James Oglethorpe, Charter of 1732, Reasons for settlement,

Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove, and the City of Savannah

SS8H2Explain the importance of James

Oglethorpe, Charter of 1732, Reasons for settlement (charity, economics and

defense), Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove, and the City of Savannah

What people do I need to know?

James Edward Oglethorpe-founder of the colony; wrote the Charter of 1732 asking permission from the King; born in London, England

Robert Castell-Oglethorpe’s friend who died in prison; The city of Savannah was designed in honor of him

King George II-King of England

Chief Tomochichi-the leader of the Yamacraw Indians who became friends with Oglethorpe

Mary Musgrove-the Indian interpreter for Oglethorpe

James Edward Oglethorpe

Robert Castell

King George II

Chief Tomochichi

Mary Musgrove

James Oglethorpe Educated and wealthy Cared greatly about people and wanted to

help those in need His friend Robert Castell is jailed for not

paying his debts. He dies in prison Developed a plan that promised a fresh start

in the New World to “unfortunate but worthy individuals”

Promises King George they will be a buffer colony to protect the British from the French, Spanish and the Native Americans

The Actual Charter!!!

GOOD IDEA!!!

A buffer colony to protect the British colonies from the Spanish who were south of the colony and the Native Americans, and the French, who were west of the colony

Georgia becomes a Colony

In 1732, King George signed the Charter for Georgia to be a trustee colony for 21 years.

Oglethorpe promised that silk, dyes, wine, spices, and semitropical fruit would be sent from Georgia back to England.

This colony, like others, would create a balanced trading policy to make Great Britain self sufficient and it would be a defensive buffer to protect British colonies from the Spanish and French.

REMEMBER….

The countries want to export more than they import; colonies are expected to supply the mother country with raw materials which they will use to produce goods…..and who will they sell those goods to????

We call this mercantilism.

ESSENTIAL QUESTION Why did England create Georgia as the 13th

colony?

Three Main Reasons…..

1. Charity-allow the working poor who faced jail because of debt to start over ~ “unfortunate but worthy individuals”

2. Economics- to provide raw materials to England to help them export more than they imported~mercantilism

3. Defense- to protect the other British colonies from Indians, French and SpanishSpanish

Charter of 1732

A charter is a legal document that grants special rights and

privileges.This charter stated that the Trustees

(people who hold responsibility for others) could NOT1. Own land

2. Hold political office3. Get paid for their work

Georgia’s Charter cont’d

Catholics, Blacks, liquor dealers and lawyers could not become colonists.

What?

???

Here are the reasons….

Catholics-Church of England and the Catholic church did not get along

Blacks-So that slavery would not be introduced to the colony

Lawyers-Colonists need to settle problems on their own (out of court)

Liquor Dealers-Drinking would keep people from working

The First Georgia Colonists~ CUTE!!

The Facts

Debtors, former prisoners, or working poor never made it to Georgia during its early settlement.

The original humanitarian reasons for starting the colony were all but forgotten.

Applicants were promised 50 acres of land, tools and enough food for one year.

If you could pay your own way, you would receive 500 acres of land and permission to take 10 indentured servants.

Colonists had to agree to…

Defend the colony against all new enemies.

Land given to colonists couldn’t be sold.

Land couldn’t be borrowed against, and had to handed down to the male heir.

And… Colonists got seeds and tools

and must grow food for the colony.

They had to grow mulberry trees to attract silk worms to produce silk.

They had to obey all rules set up by trustees.

About 125 people set sail on the ship named the Ann. The voyage took about 88 days.

The Arrival James Oglethorpe and the Ann

docked at Charleston, South Carolina. They moved the next day to Port Royal (Beaufort, South Carolina) on January 14, 1733

.

Tomochichi and Mary Musgrove

Oglethorpe quickly makes friends with the Yamacraw Indians through their chief, Tomochichi. He then goes to the trading post in the village to find an interpreter.

The trading post was operated by John Musgrove and his wife , Mary. She becomes the interpreter for Oglethorpe and Tomochichi. The two men, with her help become lifelong, close friends.

Savannah

Savannah

When colonists landed at Yamacraw Bluff, they put up 4 large tents for shelter.

Within two weeks they began building the first permanent homes.

Savannah Oglethorpe has no title and very

limited power, but the colonists accept him as their leader.

He makes treaties with the Native Americans

He trains a militia, a citizen army, to defend the settlement

Savannah

Do you see the steps??

Noble Jones Oglethorpe works with surveyor

Noble Jones to design the future city of Savannah.

A tribute to a friend The basic pattern of this first planned city in

the colonies was after a design by Robert Castell, Oglethorpe’s friend who had died in a British debtor’s prison.

The Plan It was to be a city planned around open

squares.

The center of the square would be for social, political or religious gatherings.

The plan continues…

Work was done in spite of growing medical problems caused from a lack of fresh vegetables, changes in climate, poor sanitation and hard labor. 40 settlers died the first year.

Salzburgers Who: Salzburgers What: A group of protestants led by

John Martin Bolzius When: They arrived in 1734 Where: First settled in Ebenezer, but

the ground was marshy and not very productive, so they moved their settlement and named it NEW Ebenezer

Why: They came to Georgia to escape religious persecution

Highland Scots Who: Highland Scots What: A group of soldiers from

Scotland who were recruited by Oglethorpe to help colonize and defend the colony. They defeated the Spanish in the Battle of Bloody Marsh.

When:1736 Where: Built the town and fort called

Darien along the Altamaha River Why: They greatly opposed slavery

and wanted to defend the slavery free colony of Georgia

Malcontents Malcontents were people who were

unhappy and voiced their complaints to the Trustees and others.

They were unhappy with slavery, the sale of rum and ownership of land in the colony.

Their discontent was proof that the Trustees did NOT represent the changing colony of Georgia.

Malcontents…the rest of the story

The new laws were NOT popular Things were not going as planned in

the colony: Mulberry tress were the wrong kind Unable to grow plants for dyes or

grapes for wine Colonists wanted to be successful

like South Carolina

Spanish Threat Spain controls Florida and this is a

threat to our colony. Spanish Militia defeats Oglethorpe

and his soldiers. Oglethorpe soon gets another

opportunity. His soldiers along with the HIGHLAND SCOTS waited in the dense woods and marsh to create a surprise ATTACK!!

BATTLE OF BLOODY MARSH

This was known as the Battle of Bloody Marsh (It wasn’t very bloody) and the Highland Scots along with Oglethorpe’s men helped to win the battle and save the day!!!

It marks the beginning of a safe southern frontier for the British.

Trustee Period Ends Oglethorpe leaves Georgia in 1743

and never returns.

His leaving had great impact on the colony because under new leadership, the Trustees returned Georgia to King George II and most of the restrictive laws were changed.

Trustee Motto Non Sibi Sed Allis

“Not for themselves, but for others”

Discuss as a class what this means