PREPARASI mineralsPREPARASI minerals

Mining in the world economic stage, particularly where the work sampling, and calculation preparasi

quality or mineral content is absolutely necessary.

Sampling 

Sampling is

• How to take mineral samples representing an area. Before taking the first sample survey carried out. (Preliminary research), which covers a wide area.

Goal sampling 

take the example of extractive operations can represent areas of research, for the purpose preparasi raw materials or mineral materials yanag be ready to be processed (menaikan mineral content). While the calculation of a measure that forecasts eksplorer already know the value mineral so that it can determine the operating whether or not the prospects.

I. SURVEY

Preliminary research can be done with:• Air Photos: with the aircraft / satellite• Dipermukaan direct measurement of land:• a. Geomagnetik: attributes of a magnet deposition• b. Geolistrik: nature of the power deposition• c. geophysical: a reflection of sediment waves (harder

faster mule)

The resulting map (I) the map scale 1: 25000 (map anamali) the indications of the lands of mineral sought.

• d. Geo chemistry: chemical nature of the mule.

II. PHASE-up (follow up) 

• Advanced stages of the research is done in the areas anomaly after anomaly map of the resistance I

• In the advanced stages of the research carried out activities that include:

• 1st Traverse• Grid soil geological map of 1: 5000• Trencing• Test pit

1.1.Traverse

• Is a survey towards the river upstream and percabangannya.

• The principle is to create a straight line disungai in a certain way that investigators can still be seen. Sample taken from the tranverse obtained from the outcrop, generally on the sample distance of 50 m is tranverse or susuai field conditions.

• Equipment used in general:• Kompas• Klinomater• Tape measure• Supporting equipment (ropes, map, HCl, foldlens

/ lens-fold)

1.2. Soil Grid

• Conducted as a follow rivers traverse katena grid soil survey is usually conducted in the mountains found a river. In the event this is done the sample soil / land, chip sampling. The difference with the rock: influenced by the soil organisms.

• Rock chip sampling of rock sample with a chisel / hammer geology and the results floured or core. 

1.3. Trenchine

• System pengmbilan sample with the groove / grip on the body of rock / minerals that are still fresh. 

TEST PIT

• The sample is in the area that has not tererosi but are located in the depth of which is difficult to achieve. 

• Sample processes of a small part of the captured sampelnya but represent part of the overall (quartering sampling) 

Retrieval method is an area on the sample traverse the river to find out the actual rock layers that may be advanced out of the rock (outcrop) during the traverse. In the event of grid lline sample can be done with: soil sampling (SO), Rock Chip Sampling (R C). 

III. GRID LINE

The principle of the grid line:

Make a straight line on a lap and then determine the point-point sample. Well-known term "b ASE line" (the basis of making the other), "C ross friends" line is made to the base line of the directions north - south,

Stages to create a grid line.

– Determine the direction of the compass point of the pioneer.

– Tape measure to analyze the distance can still be seen flag tape measure, In general

– With p.mak 20 m when the ribbon is not possible Bantu 5 m.10m.15m.20m/25m

– Measure the slope (gradient)– Determine the distance to 12.5 m for

geomagnetic measurements.

– Sample BULG (Bl)• Type of sample taken from the sediment in the river

bank.or on the bot because the possibility of valuable minerals involved. Taken with a shovel and then filtered with a ¼ #, weight = 10 kg.

– PENNED Consent (PC)• This type of sample taken from the hole and sample

= bulg only + - 4 more shots down from the BL. Sample and then fed. Once finished filtered 4

IV. MACAM-MACAM SAMPLE

3. STREM Sample sediments (SS)– Terbawah taken from the hole on the

sample pan Pendulangan sampling conducted 2 x 1 x water medusa soap suds and water with diayak - 80 # weight 300 gr.Adding weight.

4. ROCK float– Taken on the outcrop in the normal flow of

the river, a form of fraction / of coarse fragments. Sample background to the background shows the donkey into the guidelines so that the deposition sought (mineral adjuvant).

• 5th Sample ROCK CHIP (CHIP Sample)– Taken on the rock that is still fresh / mineralisasi

contain valuable metals. Many + 1 Kg.

• 6th Sample specimen (SP)– Taken didaerah river outcrop I found that that is

still fresh, berfariasi (vulkanik on the rock), while for the rock sediment berfosil to determine the geological age, Weight = 1 kg sample.

• 7th Soil Sample– Taken with a grid line method didaerah hill /

slope / valley soil taken in the BC horizon Number of sample = 0.5 + kg - 1 kg

Phases of work:

• Study literature

• Regional history

• Map of local reports

• Field preparation– tools– supplies– work plan (Station)

Station Note:

• I breezy

• Tufaan sandstone, pumice breksi

• II Dawung

• There are mining activities and the establishment of bba

• Mangkang III / Sidomulyo

• Zeolit / geological structure

• IV Coral short

• Trass

How sampling

• How boring:• With a core or Core• For both core sample / bor same sample

treatment.•

Stages of sample handling: 

Acceptance stage sample:

This stage to receive a sample from the field equipped with the basic data: the sample location of sample type / minerals, the number of sample point based on the sample. (Core drilling, drill bangka / impire drill, test wells (tesipit).

Stage of sample processing:

At this stage, acceptance is a sample of cloth from the explorasi / exploitation. Sample-sample that came from the field if he comes from drilling, the sample included in the sample bag (Tray). Sample can be transported via land, air, speedboard from the location of sample, which in the Core sample box until after the lab. Set on a table in accordance with the core location. Core washed with soap removes the mud patch in the soil sample. Core is arranged near the original.

Labelling (labeling)Providing information on the sample tray be done in the paint covering the lote / drill hole number box, the interval (distance depth)

Size in the interval from the left side of the core until the end of the depth reached in the beginning can be measured through the core box before / next. At the core interval measurements should be carefully correct meaning core destroyed / broken dirapatkan be so near the original order. Spidol Tools needed anti-air, tissue dryer (clean meter)

Defining core recovery (R%)

Core Recovery is a long reach into each of the drilling. So long core length is measured from the core to the core box 1 box other core / next 

R = Panjang yang diperoleh x100%kemajuan Pemboran

RQP (Rock Quality Designation)

Is the length of core obtained in the drilling progress of each piece. So the length is measured between 2 cores, while the value of block size is determined by the length of drill core (2 x D = diameter core). If the length of core 2 x D RQD said its full = 0. Core a severe impact not considered a tool corenya utuh.1 Marking sampling intervals of 3 meters.

Size 3 m core drilling depth marked. Measurement intervals can be measured 3 m from the core box with a way to reduce the depth listed in corebox into multiple notes with the 3 m core approach of Lo.

Each core box according to the progress of drilling, calculated value = own self. For each core value analysis is done using the knife fission cores for low berkadar minerals. Berkadar While the high use fission core saw (in the form of motorized electric saw). Core is the be the one living in it / core processing. 

V. Determine the degree Sample

Treatment is not core sample:

Stages:

• sample sent to laboratory

• sample included kekantong sample

• given sample labeling

• sample sent for analysis

• way analysis:– microscope– chemical– radio active

The purpose of sample• to determine the degree of mineral sought.• determine the reserves in the mineral deposit• determine unsure-that there are elements in

the mineral

matrix minerals• type of metal• baker of oil, coal•

Metal Type– assay– nature of the metal– metal-metal follow-up

Fuel:

• coal: coal kalori/1kg; carbon CC) sulfur; other elements.

• petroleum: CH, candles, aspaltis, gas

Preparasi sample

• weight (a number that is easily calculated)

• washing

• then in the dry, we get the slime / dust (in the form of material Loos), be pondered again.

• The, some faction / be pondered

• microscope analysis / quartering

Kenampakan minerals under the microscope:

Zeolit• - Dark = opaque minerals• - = Brown hornblende, verdure• - Klorit = green contrast kebiruan 

Breksi pumice• - Dark = opaque minerals• - = Lithic fragments• - Klorit = green contrast kebiruan• - Silica cement = straw yellow

Sandstone tufaan

- Quartz = straw yellow

- Olivine = change / filamentous

- Felspards = gray

- Such as clay = Ca but dirty

- Magnitik = dark

PREPARASI 

Preparasi is

• The process of the preparation of minerals that are ready to be processed. The idea to separate the valuable minerals to the mineral that is not even worth sampahnya.

To separate the valuable minerals and precious and we do not identify the physical nature of such color / sheen, sg (specific grafity), the nature kemagnitannya, kelistrikannya nature, and nature float or sink

Physical nature

Operation Tools

Warna Hand sorting PanSG Flawing

concentration ji ging

Sluice boxShaking tableJIG

Kemagnitan

Ms MS

Electrik

Hts HTS

Flotasi Flotasi Flotation cell

• Preparasi than separate quality menaikan also pressing for the cost of operating the next especially in the transportation and pengoalahan.

• Results blasting

• lump (lump)

• kuarse (smooth)

• Processing called communation (diminution grains) with the crusher. 

Crusher have three kinds, namely:

• primary crusher

• secondary crusher

• fine crusher / grinding

Diminution Butir size minerals (Communation)

• In general, minerals from the mine have the size or diameter of between 1000-1500 mm (in the form of ore / ore). Ore will then be taken logamnya the benefit with a how or bebrapa way, ie, the chemical and physical. The grain size requires a more subtle about 0.1 mm. so very dependent of the size of equipment used. To get the size of a small tool used separti crusher and grinding. As a comparison, if the primary crusher or grinding initial 1500-300 mm size, the smallest size of 300-100 mm.

• Tool Feed Results 1500 Primary crusher-300mm 300-100mm Secondary crusher 300-100mm 50-10mm Fine crusher 50-10 mm 10-2mm Grinding2mm 0.05 mm / smaller

The principle of work and washing the mineral (ore dressing)

Washing is a method of mineral processing ore / ore with a chemical does not cause an effect, but the physical nature of the mineral. 

The main objectives of the minerals / ore to separate from the physical ikatannya dirt / tailing. Results from the ore concentrate is called, while the other middling and tailing. Middling material berkadar is low, while the tailing material or waste polluter. 

Ore =konsentrat+ middling+ tailing / waste(ore kadar tinggi) (ore kadar rendah)

(sampah)

Concentrate in processed metalorgi

Middling returned to the washing

Tailings / waste disposed

Mine unit of The stone breaker (crusher) (sorting)

Several methods of separation of mineral with the tools used:

• pemisahaan using the hand (hand sorting) this is done in a way to separate minerals based on violence, grain size, shape, color.

• based on the friction• based on the nature of electricity• based on the nature magnitik• based on specific grafity• based on the weight of the media• based on the nature of float / sink• etc.

To obtain a final concentration of mineralprocessing stages required with tools that match,as follows: 

• diminution used grain size communitions (breaker stone tools) such as crusher, grinding.

• product of the crusher / grinding the grains of varying size. To separate the concentrate according to the size butirnya be sizing / measurements.

• classifying• classifying is the separation due to the fall speed• Screening

• Trunk– stem is a filter that is used to separate the

size of Boulder didaerah out early. Filter is placed in the out-first to separate Boulder. Filter size of about 25 mm is made of wood / metal structured such that the order form the wood / metal flat.

The tools there are three types:

• 2nd Plate– Plate is a flat filter (vibrating / resonance) is

created and stratified rock made from steel / metal. Assisted with the separation of particles from the filter the vibration digerakan by tanaga electricity. The size of each hole of the process depends on the next.

• 3rd round– Round the filter cylinder (round / revolving)

that rotates the filter.

The tools there are three types:

• We are doing the classifying and screening to meet the market demand. With provision: 

• Classifying => 20 mesh

• Screening = <20 mesh

Factors-factors that affect the speed of The:

• broad surface

• slope ayaan

• water contents

• of each hole

• the form of mineral

1. Primary Crusher

- Black jaw crusher– Stronger power press– Greater capacity– Products vary

2. dodge jaw crusher– power press weaker– smaller capacity– uniform product

Secondary crusher

• Rool crusher 

Consists of:

• Rigit (both rotary)

• Spring (one of which rotates, while the silent one)

How to Feed infusion: 

– Cuke crusherThat is stacked bait before destroyed

– Free CrushingThat is a little destroyed, but surely destroyed the

ongoing progress

Fine Crushing Fine Crushing using ballmil, roodmil, tubemil.

1. Cascading

putarannya slowly dominate the abrasion

not able to take over

2. Cataracting

Lap slightly faster

Able to bring the material up, and the material falls

Then there were impact

3.kecepatan critical

High speed

All participate because of the style rotary

centripetal

The formula calculates the

speed

Description :N= Round Cell (Rpm)D= Diameter CellR= Fingers CellS= Diameter Mills= Diameter Media BM < 80%

Cascading> 80% s/d 90%

CataractingRM < 50%

Cascading> 50% s/d 60%

Cataracting

N=N=

N=N=

N=N=

R

8,54

D

6,76

sS

2,54

O V O V E R E R