© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college Variation and classification Variation Classification 7D 7D Variation and classification

© OUP: To be used solely in purchaser’s school or college

Variation and classification

Variation

Classification

7D

7D Variation and classification


Variation



How many different types of living things are there on Earth?

Do members of the same species look exactly the same?

7D Variation – What is a species?

Scientists have identified almost 2 million different types of living things.

Each different type of living thing is called a species.

Many more are yet to be discovered and scientists estimate there could be up to 30 million different types of living things!


7D Variation – Similar but different

Members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring.

A species is a group of living things with similar features.

All dogs are members of the same species but they don't all look the same.


7D Variation – Similar but different

Name 5 ways in which these dogs are similar.

Name 5 ways in which these dogs are different.


Differences between members of the same species are called variation.

7D Variation – What is variation?


Give 5 examples of variation between humans.

What do you think causes variation?

7D Variation – What is variation?


7D Variation – Causes of variation

Which type of variation is described by each definition?

A This type of variation is passed on in genes from

parent to offspring.

B This type of variation is

influenced by living conditions and surroundings.

Variation is caused by environmental or inherited factors.

environmentalinherited


How many inherited characteristics can you think of?

Blood group is another example of inherited variation.Your blood group will never change.

In humans, inherited characteristics include the colour of your eyes and hair.

7D Variation – Inherited factors

Inherited variation is caused by the genes passed on from parent to offspring.


Environmental variation is caused by differences in living conditions and surroundings.

Climate and food supply are environmental factors that influence all living things.

How might these factors cause variation?

7D Variation – Environmental factors


7D Variation – Environmental factors

Name another way in which their environment may have influenced these people.

Your country and culture can cause environmental variation.

For humans, environmental factors can influence the way you look, speak and how you do things.

A Sikh grows his hair long because it part of

his culture.

A Buddhist monk shaves off all his hair because it is

part of his culture.


7D Variation – Inherited factors

Can you think of other inherited characteristics that might be affected by environmental factors?

Some musicians are born with natural talent for music, but they have to practise to to play really well.

Some inherited characteristics can be affected by environmental factors.


Decide which characteristics are inherited, environmental or both?

7D Variation – Inherited, environmental or both?

inherited environmental both

blood group

wears glasses

tongue rolling

freckles

speaks Italian

dyed pink hair

natural eye colour

height

Welsh accent


7D Variation – Variation in plants

Are plants also affected by environmental conditions?

Sunflowers were grown in a warm environment under different conditions of soil, water and sunlight.

Experiment Fertile soil Water Sunlight Results

3

2

1

4


What are the best conditions for growth of the sunflowers?

How might sunflower growth be affected if grown in a cooler environment?

How could you test your prediction?

7D Variation – Variation in plants

Experiment Fertile soil Water Sunlight Results

3

2

1

4


7D Variation – True or false?

1. Members of the same species all look exactly the same.

True or False

Click on the box to start the quiz

1. Members of the same species all look exactly the same.

FALSE! Members of the same species have similar features but do not look exactly the same.

6. The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited characteristic.

TRUE! Have you inherited this type of variation?

6. The ability to roll your tongue is an inherited characteristic.5. Identical twins are more alike than most but even they are not exactly the same.

TRUE! Identical twins inherit the same features but they have different fingerprints.

5. Identical twins are more alike than most but even they are not exactly the same. 4. Variation caused by environmental factors can be passed from parent to offspring.

FALSE! Only inherited characteristics are passed from parent to offspring.

4. Variation caused by environmental factors can be passed from parent to offspring.3. Variation only occurs in animals.

FALSE! Variation occurs in all living things, including plants.

3. Variation only occurs in animals. 2. Only living things that are members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring.

TRUE! Some species can be interbred. A mule is a cross between a horse and a

donkey, but it cannot produce fertile offspring.

2. Only living things that are members of the same species can breed together to produce fertile offspring.


Classification



7D Classification – Sorting living things

Living things can be grouped based on the similarities and differences between them.

For example, all cats are similar to other cats, but very different from caterpillars.


7D Classification – Sorting living things

What two groups would you classify these living things into?

Sorting similar living things into groups is called classification.

starfish

hamster

horsechestnut tree

wheat

daisies

polar bear

butterfly


Classification starts by sorting all living things into 5 main groups called kingdoms.

Can different plants and animals be sorted into groups?

Most living things belong to the animal kingdom or the plant kingdom.

Living things

7D Classification – Kingdoms

fungi plants ProtoctistaProkaryotesanimals


7D Classification – Classifying animals

Where does it live?

Is it covered in feathers?

Is it bigger than a dog?

How many legs does it have? Does it have

a backbone?

What other questions could you ask to classify animals?

Which of these questions is the most important when classifying animals?

There are lots of questions you might ask to continue classifying animals into smaller groups.


7D Classification - Vertebrates and invertebrates

The most important question to ask when classifying animals is: Does it have a backbone?

So the animal kingdom is divided into 2 groups:

animal kingdom

animals with backbones

animals without backbones

elephantbird

fish

crab

worm

spider

snail


7D Classification - Vertebrates and invertebrates

These two groups of animals are given special names:

Which name describes which group of animals?

Which group do humans belong to?

invertebrates

vertebrates

animal kingdom

animals with backbones

animals without backbones


7D Classification - Vertebrates

Vertebrates are classified into 5 groups.

Complete the table of features for each type of vertebrate.

mammals birds reptiles amphibians fish

body covering

how it breathes

where it lives

how offspring are produced

hairy or furry skin

soft, moist skin (no scales)

lungs

mostly on land

lay eggs (in water)

lungs lungs lungs gills

featherstough skin with scales

scales

mostly on land

on landon land and

in waterin water

most young born alive

lay eggs lay eggs lay eggs


7D Classification – Naming living things

Classification divides each kingdom of living things into smaller and smaller groups.

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Plant

Vascular

Lilidae

Monocotyledon

Liliaceae

Narcissus

pseudonarcissus

Animal

Chordata

Mammal

Carnivore

Canine

Canis

familiaris


7D Classification – Naming living things

Scientists give all living things a special name with two parts:- the first part is the Genus name - the second part is species name

The scientific name for a domestic dog is Canis familiaris.

What is the scientific name for a daffodil?

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Family

Genus

Species

Animal

Chordata

Mammal

Carnivore

Canine

Canis

familiaris

Plant

Vascular

Lilidae

Monocotyledon

Liliaceae

Narcissus

pseudonarcissus


Living things have different “common” names in different languages.

All living things have the same scientific name in any language.

How does scientific classification make it easier for international scientists to talk about living things?

7D Classification – Why is classification important?

Carassius auratusscientific name

pesce rossoItalian

GoldfischGerman

pez de coloresSpanish

poisson rougeFrench

goldfishEnglish


7D Classification – Quiz

2. The largest type of group of living things is called a…

a) kingdom.

b) queendom.

c) princedom.

1. Sorting things into groups is called…

a) magnification.

b) fabrication.

c) classification.



3. The smallest type of group of living things is called a…

a) vertebrate.

b) species.

c) fungus.

4. Why do scientists classify living things into groups?

a) To list living things in alphabetical order.

b) To see how living things are related to each other.

c) To arrange living things in order of size.



6. What do vertebrates have in common?

a) They all walk backwards.

b) They all have a backpack.

c) They all have a backbone.

5. Animals are divided into two main groups called…

a) cats and dogs.

b) fish and mammals.

c) vertebrates and invertebrates.



8. Dolphins live in water and give birth to live young that feed off their mother's milk. What kind of vertebrate are dolphins?

a) Mammals.

b) Fish.

c) Amphibians.

7. What is the body covering on reptiles?

a) Soft, moist skin with no scales.

b) Soft, moist skin with scales.

c) Tough, hard skin with scales.



10. The first part of the scientific naming system is…

a) the Genius.

b) the Genus.

c) the Genie.

9. The scientific name for a domestic cat is…

a) Tiddles.

b) Moggius domesticus.

c) Felis catus.

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