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Sanosil C compared to Bleach

Mpy

2

1.8

1.6

1.4

1.2

1

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0Sodium Hypochlorite @ 4ppmSanosil @ 0.5ppm

This chart shows the corrosion rates of Sanosil C and bleach (12%) in a Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) study utilizing cooling make-up water of a refinery. The dose rate reflects the amount of product needed to maintain microbiological control in real life conditions.

Source: Microbiological Laboratory Evaluations of Sanosil vs Sodium Hypochlorite. Laboratory C&T TECHNOLOGY SA, 2010.

100

80

60

40

20

04 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

pH

Hypo

brom

ous

Acid

(HOB

r) -

Hypo

chlo

rous

Aci

d (H

OCI)

Dissociation of HOCI and HOBr at Different pHs

Typical Cooling Water pH

Hypochlorous Acid (HOCI) Hypobromous Acid (HOBr)

Between pH levels 8-9 HOCI and HOBr decompose rapidly.

Sanosil

By ASTM G31 Standards, Sanosil at in-use dilution has equal to or lesser corrosive effects compared to plain, uninhibited water.Lab test based on Sanosil at 30ppm and deionized water; both with no corrosive inhibitors.

Source: Corrosive Testing Laboratories, USA, 2009

Sanosil @ 30ppm Deionized Water

Mpy

10

8

6

4

2

0

Sanosil C compared to Water

Sodium Hypochlorite 25° (77°F): half life = 54.5 days

Sodium Hypochlorite 40° (104°F): half life = 7.2 days

100%

80%

60%

40%

20%

0%1 3 5 7 21 35 49 63 80 100 120 180 240 300 360

Days in Time

Sanosil 25° C (77° F)

Sanosil 40° C (104° F)

Sodium Hypochlorite 40° C (104° F)

Sodium Hypochlorite 25° C (77° F)

Storage Stability at 77º F and 104º F

Leve

l of A

ctiv

e In

gred

ient

s (%

)

Activity Mechanism

Shelf life: days to lose 50% of activity @ 104º F (40º C)

Decomposition Products

Volume Requirements

Effective pH Operating Range

Impact on pH

Impact on Conductivity

Potential microbial resistance

Three: Oxidation, Oligodynamic, and Synergistic effects

> 1 year

Oxygen, water, non-toxic silver complexes

2 - 9

None

None

None

One: Oxidizing only

7 days

Chlorates, Chlorites, Chloroamines, Trihalomethanes (THM)

5.5 - 7.5

Acid addition required to adjust

Yes

Yes

Sanosil Chlorine Bleach

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

5

4.5

4

3.5

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

NaClO Dose

NaClO Dose

Days

Dosa

ge (p

pm)

Mor

talit

y ra

te (%

)

NaClO Dose

NaClO Dose

NaClO Dose

Sanosil DoseSanosil DoseSanosil DoseSanosil Dose

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

NaClO % Bacteria Mortality Sanosil % Bacteria Mortality NaClO Dosage ppm Sanosil Dosage ppm

Bacterial Control Comparing Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) and Sanosil in Make-up Water + 1000ppm Glycol

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

4.5

4

3.5

3

2.5

2

1.5

1

0.5

0

Days

Dosa

ge (p

pm)

Mor

talit

y ra

te (%

)

NaClO Dose

NaClO Dose

NaClO Dose

Sanosil DoseSanosil DoseSanosil DoseSanosil Dose

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Algae Control Comparing Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO) and Sanosil in Make-up Water +1000ppm Glycol

NaClO Dose

NaClO Dose

NaClO % Bacteria Mortality Sanosil % Bacteria Mortality NaClO Dosage ppm Sanosil Dosage ppm

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

Water Usage

Corrosion

Turbidity

Bacteria Count

Initial Stabilization Period

• Eradicate gross microbiological contamination

• Reverse corrosion trend

• Dislodge biofilm, reduce algae and bacteria counts

Secondary Stabilization

• Consume organic matter

• Continue to clean and stabilize system

Optimization Period

• Complete elimination of biofilm

• Dosage optimization

• Overall chemical treatment reduction

Maintenance Period

• Maintain low bacteria levels

• Ongoing efforts in cost reduction and water management

Slug Dose

Slug Dose

Slug Dose

Initial Feed Dosing as Needed To Gain Microbiolgical Control

Slug Dose

Time

Dosage

FOR SUPERIOR WATER TREATMENT IN HEAVILY FOULED SYSTEMS*

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