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Pipeline Course
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Shawn Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.Assistant ProfessorFaculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceMemorial University of [email protected]
ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering
Lecture 08: Mechanical Design – Pressure Containment: Part 1
2 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Lecture 08 Objective
To examine pressure containment requirements for mechanical design
3 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pi
Pe
Pressure Containment Parameters
Pipeline Section ResponseInternal Pressure, Pi
External Pressure, Pe
Nominal Internal Diameter, Di
Nominal External Diameter, De
Nominal Wall Thickness, t
4 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Wall Tension
Pipeline ExampleD = 1.0m, Pi = 10MPa and Pe = 0MPa1,000 tonnes wall force
Pi
PeσH σH
Pi
Pe
5 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Hoop Stress
Free Body Diagram
Thin Wall TheoryMean circumferential stressUniform wall stressTangential stress constantValid for D/t ≥ 20t ≤ 0.10 inner pipe radius
Pi
Pe
σH σH
Pi
Pe
2 0h i i e ot p D p Dσ − + =
6 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Hoop Stress (cont.)Code Requirements
General• External pressure credit• Product type, density• Elevation profile, water depth• Pressure reference
Design factors• No specific technical argument• Historical use• Simple, conservative• Code inertia
Design factors and parameter variation• Safety and cost implication• Wall thickness
Nominal versus minimumFabrication toleranceCorrosion allowance
• DiameterNominal, outside, internal
2i o
h SMYSp D
tσ φ σ= ≤
Pi
Pe
2i i e o
h SMYSp D p D
tσ φ σ
−= ≤
7 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure ContainmentDNV OS-F101
Section 5 D200• plx ≡
pli during operation or plt during system test (Sec.3 B300 and Sec.4 B200)
• pb ≡
pressure containment resistance (Sec.5 D203, Eqn.5.8)
• t1 ≡
characteristic wall thickness (Sec.5 C202, Table 5-2)
• γm ≡
material resistance factor (Sec.5 C205, Table 5-4)
• γSC ≡
safety class resistance factor (Sec.5 C206, Table 5-5)
( )1blx e
m sc
p tp p
γ γ− ≤
8 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)Design Process
Safety class• Sec.2 C200, C300 and C400
Partial factors• γinc ≡
Sec.3 B304• γm ≡
Sec.5 C205 Table 5-4• γSC ≡
Sec.5 C206 Table 5-5• αU ≡
Sec.5 C206 Table 5-5Loads (Demand)• Local pressure (Sec.4 B202; Sec.5 B203 & D203)
Resistance (Capacity)• Wall thickness tolerance (Sec.7 G307 Table 7-18)• Material derating (Sec.5 C300 Figure 2)
( )1blx e
m sc
p tp p
γ γ− ≤
9 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Safety ClassSec.2 C200
10 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Safety Class(cont.)
Sec.2 C300
11 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Safety Class(cont.)
Sec.2 C300
12 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Safety Class(cont.)
Sec.2 C403
13 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Partial FactorsIncidental to design pressure • Sec.3 B300• Pressure control and pressure safety systems
14 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Partial Factors(cont.)
Material resistance• Sec.5 C205
Table 5-4Safety class• Sec.5 C206
Table 5-5
15 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Partial Factors (cont.)Material strength• Sec.5 C306 Table 5-6
16 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
LoadsPressure definitions• Sec.4 B200
17 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Loads (cont.)Local Incidental Pressure• Operations, pli
• System test, plt
18 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Loads (cont.)Local incidental pressure
19 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
ResistanceSec.7 G307 Table 7-18
20 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)
Resistance (cont.)Derating• Sec.5 C300
Figure 2
21 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Pressure Containment (cont.)Pressure Containment Resistance, pb
Sec.5 D203
Wall thickness• Sec.5 C202• Sec.5 D203• Sec.6 D203
Diameter• D ≡
nominal outside diameter Sec.1 D200
( ) 2 23b cb
tp t fD t
=−
( )1blx e
m sc
p tp p
γ γ− ≤
22 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Engineering Design T. Zimmerman, C-FERPRCI R&D Forum April 2003
23 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Probabilistic Basis
LoadDemand
ResistanceCapacity
Target SafetyLevels
24 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
DNV OS-F101 LRFD Format
Risk Basis for Design
Sec.2 C100-500
25 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
DNV OS F101 ⇔ Traditional Codes
LRFD versus Working StressSec.13 E400
26 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01
Calculate the minimum wall thickness to meet pressure containment requirements using DBNV OS-F101 (2007) for a subsea oil pipeline beyond the 500m platform excursion limit.
27 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
Pipeline System ParametersPIPELINE SYSTEM PARAMETERS
Nominal Outside Diameter Do 324mm:=
Initial Selection Nominal Wall Thickness (Sec.5 C203 Table 5-3) tnom 15.9mm:=
Fabrication Process (Sec.7 B300 Table 7-1) [SMLS, HFW, SAW] FAB "SAW":=
Corrosion Allowance (Sec.6 D203) tcorr 3mm:=
Elastic Modulus E 205GPa:=
Specified Minimum Yield Stress (Sec.7 B300 Table 7-5) SMYS 450MPa:=
Speciifed Minimum Tensile Stress (Sec.7 B300 Table 7-5) SMTS 535MPa:=
Coefficient of Thermal Expansion αT 1.15 10 5−⋅ C 1−
:=
Poisson's Ratio ν 0.3:=
Pipeline Route Length Lp 0.75km:=
Linepipe Density ρs 7850kg m 3−⋅:=
Concrete Coating Thickness tc 50mm:=
Concrete Coating Density ρc 3050kg m 3−⋅:=
28 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
Operational Parametersg tc 50mm:=
Concrete Coating Density ρc 3050kg m 3−⋅:=
OPERATATIONAL PARAMETERS
API Gravity API 30:=
Product Contents Density
ρcont 1000 kg⋅ m 3−⋅141.5
131.5 API+⋅:= ρcont 876.2m 3.0− kg⋅=
Design Pressure (Gauge) Pd 12MPa:=
Safety Class (Sec.2 C200-C400) [L, M, H] SC "M":=
Design Pressure Reference Level href 10m:=
Temperature Differential ΔT 75 C⋅:=
Maximum Water Depth hl 120− m:=
Seawater Density ρw 1025kg m 3−⋅:=
Hydrotest Fluid Density ρt 1025kg m 3−⋅:=
29 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
DNV OS F101 Partial FactorsDNV OS-F101 PARTIAL FACTORS
System Operations Incidental/Design Pressure Factor (Sec 3B 304) γinc_o 1.10:=
System Test Incidental/Design Pressure Factor (Sec 3B 304) γinc_t 1.00:=
Material Resistance Factor (Sec.5 C205 Table 5-4) γm 1.15:=
Safety Class Resistance Factor (Sec.5 C206 Table 5-5) γSC 1.138:=
Material Strength Factor (Sec.5 C306 Table 5-6) αU 0.96:=
30 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
DNV OS F101 Wall Thickness ToleranceWALL THICKNESS FABRICATION TOLERANCE (SEC.7 G307 TABLE 7-18)
tfab 0.5mm FAB "SMLS" tnom 4mm≤∧if
0.125 tnom⋅ FAB "SMLS" tnom 4mm>∧if
0.125 tnom⋅ FAB "SMLS" tnom 10mm≥∧if
0.100 tnom⋅ FAB "SMLS" tnom 25mm≥∧if
3mm FAB "SMLS" tnom 30mm≥∧if
0.4mm FAB "HFW" tnom 6mm≤∧if
0.7mm FAB "HFW" tnom 6mm>∧if
1.0mm FAB "HFW" tnom 15mm>∧if
0.5mm FAB "SAW" tnom 6mm≤∧if
0.7mm FAB "SAW" tnom 6mm>∧if
1.0mm FAB "SAW" tnom 10mm>∧if
1.0mm FAB "SAW" tnom 20mm>∧if
:= tfab 1.000mm=
31 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
DNV OS F101 Material DeratingMATERIAL DERATING (SEC.5 C300 FIGURE 2)
ΔSMYS ΔT 50 C⋅−( )30MPa50 C⋅
⎛⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎠
⋅⎡⎢⎣
⎤⎥⎦
50 C⋅ ΔT< 100C<if
30MPa ΔT 100 C⋅−( )40MPa100 C⋅
⎛⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎠
⋅+⎡⎢⎣
⎤⎥⎦
otherwise
:= ΔSMYS 15.00 MPa⋅=
ΔSMTS ΔT 50 C⋅−( )30MPa50 C⋅
⎛⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎠
⋅⎡⎢⎣
⎤⎥⎦
50 C⋅ ΔT< 100C<if
30MPa ΔT 100 C⋅−( )40MPa100 C⋅
⎛⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎠
⋅+⎡⎢⎣
⎤⎥⎦
otherwise
:= ΔSMTS 15.00 MPa⋅=
fy SMYS ΔSMYS−( ) αU⋅:= fy 418 MPa⋅=
fu SMTS ΔSMTS−( ) αU⋅:= fu 499 MPa⋅=
32 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
Engineering AnalysisPRESSURE CONTAINMENT (Sec.5 D200)
Local Incidental Pressure During Operations (Sec.4 B202; Sec.5 D203)
Pli γ inc_o Pd⋅ ρcont g⋅ href hl−( )⋅+:= Pli 14.32 MPa⋅=
Local Incidental Pressure System Test (Sec.4 B202; Sec.5 B203 & D203)
Plt γ inc_t Pd⋅ ρt g⋅ href hl−( )⋅+ γ inc_t Pd⋅ ρt g⋅ href hl−( )⋅+ Pli≥if
1.03 Pli⋅ SC "L"if
1.05 Pli⋅ SC "M"if
1.05 Pli⋅ SC "H"if
:= Plt 15.03 MPa⋅=
External Hydrostatic Pressure
Pe ρw g⋅ hl⋅:= Pe 1.21 MPa⋅=
33 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
Engineering Analysis (cont.)Characteristic Yield Resistance (Sec.5 D203)
fcb min fyfu
1.15,
⎛⎜⎝
⎞⎟⎠
:= fcb 417.60 MPa⋅=
Wall Thickness Requirement - Operations (Sec.5 D202 Eqn.5.7)
t1_oDo
12
γ SC γ m⋅ Pli Pe−( )⋅
2
3⋅ fcb⋅+
:= t1_o 5.66 mm⋅=
Minimum Wall Thickness -Operations (Sec.5 C202 Table 5-2)
tmin_o t1_o tfab+ tcorr+:= tmin_o 9.66 mm⋅=
Wall Thickness Requirement - System Test (Sec.5 D202 Eqn.5.7)
t1_tDo
12
γ SC γ m⋅ Plt Pe−( )⋅
2
3⋅ fcb⋅+
:= t1_t 5.97 mm⋅=
34 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Example 8-01 (cont.)
Engineering Analysis (cont.)
Minimum Wall Thickness - System Test (Sec.5 C202 Table 5-2)
tmin_t t1_o tfab+:= tmin_t 6.66 mm⋅=
Minimum Wall Thickness Requirement for Pressure Containment
tmin max tmin_o tmin_t, ( ):= tmin 9.66 mm⋅=
Wall Thickness Check
tmin_chk "WALL THICKNESS OK" tnom tmin>if
"INCREASE WALL THICKNESS" otherwise
:= tmin_chk "WALL THICKNESS OK"=
35 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
Reading List
Section 5 – DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.
36 ENGI 8673 Subsea Pipeline Engineering – Lecture 08© 2008 S. Kenny, Ph.D., P.Eng.
References
DNV (2007). Submarine Pipeline Systems. Offshore Standard, DNV OS-F101, October 2007, 240p.