03/06/2015 Modelling of regional CO2 balance Tiina Markkanen with Tuula Aalto, Tea Thum, Jouni Susiluoto and Niina Puttonen

18/04/23

Modelling of regional CO2 balance

Tiina Markkanen

with Tuula Aalto, Tea Thum, Jouni Susiluoto and Niina Puttonen

Contents• Modeling framework in Snowcarbo

• Models

• REMO – regional climate model

• JSBACH – land surface scheme

• Demonstration of model performance

• Regional

• Local

• Conclusions and future perspectives

18/04/23Finnish Meteorological Institute 2

Modelling framework in Snowcarbo

Models applied:

•REgional climate MOdel of MPI -M, Hamburg REMO

Produce regional climatic forcing

•Land surface scheme (LSS) of GCM ECHAM JSBACH

Produce regional CO2 balance consisting of assimilation and emissions in ecosystems


Modelling framework in Snowcarbo

Relatively high spatial resolution

•~18km

High time resolution

•1 hour

Stays close to actual weather of target years 2001-2011

•Climate initialised once per day

REMO and JSBACH are offline coupled

•REMO does not get feedback from JSBACH but interacts with its own surface scheme



Validation against various data

REMO2008 JSBACH

Land cover classification from

remote sensing

Detailed meteorology

Observed climate(ECWMF) CO2 concentration

field 3D

REMO2008 tracer

Anthropogenic and ocean CO2 sources,

fires

Indicators of regional CO2 balance

Vegetation type classification from

remote sensing

CO2 flux (NEE) field 2D

CO2 flux

Flux and concentration data

Snow cover and phenology related

variables

Snow data

Snow data,Phenology, etc.



REMO2008 JSBACH


remote sensing



field 3D

REMO2008 tracer


fires



remote sensing


CO2 flux



variables

Snow data


REMO: forcing and initialisation

Regional climate model requires as boundary data

•Atmospheric conditions

Wind speeds, Temperature, Humidity

•Sea surface temperature, ice cover

•Surface parameter fields

As initial data in addition to those above

•Soil temperature and moisture

Sources of initial and boundary meteorological data

•General circulation models

•Re-analysis data products, here ERA-Interim, ECMWF 18/04/23Finnish Meteorological Institute 7

REMO: basic characteristics• Dynamic core of DWD operational model

• Physics and surface model from ECHAM

• Surface parameter maps for

Surface background albedo, roughness length, vegetation ratio, leaf area index, forest fraction, soil field capacity

• Rotated spherical grid

Close to rectangular

Resolution applied in Snowcarbo 0.1667°


REMO: surface parameter maps

Standard land cover of USGS classified according to Olson cover types (n=100)

Parameter values allocated to each Olson type

Parameters aggregated from 1km USGS map to maps of resolution of the model

In Snowcarbo the USGS map is replaced by National Corine Land Cover (CLC), European CLC and Globcover datasets

Allocations from new land cover classes to Olson ones needed


REMO: influence of land cover – forest fraction


Standard USGS land cover National Corine land cover

REMO:

In this project runs in forecast mode

•Model initialised daily at 6pm

•Spun-up until midnight in order to let the flowfield to develop into a reasonable state

•Run for 24 consequent hours with hourly output

Weather stays close to observed

Sensitive to meteorological boundary

Not very sensitive to surface parameterisation




REMO2008 JSBACH


remote sensing



field 3D

REMO2008 tracer


fires



remote sensing


CO2 flux



variables

Snow data


Modelling framework in Snowcarbo: JSBACHLSS of ECHAM to account for

• Surface energy partitioning – e.g. water balance

• Carbon cycle

In offline coupled mode JSBACH is used to account for ecosystem carbon balance - CO2 exchange

Process model

Processes described down to as small scale as possible

• Limited by computational resources


JSBACH: characteristics• 4 tiles, i.e. 4 PFTs (plant

functional type) for each grid cell

• Photosynthesis of C3 and C4 plants

• Radiation in canopy

• Carbon storages in soil and vegetation

Q10 approach for soil decomposition

• LAI (leaf area index) dynamics described with four phenology models


JSBACH: parameterisations for PFTsTropical broadleaf evergreen treesTropical broadleaf deciduous trees

Temperate broadleaf evergreen treesTemperate broadleaf deciduous trees

Coniferous evergreen treesConiferous deciduous trees

Raingreen shrubsDeciduous shrubs

C3 grassC4 grassTundra

Swamp (not used)Crops

Glacier


• Phenology • Photosynthesis • Carbon storage sizes• Decomposition rates

of carbon storages• Albedo for NIR and VIS• Roughness length,

LAImax, etc.• Dynamic vegetation• Nitrogen cycle

PFT distribution is revised with more detailed land cover products

18/04/23 16

ECHAM5 bottom layer

JSBACH

radiation

Thermal and hydrological conditions

CO2 concentration

H & LE

CO2 flux

Albedo & roughness length

Light absorbtion in canopy

Photosynthesis (unlimited water)

ECHAM soil model

Photosynthesis (water limited)

Carbon pool model + land use change

phenology

Land boundary propertiesLAI

fAPAR

NPP

Gross assimilation, Rd

gc stressed

gc unstressed

18/04/23 17

REMO JSBACH

radiation


CO2 concentration

H & LE

CO2 flux




ECHAM soil model



phenology


fAPAR

NPP


gc stressed

gc unstressed

Offline coupling in Snowcarbo



REMO2008 JSBACH


remote sensing



field 3D

REMO2008 tracer


fires



remote sensing


CO2 flux



variables

Snow data


18/04/23 19

JSBACH



ECHAM soil model



phenology


fAPAR

NPP


gc stressed

gc unstressed

REMO in tracer mode

radiation


CO2 concentration

H & LE

CO2 flux


18/04/23 20

JSBACH



ECHAM soil model



phenology


fAPAR

NPP


gc stressed

gc unstressed

REMO in tracer mode

radiation


CO2 concentration

H & LE

CO2 flux


Observed climate(ECWMF)


fires

REMO tracer run

Uses the same meteorological initial and boundary data as the first REMO run

Additionally

•Gets CO2 flux estimates of vegetation from JSBACH

•Utilizes prescribed anthropogenic and land fire emissions from a database

•Ocean sources from a database

•Requires background CO2 concentrations

Produces 3D CO2 concentration fields


Demonstration of model performanceJSBACH was forced

• regionally with REMO derived climatic forcing

Forecast mode for climate model

Standard land cover in both models

Default carbon storages in JSBACH

• for flux measurement sites Sodankylä and Hyytiälä

About a decade of measurements as climatic forcing

1000 years spin up for soil carbon storages with present climate


Demonstration of model performance

Regional daily average NEE <start animation>



Daily NEE at Sodankylä Scots pine site (gm-2s-1)



Daily NEE at Hyytiälä Scots pine site (gm-2s-1)


Conclusions and future perspectives Assimilation and emissions of CO2 in ecosystems

explicitly modeled

Offline coupled REMO – JSBACH framework produces CO2 balance in high temporal and in relatively high regional resolution

National level estimates of CO2 balance can be extracted from the regional maps

To be done

Evaluation of the results against CO2 flux and concentration data

Adjustment of the relevant parameters in order to produce better regional estimates


Documents

03/06/2015 Modelling of regional CO2 balance Tiina Markkanen with Tuula Aalto, Tea Thum, Jouni Susiluoto and Niina Puttonen