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The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains that all matter is made up of tiny particles. These atoms and molecules are constantly in motion. KINETIC ENERGY is energy due to motion.
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Heat, Thermal Energy and Temperature
… No—they are not all the same thing!
BACK TO BASICS: KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
Kinetic = Movement Molecular = Molecules
So, we will be discussing how Molecules move.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
The Kinetic Molecular Theory explains that all matter is made up of tiny particles.
These atoms and molecules are constantly in motion.KINETIC ENERGY is energy due to motion.
STATES AND MOLECULAR MOTION
Particles of substances move at different speeds depending on their state:
SOLID
GAS
LIQUID
SOLID
ICE = Solid• Close together• Particles vibrate slightly, but do not change position
• Lowest KINETIC ENERGY
LIQUIDWater = Liquid
• Farther apart • Particles vibrate more and move around within a set volume.
• Greater KINETIC ENERGY
GAS
Steam = Gas• Furthest apart• Particles vibrate greatly and move around to take all volume available
• Highest KINETIC ENERGY
HEAT VS. TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE DEFINED!Temperature is the average of the kinetic energy of ALL the particles of a substance.
The movement of particles is what we measure as temperature.
Temperature is measured in degrees Fahrenheit, Celsius and/or Kelvin.
MEDIUM TEMPERATURE
=medium average kinetic energy
= moderately moving particles
ROOM TEMPERATURE ENERGY DRINK
TEMPERATURELOWEST TEMPERATURE
=lowest average kinetic energy
= slowest moving particles
FRAPPUCCINO
HIGHEST TEMPERATURE
=highest average kinetic energy
= fastest moving particles
VANILLA BEAN LATTÉ
MEASURING TEMPERATURE:
TEMPERATURE SCALES: CELSIUS VS. FAHRENHEIT
Two temperature scales that are commonly encountered as measures of temperature are: CELSIUS AND FAHRENHEIT
HEAT AND THERMAL ENERGY DEFINED!
Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of all the particles in a substance.
o Thermal energy = all kinetic energy + all potential energy• Kinetic energy is the energy of movement.• Potential energy is the energy of position = how much the particles
vibrate, and therefore how much space they take up.Heat is the transfer of thermal energy
Heat flows from higher thermal energy to lower thermal energy
MEASURING THERMAL ENERGY
Cold Cup of Espresso=Lower temperature
= lower thermal energy
Hot cup of Espresso=Higher temperature
= higher thermal energy
TEMPERATURE = average kinetic energy
THERMAL ENERGY = total kinetic energy
BUT…Hot cup of Espresso
=Higher temperature
= lower thermal energy because it has WAY fewer particles
Water Tower with warm water
= Lower temperature
= higher thermal energy because it has WAY more particles
WHY DOES SOMETHING FEEL COLD???
Why does your hand get cold when you hold a Slurpee???
Hand = higher thermal energy=higher kinetic energy= fast moving particles
Slurpee= lower thermal energy=lower kinetic energy= slower moving particles
WHY DOES SOMETHING FEEL COLD???
Thermal Energy transfers from the hand (high) to the Slurpee (low) as the particles in the hand collide with the particles in
the cup.Your brain registers this loss in energy as COLDNESS
The opposite is true for hotness
SO HOW IS HEAT ENERGY DIFFERENT THAN TEMPERATURE?
… SOMETHING INTERESTING…
HOW POWERFUL IS HEAT??? Important
Preface:As temperature increases… volume tries to increase… and when it can’t… pressure increases…
