READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.

Answer all questions.Electronic calculators may be used.A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 16.You may lose marks if you do not show your working or if you do not use appropriate units.

At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

CHEMISTRY 0620/42

Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2016

1 hour 15 minutes

Candidates answer on the Question Paper.

No Additional Materials are required.

Cambridge International ExaminationsCambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education

This document consists of 15 printed pages and 1 blank page.

[Turn overIB16 11_0620_42/4RP© UCLES 2016

*5182765417*

The syllabus is approved for use in England, Wales and Northern Ireland as a Cambridge International Level 1/Level 2 Certificate.

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1 Particles behave differently when in different physical states.

(a) Solids have a fixed volume and a definite shape. Gases have no fixed volume and take the shape of the container.

Describe the volume and shape of liquids.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) Complete the table to show the separation, arrangement and movement of particles in eachphysical state.

state separation of particles arrangement of particles movement of particles

solid

liquid touching one another randomly arranged move over one another

gas

[6]

(c) Name the following changes of state.

(i) Ice turning into water.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Solid carbon dioxide turning directly into gaseous carbon dioxide at room temperature.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total: 9]

Liquids have a fixed volume and take the shape of the container in which they are poured

touching regular vibrate

not touchng random random

Sublimation

Melting

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2 This question is about atoms, ions and isotopes.

(a) Define the term nucleon number.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Give the electronic structure of the following atom and ion.

Na ..............................................................................................................................................

P3– ..............................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) State one medical use of radioactive isotopes.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(d) What is meant by the term relative atomic mass?

[2]

(e) Suggest why the relative atomic mass of chlorine is not a whole number.

[2]

The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom is called as the nucleon number

2:8:12:8:8

In the treatment of cancer

Relative atomic mass is the average mass of naturally occuring atoms of an element on a scale where the mass of Carbon-12 is exactly 12 units

Chlorine must have more than one isotope and the masses of these isotopes are averaged . Hence the relative atomic mass of chlorine is not a whole number.

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(f) Aluminium is a metal in Group III.

Describe the bonding in aluminium. Include a labelled diagram and any appropriate charges in your answer.

[3]

[Total: 12]

Aluminium consists of a lattice of Al3+ ions with electrons between the ions .There exists attraction between the positive ions and the sea of delocalised electrons

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3 Clean, dry air contains a small amount of carbon dioxide.

(a) The percentages of the other gases present in clean, dry air are shown in the table.

Complete the table by inserting the names of these gases.

name of gas percentage present

78

21

1[2]

(b) Oxides of nitrogen are atmospheric pollutants which can cause acid rain.

Describe the formation of oxides of nitrogen and suggest how they can cause acid rain.

[3]

(c) Methane contributes to the greenhouse effect.

State two sources of methane.

1 Animal waste

2 Fractional distillation of petroleum[2]

(d) Combustion and respiration add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere.

Name one natural process which removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.

[1]

[Total: 8]

nitrogenoxygennoble gases

Nitrogen and oxygen from the air react in the high temperatures of a car engine to form oxides of nitrogen . These then dissolve in water to form an acid.

Photosynthesis

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4 Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid in some reactions but not in other reactions.

(a) Dilute nitric acid behaves as a typical acid when reacted with copper(II) oxide and withcopper(II) carbonate.

Describe what you would see if excess dilute nitric acid is added separately to solid samplesof copper(II) carbonate and copper(II) oxide followed by warming the mixtures.

copper(II) carbonate

copper(II) oxide

[4]

(b) When dilute nitric acid is added to pieces of copper and heated, a reaction takes place andcopper(II) nitrate is formed.

(i) Part of the chemical equation for the reaction between copper and dilute nitric acid isshown.

Complete the chemical equation by inserting the formula of copper(II) nitrate and balancingthe equation.

3Cu(s) + 8HNO3(aq) → 3Cu(NO3)2(aq) + 4H2O(l) + 2NO(g)[2]

(ii) How is the reaction of dilute nitric acid with copper different from that of a typical metal witha typical acid?

Hydrogen gas is not produced when copper reacts with nitric acid)

[Total: 7]

The bubbles disappear

It dissolves and forms a blue solution

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5 Chlorine, bromine and iodine are halogens.

(a) Chlorine can be made in the laboratory by heating manganese(IV) oxide with concentratedhydrochloric acid.

MnO2(s) + 4HCl (aq) → MnCl 2(aq) + 2H2O(l) + Cl 2(g)

Calculate the volume of 8.00 mol / dm3 HCl (aq) needed to react with 3.48 g of MnO2.

• moles of MnO2 used

• moles of HCl needed

................................ mol• volume of HCl needed

................................ cm3

[4]

(b) A student bubbled chlorine gas into a test-tube containing aqueous potassium bromide.

(i) Describe the colour change seen in the test-tube.

from ............................................................... to ...............................................................[2]

(ii) Complete the ionic equation for this reaction.

Include state symbols.

Cl 2(g) + ......Br –(aq) → ................ + ................[3]

Moles of MnO2 =Mass/Mr=3.48/87=0.04

*Moles of HCl needed= 4 xMoles of MnO2= 0.04*4=0.16

(0.16/8) x 1000 =20cm3

courless yellow/orange /brown

2 Br2(aq) + 2Cl –(aq)

*FromStoichiometry of the equation

0.16

20

Moles of HCl = 4 x Moles of 4

Volume = moles/concentration= 0.16/8=0.02dm3

=0.02 x 1000=20cm3

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(c) When one mole of bromine, Br2, reacts with one mole of propene, one organic product isformed.

(i) Which part of the propene molecule reacts with bromine?

[1]

(ii) What is the name of the type of reaction which takes place between bromine and propene?

[1]

(d) When one mole of chlorine, Cl 2, reacts with one mole of propane, a mixture of two structuralisomers is formed.

(i) What is the name of the type of reaction which takes place between chlorine and propane?

[1]

(ii) Explain what is meant by the term structural isomers.

[2]

(iii) Draw the structure of two structural isomers formed when one mole of chlorine reacts with

one mole of propane.

[2]

Bromination

Substitution

Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers

The C=C double bond

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(e) Iodine forms an oxide which has the composition by mass: I, 76.0%; O, 24.0%.

(i) Use this information to determine the empirical formula of this oxide of iodine.

empirical formula ...I2O5. [3]

(ii) The oxide of iodine in (e)(i) dissolves in water.

Predict and explain the effect of adding Universal Indicator to an aqueous solution of thisoxide of iodine.

effect on Universal Indicator : Turns pinkexplanation .: This is because iodine is a non metal

[2]

[Total: 21]

Moles of Iodine = 76.0 / 127 =0.59 Mole

Hence

I O

1*2=2 2.5*2=5

Moles of oxygen =24.0 / 16.0 =1.5 Mole

Mole ratio 1 : 2.5

Thus making the respective moles as their subscripts we get the following formula

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6 Aluminium is a very important metal.

Aluminium is extracted from its ore, bauxite, by electrolysis. Bauxite is an impure form of aluminium oxide, Al 2O3.

(a) Describe how aluminium is extracted from bauxite. Include an ionic half-equation for thereaction at each electrode.

description

ionic half-equation for the anode reaction

ionic half-equation for the cathode reaction .[5]

(b) Explain why the anodes have to be replaced regularly.

[2]

(c) Give two uses of aluminium and give a reason why aluminium is suitable for each use.

[4]

[Total: 11]

Bauxite is dissolved in molten cryolite. This is because cryolite lowers the melting temperature. Molten aluminium forms at the cathode and Oxygen gas forms at the anode.

2O2– → O2 + 4e–Al3+ + 3e– → Al

Carbon electrodes burn in oxygen hence need to be replaced

Use 1:manufacture of aircraft

Reason 1:low density

Use 2: food containers OR cooking foil

reason 2: Al resistant to corrosionwww.sm

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Question 7 starts on the next page.

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7 Proteins are a major constituent of food.

Proteins are polymers.

(a) What is a polymer?

[2]

(b) Proteins can be converted into amino acids.

(i) Name the type of chemical reaction which occurs when proteins are converted into aminoacids.

[1]

(ii) Suggest a condition needed to convert proteins into amino acids.

[1]

(c) A colourless mixture of amino acids was separated by chromatography. Amino acid X has an Rf value of 0.8. The chromatogram of the mixture after treatment with a locating agent is shown.

solvent front

baseline

(i) How is an Rf value calculated?

Rf =[1]

(ii) On the diagram put a ring around the spot caused by amino acid X. [1]

Polymers are large molecules made from many monomers joinedtogether.

hydrolysis

acid conditions

distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent frontwww.smart

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(iii) Describe how you would perform a chromatography experiment to produce thechromatogram shown in (c). Assume you have been given the mixture of amino acids anda suitable locating agent. You are provided with common laboratory apparatus.

[3]

A mixture of amino acids is placed as a spot onto a (pencil) baseline . The paper is then placed into a suitable solvent.After 10-15 minutes when the experiment gets done ( you cant see the spots yet but you can notice the solvent having moved up),add the locating agent added to the finished chromatogram to reveal spots.

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(d) When one molecule of an amino acid A combines with one molecule of another amino acid B,two different dipeptide molecules could be formed.

Draw the structures of the two different dipeptide molecules. Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds in the linkages.

amino acid A amino acid B

N

H

H

C

O

O H

O

O H

N

H

H

C

[3]

[Total: 12]

N

H

C

O

N

H

C

O

+ H2O

+ H2O

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge International Examinations Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cie.org.uk after the live examination series.

Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.

BLANK PAGE

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Gro

up

The

Perio

dic

Tabl

e of

Ele

men

ts

1 Hhy

drog

en1

2 He

heliu

m4

III

IIIIV

VV

IV

IIV

III

3 Lilit

hium 7

4 Be

bery

llium

9

atom

ic n

umbe

r

atom

ic s

ymbo

l

Key

nam

ere

lativ

e at

omic

mas

s

11 Na

sodi

um23

12 Mg

mag

nesi

um24

19 Kpo

tass

ium

39

20 Ca

calc

ium

40

37 Rb

rubi

dium

85

38 Sr

stro

ntiu

m88

55 Cs

caes

ium

133

56 Ba

bariu

m13

7

87 Frfra

nciu

m–

88 Ra

radi

um –

5 B boro

n11 13 Al

alum

iniu

m27 31 Ga

galli

um70 49 In indi

um11

5

81 Tlth

alliu

m20

4

6 Cca

rbon

12 14 Si

silic

on28 32 Ge

germ

aniu

m73 50 Sn tin 119

82 Pb

lead

207

22 Titit

aniu

m48 40 Zr

zirc

oniu

m91 72 Hf

hafn

ium

178

104

Rf

ruth

erfo

rdiu

m–

23 Vva

nadi

um51 41 Nb

niob

ium

93 73 Tata

ntal

um18

1

105

Db

dubn

ium

–

24 Cr

chro

miu

m52 42 Mo

mol

ybde

num

96 74 Wtu

ngst

en18

4

106

Sg

seab

orgi

um–

25 Mn

man

gane

se55 43 Tc

tech

netiu

m– 75 Re

rhen

ium

186

107

Bh

bohr

ium

–

26 Fe iron

56 44 Ru

ruth

eniu

m10

1

76 Os

osm

ium

190

108

Hs

hass

ium

–

27 Co

coba

lt59 45 Rh

rhod

ium

103

77 Iriri

dium

192

109

Mt

mei

tner

ium

–

28 Ni

nick

el59 46 Pd

palla

dium

106

78 Pt

plat

inum

195

110

Ds

darm

stad

tium

–

29 Cu

copp

er64 47 Ag

silv

er10

8

79 Au

gold

197

111

Rg

roen

tgen

ium

–

30 Zn zinc 65 48 Cd

cadm

ium

112

80 Hg

mer

cury

201

112

Cn

cope

rnic

ium

–

114 Fl

flero

vium

–

116

Lvliv

erm

oriu

m–

7 Nni

troge

n14 15 P

phos

phor

us31 33 As

arse

nic

75 51 Sb

antim

ony

122

83 Bi

bism

uth

209

8 Oox

ygen

16 16 S sulfu

r32 34 Se

sele

nium

79 52 Tete

lluriu

m12

8

84 Po

polo

nium

–

9 Fflu

orin

e19 17 Cl

chlo

rine

35.5

35 Br

brom

ine

80 53 Iio

dine

127

85 At

asta

tine

–

10 Ne

neon 20 18 Ar

argo

n40 36 Kr

kryp

ton

84 54 Xe

xeno

n13

1

86 Rn

rado

n–

21 Sc

scan

dium

45 39 Yyt

trium 89

57–7

1la

ntha

noid

s

89–1

03ac

tinoi

ds

57 Lala

ntha

num

139

89 Ac

lant

hano

ids

actin

oids

The

volu

me

of o

ne m

ole

of a

ny g

as is

24

dm3 a

t roo

m te

mpe

ratu

re a

nd p

ress

ure

(r.t.p

.).

actin

ium

–

58 Ce

ceriu

m14

0

90 Th thor

ium

232

59 Pr

pras

eody

miu

m14

1

91 Pa

prot

actin

ium

231

60 Nd

neod

ymiu

m14

4

92 Uur

aniu

m23

8

61 Pm

prom

ethi

um– 93 Np

nept

uniu

m–

62 Sm

sam

ariu

m15

0

94 Pu

plut

oniu

m–

63 Eu

euro

pium

152

95 Am

amer

iciu

m–

64 Gd

gado

liniu

m15

7

96 Cm

curiu

m–

65 Tb terb

ium

159

97 Bk

berk

eliu

m–

66 Dy

dysp

rosi

um16

3

98 Cf

calif

orni

um–

67 Ho

holm

ium

165

99 Es

eins

tein

ium

–

68 Er

erbi

um16

7

100

Fm ferm

ium

–

69 Tm thul

ium

169

101

Md

men

dele

vium

–

70 Yb

ytte

rbiu

m17

3

102

No

nobe

lium

–

71 Lu lute

tium

175

103 Lr

law

renc

ium

–

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