Muckraker

Direct Primary

Initiative

Referendum

Recall

Suffrage

Social Darwinism

Income Tax

Progressive Era - period from 1898 to 1917 when reformers won many changes to improve American life

Progressives believed that the public interest should guide all government actions.

Based on the ideas of biologist Charles Darwin

People should be judged by the “survival of the fittest” principle

Government should not directly help the poor

Andrew Carnegie's Gospel of Wealth argued that the rich should give money to charities that allowed people to help themselves

Movement that sought to help the poor and immigrants based on the principles of Christianity (charity and justice)

Churches started social programs, child care, gyms and aid to the poor

Salvation Army and YMCA both came from this movement

Use Chapters 4, 6, and your notes to answer the following questions

1.What was Booker T Washington’s main argument for the way African Americans could reach equality?

2.What was W. E. B. DuBois’ main argument for the way African Americans could reach equality?

3.What was the main belief of Social Darwinism?

4.What was the main belief of the Social Gospel?

Primaries were adopted nationwide in which voters could choose their party’s candidate from among several people

16th Amendment (1913) – gave Congress the power to impose an income tax

17th Amendment (1913) – gave voters the right to directly elect U.S. Senators

Initiatives Process in which certain citizens propose a new law directly on the ballot

Referendums Process that allows citizens to approve or reject a law passed by a legislature

Political Reforms

Recalls allow voters to remove an elected official from office

Political Reforms

Objective: To examine the major political reforms of the Progressive Era.

Graphic Organizer: Progressive Political Reforms

Party leaders pick candidates for state and local offices

Only members of state legislatures can introduce bills

Only legislators pass laws

Only courts or legislature can remove corrupt officials

Voters select their party’s candidates

Voters can propose bills to the legislature or ballot

Voters can vote on bills directly passed by legislature

Voters can remove elected officials from office

PRIMARY

INITIATIVE

REFERENDUM

RECALL

Think about the biggest problem we have at school and describe it and why it’s a problem. How could you use one of the Progressive reforms (initiative or referendum) to fix that problem if they were available to you at school and why you would choose that method over the other two? (About One Page)

Named by President Teddy Roosevelt

Journalist who uncovered wrongdoing in politics and business

Raked through the mud to expose the truth to the public

Muckrakers and Reform Efforts

Problem: Corruption in government, political bosses, crime and other safety problems in cities

Muckraker: Lincoln Steffens, wrote The Shame of Cities

Reform: His book led to the election of progressives who worked to fixed the problems described in his book

Muckrakers and Reform Efforts

Problem: Unfair business practices by Standard Oil and other trusts.

Muckraker: Ida Tarbell, journalist for McClures

Reform: Her stories led to demands for tighter control of trusts.

Sherman Ant-trust Act outlawed monopolies

Muckrakers and Reform Efforts

Problem: Destruction of Natural Resources (Forests)

Muckraker: Gifford Pinchot, first chief of the US Forrest Service

Reform: Believed in the planned and efficient use of natural resources so they would be available to future generations, Expanded the National Park System

Muckrakers and Reform Efforts

Problem: Filthy, unsanitary conditions in the meatpacking industry.

Muckraker: Upton Sinclair, author of The Jungle

Reform: Laws were passed to improve meat inspection.

Food and Drug Administration

(FDA)

More Reforms caused by The Jungle

YEAR LAW PURPOSE

1906Meat

Inspection Act

Forced meat packers to allow more inspection of their meat

1906Pure Food and Drug

Act

Ingredients were required on all food and drug items

You are a concerned citizen who has just finished reading The Jungle by Upton Sinclair. Write a letter to president Roosevelt in which you tell him the problems with the meat factories and what you believe should be done about it.

Letter should be about one page.

Movement to give women the right to vote

Started by Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Sojourner Truth a former slave a key abolitionist also campaigned for Women’s Suffrage in her famous speech “Ain’t I a Women”

Alice Paul formed the National Woman’s Party (NWP)

NWP organized protests around the nation in support of women’s suffrage

In front of the Geneva Headquarters of the National Woman's Party. (Alice Paul, second from the left)

On March 3, 1913, charismatic and devoted women's suffrage leader Alice Paul organized a massive suffrage parade down Pennsylvania Avenue the day before President Woodrow Wilson's inauguration.

Women's suffrage protest in front of the White House, February 1917

Read the handout The Mother who Saved Suffrage and answer the following questions

1. What was the state that became the 36th and final state needed to ratify the 19th amendment?

2. Who cast the deciding vote for the 19th amendment?

3. What did the red rose worn by Harry Burn represent?

4. What did Burn receive before the vote and what did it cause him to do?

5. How did Burn explain his actions the next day?6. If you had been Harry Burn what would you have

done?

19th Amendment (1920) gave women the right to vote Tennessee was the 36th (final state needed) to

ratify the amendment Anne Dallas Dudley - President of the Tennessee

Equal Suffrage Association , Vice president of the NAWSA, led campaign for 19th amendment in TN

Gov. Al Roberts- TN governor, called special legislation session to vote on 19th amendment

19th Amendment passed by one vote in TN legislature (49-48)

Harry Burn – casted deciding vote in TN legislature, originally going to vote against amendment but got letter from his mama asking him to vote for it

Dear Son: Hurrah and vote for suffrage! Don't keep them in doubt! I notice some of the speeches against. They were bitter. I have been watching to see how you stood, but have not noticed anything yet. Don't forget to be a good boy and help Mrs. Catt put the "rat" in ratification. Your mother

Anti-suffragists became very enraged when they discovered the news of Burn's decision. There is an apocryphal story that after the vote was ratified, angry anti-suffragists chased Burn through the Tennessee Legislature Hall, and Burn was forced to conceal himself for a short time until the tense situation had been defused

Book that documents the role of women and men in the women’s suffrage movement

Tennessee was the perfect 36 because it was the 36th state to vote for the 19th amendment

Tennessee was the final state needed for ratification

Square Deal- Roosevelt program that promised Americans a nation where everyone would have an equal chance to succeed.

TR Takes on the Trusts

· Roosevelt felt that the government should control or break up bad trusts (monopolies).

Roosevelt earned a reputation as a trustbuster.

Candidates - 1912 Presidential Election

Theodore Roosevelt

William Howard Taft

Woodrow Wilson

Progressive Party (Bull

Moose Party)

Republican Party Democratic Party

+ =

* Woodrow Wilson won the election.

President Woodrow Wilson’s New Freedom

Policy / Act Purpose

Federal Trade Commission (1914)

Stopped businesses from using unfair business

practices, had to approve mergers of companies

Federal Reserve Act (1913)

Regulated banking and currency, controlled the

money supply and interest rates