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« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
ESF covers most services sectors, including:
• Insurance
• Banking
• Business services: IT & Computer; consulting, advertising, after-sales services
• Professional services: legal services, accountants, architects, engineers
• Construction services
• Distribution services
• Publishing services (incl. Music)
• Postal & Express Delivery
services
• Audio-visual services
• Energy related services
• Environmental services
• Telecommunication services
• Tourism
• Air Transport
• Maritime Transport
But no members in Education
or Health services
For more information, see www.esf.be
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
• BARCLAYS BANK
• CLIFFORD CHANCE
• COMMERZBANK
• DEUTSCHE BANK
• DHL
• FRANCE TELECOM
• IBM EUROPE
• LLOYD’S
• METRO AG
• PRICEWATERHOUSE-
COOPERS
• ROYAL AHOLD NV
• SIEMENS AG
• TELEFONICA
• TNT
• TUI
• VEOLIA ENVIRONMENT
• VODAFONE
ESF MEMBERS INCLUDE:
For more information, see www.esf.be
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
3
20
2
14,8
3230 30
51,2
65
50
68
34
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Agriculture Industry Services
Developed
Developing
EU
China
Percentage of GDP by Sector, 2003
Services Share of World Trade
Services
26%
Agriculture &
Industry
74%
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
Services share of total
employment in the EU
4,2
28,6
67,2
The Services sector generates 90% of new jobs in the EU15
(+ 8 millions Jobs created in services between 1999-2003)
Services
Agriculture
Industry
Services Share of FDI
Services
60%
Agric. &
Industry
40%
Share of Agriculture = 8%
Share of Services = 26%
EU External Current Account – 2nd
Quater 2005
Global deficit: -22,4 Bio €
Services Trade in Services: +16,5 Bio €
Rank Country Trade
Volume
Exports Imports Balance
1 USA 229.937 119.355 110.582 8.773
2 Switzerland 71.201 38.119 33.082 5.038
3 Japan 26.465 17.471 8.994 8.476
4 Norway 20.040 11.907 8.133 3.774
5 Canada 14.916 7.809 7.107 701
6 Turkey 10.517 3.005 7.512 -4.507
7 Hong Kong 10.230 4.830 5.400 -570
8 Australia 10.206 5.609 4.597 1012
9 China 9.858 5.262 4.496 666
10 Russia 9.524 4.747 4.777 -29
EU-15 International Trade in Services with non-EU Countries 2002, EUR bn
EU-15 International Trade in Services with non-EU Countries in 2002 (EUR bn)
Rank Country Trade
Volume
Exports Imports Balance
11 Singapore 9.074 4.553 4.521 32
12 South Africa 6.535 3.598 2.937 661
13 Brazil 6.459 3.350 3.109 242
14 Korea 6.236 4.073 2.163 1.910
15 Mexico 5.841 3.486 2.355 1.131
16 India 5.151 2.737 2.414 322
17 Egypt 4.747 1.709 3.038 -1.329
18 Israel 4.548 2.534 2.014 519
19 Thailand 4.088 1.360 2.728 -1.367
20 Taiwan 3.725 2.000 1.725 274
21 Croatia 3.592 1.368 2.224 -856
22 Morocco 3.532 1.298 2.234 -936
23 Malaysia 3.091 1.657 1.434 222
24 Romania 2.289 945 1.344 -400
25 Indonesia 2.196 1.162 1.034 128
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
State of play of the GATS Negotiations
• + 400 Initial requests EU= 109
• 70 Initial offers as of November 2005
• 28 Improved offers as of November 2005
• Next steps: a) Hong Kong Ministerial
b) Draft final offers
• Final negotiations of the DDA:
– Mid 2006? End 2007? US TPA deadline?
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
• WTO is not the World Agriculture Organisation
• A balanced agreement in Hong Kong is crucial, with
due consideration for goods and services interests, the
most important one for the EU;
• The text on Services must be improved;
• WTO Members must take real political commitments
(not only ―Best Endeavour‖) in the services area;
• Current text is unacceptable: ―We are determined to
intensify the negotiations‖ + ―Members should strive to
ensure that…‖.
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
By attracting FDI in infrastructure services:
• Telecommunications
• Logistics (transport, distribution, etc.)
• Energy network
• Water and waste network
• Financial services system,etc.
Foreign service suppliers make long-term investments in their host countries
By knowledge transfer and
expertise from foreign
services suppliers, which
leads to:
• Higher quality
• Competitive
pricing
• Wider choice for
consumers
How can services liberalisation be beneficial to World Trade?
The main barriers to services liberalisation are:
• Limitations on capital ownership
• Limitations on licences allotted to foreign companies
• Restrictions on real estate access
• Local employment requirements
• Lack of National Treatment in many services sectors
• Long and burdensome administrative procedures
• Lack of transparency in domestic regulation on:
– Licensing requirements
– Qualification requirements, etc.
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
The current round of GATS Negotiations ought not only improve
market access via Commercial Presence Abroad--Mode 3 of the
GATS – i.e. joint ventures; subsidiaries; branching, but WTO Members
ought to also expect and demand:
1)Commitments for Cross-Border Supply via Mode 1 of the GATS,
i.e. selling services without a commercial presence in the consumer’s
country—i.e. e-commerce, internet, sending electronic data to call center,
fax, back offices, etc.
2)Movement of Natural Persons via Mode 4 of the GATS, i.e.
quickly moving skilled business personnel within a company (intra-
corporate transferees) and to a company’s clients on a temporary
basis
IMPROVING CROSS BORDER TRADE AND MOBILITY
OF SKILLED PERSONNEL
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
Preliminary Assessment of non EU Initial/Revised Offers:
Assessment Countries Issues positive (+) or negative (-)
Acceptable Japan, Korea,
Norway,
Switzerland,
Liechtenstein
Mode 4 (+), Business services (+),
Tourism (+), Telecoms (+),
Legal services (+), Courier services
(+)
Average New Zealand,
Hong-Kong,
Panama, India
Mode 4 (+), Business services (+),
engineering (+), Postal (+), CPC (+)
Financial services (-),
Disappointing US, Australia,
Canada,Brazil
Mode 4 (-), Telecoms (-), Transports
(-), Financial services (-), IT(+),
Legal services (+)
Pascal KERNEIS
Managing Director
European Services Forum – ESF
168, Avenue de Cortenbergh
B – 1000 – BRUSSELS
Tel: + 32 2 230 75 14
Fax: + 32 2 320 61 68
Email: [email protected].
« The voice of the European Service
Industries for the GATS negotiations »
Website: www.esf.be