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WordPress9DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT

Second Edition

Brad Williams

David Damstra Hal Stern

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John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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32.988.02-018 004.738.5 36

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ISBN 978-1118442272 . Copyright 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, IndianaISBN 978-5-496-00948-5 , 2014

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........................................................................................... 365......................................................................................................................367

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WordPress Subversion (SVN). Subversion . WordPress Subversion , . WordPress, http:// core.svn.wordpress.org/trunk/.

SVN WordPress. . .

SVN , WordPress. SVN () WordPress.

WordPress zip la te s t . zip. WordPress tar la test.ta r .g z . , .

zip tar :

http://wordpress.org/latest.zip

http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz

. WordPress . , WordPress, wordpress- 3.5. zip. , WordPress .

WordPress.org WordPress. WordPress 0.71. http://wordpress.org/download/release-archive/.

, WordPress, , , , , . , ,

http://wordpress.org/latest.ziphttp://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gzhttp://wordpress.org/download/release-archive/

52 2.

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WordPress . , WordPress , , , . - WordPress. , WordPress .

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WordPress , JavaScript CSS. . , , , , WordPress. WordPress WordPress.

WordPress WordPress, . 2.1.

W ordPress : w p-adm in , w p -c o n te n t w p-in c ludes . wp-admin wp- in c lu d e s , WordPress. wp-content , , . , WordPress. HTML- WordPress, , MySQL , , 6.

WordPress . , , WordPress, . WordPress, . , WordPress , WordPress , , , , . -

WordPress 53

jfc wp-admin 26.11.2013 15:41

L wp-content 26.11.2013 15:41

1, wp-indudes 26.11.2013 15:41

j fndex.php 08.01.2012 17:01 "*'

license.txt 06.05.2012 7:28

readme.html 11.12.2012 16:45 Chrome HTML Document

J] wp-activate.php 17.11.2012 15:11 ""J wp-blog-header.php 08.01.2012 17:01 ""

J wp-comments-post.php 10.04.2012 17:21 ""

J wp-conflg-sample.php 11.12.2012 16:45 ""

3 wp-cron.php 23.09.2012 16:57 ""

3 wp-links-opml.php 23.10.2010 12:17 ""

J wp-load.php 26.10.2012 19:40 ""

3 wp-logln.php 30.11.2012 13:41 ""

j wp-mail.php 25.09.2012 5:26 ""

3 wp-settings.php 22.11.2012 9:52 ""

J wp-signup.php 11.09.2012 12:27 ""3 wp-trackback.php 08.01.2012 17:01 ""

3 xmlrpcphp 11.09.2012 20:11 ""

. 2.1. WordPress

WordPress , .

WordPress, wp- admin, wp-includes , , . , 4: !

WordPress

WordPress , . WordPress. , .

, FTP, wp-config. php. . htaccess, , .

54 2.

wp-config.php

WordPress wp-config.php. , , MySQL. . wp-config.php wp-config-sample.php. wp-config. php WordPress.

wp-config. php WordPress. wp-config . WordPress :/public_html/my_website/wp-config.php

:

/public_html/wp-config.php

WordPress wp-config , , , . , .

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WordPress , wp-config. php. :define( 1OPTION_NAME1, 'value' );

OPTION_NAME , ; va lu e , . wp-config. php :

/* , . ! */(/* That's all, stop editing! Happy blogging. */)

\55* , , . (Error establishing a database connection), , DB_NAME, DB USER DB_PASSWORD . , DBJHOST . localhost, WordPress - MySQL , MySQL.

WordPress 55

- , .

(ch a rse t) , DB_CHARSET. u tf8 (Unicode UTF-8). .

WordPress 2.2 DB_COLLATE , . ( , . , .) . , , . WordPress. WordPress.

WordPress , w p -co n f ig . php . , () . WordPress, .

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56 2.

, SQL-, , , , SQL-. WordPress . WordPress, W P Security Scan (http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-security-scan/). , , .

wp-config WordPress. W ordPress . WPLANG WordPress . , wp-content/languages ( ). ( ), WordPress . GNU gettext, - WordPress. , :

WordPress (in Your Language) http:// codex.wordpress.org/WordPress_in_Your_Language

WordPress (Language File Repository) http://svn.automattic.com/wordpress-il8n/

WordPress , WP_DEBUG. , WP_DEBUG WordPress , . WP_DEBUG, true:

define( 'WP_DEBUG', true );

WordPress wp-config false . , fa lse . , , . WordPress WP_DEBUG , , .

wp-config

wp-config . , .

WordPress , :

define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'http://example.com/wordpress' ); define( WPHOME1, 'http://example.com/wordpress' );

http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-security-scan/http://svn.automattic.com/wordpress-il8n/http://example.com/wordpress'http://example.com/wordpress'

WordPress 57

WP_SITEURL URL WordPress. s i t e u r l , . WordPress s i t e u r l . WP_HOME , WordPress. URL, h t t p : // .

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- , WordPress URL, new.example.com. , WordPress URL.

2.6 , wp-content. :

define( 'WP_C0NTENT_DIR', $_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT] .'/wordpress/blog/wp-content' );

define( 'WP_CONTENT_URL', 'http://domain.com/wordpress/blog/wp-content);

WP_CONTENT_DIR w p-conten t. WP_CONTENT_URL URI . :

define( 'WP_PLUGIN_DIR', $ SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . '/blog/wp-content/plugins );define( 'WP_PLUGIN_URL', 'http://example/blog/wp-content/plugins');

WP_PLUGIN_DIR WP_PLUGIN_URL , . , , wp-content. w p-content .

WordPress . (Save) (Publish) WordPress . , 10 . 100 , 1.000 . , , , . , WordPress WP_POST_REVISIONS. fa ls e , , , . :

define( 1WP_POST_REVISIONS', false ); define( 'WP_POST_REVISIONS1, 5 );

http://domain.com/wordpress/blog/wp-content%e2%80%99http://example/blog/wp-content/plugins'

58 2.

, AUT0SAVE_INTERVAL. WordPress AJAX. 60 . wp-config. 5 , :define( 'AUTOSAVE_INTERVAL', 300 );

SAVEQUERIES. , . , , WordPress . , , WordPress . , true :

define( 'SAVEQUERIES', true );

, :

if ( current_user_can( 'manage_options' ) ) { global $wpdb;print_r( $wpdb->queries );

>

, . , . 9 .

() wp-config. , php_error. log WordPress. log_errors :

@ini_set( *log_errors','On' );@ini_set( 'display_errors','Off' );@ini_set( 'error_log','/public_html/wordpress/php_error.log' );

, , WP_DEBUG, . d isp la y_e rro r s Off, , , . , . , e r ro r_ lo g -, WordPress.

, WordPress, WP_MEM0RY_LIMIT.

WordPress 59

WordPress , (Allowed memory size of xxxxx bytes exhausted). . :define( ' WP_NIEMORY_LIMIT', '32' );

, . . , , - , .

WordPress, , . , php_value m em ory_ lim it p h p .in i. , , , , , , .

WordPress . WordPress , , . WPLANG WordPress :

define ( WPLANG', 'en-GB' );

, , ISO-639, ISO-3166. , en-GB (). . . .

LANGDIR. , .. . WordPress w p-content/languages. , LANGDIR:

define( 'LANGDIR', '/wp-content/bury/my/languages' );

W ordPress .mo .

CUSTOM_USER_TABLE CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE . , WordPress . WordPress.

define( 'CUSTOM_USER_TABLE', 'joined_users ); define( 'CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE', 'joined_usermeta' );

WordPress . , , ,

60 2.

, . . WordPress, .

, WordPress, - , CUSTOM_USER_META_TABLE. , , , ( , . .).

, C00KIE_D0MAIN, C00KIEPATH SITEC00KIEPATH. WordPress Multisite, . , :define( 'C00KIE_D0MAIN', .domain.com' ); define( 'COOKIEPATH', '/' ); define( 'SITECOOKIEPATH1, '/' );

, , .

, FTP wp-config. , , , WordPress FTP.

FTP WordPress, wp-config :

d e f i n e ( ' FTP_USER' , 'u se rnam e ' ); d e f i n e ( ' FTP_PASS' , 'p a s sw o rd ' ); d e f i n e ( 1FTP_HOST' , ' f t p . e xam p le .com :21 ' ) ;

FTP, ! WordPress FTP .

FTP/SSH :

// : "direct", "ssh", "ftpext", "ftpsockets" define( 'FS_METHOD', 'ftpext' );// , WordPressabsolute path to root installation directorydefine( FTP_BASE', '/public_html/wordpress/' );// wp-contentdefine( 'FTP_CONTENT_DIR', '/public_html/wordpress/wp-content/ );// wp-pluginsdefine( 'FTP_PLUGIN_DIR ', '/ public_html /wordpress/wp-content/plugins/' );// SSHdefine( 'FTP_PUBKEY', '/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub' );

WordPress 61

// SSH define( 'FTP_PRIVKEY', '/home/username/.ssh/id_rsa' );// SSL- FTP, define( 1FTP_SSL', false )j

, WordPress , FS_CHMOD_FILE FS_CHM0D_DIR:

define( 'FS_CHMOD_FILE',0644 ); dfine( 'FS_CHMOD_DIR',0755 );

(User), (Group) (World), -. WordPress , http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissions.

, . , WordPress .

WP_CACHE -. wp-content/advanced -cache, php. , :

define( 'WP_CACHE', true );

WordPress , . , , :

print_r( @get_defined_constants() );

WordPress. HTTPS, , , . SSL, F0RCE_SSL_L0GIN :

define( 'FORCE_SSL_LOGIN', true );

SSL. F0RCE_SSL_ADMIN:

define( 'FORCE_SSL_ADMIN1, true );

(/wp-adm in) SSL. , , , WordPress, SSL. , SSL. https, https://example.com. , SSL .

http://codex.wordpress.org/Changing_File_Permissionshttps://example.com

62 2.

SSL WordPress . , WordPress, , WordPress.

2.9 WordPress . , , , . , WordPress. 30 . . , EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS:

define( 'EMPTY_TRASH_DAYS', 7 );

7 . , 0. (Delete Permanently). , WordPress .

WordPress cron. Cron WordPress . WordPress, . WordPress cron, wp - con f ig:

define( 1DISABLE_WP_CRON', true );

w p-config . WordPress . : http://codex. wordpress.org/Editing_wp-config.php.

.htaccess . htaccess URL . WordPress , , , , http://example.com/?p=45. URL , . , WordPress URL , , .

, WordPress, . 2.3. , , (Save Changes).

http://codexhttp://example.com/?p=45

WordPress 63

, WordPress . h taccess . WordPress , . WordPress . htaccess, , . 2.4.

'' , ,

h ttp :/ / lo c a lh o s t/tru n lc /? p 1 2 3

h t tp : / / lo c a lh o s t /214/1/231*-p o s t/

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h t tp :/ / lo c e lh o s t / t ru n lc /e re h lv e s / l2 J

h t tp : / / l o c a l h o s t / t runlc/sam ple-post/

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.h t a c c e s s .

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. 2.4. .htaccess

, , ,

/%year%/%monthnum%/%postname%/

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http://example.com/2012/10/halloween-party/

http://localhost/trunlc/?p%c2%ab123http://localhosthttp://locelhost/trunlc/erehlves/l2Jhttp://localhost/trunkhttp://example.com/2012/10/halloween-party/

64 2.

, :

(SEO). URL SEO. .

. , (WordPress, Drupal, Joomla!), .

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. - . URL .

.htaccess

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RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule . /index.php [ L]

. URL, , , . ! -f ! -d ; . h taccess , URL - . URL , WordPress, w p - lo g in . php, - (

WordPress 65

). , URL, , index. php, WordPress. , URL MySQL, 5.

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RewriteRule Aimages/(.*) images/$l [L]

, : URL, images, -. [L] : , , . , WordPress, .

.htaccess URL. (About) http://example.com/about http://example. com/about-me, , , 404. URL , . URL , .

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redirect 301 /about http://example.com/about-me

WordPress URL , 5.

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. htaccess , , URL. , . htaccess,

http://example.com/abouthttp://examplehttp://example.com/about-me

66 2.

. , , :

php_value memory_limit 64

64 . :

php_value upload_max_filesize 20 php_value post_max_size 20M

, , 20 . 2 , . . htaccess, .

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AuthllserFile /dev/null AuthGroupFile /dev/null AuthName "Access Control"AuthType Basicorder deny,allowdeny from all#IP address to whitelistallow from xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx

xxx. xxx. xxx. xxx IP-, . a llo w from , , IP-, . IP-, .

wp-admin. URL IP-, WordPress . , . htaccess wp-admin.

, - , IP - . , . htaccess, IP-, . , , wp-admin.

WordPress 67

IP-, . , 123.123.123. * , IP- , . , 123.123.123.110-230 IP- 123.123.123.110 123.123.123.230.

.h ta c c e s s . p h p -e r ro r s . lo g WordPress. . h taccess , :

php_flag display_startup_errors off php_flag display_errors off php_flag html_errors off php_flag log_ernors onphp_value error_log /public_html/php-errors.log

, - . , , .

.maintenance WordPress , .m aintenance. .maintenance WordPress . - WordPress. , .m aintenance :

WordPress, . , : - . (Briefly unavailable for scheduled maintenance. Check back in a minute). time( ) UNIX.

, m aintenance. php wp-content. WordPress . .

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68 2.

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wp-content

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wp-content index.php. :

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WordPress , , wp-content.

wp-content/plugins. . /p lug in s WordPress, , W ordPress. , .

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http://example.com/wp-contents

wp-content 69

w p-content /m u-p lug ins. (must-use plugins) , WordPress . , , . , , . , http:// codex.wordpress.org/Must_Use_Plugins.

8 .

wp-content/themes. -, WordPress , . index.php s t y le .c s s , , .

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WordPress . , :

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- WordPress, /wp-content. WordPress /up loads . , /w p-content , 755. , FTP WordPress. uploads, (, NextGen Gallery, ), .

WordPress Multisite . Multisite b lo g s . d i r . , (ID).

70 2.

, . Multisite . 10. , WordPress Multisite :

/blogs.dir/1/files/

.

Upgrade w p-content/upgrade WordPress . WordPress WordPress, WordPress.org. WordPress . , . , WordPress .

, , wp-content.

Super Cache (http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-super-cache/) /w p-con ten t/cache . , HTML. , , - HTML. WordPress , , .

Super Cache wp-content: advanced- cache.php w p-cache-con fig .php . Super Cache. , . , . Super Cache wp-content.

NextGen Gallery (http:// wordpress.org/extend/plugins/nextgen-gallery/) /w p -co n te n t/ g a l le r y , NextGen. / g a l le r y . .

http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-super-cache/

71

WP-DB Backup (http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/wp-db-backup/) /w p-content/backup-b l58b ( 158 ), . (Save to Server), . , , .

WordPress. WordPress: w p-con fig .php .h taccess, . , wp-content WordPress .

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WordPress

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(sandbox), , , , . WordPress . WordPress .

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73

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, . , ( ) . . , , . , . , , Linux, , Microsoft Exchange, Windows.

: . , . , . , , - , Windows, Mac OS X Linux. , , . WordPress .

, , . ( ) , - . , .

74 3. WordPress

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75

WordPress. , WordPress. WordPress , . , WordPress, WordPress, - . WordPress, .

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WordPress . WordPress MySQL, 3.2 MySQL 5.0 . , MySQL . .

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76 3. WordPress

Facebook. WordPress. WordPress .

, LAMP, L Linux. Linux , LAMP, Linux. , Debian , ap t-g e t i n s t a l l apache, - Apache. phpMyAdmin MySQL, ap t-g e t i n s t a l l phpmyadmin. phpMyAdmin -, Apache, MySQL. MySQL, , MySQL

, Linux . , , . . , , , LAMP . .

Mac OS X, . , , : Macintosh, Apache, MySQL . http://www.mamp.info.

, . (Applications), . , . , , , Apache. - 80, , - 80 . 8888. , , -, http://localhost:8888. , 80.

Windows, , WAMP PP. WAMP Windows http://wampserver.com. WAMP Windows, Apache, MySQL . Windows, - . http://www.apachefriends.org. X , , PERL, . .

W Windows. Windows (Windows system tray) WAMPSERVER, .

, , ,

http://www.mamp.infohttp://localhost:8888http://wampserver.comhttp://www.apachefriends.org

77

-, WordPress. WAMP , . , . .

WordPress , , WordPress. , , , . WordPress? , ? WordPress Multisite ? . WordPress.

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http://wordpress.orghttp://localhosthttp://localhost/ddamstra/Documents/www

78 3. WordPress

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79

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2 If your host doesn't have a registered DNS name, enter its IP address here

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2 DocumentRoot: The directory out of which you will serve your 2 documents . By default, alt requests are taken from t h i s directory, but 2 symbolic links and aliases may be used to point to other locations .

2DocumentRoot "c:fwomp/wwwf ,Docum entRoo t " C : \ U s e r 5 \d d a m s tra \D 0cum ents\www"

4 Each directory to which Apache has access can be configured with respect # to which services and features are allowed and/or disabled in that 2 directory (and its subdirectories).

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4 This should be changed to whatever you set DocumentRoot to.

D ir e c t o r y "C :\U se rs\ddam stra \D ocum en ts \w w w ">

4 Possible values for the Options directive are "None", "Alt",4 or any combination of :4 Indexes Includes FoLLowSymLinks SymLinksifOwner,Natch ExecCGI NultiVi

4 Note that "MultiViews" must be named *explicitly* - - - "Options All" 4 doesn't give it to you.

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348 1 349

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352: 353

Show alL errors, except coding stohdords warnings

354 ! 355

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! 356 Print out errors (as a part of the output). For production web sites,} 357 you're strongly encouraged to turn this feature off, and u s e error leggir

j 358 instead (see below). Keeping dispLoyerrors enabCed on a production web site

359 may reveal security informt ion to end users, such os file paths on ycur :eb

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