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CITES support to combat illegal trade in Siamese Rosewood
Pia Jonsson
Enforcement Support Officer CITES Secretariat
Regional Dialogue on Preventing Illegal Logging and Trading of
Siamese Rosewood !
18-19 Dec 2014, Bangkok
Outline
I. Short introduction to CITES
II. Siamese rosewood - CITES listing
- Annotation
- Timber trade study
- Illegal wildlife trade data 2013
- Specific case-by-case data of illegal trade in rosewood
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Outline continueIII. Illegal trade in rosewood
- Challenges
- Impact
- How to combat illegal trade in rosewood?
IV. ICCWC support
- Facilitating analysis of national responses
- Strengthening cooperation and coordination
- Building capacity on national level
V. Introduction to ITTO-CITES Program
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I. Short introduction to CITES
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Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES)
➢ Multilateral Environmental Agreement ➢ Agreed in Washington, D.C. on 3 March 1973 ➢ Entered into force in 1975 ➢ Currently 180 Parties
• CITES is the preeminent global legal instrument for regulating international trade in wild animals and plants
• CITES serves to both – facilitate legal, sustainable and traceable trade
– intercept illegal wildlife trade
CITES
CITES Appendices
Appendix I: • Species threatened with extinction. • International commercial trade in wild-taken specimens is
generally prohibited • 3% of all CITES-listed species !
Appendix II: •Species not necessarily threatened with extinction, but for which trade must be controlled to avoid their becoming so. •International commercial trade is allowed but regulated •96 % of CITES-listed species !
Appendix III: •Species for which a country is asking Parties to help with its protection. •International trade is permitted but regulated.
CITES Species
• CITES regulates international trade in approximately 35 000 species of animals and plants – 29,500 Plants and 5,500 Animals
• To date, more than 400 tree species are included in the CITES Appendices
• More than 290 high-value timber species, have been listed over the last two years in CITES Appendix II and III
Dalbergia species listed in CITES11
AppendicesI II III
DalbergiaMadagascar)
Dalbergia cochinchinensis
Dalbergia darienensis[population of Panama
(Panama)]
Dalbergia granadillo
Dalbergia nigra Dalbergia retusa
Dalbergia stevensonii
Dalbergia tucurensis(Nicaragua)
Dipteryx panamensis (Costa Rica, Nicaragua
II. Siamese rosewood
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Dalbergia cochinchinensis
• Dalbergia cochinchinensis , synonym D. cambodiana (Notification to the Parties 2014/061)
• CITES listed in Appendix II
Annotation #5: Logs, sawn wood and veneer sheets
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Definition of logs, sawn wood, veneer sheets
Resolution Conf. 10.13 (Rev. CoP15) Implementation of the Convention for timber species Paragraph c) the following definitions be applied with respect to annotations in the CITES Appendices:
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i)
Logs
All wood in the rough, whether or not stripped of bark or sapwood, or roughly squared, for processing, notably into sawn wood, pulpwood or veneer sheets (HS code
44.03 );
ii) Sawn wood Wood simply sawn lengthwise or produced by a profile-
chipping process. Sawn wood normally exceeds 6 mm in thickness (HS code 44.06 , HS code 44.07 );
iii) Veneer sheets Thin layers or sheets of wood of uniform thickness, usually 6 mm or less, usually peeled or sliced, for use in
making plywood, for veneering furniture, veneer containers, etc. (HS code 44.08)
Definitions15
“Branches and roots, diameter from 2cm to 20cm length between 20cm and 200cm” LOGS?
Timber Trade Study
• CITES Decision 15.35
• The Timber Trade Study will assist the CITES Working Group on Annotations in its review of annotations for tree species included in Appendices II and III.
• The Timber Trade Study focuses on four species listed using annotation #5 (logs, sawn wood and veneer) and annotation # 6 (adds plywood).
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CITES Timber Trade Study Selected species and range countries
• Dalbergia cochinchinensis (Siamese rosewood): range countries in Southeast Asia
• Pericopsis elata (Afromosia, African teak): range countries in central and western Africa
• Swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) and Cedrela odorata (Spanish cedar): range countries in Central and South America
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Trade in specimens of tree species included in CITES Appendices II and III
– Notification to the Parties No. 2014/053 and 2014/057 requests Parties to provide information on trade in tree Appendices II and III species and that are used in the manufacture of wood products,
– Information on trade in products manufactured using Siamese rosewood is of particular interest.
– Information to be provided to the CITES Secretariat by 31 January 2015
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Illegal wildlife trade data 2013
• Notification to the Parties No. 2014/050:
– Seeks 2013 illegal trade data (e.g overall seizure and prosecution statistics) by 19 December 2014.
– Specific case-by-case data of illegal trade in great apes, marine turtles, rosewood and red sander
– Data to be used in a global research and analysis study on wildlife and forest crime made by UNODC with support from ICCWC.
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III. Illegal trade in rosewood
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Illegal trade in rosewood• Substantial volume of CITES listed rosewood is
illegally exported from Madagascar, Southeast Asia and Central America on a regular basis – More than 4,000 tons of rosewood from Madagascar were
seized by authorities in various transit and destination countries between November 2013 and April 2014
– Zero export quota for Dalbergia and Diospyros species from Madagascar until mid August 2015
• The illegal trade in rosewood is lucrative, well organized, transnational, involves corruption and poses an immediate risk to people
– This crime must be tackled as other serious transnational organized crime!
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Impacts of wildlife and forest crime• Security
– personal risks for rangers/park staff
• Rule of law
– unfair competition between legitimate companies, abiding by the laws, and irresponsible actors who make a profit out of circumventing the laws and regulations in this area
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• Economy and ecotourism
– robs the country of revenue !• Livelihoods
– undermines future timber management options and contravenes CITES
• Ecosystems
– damages the integrity of forests
– leads to the unsustainable use of species
Siamese rosewood from Thailand
• Notification to the Parties No. 2014/032 issued 4 July 2014: – Urges all Parties to assist Thailand by checking
shipments of timber, in order to stop any illegal trade in specimens of Dalbergia cochinchinensis.
– Parties that seize illegal shipments of such timber are requested to communicate information about the seizures to the Management Authority of Thailand and to the CITES Secretariat.
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How to combat illegal trade in Siamese rosewood?
• Treat illegal trade in Siamese rosewood as serious transnational organized crime, in legislation and through relevant agencies
o Domestic criminal offences (participation in an organized criminal group, money laundering, corruption and obstruction of justice)
o Law enforcement efforts must result in seizures, arrests, prosecutions, convictions and strong penalties
o Identify key enforcement authorities that need to cooperate
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Law Enforcement Agency (LEA)• A government agency responsible for the
enforcement of the law.
• LEAs operates within a jurisdiction and have geographic restriction on their ability to apply their powers.
• National level: e.g police, Customs, prosecutor, coast guard, military, wildlife enforcement agencies, financial intelligence units, anti-corruption units, etc
• Regional level: ASEANAPOL, RILO A/P
• International level: INTERPOL, WCO
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Law enforcement cooperation
• Strengthen wildlife enforcement cooperation and coordination among law enforcement agencies and wildlife authorities on national, sub-regional, regional and international level
– National level: e.g National Environmental Security Task Force (NEST), National Wildlife Enforcement Networks
– Sub-regional/regional level: e.g ASEAN-WEN
– International level: INTERPOL’s Wildlife Crime Working Group, Operation Cobra etc.
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Strengthen the control of trade in rosewood
• CITES Management Authorities to ensure that CITES permits meet all requirements
• Strict border controls – exports and imports
• Joint cross border operations
• Exchange information about illegal trade in rosewood between source-transit-destination countries so enforcement action can be taken
• Countries are encouraged to participate in international coordinated operations such as Operation Cobra
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Exchange of intelligence/information
• Use existing secured channels for exchange of intelligence!
– WCO
• Rosewood CENcomm
– INTERPOL
• I 24/7 – Global police communications system
• INTERPOL Notices - international requests for cooperation or alerts allowing police in member countries to share critical crime-related information
– ASEANAPOL?
• UNODC –FAO research on the feasibility of an ASEAN-wide mechanism to share intelligence on wildlife/forest crimes.
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Work Intelligence led!30
Law Enforcement
Planning, Decision-
making and Action
1. Planning/decision
2. Collection
3. Processing
4. Analysis
5. Dissemination
Make use existing tools available in the toolbox
• Specialized investigative techniques – Controlled delivery
– Electronic and other forms of surveillance
– Under cover operations/informants
• Follow the money, asset recovery
• Forensic technology
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Long term strategies• Demand reduction
– key role players in the private sector need to be engaged
• High level commitment
– effective implementation of agreed commitments such as the East Asia Summit Declaration on combating wildlife trafficking
• Engagement of local communities
– education and awareness campaigns
• Anti-corruption
– program to combat corruption
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IV. ICCWC-support
International Consortium on Combating Wildlife Crime
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ICCWC - coordinated action to combat wildlife crime
What is ICCWC?36
• Collaborative effort by CITES, INTERPOL, UNODC, World Bank, and WCO
• The Consortium was formally launched in November 2010 during the International Tiger Forum, hosted in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
• Mandate: to supporting national law enforcement agencies, regional wildlife enforcement agreements, bodies and networks in responding to transnational wildlife crime through available expertise and recourses and to raise awareness of wildlife crime.
ICCWC Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit
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Technical resource for countries to undertake a national assessment: !-Understand main issues to wildlife and forest offences !
-Analyse strength and weakness of preventive and criminal justice responses !
-Identify need for technical assistance and capacity building !
-Design work plan for technical assistance and capacity building
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• Legislation !
• Enforcement !
• Judiciary & Prosecution !
• Drivers & Prevention !
• Data & Analysis
Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit
ICCWC tools
!ICCWC Wildlife and Forest Crime Analytic Toolkit See: http://www.cites.org/eng/prog/iccwc.php/Tools
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ICCWC tool
Examples of ICCWC support to combat illegal trade in rosewood
• Operational Capacity Building for countries in Africa and Asia that participated in Operation COBRA II
➢Seizures of rosewood
• Rosewood workshop for Customs officers (WCO)
➢Rosewood CENcomm was set up to facilitate information sharing about illegal rosewood trade
• Request from Madagascar to deploy an ICCWC Wildlife Incidence Support Team (WIST)
• Request from Madagascar to implement the ICCWC Wildlife and forest crime analytic toolkit
• Guidelines for forensic analysis timber species
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Some ongoing ICCWC activities
• Implementation of the ICCWC Wildlife and forest crime analytic toolkit
• Guidelines for forensic analysis of timber species
• Support to Operation Cobra III
• Controlled delivery workshops
• Wildlife Incident Support Team (WIST)
• E-learning module on anti-money laundering
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V. ITTO-CITES Program
ITTO-CITES Program45
ITTO-CITES Program• The ITTO-CITES Program is a multi-year project
between CITES and the INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION (ITTO).
• Overall objective:
• To ensure that international trade in CITES-listed timber species is consistent with their sustainable management and conservation.
• The goal is to help countries strengthen their capacities to:
• make non-detriment findings, • enhance national legislation and enforcement, • generally ensure the effective implementation of
CITES.
!
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• Financial support of the European Union together with other donors (U.S.A, Switzerland, Germany, Norway, Netherlands, Japan, New Zealand and the private sector)
• Phase 1: 2007-2010
• Phase 2: 2012-2015
• A proposal to continue the Program from 2016 is being developed by ITTO and CITES in consultation with the EU and other donors !
ITTO-CITES Program Funding and Duration
ITTO-CITES Program
Scope
• Funds cover 3 tropical regions – Africa, Latin America and Asia
• Focus of assistance on significant exporters of main CITES listed tropical timber species in trade (Pericopsis elata – African Teak/afrormosia; Gonystylus spp. – ramin; Swietenia macrophylla – mahogany);
• Phase 2 extending to
• (Aquileria/Gyrinops spp., Cedrela odorata, Dalbergia spp., Diospyros spp., Prunus africana)
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ITTO-CITES Program for Implementing CITES Listings of Tropical Timber Species
http://www.itto.int/technical_report/
More information
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!ITTO-CITES Program for Implementing CITES
Listings of Tropical Timber Species
http://www.itto.int/cites_programme/
!Video
http://cites.org/eng/cites_itto_151014
