Connecting HemispheresBy, Samantha Conforti

Mesoamerica Olmec were known for religious

ceremonies, pyramids, plazas and sculpture.

Zapotec had urban centers, a written language and a calendar

Mayans, Aztecs and Incas had art, special jobs, written language, government, science/technology, religion, cities, taxes and social classes making it a civilization

Mesoamerica (Maya)

Invented a calendar 365 days in a year Worshiped gods (polytheistic) Numeral system including a zero Stone carvings and jade ornaments Artisans, merchants, warriors 800 hieroglyphics Slash and burn agriculture Pyramids, temples palaces Everyone wasn’t equal, ruler-subject/rich-poor

peasants

merchants

Priest and leading warriors

ruler

Social pyrami

d

Mesoamerica (Aztecs) Polytheistic Fought wars to gain prisoners for Human sacrifice Vast human sacrifice Nobles were warriors; priests came from best families; merchants formed

their own social class; artisans did creative, skilled work; laborers and farmers

Quetzalcoatl, fair skinned god. Aztecs would flourish when he came back, they thought Cortez was Quetzalcoatl so they let him in, allowing the Spanish to conquer them

Maize, leather goods, vegetables, pottery, chocolate, gold, silver, jade, and jaguar skin were sold in markets

Pyramids and pillars Merchants and artisans Pictorial language Tribute made to government Raised roads, Chiapas (floating bed for crops), sunstones Tenochtitlan 5-15 million, planned cities

Mesoamerica (Incas) Capitol Cuzco Economic base was farming Worshiped sun god Information kept on the quipu Everyone was taken care of by the government Engineering Oral history, quipu, quechua Theocracy, rulers were descendants from the sun god Irrigation systems, terrace farming Tribute paid in labor Extended family group

Renaissance

Development of romance languages, French, Spanish, Italian and Portuguese Latin, educated persons language Growth in humanism, importance pleased on uniqueness of human beings Interest in secular themes and religion Middle class had money to spend on art Questioning spiritual teachings of the catholic church Rebirth of the interest of Greece and Rome Splits in the church Art and literature

476 500-1500 1600

Roman empire middle ages renaissance

Important people in art and literature

Medici family, family that supported the arts (patrons) Donatello, sculpture of David, first free standing nude Michelangelo, st. peters basilica, David, fostered with a stone mason,

Sistine chapel Da Vinci, notebooks, inventor, illegitimate, sculpted Raphael, pictures of may and baby Jesus Petrarch, wrote poetry about the ideal woman Boccaccio, wrote with sarcasm Decameron Machiavelli, diplomat, wrote the prince a political guide book (do

anything to stay in power) Durer, woodcuts and engraving, landscaping, religious subjects

Important people in art and literature

Van Eyck, court painter, painted vivid detail and personalities Bruegel, painted real life events, many colors Erasmus, praise of folly Thomas more, tried to reform England, was beheaded because of the

latter, wrote utopia (ideal place) Rabelais, wrote almanacs, humans should rely on instincts Shakespeare, wrote stories relating to peoples emotions, comedies,

tragedies and histories, Romeo and Juliet, hamlet Guttenberg, printing press, he brought movable type to England

Split in churchChristian Church

10

56

Roman Catholic

1500

Roman Catholic

Eastern Orthodox

Protestant

Anglican Calvinist Lutheran AnabaptistPuritan Congregationalist

Methodist

Episcopal

Quaker

Baptist

reformed church

Presbyterian

Amish

Mennonite

Reformation 1517

1520

1521

1524

1555

1534

1559

Luther posts his 95 theses on church door

Luther is excommunicated

Luther declared and outlaw

German peasant revolt

Peace of Augsburg is signed

Parliament approves act of supremacy Parliament

establishes Anglican church

Reformation Protestant reformation

Causes; roman catholic is too worldly Humanist want simple religion Kings who resent power of the pope and church Luther writes 95 theses Printing press=people educated=spread of ideas and reformers

call for change

Effects; peasant revolts Emperor power declines Other forms start Religious wars Catholic reformation takes place A rise in inquisition Jews forced out of Europe

Reformation Jesuits are missionaries who spread Catholicism and stop protestants Jesuits founded and staffed schools Council of Trent was dedicated to keep Catholicism Pope Paul III was responsible for the council of Trent Pope Paul IV carried out the latter popes ideas Protestant church grows Church power declines King power increases No united religion in Europe Calvanism-people are sinful by nature Presbyterianism- based on Calvinism, community church Anabaptism- only adults can be baptized, church separate by state, didn’t fight in

wars John Calvin and Martian Luther Leader of protestant reformation

Ottoman and Safavid empire Osman founder of the ottomans, started out as a small Muslim stare Anatolia Murad II, resorted military Mehmet II (1453), overtook Constantinople and made it Istanbul Suleiman the grim, defeated safavias, Syria, Palestine, Mecca, Medirna and

Cairo Suleiman

social achievements; social structure, Law code, Limit taxes Decline in bureaucracy

cultural achievements; poetry History, Geography, astronomy, astronomy, math, architecture

o Ismail, a ruler of the safaid empire that helped them rise to power by conquesto Carpets influenced the safaid empire; Persian rug industryo Shite Islamo Continued conflict among Muslims

China, Japan and Europe interact Europeans had compass’ astrolabe and caravans to help explore and trade European exploration increased tension inside Europe Treaty of tordesillas was an agreement to separate the exploration world; line of demarcation

was the line that separated the world Columbus found the “new world” opening up a vast exploration ageo Only the government was allowed to conduct tradeo Trade only available at specific portso China would only trade with Dutch; to trade with the Chinese you had to accept the

restrictions and apply Japanese customs. British didn’t, the Dutch did.o During the Ming there was exploration in the 1st half, 2nd half closed country Japan went into isolationism under tokugawa shogunate. Nothing was imported or exported Portuguese, once let to explore introduced many items, including firearms influencing the

samurai Japan let Christian missionaries in then once they went back into a closed country policy if

the missionaries from Europe didn’t get out they were prosecuted

A map created in 1587

China’s interaction1400

1500

1600

Ming dynasty ends

oversea exploration

Ming allows

Europeans to trade

only at canton

Forced them to

leave after each

trading season

British pressure

Qing dynasty

open cities but

Chinese limit

trade

Slave trade Started because of the demand for Africans to do manual labor, they had

immunity to some disease and they could farm 1500-1600 , 300,000 Africans were brought to work on Spanish plantations Slave trade became huge when slaves were brought to the Americas England dominated the slave trade (1.7 million)and presence in America African rulers and merchants played an active role, they captured other Africans to

sell to Europeans.. Africans brought to America were part of the triangular trade.

One trade route manufactured goods went from Europe to west Africa, then from Africa came slaves that went to the west indies. There sugar, coffee and tobacco and sailed to Europe

Another trade route rum went form new England colonies to west Africa. Traders brought Africans to the west indies and sold them for sugar. Then the sugar was sold to the rum producers in new England.

Slaves taken from Africa

1500-1600 1700 1690-18060

2000000

4000000

6000000

8000000

10000000

12000000

14000000

16000000

18000000

Required vocab Arable; capable of growing and sustaining cropsArtisan; a skilled worker, who makes goods by handsBureaucracy; a system of departments and agencies formed to carry out the work of governmentsCity-state; a city and its surrounding lands functioning as an independent political unitCivilization; a form of culture characterized by cities. Specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping and advances technologyContinent; one of the main landmasses of the globe, usually reckoned as seven in numberCultural diffusion; the spreading of ideas or products from one culture to anotherCulture; a peoples unique way of lifeDemocracy; a government controlled by its citizensDomestication; taming of animals for human useDynasty; a series of rulers from a single familyEmpire; a political unit in which a number of peoples are controlled by a single rulerEthnocentrism; one culture thinking that their culture is the bestGolden age; a time of peace and prosperity with little to no wars and advances in literature, since, technology and artInterdependence; the quality or condition of being interdependent, or mutually reliant on each otherLatitude; the angular distance north or south from the equatorLongitude; the angular distance east or west from the prime meridianMandate of heaven; the divine approval thought to be the basis of royal authorityMigration; the act of moving from one place to settle in anotherMonarchy; the government in which the power is in the hands of a single person Monotheism; the religious belief in only one godPhilosophers; a thinker who uses logic and reason to investigate the nature of the universe, human society and moralityPolytheism; the religious belief in more than one godSpecialization; a development of skills in a particular kind of work, such as trading or record keepingSubcontinent; a large landmass that forms a distinct part of a continentTechnology; the ways in which people apply knowledge tools and inventions to meet their needsTheocracy; a government in which the ruler is viewed as divine figureTraditional economy; a government system based on the needs of a civilization

Related vocab to Ch. IVAbsolute monarch; a king or queen who has unlimited powerAnnul; to cancel or set asideCabinet; a group of advisors chosen by the head of a country to help make government decisionsCapitalism; an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures to make a profitColony; a land controlled by another nationConquistador; Spanish soldiersConstitutional monarchy; a system of governing in which the rulers power is limited by lawCreoles; colonist born in Latin America but to Spanish parentsDivine right; the idea that monarchs are gods representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to godEncomienda; a grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americasfavorable balance of trade; an economic situation I which a country sells more goods abroad than it buysGhazi; a warrior or IslamGlorious revolution; the bloodless overthrow of English king James IIGlyph; a symbolic picture used as part of writingMestizo; a person of mixed Spanish and native American ancestryMiddle passage; the voyage that brought captured Africans to the west indies and later to north and south America to be sold as slavesMulatto; persons of mixed European and African ancestryPatron; a person who supports artistPeninsulares; Spanish colonial society, colonist born in Spain

The earliest Americans...

a) Hunted big gameb) Domesticated animalsc) Had simple societies

The Chavin and the Nazca and Moche south American society's were in common in they both...

a) Had irrigation systemsb) had artc) Had the Nazca lines

The Mayans...

a) Were a complex societyb) Were a nomadic societyc) Was famous for domestication

Which of the following was an Aztec city?

a) Tenochtitlanb) Jamestownc) Cuzco

The Aztecs had...

a) 39 provincesb) 38 provincesc) 52 province

The Aztecs had, that no one else had was the...

a) Chiampasb) Calendarc) Number system

What kind of government did the Incas have?

a) Republicb) Dictatorshipc) theocracy

The social class of the Incan government was...

a) Was a caste systemb) Was defined but you were able to

move positionsc) Extended family group

The Incas were located...

a) Near a riverb) Near and on mountainsc) On a plateau

What was the renaissance?

a) The time in Europe during the crusades

b) A time of prosperity with many warsc) A time of peace and prosperity

What did the renaissance writers write about?

a) Fantasiesb) Love storiesc) Things that reflected what was going

on

What were artist considered?

a) Peasantsb) Genius'sc) philosophers

Why was the Medici family so important?

a) They were great artistb) they patronized artistc) They wrote books

Da Vinci was from...

a) Florenceb) Spainc) Portugal

What was the educated language of Europe?

a) Latinb) Spanishc) English

What are the romance languages

a) French, roman, Italian, Englishb) Latin, French, Gaelic, Albanianc) French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese

What happened first?

a) Middle agesb) Renaissancec) Roman empire

What led to reformation?

a) The crusadesb) Questioning ideas and religionsc) Education decreasing

What are the main forms of protestant catholic?

a) Anglican, eastern orthodox, roman catholic

b) Anglican, Calvinist, Lutheran, Anabaptist

c) Methodist, Anglican, roman, eastern

Why did Luther post the 95 theses?

a) To support the churchb) To reform the churchc) To convert people to Muslim

Which statement is false?

a) The presents revolted due to the protestant reformation

b) The Jews were welcomed into Europe after the protestant reformation

c) There were religious wars as an effect of the reformation

What led to the renaissance?

a) End of the crusadesb) The pope making new lawsc) A new ruler

John Calvin didn’t believe in...

a) Indulgencesb) That people were sinnersc) predestination

The most influential ruler of the ottoman empire was?

a) Lutherb) Suleimanc) Stalin

What new industry came to the safavid empire due to western influence?

a) Potatoes industryb) Stone carved artc) Persian rugs

People were taken from Africa to Europe and the new world...

a) To have a fresh start in lifeb) To work on farms and do manual laborc) To take care of European children

1) A2) B3) A4) A5) B6) A7) C8) C9) B10) C11) C12) C13) A

14) A15) C16) C17) B

18) B19) B20) A21) A22) B23) B24) C25) B

answers