02 Information Management

7/27/2019 02 Information Management

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Information

Organized data

Data that has been processed and is

meaningful to the user

A resource (produced by Information

Systems) that is vital to the operation and

management of organizations


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Information

Capture

Collect

Manipulate

Disseminate

Transmit

Process

Store

Analyze

Retrieve

Display


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Desired Information Qualities

Accurate

Complete

Economical

Flexible

Reliable Relevant

Simple

Timely

Verifiable

Accessible

Secure


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Information System

A set of interrelated elements or

components that collect (input), manipulate

(process), and disseminate (output) data andinformation and provide a feedback

mechanism to meet an objective

Becomes computer-based when elementsinclude hardware, software, databases,

telecommunications, people, and procedures


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Information Technology

Refers to the collective means to assemble and

electronically store, transmit, process and retrieve

- words, numbers, images, and sounds, as well asthe electronic means to control machines of all

kinds, from everyday appliances to vast automated

factories (Gerstein)

devices that use electronics to gather,communicate, process, display and store

information (Laudon)


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Computers

Equipment

Office Equipment

Imaging Systems

Sound Systems

Information

Systems

Information

Data

Users

Managers

People

Procedures

Hardware

Information (and

Communications)

Technology

CONVERGENCE

INFORMATION MANAGEMENTFRAMEWORK

Software

Communications

Equipment


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Information Systems

Should be used both as an operational tool

and as a competitive weapon

to increase profits

to increase productivity/efficiency/effectiveness

to reduce cost

to add value

to gain competitive advantage

to improve operations


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Information Systems

When is it STRATEGIC?

If it enables or supports changes in an

organizations product or service or the way

it competes in its industry


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Applications

When are Applications STRATEGIC?

When they provide the following VALUES:

Return on Investment

Strategic Match

Competitive Advantage

Management Information Competitive Response

SIS Architecture


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Strategic Information Systems

Vehicles for implementing business strategy

that use information , information

processing and/or the communication ofinformation

Key factor is INFORMATION

INTENSITY (the amount of dependence aproduct or firm has on information and

information technology)


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Information Intensity Matrix

Cement

Newspapers Airlines

Banks InsuranceStock BrokersOil Refinery

HIGH

Information Intensity of the Value Chain

LOW

Information Content of ProductLOW

HIGH


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Basic Types of Information Systems

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)-supports day-to-day operational activities of organizations

by maintaining detailed records

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERP)-set of integrated programscapable of managing acompanys business operations for a multisite global orgn.

Office Automation Systems (OAS)

- systems that create, store, modify, and processinterpersonal communications (written, verbal or videoform


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Management Information Systems (MIS)- an information system that facilitates management by

producing structured, summarized reports on a regular and

recurring basis- used primarily for controlling and for planning andorganizing(Financial MIS, Manufacturing MIS, Marketing MIS, Human Resources MIS, Accounting MIS,Geographic Information System GIS)

Decision Support Systems (DSS)interactive computer-based facilities that assist decision making in less

structured situations

collection of data and data processing tools used in creative ways tomanipulate data


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Executive Support Systems (ESS)supports the information needs of very senior executives

by presenting data at the highest level of aggregation

E-Commerce, M-Commerce or E-Business

Systemsand E-Management Systems

Special-Purpose Business Information Systems

Expert SystemsArtificial Intelligence (AI)

Virtual Reality


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How IS Adds Value to the

Organization By enhancing their products

- enhancing features

- adding new characteristics- improving product delivery

By enhancing their processes- less labor intensive

- more efficient

- faster/more enjoyable

By enhancing their ability to change


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How IS Adds Value to

Products and Processes By facilitating on-going business processes

(Supporting operations, management and

strategic planning)

By supporting changes in process and

product through improvement (adjustment)

and innovation (dramatic changes) By being part of the product characteristics

and product delivery system


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How IS Adds (or Diminishes)Value to

Managers based on their Characteristics Characteristic 1 : Managers are social; they enjoy

social interaction / activities (H. Minzberg)

- therefore : An IS that takes them away fromsocial activity for any length of time will be

disliked and not used.

Characteristic 2 : 2/3 of the managers time are

spent in meetings- therefore : IS that can enable managers to be

more productive in meetings will add value


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How IS Adds (or Diminishes)Value to

Managers based on their Characteristics Characteristic 3 : Managers time between

meetings consists of many brief encounters

- therefore : Long reports will not be appreciated.The best way to communicate information is

through meetings.

Characteristic 4 : Managers are constantly

attempting to gain information- therefore : IS that help them identify whether or

not a difference is significant add value.


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COMPETING IN AN eWORLD

TRADITIONAL WAYS:

COST: Low cost producer of good or service

DIFFERENTIATION: Enhancing perceptionof product or service

STRATEGIC INFORMATION SYSTEM

(SIS): Sales information, just-in-time materials,better cash management

*


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COMPETING IN AN eWORLD

NEW WAYS:

USING I TCAPABILITIES OF INTERNET

COST EFFICIENCIES

MASS CUSTOMIZATION

GLOBAL REACH

*

Documents

02 Information Management