01 MOB - Introduction to Management.pdf

8/9/2019 01 MOB - Introduction to Management.pdf

1/40

!"#$%&'()%" #% +,",-./."#


2/40

!"#"$%&%#'

)%*#+,-#. -/ !"#"$%&%#'

0!"#"$%&%#' +. "# "1' -/ $%2#$ '3+#$. 4-#% '31-5$3

6%-67%89 : !"1;


3/40

K1$"#+B",-# !"#"$%&%#'

K1$"#+B",-# !"#"$%&%#' +. "# "1' -/ =#-H+#$ H3"'

'- 4-A H3%# '- 4- "#4 .%% '3"' +' +. 4-#% +# '3% D%.'

"#4 @3%"6%.' H";9

L' 1%/%1. '- '3% "1' -/ $%2#$ 6%-67% '-$%'3%1 -# "

@-&&-# 67"M-1& '- &"=% '3%& H-1= '-H"14. "

@-&&-# 61%4%*#%4 $-"79

L' %#"D7%. '3% -6,&5& 5.% -/ 1%.-51@%. '31-5$3

&%,@57-5. 67"##+#$ "#4 @-#'1-7 "' '3% H-1=67"@%9


4/40

N%%4 /-1 K1$"#+B",-#. !"#"$%&%#'

K1$"#+B",-# !"#"$%&%#' $+F%. " .%#.% -/ 4+1%@,-# '-'3% %&67-;%%. .- '3"'A '3%; "1% H%77 "H"1% -/ '3%+1 1-7%.

"#4 1%.6-#.+D+7+,%. "#4 =#-H H3"' '3%; "1% .566-.%4 '-

4- +# '3% -1$"#+B",-#9

L' "7.- $+F%. " .%#.% -/ .%@51+'; "#4 -#%#%.. '- '3%

%&67-;%%.9

O# %I%@,F% &"#"$%&%#' +. 1%P5+1%4 /-1 D%?%1

@--14+#",-# "&-#$ F"1+-5. 4%6"1'&%#'.9

Q&67-;%%. "@@-&67+.3 '".=. H+'3+# '3% .,657"'%4 ,&%

/1"&% ". " 1%.57' -/ %I%@,F% -1$"#+B",-# &"#"$%&%#'


5/40

R-&% J%; S-#@%6'.

!"#"$%1 +. .-&%-#% H3- @--14+#"'%. "#4 -F%1.%%. '3%H-1= -/ -'3%1 6%-67% +# -14%1 '- "@@-&67+.3-1$"#+B",-#"7 $-"7.9

!"#"$%1+"7 6%1/-1&"#@% +. '3% &%".51% -/ 3-H %C@+%#'

"#4 %I%@,F% " &"#"$%1 +.T +9%9A 3-H H%77 3% -1 .3%4%'%1&+#%. "#4 "@3+%F%. "661-61+"'% -DE%@,F%.9

QC@+%#@; UV%.-51@% W."$%. : !QONRX +. '3% "D+7+'; '-

&+#+&+B% '3% 5.% -/ 1%.-51@%. +# "@3+%F+#$ -1$"#+B",-#"7

-DE%@,F%. : 04-+#$ '3% '3+#$. 1+$3'89 QI%@,F%#%.. UY-"7 O?"+#&%#' : QN)RX +. '3% "D+7+'; '-

4%'%1&+#% "661-61+"'% -DE%@,F%. "#4 @-&67%'%"@,F+,%. : 04-+#$ '3% 1+$3' '3+#$89


6/40

Z3% !"#"$%&%#'


7/40

]".+@ R'%6. +# !"#"$%&%#'

^+.+-#

!+..+-#

KDE%@,F%._Y-"7. R'1"'%$;


8/40

!"#"$%&%#' `%F%7.01$2#341". +,",-.$2

`-H%.' 7%F%7 -/ &"#"$%&%#' H3- &"#"$% '3% H-1= -/

#-# &"#"$%1+"7 %&67-;%%. "#4 ';6+@"77; "1% 4+1%@'7; -1

+#4+1%@'7; +#F-7F%4 H+'3 61-45@+#$ '3% -1$"#+B",-#a.

61-45@'. -1 .%1F+@+#$ '3% -1$"#+B",-#a. @5.'-&%1.9

Qbc R56%1F+.-1.A .3+d &"#"$%1.A -C@% &"#"$%1.

+1&&4. +,",-.$2

!"#"$%1. D%'H%%# '3% 7-H%.' 7%F%7 "#4 '-6 7%F%7. -/ '3%-1$"#+B",-# H3- &"#"$% '3% H-1= -/ *1.' 7+#%

&"#"$%1.9

Qbc V%$+-#"7 &"#"$%1A 61-E%@' 7%"4%1A 4+F+.+-# &"#"$%1


9/40

!"#"$%&%#' `%F%7.5%6 +,",-.$2

!"#"$%1. "' -1 #%"1 '3% 566%1 7%F%7. -/ '3% -1$"#+B",-#

.'15@'51% H3- "1% 1%.6-#.+D7% /-1 &"=+#$ -1$"#+B",-#H+4% 4%@+.+-#. "#4 %.'"D7+.3+#$ '3% $-"7. "#4 67"#. '3"'

"I%@' '3% %#,1% -1$"#+B",-#9

Qbc ^+@% 61%.+4%#'A &"#"$+#$ 4+1%@'-1A SKKA SQK


10/40

!"#"$%&%#' >5#@,-#.

74,""1"-

)%*#+#$ $-"7.A %.'"D7+.3+#$ .'1"'%$; "#4 4%F%7-6+#$ 67"#.'- @--14+#"'% "@,F+,%.9

8$-,"191"-

)%'%1&+#+#$ H3"' #%%4. '- D% 4-#%A 3-H +' H+77 D% 4-#%"#4 H3- +. '- 4- +'9

:.,&1"-

!-,F",#$A 7%"4+#$ "#4 "#; -'3%1 "@,-#. +#F-7F%4 +#

4%"7+#$ H+'3 6%-67%9

;%"#$%441"-

!-#+'-1+#$ "@,F+,%. '- %#.51% '3"' '3%; "1% "@@-&67+.3%4

". 67"##%49


11/40

!"#"$%&%#' V-7%.

!"#.$6.$2%",4


12/40

!"#"$%&%#' R=+77.

5.(@"1(,4 2A144c e-D .6%@+*@ =#-H7%4$% "#4 '%@3#+P5%. #%%4%4 '-

61-*@+%#'7; 6%1/-1& H-1= '".=.9

B'/," 2A144= Z3% "D+7+'; '- H-1= H%77 H+'3 -'3%1 6%-67%+#4+F+45"77; "#4 +# " $1-569

;%"(.6#',4 2A144= Z3% "D+7+'; '- '3+#= "#4 '- @-#@%6'5"7+B% "D-5'

"D.'1"@' "#4 @-&67%b .+'5",-#.9


13/40

Z3% QF-75,-# -/ !"#"$%&%#' Z3%-1;

Venetian business

enterprises and their

management practices

1400

Adam Smith division of

labor

1700

Industrial Revolution

1800

Early management

approaches

1900- 1950

Modern management

approaches

Post 1950


14/40

B12#%$1(,4 C,(A-$%'"& %> +,",-./."#


15/40

R@+%#,*@ !"#"$%&%#' Z3%-1; R@+%#,*@ !"#"$%&%#' '3%-1; "1-.% +# 6"1' /1-& '3% #%%4 '-

+#@1%".% 61-45@,F+';9 Z3% -#7; H"; '- %b6"#4 61-45@,F+'; H". '- 1"+.% '3% %C@+%#@; -/

H-1=%1.9

Z3+. "661-"@3 +#F-7F%4 " .@+%#,*@ &%'3-4 '- 4%'%1&+#% '3% f-#%D%.' H";a /-1 " E-D '- D% 4-#%9

>1%4%1+@= g9 Z";7-1 Uhijk:hlhjX 1%.'%4 3+. 63+7-.-63; -# *F%D".+@ 61+#@+67%.c

Z3% 4%F%7-6&%#' -/ " '15% .@+%#@% -/ &"#"$%&%#'A .- '3"' '3%D%.' &%'3-4 /-1 6%1/-1&+#$ %"@3 '".= @-574 D% 4%'%1&+#%49

Z3% .@+%#,*@ .%7%@,-# -/ H-1=%1.A .- '3"' %"@3 H-1=%1 H-574 D%$+F%# 1%.6-#.+D+7+'; /-1 '3% '".= /-1 H3+@3 3% -1 .3% H". D%.'.5+'%4 G >5#@,-#"7 /-1%&"#.3+69

Z3% .@+%#,*@ %45@",-# "#4 4%F%7-6&%#' -/ '3% H-1=%19

L#,&"'%A /1+%#47; @--6%1",-# D%'H%%# &"#"$%&%#' "#4 7"D-19


16/40

R@+%#,*@ !"#"$%&%#' Z3%-1;

Z";7-1 D".%4 3+. &"#"$%&%#' .;.'%& -# 61-45@,-#:7+#% ,&%

.'54+%.9

W.+#$ ,&% .'54; ". 3+. D".%A 3% D1-=% %"@3 E-D 4-H# +#'-

@-&6-#%#'. "#4 4%.+$#%4 '3% P5+@=%.' "#4 D%.' &%'3-4. -/

6%1/-1&+#$ %"@3 @-&6-#%#'9 L# '3+. H"; 3% %.'"D7+.3%4 3-H &5@3

H-1=%1. .3-574 D% "D7% '- 4- H+'3 '3% %P5+6&%#'. "#4 &"'%1+"7.

"' 3"#49

[% "7.- %#@-51"$%4 %&67-;%1. '- 6"; &-1% 61-45@,F% H-1=%1. "'

" 3+$3%1 1"'% '3"# -'3%1. 5.+#$ " f.@+%#,*@"77; @-11%@' 1"'%a '3"'

H-574 D%#%*' D-'3 @-&6"#; "#4 H-1=%19

Z35.A H-1=%1. H%1% 51$%4 '- .516".. '3%+1 61%F+-5. 6%1/-1&"#@%

.'"#4"14. '- %"1# &-1% 6";9 Z";7-1 @"77%4 3+. 67"# '3% &1D.$."),4

$,#. 2E2#./9


17/40

Y%#%1"7 O4&+#+.'1",F% Z3%-1;

[%#1+ >";-7 Uhimh:hlnjX +. $%#%1"77; 3"+7%4 ". '3%

/-5#4%1 -/ '3% @7"..+@"7 &"#"$%&%#' .@3--79 Z";7-1 H". D".+@"77; @-#@%1#%4 H+'3 *1.' 7+#% &"#"$%1.

"#4 .@+%#,*@ &%'3-4T 3-H%F%1A >";-7 H". +#'%1%.'%4 +#

'3% '-'"7 -1$"#+B",-# "#4 /-@5.%4 -# "77 &"#"$%1.

H3+@3 3% /%7' 3"4 D%%# '3% &-.' #%$7%@'%4 -/ D5.+#%..

-6%1",-#.9

>";-7 7+.'%4 hm 61+#@+67%. -/ &"#"$%&%#' &-.' /1%P5%#'7;

'- D% "667+%4c )+F+.+-# -/ `"D-1

O5'3-1+';

)+.@+67+#%


18/40

Y%#%1"7 O4&+#+.'1",F% Z3%-1;

W#+'; -/ S-&&"#4

W#+'; -/ )+1%@,-# R5D-14+#",-# -/ '3% +#4+F+45"7 +#'%1%.'. '- '3% $%#%1"7

+#'%1%.'

V%&5#%1",-#

S%#'1"7+B",-#

R@"7"1 S3"+#

K14%1

QP5+'; R'"D+7+'; -/ '%#51% -/ 6%1.-##%7

L#+,",F%

Q.61+' 4% @-16.


19/40

Y%#%1"7 O4&+#+.'1",F% Z3%-1;

!"b g%D%1 H". " Y%1&"# .-@+-7-$+.' H3- .'54+%4

-1$"#+B",-#.9 [% 4%F%7-6%4 " '3%-1; -/ "5'3-1+';

.'15@'51%. "#4 1%7",-#. D".%4 -# "# +4%"7 ';6% -/-1$"#+B",-# @"77%4 D51%"5@1"@;9

Z3+. H". " /-1& -/ -1$"#+B",-# @3"1"@'%1+B%4 D;

4+F+.+-# -/ 7"D-1A " @7%"17; 4%*#%4 3+%1"1@3;A 4%'"+7%4

157%. "#4 1%$57",-#. "#4 +&6%1.-#"7 1%7",-#.3+6.9


20/40

Y%#%1"7 O4&+#+.'1",F% Z3%-1;


21/40

o5"#,'",F% O661-"@3 _ !"#"$%&%#' R@+%#@%

o5"#,'",F% "661-"@3 +. '3% 5.% -/ P5"#,'",F%

'%@3#+P5%. '- +&61-F% 4%@+.+-# &"=+#$9

O' '3% D%$+##+#$ -/ g-174 g"1 LLA Y1%"' ]1+'"+#4%.6%1"'%7; #%%4%4 '- .-7F% " #5&D%1 -/ #%HA @-&67%b61-D7%&. +# H"1/"1%9 g+'3 '3%+1 .51F+F"7 "' .'"=%A '3%

]1+,.3 /-1&%4 '3% *1.' -6%1",-#"7 1%.%"1@3 UKVX '%"&.9

]; 6--7+#$ '3% %b6%1,.% -/ &"'3%&",@+"#.A 63;.+@+.'.A"#4 -'3%1 .@+%#,.'. +# KV '%"&.A '3% ]1+,.3 H%1% "D7% '-"@3+%F% .+$#+*@"#' '%@3#-7-$+@"7 "#4 '"@,@"7D1%"='31-5$3. "#4 .- ". '3% O&%1+@"#.9

Z3% '%"&. 5.%4 %"17; @-&65'%1. '- 6%1/-1& '3%'3-5."#4. -/ @"7@57",-#. +#F-7F%4 +# &"'3%&",@"7&-4%7+#$9


22/40

g3%# '3% H"1 H". -F%1A '3% "667+@"D+7+'; -/ -6%1",-#. 1%.%"1@3

'- 61-D7%&. +# +#45.'1; $1"45"77; D%@"&% "66"1%#'9 N%H+#45.'1+"7 '%@3#-7-$+%. H%1% D%+#$ 65' +#'- 5.% "#4'1"#.6-1'",-# \ @-&&5#+@",-# H%1% D%@-&+#$ &-1%@-&67+@"'%49

Z3%.% 4%F%7-6&%#'. D1-5$3' H+'3 '3%& " 3-.' -/ 61-D7%&. '3"'

@-574 #-' D% .-7F%4 %".+7; D; @-#F%#,-#"7 &%"#.9 L#@1%".+#$7;AKV .6%@+"7+.'. H%1% @"77%4 -# '- 3%76 &"#"$%1. @-&% 56 H+'3"#.H%1. '- '3%.% #%H 61-D7%&.9

KF%1 '3% ;%"1.A KV 61-@%451%. H%1% /-1&"7+B%4 +#'- H3"' +.

#-H &-1% $%#%1"77; @"77%4 '3% &"#"$%&%#' .@+%#@% .@3--79 Z3% &"#"$%&%#' .@+%#@% "661-"@3 '- .-7F+#$ " 61-D7%& D%$+#.

H3%# " &+b%4 '%"& -/ .6%@+"7+.'. /1-& 1%7%F"#' 4+.@+67+#%. +.@"77%4 +# '- "#"7;B% '3% 61-D7%& "#4 61-6-.% " @-51.% -/ "@,-#

'- &"#"$%&%#'9

o5"#,'",F% O661-"@3 _ !"#"$%&%#' R@+%#@%


23/40

Z3% '%"& @-#.'15@'. " &"'3%&",@"7 &-4%7 '3"' .3-H.A +#

.;&D-7+@ '%1&.A "77 1%7%F"#' /"@'-1. D%"1+#$ -# '3% 61-D7%& "#43-H '3%; "1% +#'%11%7"'%49

]; @3"#$+#$ '3% F"75% -/ '3% F"1+"D7%. +# '3% &-4%7 U.5@3 ".

+#@1%".+#$ '3% @-.' -/ 1"H &"'%1+"7.X "#4 "#"7;B+#$ '3% 4+I%1%#'

%P5",-#. -/ '3% &-4%7 H+'3 " @-&65'%1A '3% '%"& @"#4%'%1&+#% '3% %I%@'. -/ %"@3 @3"#$%9

QF%#'5"77; '3% &"#"$%&%#' .@+%#@% '%"& 61%.%#'.

&"#"$%&%#' H+'3 "# -DE%@,F% D".+. /-1 &"=+#$ " 4%@+.+-#9

Z-'"7 P5"7+'; &"#"$%&%#' +. "7.- " 63+7-.-63; 5#4%1

&"#"$%&%#' .@+%#@% .@3--79

L' +. '3% 63+7-.-63; '3"' +. 41+F%# D; @-#,#5-5. +&61-F%&%#'

"#4 1%.6-#.+F%#%.. '- @5.'-&%1 #%%4. "#4 %b6%@'",-#.9

o5"#,'",F% O661-"@3 _ !"#"$%&%#' R@+%#@%


24/40

]%3"F+-1"7 O661-"@3

O *%74 -/ .'54; '3"' 1%.%"1@3%. '3% "@,-#. UD%3"F+-1X -/

6%-67% "' H-1=9

Z3% D%3"F+-1"7 .@3--7 %&%1$%4 6"1'7; D%@"5.% '3%

@7"..+@"7 "661-"@3 4+4 #-' "@3+%F% .5C@+%#' 61-45@,-#%C@+%#@; "#4 H-1=67"@% 3"1&-#;9

Z- &"#"$%1.a /15.'1",-#A 6%-67% 4+4 #-' "7H";. /-77-H

61%4+@'%4 -1 %b6%@'%4 6"?%1#. -/ D%3"F+-19

Z35. '3%1% H". +#@1%".%4 +#'%1%.' +# 3%76+#$ &"#"$%1.

4%"7 &-1% %I%@,F%7; H+'3 '3% f6%-67% .+4%a -/ '3%+1

-1$"#+B",-#.9


25/40

V%7",-#. Z3%-1; G Z3% [5&"# V%7",-#. !-F%&%#'

[5&"# 1%7",-#. "1% /1%P5%#'7; 5.%4 ". " $%#%1"7 '%1&'- 4%.@1+D% '3% H";. +# H3+@3 &"#"$%1. +#'%1"@' H+'3

'3%+1 %&67-;%%.9

g3%# 0%&67-;%% &"#"$%&%#'8 .,&57"'%. &-1% "#4

D%?%1 H-1=A '3% -1$"#+B",-# 3". %I%@,F% 35&"#1%7",-#.T H3%# &-1"7% "#4 %C@+%#@; 4%'%1+-1"'%A +'.

35&"# 1%7",-#. "1% ."+4 '- D% +#%I%@,F%9

Z3% 35&"# 1%7",-#. &-F%&%#' "1-.% /1-& %"17;

"?%&6'. '- .;.'%&",@"77; 4+.@-F%1 '3% .-@+"7 "#4

6.;@3-7-$+@"7 /"@'-1. '3"' H-574 @1%"'% %I%@,F% 35&"#

1%7",-#.9


26/40

Z3% ["H'3-1#% Qb6%1+&%#'.

Z3% 35&"# 1%7",-#. &-F%&%#' $1%H -5' -/ " /"&-5..%1+%. -/ .'54+%. @-#45@'%4 "' '3% g%.'%1# Q7%@'1+@S-&6"#; /1-& hlnm '- hlpp9 Z3%.% %F%#'5"77; D%@"&%=#-H# ". '3% 0["H'3-1#% R'54+%.8 D%@"5.% &"#; -/'3%& H%1% 6%1/-1&%4 "' g%.'%1# Q7%@'1+@+'; ["H'3-1#%67"#' D; Q7'-# !";- #%"1 S3+@"$-9 Z3%; 61-F+4%4 #%H+#.+$3'. +#'- +#4+F+45"7 "#4 $1-56 D%3"F+-19 Z3% .'54+%.@-#45@'%4 H%1% ". /-77-H.c

L775&+#",-# Qb6%1+&%#'.

V%7"; O..%&D7; Z%.' V--&

L#'%1F+%H+#$


27/40

R;.'%&. Z3%-1;

Z3% .;.'%&. "661-"@3 '- &"#"$%&%#' F+%H. '3% -1$"#+B",-# ". " .%' -/+#'%11%7"'%4 "#4 +#'%14%6%#4%#' 6"1'. "11"#$%4 +# " &"##%1 '3"'61-45@%. " 5#+*%4 H3-7%9

Z3+. "661-"@3 $+F%. &"#"$%1. " H"; -/ 7--=+#$ "' '3% -1$"#+B",-# ". "

H3-7% "#4 ". " 6"1' -/ '3% 7"1$%1A %b'%1#"7 %#F+1-#&%#'9

R;.'%&. '3%-1; '%77. 5. '3"' '3% "@,F+'; -/ "#; .%$&%#' -/ "#

-1$"#+B",-# "I%@'.A +# F"1;+#$ 4%$1%%.A '3% "@,F+'; -/ %F%1; -'3%1.%$&%#'9


28/40

R;.'%&. Z3%-1; Z3% 6-+#' -/ '3% .;.'%&. "661-"@3 +. '3"' &"#"$%1. @"##-' /5#@,-#

H3-77; H+'3+# '3% @-#*#%. -/ '3% '1"4+,-#"7 -1$"#+B",-# @3"1'9 Z3%;3"F% '- @-&&5#+@"'% #-' -#7; H+'3 -'3%1 %&67-;%%. "#4 4%6"1'&%#'.A

D5' /1%P5%#'7; H+'3 1%61%.%#'",F%. -/ -'3%1 -1$"#+B",-#. ". H%779F%/. G.E ;%"(.6#2

F'H2E2#./2=Z3% 6"1'. '3"' &"=% 56 '3% H3-7% -/ " .;.'%& "1% @"77%4.5D.;.'%&.9 O#4 %"@3 .;.'%& +# '51# &"; D% " .5D.;.'%& -/ " .,77 7"1$%1H3-7%9 Z35. " 4%6"1'&%#' +. " .5D.;.'%& -/ " 67"#'A H3+@3 &"; D% "

.5D.;.'%& -/ " @-&6"#;A H3+@3 &"; D% " .5D.;.'%& -/ "# +#45.'1;9

FE".$-E= R;#%1$; &%"#. '3"' '3% H3-7% +. $1%"'%1 '3"# '3% .5& -/ +'.6"1'.9 L# -1$"#+B",-#"7 '%1&.A .;#%1$; &%"#. '3"' ". .%6"1"'%4%6"1'&%#'. H+'3+# "# -1$"#+B",-# @--6%1"'% "#4 +#'%1"@'A '3%;D%@-&% &-1% 61-45@,F% '3"# +/ %"@3 H%1% '- "@' +# +.-7",-#9 >-1%b"&67%A +# " .&"77 *1&A +' +. &-1% %C@+%#' /-1 %"@3 4%6"1'&%#' '- 4%"7

H+'3 -#% >+#"#@% 4%6"1'&%#' '3"# /-1 %"@3 4%6"1'&%#' '- 3"F% ".%6"1"'% *#"#@% 4%6"1'&%#' -/ +'. -H#9

86." ,"& ;4%2.& FE2#./2=O .;.'%& +. @-#.+4%1%4 "# -6%# .;.'%& +/ +'+#'%1"@'. H+'3 +'. %#F+1-#&%#'T +' +. @-#.+4%1%4 " @7-.%4 .;.'%& +/ +' 4-%.#-'9 O77 -1$"#+B",-#. +#'%1"@' H+'3 '3%+1 %#F+1-#&%#'A D5' '3% %b'%#' '-H3+@3 '3%; 4- .- F"1+%.9 O# "5'-&-D+7% +. " 6%1/%@' %b"&67% /-1 "# -6%#

.;.'%&9


29/40

R;.'%&. Z3%-1;

FE2#./ C%'"&,$E=Q"@3 .;.'%& 3". " D-5#4"1; '3"' .%6"1"'%. +' /1-& +'.%#F+1-#&%#'9 L# " @7-.%4 .;.'%&A '3% .;.'%& D-5#4"1; +. 1+$+4T +# "#

-6%# .;.'%&A '3% D-5#4"1; +. &-1% q%b+D7%9 Z3% .;.'%& D-5#4"1+%. -/&"#; -1$"#+B",-#. 3"F% D%@-&% +#@1%".+#$7; q%b+D7% +# 1%@%#' ;%"1.9>-1 %b"&67%A &"#"$%1. "' -+7 @-&6"#+%. H+.3+#$ '- %#$"$% +# -I.3-1%41+77+#$ #-H @-#.+4%1 65D7+@ @-#@%1# /-1 '3% %#F+1-#&%#'9

04%I=O .;.'%& 3". q-H. -/ +#/-1&",-#A &"'%1+"7. "#4 %#%1$; U+#@754+#$35&"# %#%1$;X9 Z3%.% %#'%1 '3% .;.'%& /1-& '3% %#F+1-#&%#' ". +#65'.

U1"H &"'%1+"7. /-1 %b"&67%XA 5#4%1$- '1"#./-1&",-# 61-@%..%. U'31-5$365'X H+'3+# '3% .;.'%& U-6%1",-#. '3"' "7'%1 '3%&X "#4 %b+' '3% .;.'%&". -5'65'. U$--4. "#4 .%1F+@%.X9

0..&H,(A=>%%4D"@= +. '3% =%; '- .;.'%& @-#'1-7.9 O. -6%1",-#. -/ '3%.;.'%& 61-@%%4A +#/-1&",-# +. /%4 D"@= '- '3% "661-61+"'% 6%-67%A "#46%13"6. '- " @-&65'%1A .- '3"' '3% H-1= @"# D% "..%..%4 "#4A +/#%@%.."1; @-11%@'%49

R;.'%&. '3%-1; @"77. "?%#,-# '- '3% 4;#"&+@ "#4 +#'%11%7"'%4 #"'51% -/-1$"#+B",-#. "#4 '3% &"#"$%&%#' '".=9 g+'3 " .;.'%&. 6%1.6%@,F%A$%#%1"7 &"#"$%1. @"# &-1% %".+7; &"+#'"+# " D"7"#@% D%'H%%# '3%#%%4. -/ '3% F"1+-5. 6"1'. -/ '3% %#'%161+.%. "#4 '3% #%%4. "#4 $-"7. -/

'3% H3-7% *1&9


30/40

R;.'%&. Z3%-1;

R ' Z3


31/40

R;.'%&. Z3%-1;GENERALENVIRONMENT

OPERATINGENVIRONMENT

SOCIALECONOMIC

POLITICAL

LEGAL

TECHNOLOGY

NEW ENTRANTS

SUPPLIER

SUBSTITUTES

CUSTOMER

COMPETITION

PLANNING, ORGANIZING,

INFLUENCING, CONTROLLING

INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT


32/40

Z3% S-#,#$%#@; O661-"@3 O &"#"$%&%#' "661-"@3 H3+@3 .";. '3"' -1$"#+B",-#. "1%

4+I%1%#'A /"@% 4+I%1%#' .+'5",-#. U@-#,#$%#@+%.XA "#4 1%P5+1%4+I%1%#' H";. -/ &"#"$+#$9

Z3% @-#,#$%#@; "661-"@3 U.-&%,&%. @"77%4 '3% .+'5",-#"7"661-"@3X H". 4%F%7-6%4 D; &"#"$%1.A @-#.57'"#'.A "#41%.%"1@3%1. H3- '1+%4 '- "667; '3% @-#@%6'. -/ '3% &"E-1 .@3--7.'- 1%"7 7+/% .+'5",-#.9

g3%# &%'3-4. H%1% 3+$37; %I%@,F% +# -#% .+'5",-#A /"+7%4 '-H-1= +# -'3%1 .+'5",-#.9 V%.57'. 4+I%1 D%@"5.% .+'5",-#. 4+I%1A "'%@3#+P5% '3"' H-1=. +# -#% @".% H+77 #-' #%@%.."1+7; H-1= +# "77

@".%.9 O@@-14+#$ '- '3% @-#,#$%#@; "661-"@3A '3% &"#"$%1a. '".= +. '-

+4%#,/; H3+@3 '%@3#+P5%. H+77A +# 6"1,@57"1 .+'5",-#A 5#4%16"1,@57"1 @+1@5&.'"#@%. "#4 "' " 6"1,@57"1 ,&%A D%.' @-#'1+D5'%'- '3% "?"+#&%#' -/ &"#"$%&%#' $-"7.9


33/40

Z3% S-#,#$%#@; O661-"@3 g3%1% H-1=%1. #%%4 '- D% %#@-51"$%4 '- +#@1%".% 61-45@,F+';A

/-1 %b"&67%A '3% @7"..+@"7 '3%-1+.' &"; 61%.@1+D% " #%H H-1=.+&67+*@",-# .@3%&%9

Z3% D%3"F+-1"7 .@+%#,.' &"; +#.'%"4 .%%= '- @1%"'% "6.;@3-7-$+@"77; &5'",#$ @7+&"'% "#4 1%@-&&%#4 .-&% "661-"@37+=% E-D %#1+@3&%#'9

L/ '3% H-1=%1. "1% 5#.=+77%4 "#4 '1"+#+#$ -66-1'5#+,%. "#41%.-51@%. "1% 7+&+'%4A H-1= .+&67+*@",-# H-574 D% '3% D%.'.-75,-#9 [-H%F%1A H+'3 .=+77%4 H-1=%1. 41+F%# D; 61+4% +# '3%+1"D+7+,%.A " E-D:%#1+@3&%#' 61-$1"& &+$3' D% &-1% %I%@,F%9

Z3% @-#,#$%#@; "661-"@3 1%61%.%#'. "# +&6-1'"#' '51# +#&-4%1# &"#"$%&%#' '3%-1;A D%@"5.% +' 6-1'1";. %"@3 .%' -/-1$"#+B",-#"7 1%7",-#.3+6. +# +'. 5#+P5% @+1@5&.'"#@%.9

R-&% @".%. D%+#$ -1$"#+B",-# .+B%A 1-5,#%#%.. -/ '".='%@3#-7-$;A %#F+1-#&%#'"7 5#@%1'"+#'; "#4 +#4+F+45"7 4+I%1%#@%.9


34/40

Q'3+@. \ R-@+"7 V%.6-#.+D+7+';

Q'3+@. "#4 R-@+"7 V%.6-#.+D+7+'; "1% @-#@%6'. '3"' "1%/5#4"&%#'"77; "D-5' '3% P5"7+'; -/ -51 1%7",-#.3+6. -F%1 ,&%9

!"#; -1$"#+B",-#"7 4%@+.+-#. +#F-7F% =#-?; 61-D7%&. H3%1%

-1$"#+B",-#"7 +#'%1%.'. "I%@' '3% +#'%1%.'. -/ -'3%1.9

S-&6"#+%. "#4 &"#"$%1. '3"' +$#-1% &-1"7 @-#@%1#. "1% .";+#$

'- '3-.% "I%@'%4A rH% 4-#a' H"#' '- +#F%.' +# &"=+#$ '3+.

1%7",-#.3+6 D%?%189

QF%# '-5$3 5#%'3+@"7 D%3"F+-1 &"; .-&%,&%. 6"; '-4";T '3-.%

H3- +$#-1% %'3+@"7 +..5%. "1% 3%"4+#$ /-1 '1-5D7% -F%1 '3% 7-#$

15#9

R- @-&6"#+%. "1% 5.+#$ '3%+1 6".' %b6%1+%#@%. "#4 F"75%. "#4 '3%

@-#@%1#. -/ '3% 61%.%#' +# .%2#$ #%H &-1"7 F+.+-#. /-1 '3%

/5'51%9


35/40

R-@+"7 V%.6-#.+D+7+'; R-@+"7 1%.6-#.+D+7+'; +. " D5.+#%..a. +#'%#,-#A D%;-#4 +'.

7%$"7 "#4 %@-#-&+@ -D7+$",-#.A '- 4- '3% 1+$3' '3+#$.

"#4 "@' +# H";. '3"' "1% $--4 /-1 .-@+%';9

R-@+-%@-#-&+@ F+%H $-%. D%;-#4 61-*' &"=+#$T +' +. "#;

4+.@1%,-#"1; @-16-1"'% "@,F+'; +#'%#4%4 '- 61-'%@'

.-@+"7 H%7/"1% "#4 +&61-F% .-@+"7 -1 %#F+1-#&%#'"7@-#4+,-#. ". @-&6"1%4 '- '3% @7"..+@"7 F+%H H3+@3

/-@5.%4 -# -#7; &"b+&+B+#$ 61-*'.9

O *1& &"; %#$"$% +# .-@+"7 "@,-#. D%@"5.% -/ +'. .-@+"7

-D7+$",-# '- &%%' @%1'"+# %@-#-&+@ "#4 7%$"7

1%.6-#.+D+7+,%.9

R-@+"7 1%.6-#.+F%#%.. +. " *1&a. %#$"$+#$ +# .-@+"7

"@,-#. +# 1%.6-#.% '- .-&% 6-657"1 .-@+"7 #%%49

R + 7 V +D+7+'


36/40

R-@+"7 V%.6-#.+D+7+';JK,/64.2

R"# >1"#@+.@- D"=%1; +#.,'5'%4 " 61"@,@% -/ 3+1+#$ %b:@-#F+@'. '- /57*77

'3% 1%.6-#.+D+7+'; -/ D5.+#%.. H3+@3 3". '- 67"; " 7"1$% 1-7% +# @3"#$+#$-51 .-@+%';9 ]5.+#%.. 6%-67% %.6%@+"77; '3-.% +# .&"77%1 @-&6"#+%. =#-H

3-H '- $%' '3+#$. 4-#%9

L# 1%.6-#.% '- '3% 3-&%7%.. .+'5",-#A -#% -/ ]%# \ e%11;a. "#.H%1. H".

'- -6%# " .'-1% +# ["17%& "#4 %&67-; 3-&%7%.. 6%-67% '- .%1F% +@%

@1%"&9

>-1 %F%1; W


37/40

R-@+"7 V%.6-#.+D+7+';JK,/64.2

]51$%1 J+#$A "7-#$ H+'3 L]!A -6%1"'%. " .+&+7"1 61-$1"&9 Z31-5$3]51$%1. "#4 ];'%.A @-&65'%1. "1% 4-#"'%4 '- .@3--7. "@@-14+#$ '- '3%

#5&D%1 -/ @".3 1%$+.'%1 1%@%+6'. $%#%1"'%49 ]51$%1 =+#$ "7.- -6%1"'%.

]51$%1 J+#$ O@"4%&; '- 61-F+4% %45@",-# "#4 .-@+"7 .%1F+@%. /-1

41-6-5'. "#4 '15"#'.9

S-7$"'%:


38/40

Q'3+@.

Q'3+@. +. 61+#@+67%.A F"75%.A "#4 D%7+%/. '3"' 4%*#% H3"' +.

1+$3' "#4 H3"' +. H1-#$ D%3"F+-19

L' +. "7.- '3% .'54; -/ 6%-67%a. 1+$3'. "#4 45,%.A '3% &-1"7157%. '3"' 6%-67% "667; +# &"=+#$ 4%@+.+-#.A "#4 '3% #"'51%

-/ '3% 1%7",-#.3+6. "&-#$ 6%-67%9

L# D5.+#%..A &-.' %'3+@"7 P5%.,-#. /"77 +#'- -#% -1 &-1% -//-51 @"'%$-1+%.c .-@+%'"7A .'"=%3-74%1A +#'%1#"7 6-7+@;A -1

6%1.-#"7 U'3% +#4+F+45"7X9

;%&.2 %> J#@1(2

Z- D% " 4%6%#4"D7% -1$"#+B",-#"7 @+,B%#

N-' '- 4- "#;'3+#$ 5#7"H/57 -1 +&61-6%1 '3"' H+77 3"1& '3%

-1$"#+B",-#9

Z- D% $--4 '- @5.'-&%1.9


39/40

>"@'-1. '3"' 4%'%1&+#% %'3+@"7 D%3"F+-1

Z3 Z 7 / Q'3+


40/40

Z3% Z--7. -/ Q'3+@.

L,4'.2= ]".+@ @-#F+@,-#. "D-5' H3"' +. 1+$3' "#4 H3"' +.

H1-#$9

Documents

01 MOB - Introduction to Management.pdf