1890 -1920

People who worked to reform the ills of society

They wished to alleviate the effects of industrialization, immigration, and urbanization. 1

Susan B. Anthony & Elizabeth

Cady Stanton

Purity Crusaders Societies of citizens that worked

to stop the corrupt political machines by supporting honest candidates for office.

They demanded legislation to end social vices (immoral behavior), such as the use of alcohol, drugs, prostitution and gambling.

2

Settlement Movement

Reformers who worked to help the urban poor.

They would “settle” in poor immigrant neighborhoods so they could become directly involved in the lives of the poor.

3

Hull House The most famous and successful

“settlement house” for the poor in Chicago.

Established by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr in 1889.

Provided child-care, playgrounds, children’s summer camps, immigration legal services, and a health clinic.

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Jane Addams

c. 1896

Hull House

Hull House Museum in

Chicago today

Journalists and writers who dug up “muck” in society

They wrote about corruption in big business and politics and the terrible conditions in tenements, factories, and sweatshops.

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Immigrant from Denmark (1870) Lived in NYC tenements as a young

man. Became a newspaper reporter. Wrote How the Other Half Lives. His pictures of NYC tenements

exposed the terrible living conditions.

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Wrote The Jungle, a novel which described in detail the filthy and dangerous working conditions in Chicago slaughterhouses.

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Upton Sinclair

Corrupt political machines and their “bosses” had to be eliminated.

Cities had to provide water and sanitation services .

Cities had to pass safety codes protecting people at home and work.

Most effective change was the creation of City council/City manager system (started in Galveston, Texas).

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Before the Progressive Era, ordinary citizens had very little real power in government. They could vote, but corrupt politicians often did not carry out the will of the people when it came to the laws they passed.Most people felt they had very little voice in government decision making.

“Fighting Bob” Founded the

Progressive Party Governor of

Wisconsin from 1901 - 1906

U.S. Senator from 1906 - 1925

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Continued

His “Wisconsin Idea” included supporting Women’s suffrage Child labor laws Worker’s compensation Railroad reform Anti-trust laws Minimum wage laws

In 1982, historians ranked him #1 as the greatest Senator in U.S. history

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Citizens in each state now vote in state primary elections to choose the candidates to run in the general election.

These “primaries” take place during the spring before the November Presidential election.

This took power away from party leaders and gave it to the people.

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Initiate – to start If they want a certain law to be

passed in their state, the people can initiate a petition requesting that their state representatives write a law.

In the next general election, that proposed legislation will be listed on the ballot.

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In the general election for political offices, voters can vote for or against any laws that have been proposed through the initiative process.

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Bill 163 – Proposed: an act to allow the sale of alcoholic beverages at high school sporting events within the state.

Bill 204 – Proposed: an act to allow casino gambling within the state.

Example Referendum Items

Yes No

Yes No

Citizens can sign a petition demanding that a special election be held.

Then citizens can vote to remove an elected official or allow him to remain in office and finish his term.

This recently happened in Wisconsin in June of 2012 when voters believed their Governor had violated the state constitution.

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Roosevelt’s mother and wife died on the same day in 1884.

To overcome his grief, he spent 2 years working on a ranch in the Dakota badlands.

When America went to war with Spain in 1898, TR resigned as Assistant Secretary of the Navy and organized a volunteer cavalry unit called the “Rough Riders.”

Areas of most needed reform were:

Public Health Big Business Corruption Environmental Protection

26th President

1901 - 1909

Republican

New York

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Promised Americans a “Square Deal”

Saved millions of acres of national land by signing the Antiquities Act.

Supported passage of the Pure Food and Drug Act

Battled big business - “Busted” up Rockefeller’s Standard Oil Trust

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Roosevelt Taming

Big Business

Conserve – to savePeople who work to protect

natural resources, such as land, water, and timber

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El Capitan, Yosemite

General Sherman, the world's largest

living thing.

Named after Civil War General,

William Tecumseh Sherman

275 feet tall

102 feet at its base

1905Manages the

nation’s water and timber resources

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1906 Created the Food and Drug

Administration. Ingredients in food had to be

honestly labeled. Became illegal to exaggerate

drug capabilities.17

1906 The FDA would

inspect meat processing plants to insure cleanliness.

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27th President

1909 – 1913 Republican Ohio

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Chosen by TR as his “heir to the throne” in 1908.

Elected because of TR’s support.

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TR leaving the White House with Taft to

take care of his “Baby”

What was his “Baby”

?

Promised to continue progressive policies of TR.

But as President he allowed public lands to be sold to big business developers.

Angered Roosevelt

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“BFF”

Until 1912

Election

Republican Party nominates Taft again instead of TR in 1912.

So TR joins the Progressive Party and runs as a 3rd party candidate.

Says, “I feel fit as a bull moose.”

Progressive Party becomes the “Bull Moose” Party 20

TR ran as a Progressive (Bull Moose).

Taft ran as Republican. Democrat Woodrow Wilson

wins because Republicans were split between Roosevelt and Taft.

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28th President

1913 – 1921 Democrat New Jersey

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Continued some progressive reforms: Anti-monopoly legislation Created Federal Trade Commission to further

control false advertizing of products Created Federal Reserve System to aid in

controlling money supply But he did not make any reforms in civil

rights for African Americans. (He ordered the racial segregation of federal offices.)

Refused to sign woman’s suffrage legislation until after relentless protests

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1913 A network of 12 federal banks

throughout the country They hold money deposits from

national banks. Efficient way to increase the money

supply when necessary

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12 Federal Reserve Banks

1914 Stronger than the

Sherman Antitrust Act (1890)

Legalized labor unions and gave them more power

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Progressive Era Trust-Busting

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Men and women who worked to gain women’s voting rights

Early leaders (since 1840’s)Elizabeth Cady Stanton Susan B. Anthony

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Then why were these women arrested?

They were arrested and jailed for “obstructing traffic” in front of the White House.Some were even put in

psychiatric hospitals for being “emotionally unbalanced.”

Or did they go too far by comparing the president to the dictator of Germany?

The non-violent refusal to obey a law in order to change it

Suffragettes were often arrested for attempting to vote or for protesting.

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Gave Congress the power to levy an income tax.

Provides revenue for the federal government (instead of tariffs).

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Senators now elected by popular vote (the people) in each state

Before this, Senators from each state were chosen by the Legislature of their state 28

Volstead Act“Prohibition”Made the manufacture,

transport, and sale of alcoholic beverages illegal.

Loophole in law – does not outlaw consumption.

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Women’s suffrage – right to vote

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1896 Supreme Court decision that blacks could be forced to use separate facilities as long as the facilities were equal to the white ones- “Separate but equal”

Made racial segregation legal nationwide.

More states began to pass segregation laws.

Caused African Americans to be denied civil rights for another 70 years.

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The murdering of someone suspected or accused of a crime without a proper trial.

Usually refers to white violence against blacks by hanging or burning.

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A group of African Americans who met in Niagara, Canada.

They called forThe recognition of human

brotherhood among all racesFull civil liberties and rightsAn end to racial discrimination

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Founded in 1909 Determined to end discrimination

and racism Believed that civil rights could best

be won through the court system Had black and white members Still in existence today

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W.E.B. Du Bois

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Born in Massachusetts. Graduated from Fisk University in

Nashville, Tennessee. 1895 - first African-American to earn

a Ph.D. from Harvard. Taught history and sociology at

Atlanta University until 1910.

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Argued that Blacks were intellectually equal to Whites

Encouraged the “talented tenth” of African Americans to seek an advanced education (instead of just vocational training).

Argued that Blacks should demand immediate political equality

1905 - Founded the Niagara Movement 1910 - Publications director for NAACP

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Booker T. Washington

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Born into slavery in 1856. At the age 9 he went to work in a

salt furnace and then a coal mine. Age 16 - worked as a janitor to pay

his way through college. Became a teacher.

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1881 became head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a new school for training African American teachers

Encouraged African Americans to focus on economic security and vocational skills – instead of political equality with whites.

1901 wrote autobiography, Up From Slavery

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