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- WBG - Asbestos () - asbestos Asbestos (Asbestos Containing Materials - ACM) (WBG) Asbestos WBG (General Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines - EHS) 6 WBG EHS ACM Asbestos ( ) ACM WB WB ACM Asbestos

6http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_EHSGuidelines2007_GeneralEHS/$ FILE/Final+-

+General+EHS+Guidelines.pdf (pp. 71, 91, 94).

49

Asbestos . Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos 7 , Asbestos ILO 8 Asbestos , WHO 9 Asbestos 10 Chrysotile Asbestos - (A-C) A-C A-C A-C Asbestos A-C Asbestos ( ) Asbestos

7http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/draft.WHO.policy.paper.on.asbestos.related.diseases.pdf.

See also Stayner L, et al., Exposure-Response Analysis of Risk of Respiratory Disease Associated with Occupational Exposure to Chrysotile Asbestos. Occupational Environmental Medicine. 54: 646 -652 (1997). 8http://www.ilo.org/wow/Articles/lang--en/WCMS_081341

9http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/asbestosrelateddiseases.pdf

10Asbestos defined in Castleman, B. Asbestos: Medical and Legal Aspects 5th Ed. New York: Aspen, 2005, 894 pp.

50

11 - Asbestos Asbestos (IFBWW) Collelgium Ramazzini Asbestos ( ) Chrysotile12 Asbestos ILO sbestos Asbestos Landrigan PJ, Soffritti M. sbestos Collegium Ramazzini m. J. nd. Med. 47: 471-474 (2005). . Asbestos Asbestos http:// ibassecretariat.org./ lka_alpha _asb_ ban_280704.php sbestos , , , , , Item 299, pp. 20/47- 48. - http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/asbestosrelateddiseases.pdf . Asbestos Asbestos Asbestosis ( Pleura Peritoneum Mesothelioma

11

ILO Asbestos Convention No. 162, (see http:www.ilo.org/ilolex or http://www.itcilo.it/actrav/osh_es/m%F3dulos/legis/c162.htm) 12

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/asbestosrelateddiseases.pdf. Directive 2003/18/EC of the

European Council and Parliament amending Council Directive 83/477/EEC, and Directive 99/77/EEC

http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/asbestosrelateddiseases.pdf

51

) 13 Asbestos Asbestos Mesothelioma Asbestos 14 Asbestos 15 A-C Asbestos Chrysotile Asbestos () Asbestos 16A-C Asbestos Asbstos Asbestos 17 A-C ggressive 18 Asbestos

13

http://www.euro.who.int/document/aiq/6_2_asbestos.pdf 14

Asbestos. World Health Organization IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans/ Overall Evaluations of Carcinogenicity: An Updating of IARC Monographs 1 to 42, Suppl. 7. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 1987, pp. 106-116. 15

Wagner JC, Berry G, Skidmore JW, Timbrell V. The Effects of the Inhalation of Asbestos in Rats. Br. J. Cancer 29:

252-269 (1974). 16

International Program on Chemical Safety, Conclusions and Recommendations for Protection of Human Health, Chrysotile Asbestos, Environmental Health Criteria 203. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1998, p. 144. 17

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/a68673_guidelines_3.pdf 18

http://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2000/a68673_tech_aspects_4.pdf

52

19ACM Asbestos ACM 20 . Asbestos Asbestos 21 Asbestos . (ILO) Asbestos 22 19

Jones, Robert Living in the Shadow of the Asbestos Hi l ls (The Need for Risk Based Cleanup Strategies for Environmental Asbestos Contamination in South Africa). Environmental Exposure, Crisis Preparedness and Risk Communication, Global Asbestos Congress, Tokyo, Japan, November 19 - 21, 2004.

http://park3.wakwak.com/~gac2004/en/index_abstract_e.html. See also Oberta, AF Case Study: An Asbestos Cement Plant in Israel -- Contamination, Clean-up and Dismantling. Hellenic Asbestos Conference, Athens, Greece, October 29 - 31, 2002. http://www.ibas.btinternet.co.uk/Frames/f_lka_hellen_asb_conf_rep.htm 20

Boer, A.M., L.A. Daal, J.L.A. de Groot, J.G. Cuperus The Combination of the Mechanical Separator and the

Extraction Cleaner Can Process the Complete Asbestos -containing Waste-stream and Make it Suitable for Reuse. European Conference on Asbestos Risks and Management, Rome, Italy, December 4 -6, 2006. http://venus.unive.it/fall/menu/Boer.pdf 21

R. Virta, US Geological Survey, 2007. 22

www.ilo.org/ilolex

53

Asbestos (C ) 23 Asbestos ILO Asbestos - ACM . ACM ( WHO ISO ASTM) ( )

23

http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/english/convdisp1.htm

54

- ACM A-C A-C A-C (ASTM E2394 HSG189/21924 ) Asbestos Asbestos Concentration limits have been set by regulations in numerous countries for workers whose duties involve contact with ACM; ACM Asbestos Asbestos ACM ACM 24

55

Asbestos (See EPA NESHAP regulations, EPA NESHAP ) Asbestos ( ) (ESM. )25 Asbestos A-C Asbestos 26Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos ACM

25

See Basel Convention Secretariat http://www.basel.int/ 26 Asbestos

56

Asbestos . Asbestos ( ) - 27 WHO 28 .. Ployvinyl alcohol (PVA) Ploypropylene cellulose - A-C - Polypropylene-cellulose - A-C Asbestos - A-C // A-C A-C

277. Asbestos - chrysotile asbestos See Harrison PTC, et al. Comparative Hazards of Chrysotile Asbestos and Its Substitutes: A European Perspective. Envir.Health Persp. 107: 607 -611 (1999). http://www.ehponline.org/members/1999/107p607-611harrison/harrison-full.html 28

http://www.who.int/ipcs/assessment/asbestos/en/

57

Asbestos WBG EHS (GIIP)29 WBG EHS WBGs EHS Guidelines30 ACM ACM Asbestos ACM ( ) ACM The plan should be made available to all persons involved in operations and maintenance activities. ACM 31 32 Asbestos Asbestos 29 30

http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_EHSGuidelines2007_GeneralEHS/$FILE/Final+-

+General+EHS+Guidelines.pdf (pp. 71, 91, 94) 31 (examples of North American training standards are available a t: http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/training.html) 32 ASTM International E1368 Asbestos E2356 Asbestos E2394 - Asbestos

58

33 - Asbestos . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_EHSGuidelines2007_GeneralEHS/$FILE/Final+-+General+EHS+Guidelines.pdf (pp. 71, 91, 94)

59

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

- Asbestos

References

ACM - ACM CM

:

- Asbestos ACM Asbestos

- ( P) KH- ( P) - (

60

P) - TKB Shili (IFC )

- Abestos -

WHO (www.who.org) www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/Publications_and_Documents_prevention_guidelines.pdf(p. 70) www.searo.who.int/en/Section23/Section1108/Section1835/Section1864_8658.htm (ISO) (www.iso.org) ISO 10312 (1995): -- Asbestos -- [ASTM D6281 ] ISO 13794 (1999): Asbestos Indirect-transfer transmission electron microscopy method ISO/FDIS 16000-7: : Asbestos ISO 8672: -- phase contrast optical microscopy -- (1993) [AIA RTM1 ] (www.basel.int) (www.ilo.org) , ICSC 0014: www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/ cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc00/icsc0014.htm (europa.eu.int/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi!celexapi!prod!CELEXnumdoc&lg=EN&numdoc=32003L0018&model=guichett) Asbestos

http://www.who.org/

61

83/477/EEC 2003/18/EC ( ) - Asbestos Asbestos Phase Contrast Microscopy . (8 TWA) ASTM International (www.astm.org) Asbestos - ( ) - Andrw F. Oberta MPH CIH E2356 E2394 E1368 Asbestos Asbestos E2356 ACM ASTM E2356 ACM ACM ( ) Asbestos Asbestos E2394 ( ) Asbestos- E1368 ( ) Asbestos E2308 ()

62

Transmission Electron Microscopy Direct Transfer (TEM) Asbestos D6281 Asbestos Asbestos Phase Contrast Microscopy D7201- Asbestos Phase Contrast Microscopy (Transmission Electron Microscopy ) NIOSH 7400 7402 (www.ascc.gov.au/ascc/AboutUs/Publications/NationalStandards/ListofNationalCodesofPractice.htm) sbestos [NOHSC: 2002 (2005)] Asbestos [NOHSC: 2018 (2005)] (http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/index.htm) Asbestos (http://www.opsi.gov.uk/si/si2006/20062739.htm) Asbestos (http://www.hse.gov.uk/asbestos/essentials/index.htm). - Asbestos INDG289 08/01 C600 Asbestos ( ) MDHS100 Asbestos () Asbestos MDHS100 ACM Asbestos ASTM ACM HSG189/2. Asbestos () Asbestos Asbestos () Asbestos / Asbestos

63

(http://www.nibs.org/pubsasb.html) - Asbestos O & M () Asbestos ACM Abestos - () (http://www.on-norm.at/index_e.html) ONORM M 9406, Asbestos , . ACM Chrysotile (www.chrysotile.com). [ Abestos ] (RTM1) light microscopy ( ) Asbestos Asbestos Phasse Contrast Microscopy (RTM2) Scanning Electron Microscopy Asbestos Phase Contrast Microscopy Asbestos (www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/asbestos) Asbestos (www.cdc.gov/ niosh/pdfs/0041.pdf) (www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/ asbestos/#prevention) 7400, PCM Asbestos () m : AIA RTM1 Phase Contrast Microscopy 7402 TEM Asbestos (). m m : Asbestos Transmission Electron Microscopy

64

(www.epa.gov/asbestos) ACM ACBM ( ) - M - Asbestos. 40 CFR Part 61. () ACM ACM ; ; disposal of ACM and waste material in approved landfills ACM 20T-2003 Asbestos - Asbestos () Guidance document (O&M) O&M O&M O&M EPA-600/R-93/116 Asbestos () Asbestos Polarized Light Microscopy Gravimetry X-ray diffraction Transmission Electron Microscopy Asbestos Polarized Light Microscopy Asbestos Asbestos Polarized Light Microscopy Gravimetry X-ray diffraction Transmission Electron Microscopy ( ) (www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos) / (www.osha.gov/SLTC/asbestos/standards.html) Asbestos ( ) 29CFR1926.1101. (1994). Regulations for: (

65

) f/cc f/ml PEL work practices for friable and non-friable ACM ACM OSHA 160 Asbestos (). NIOSH 7400 Phase Contrast Microscopy Ontario Ministry of Labour () (www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/DBLaws/Source/Regs/English/2005/R05278_e.htm) 278/05 Asbestos (). - respiratory protection and work procedures Abestos Abestos Asbestos (Phase Contrast Microscopy f/cc) WorkSafe British Columbia () (www2.worksafebc.com/publications/OHSRegulation/Part6.asp) - Asbestos -ACM Asbestos (www.acts.co.za/ohs/index.htm - type asbestos in search box) Asbestos , - Phase Contrast Microscopy TWA f/cc Asbestos Asbestso

66

- Asbestos Asbestos

Asbestos

(polyvinyl alcohol polypropylene) /cellulose ( ) - (Parry) (Harveytile) (Dekra ) uPVC polypropylene polyethylene (Worldroof)

Asbestos- ( )

/cellulose ( ) - gypsum (BHP Gypsum) polystyrene ( ) polystyrene (Alucabond)

Asbestos- - polyethylene plyvinyl chloride () polyester : cellulose- cellulose/PVA - polyester ( )

Asbestos-

Cellulose- polyethylene PVA-cellulose -

Asbestos- cellulose- PVC

67

( ) - Asbestos . . - Asbestos . Asbestos (ACM) Asbestos ACM - ( ) . ACM Asbestos . ACM

68

. . ACM Asbestos ( - ILO ) ACM . . ACM . ACM . .

( ) Asbestos

.

Asbestos ACM

-

69

- - - - ACM - - ACM 34 - ACM CM . 35

Asbestos

34Asbestos EHS http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/sustainability.nsf/AttachmentsByTitle/gui_EHSGuidelines2007_WasteManagement/$FILE/Final+-+Waste+Management+Facilities.pdf 35Asbestos sbestos batement and Management in Buildings: Model Guide Specification

70

. ACM

-