Barrier and the Green Line
Restricted Roads
Closures
The effect of the closures and restricted roads
Fragmentation of the West Bank
CheckpointsTunnels(As of September 2008)
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Israeli annexation into JerusalemIDF closure of Dead Sea coast line (32 Km)Israeli settlements (19), Israeli pop. 86,000Area C (66%) – full Israeli controlIsraeli military closed areas (40% of the governorate and 60% of Area C)Nature Reserves (19.4%)Bypass roadsIsraeli settlement outposts (16)Barrier – constructed & under constructionBarrier - PlannedClosures : checkpoints and obstacles (29)Settlement expansion
The Shrinking Space of Bethlehem GovernorateGovernorate comprised of approximately 658 square KmPotential sites for development of Bethlehem tourism if Israeli measures lifted Mar Saba
Dead SeaHusanBedouin Life
UNITED NATIONSOffice for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
occupied Palestinian territory
HUMANITARIAN OVERVIEW February 2010
Conclusions• Humanitarian and/or
full economic recovery impeded by restricted access to and control over space & resources.
• Barrier on 1967 Green Line
• Gaza Blockade must end, crossings opened
Bethlehem Barrier Crossing 2008