09 [20 12]

Ku nopo HaR omfienKa - KpgnHeuwee omKpblm eXX Be aBMUpOBOU qennmno3Ho-figMaJKHOU npOMblwneHHocmu

nal>lfImu uoeeo 6pama, Iappu Jlseoeuva AKUMa, Ueeoywumenn, BUKmopa MUXaUJlOBUlfa HUKumIlHa, omepueuuix B 1955 zoay «ucnopoonyo omtieney uennonosu.

13. n. AKHM, npotpeccop, 4neH

f{oHcynbTaTHSHoro f{oMHTeTa no 6yMare

HApesecHblM npoAYKTaM l!>AO OOH

BHeAasHe~ AViCKYCCVIVI SlKypHalle l.\5K, OTBeyaR Ha sonpocu 0 SKIlaAe OTeyeCTSeH­

HO~ HaYKVI S paaswrue MViPO SO~ l.\5n, HVlK­TO, KcoxaneaVI 10,He scnOMHVlIl 0 KVlCIlOPOA­HO~ oroenae. . . B KOTOPbl~ YlKe pas noaro­pnerca SVlCTOPVlVl Hawe~ crpauu rpaauans­HaR Vl CTVlHa «0 npopoke VI orevecr se»... B TO lKe speMRS MVipe 06 3TOM nOM HilT.

llepeno MHO~ MOHorpacjJVlR no oro ell Ke uenm onoss: [1] , Vl3AaHHail S CWA S 1982 mAY. Ha TViTyllbHOM IlViCTe - AapcTseHHaR HaAnViCb «Ilpotpeccopy lappa AKVlMY ­«OTl.\Y» K VlC IlO POA HO ~ oT6eJl KVI». A rnasa no KVlCIl O POAH O~ ortiense orxpusaerca cnoaa­~1V1 «KVl Cll opoAHaR orbenxa6bllla orxp ura s 1955 mAY POCC VI ~ C K Vl MVI yyeHblMVI fappa AKHMOM ~1 BHKTOpOMHHKHTHHbIM».

00 .. Koma, HaKOHett pyXHyJl «lKell e3 H b l ~

3aHaSeO) VI f. Jl. AKVlM s 1990-e rOAbl OKa­

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ECJlVl npOaHaJlVl 3V1p OSaTb, 4TO s KO p­

He Vl3MeHVlJlOVlMVlAlK MViP OS O~ l.\eJlJl 101l03­H o- 6YM alKH O ~ npO ~'l b I WJleHHOCTVI s rnasax I'IViP O S O ~ 06lljeCTseHHOCT VI VI rll 06aJlbHbiX 3KOll OrVlyeCKVl X opraHVl3al.\VI ~ , TO Ha nep­

soeMeCTOcnpaeeanuao CTasRT KVl CIlOPOA­HylO oT6ellKy. no npasy KVl CJlOpOAHaR OT­6eJlKa paccnarpaeaercn KaK Kpyn H e~ wee

ork pur ae XX sexa s MViPOSO ~ l.\5n . npVl 3TOM uekoropue s Haw e ~ crpaae VlHo rAa

CTapalOTCR He scnO~1V1HaTb , rne VI npVl Ka­

KVl X 06CTORTell bCT sax OH a pOAVl ll aC b...

ECTb lit APYro~ acnexr Y3T0i:1 npotinexsr. ..

Ce rO AHR Mbl MHOro roaopu« 06 VlH­HOsal.\ Vl RX [2] . 0 TOM, YTO MewaeT nepe­

XOAY Ha VlHH OS al.\VlOHHbl~ nyrs passur an, o npoaasoncr ae HaYKoeM KO ~ npoAYKl.\VIVI VI T. A. AOCTaTOYHO yaCTO npaxonar sca cnuur ar s: «A SOT pausui e... .». TaK KaK np061leMbi peall Vl 3al.\ Vl VI , VlIlVl , KaK y Hac npVl HRTOroaopnn, «snenp euaa» pesyns­TaTOSHaY4H biXpa3pa60TOK, nepexona Ha VlHH OSal.\Vl OHHbl~ nyrs pa3sVlTVlR cyuie­CTSOSaJlVl VI r orna VI coxpauaor CSOIO aK­Tyall bH oCT b VI ceronus, npaseny aHaJl Vl3

VlCTOPVlVl K VlC JlO P O A H O ~ oT6eJlK VI . AIlR 60llbw e~ 06beKTVl sHOCT VI , VI 4T06bl Vl 36e­lKaTb 06 s Vl He H VI ~ s 4pe3MepH O ~ npensaa­TOCT VI, 6yfJ:Y onepapoaan, TOll bKOcjJaKTa­MVI VI npOCTpaHHbl MVI l\VlTaTaMVI Vl 3 CTaTe ~

s rasere «Flpasna». a TaKlKe CCblllKaMVI Ha OcjJVI uVI all bHble AOKyMeHT bl.

VlTa K, Vl CTOPVlIO OTKpblTVl R KVlCIlOPOA­HO~ oT6ell KVI IlY4we scero Vl 31l 0lKVlIl M. BaCHH, xoppecnouneur raseru «Ilpaa­aa» -l.\e HTpaJlbHOm Op raaa l.\K KnCe. OH

rpVl lKAbl oopauiancs KVlCTOPVlVl KVl CIlOPOA­H O~ oT6eJlK VI - s Mae 1974 r., xepes ron, s 1975 r.. VI s cepenuue 1980-x rr . (Ceron­HRWH Ril MOIlOAelKbHenpeACTaSIlReT, YTO 3Ha4V1ll a Sr e apeaeua CTaTbR Ha nepaou crp anuu e s l.\O «Ilpaana», a ylK TpVl CTa­TbVl s «Ilpaane» no OA HO~ npotinene ­3TOro, fJ:YMalO, He npVlnOMHVlT HVl KTO.. .) .

CTaTbVl M. BaCVlHa HanVlcaHbl 04eHbnpo­cjJeCCVlOHallbHO, VI R npVl SOlKY VlX npaxravec­

f. n. AKVl M ( 19 60- ~ r.)

B. M. HVl KVl TVlH

KVI nOJlH OCTblO, IlVlWb y6pas <jJaM VlJl VI VI HeKO­

ropux Jl IOAe ~ , KOTOpblXYlKe HeTSlKVl SbIX.. .

3 '. '.I. :". l.\eIlIllOIlO3<l 5yMara KaPTOH

09 [2012]

HeMHOZO ucmopuu•••• «It paeoo», 17 MOH 1974 eooa,

N~ 13 7. Ho nepeoii cmpauuue - cmomss:

«8 uunopmnoi« «opnoe», KpynHoe omesecmeeunoe usotipe­

menue - cnoco6 Om6eJ1KU 4eJ1J11OJ103bl KUCJ10pOaOM - He 6blJ10 caoeapeMeHHo

04eHeHO U noooepncas«: UYWJ10 30 py­tiei«. nO'IeMy)/{e eneopenue npoepeccue­HOiJ meXH0J10ZUU 30aep)/{0J10Cb y HOC?'

B 1971 zoay HO Me)/{ayHopoaHOM cuunosuyue iueeiicuueY'leHble UUH)/{e­nepu eucmynunu C aayMH aOKJ10aOMU o HoaOM cnocotie Om6eJ1KU 4eJ1J11OJ103bl C nonoiuuoKUCJ10pOao. EzonOHaJ1eHUe, 30HBUJ1U iueeou, - KpynHeiJwuiJ30 noc­J1eaHUe oeaouom« nem smannuii WOZ HO nymu coeepuieucmeoeauus meXHO­J10ZUU 06J10Z0pO)/{UaOHUH 4eJ1J11OJ103bl. I..Jm06bl noscuum», 0 '1eM pes», He­CKOJ1bKO CJ10a 0 meXH0J10 ZUU eenpOU3­eoocmea. rpy60 eoeops, opeeecuna CO­cmoum U3 cnecu aayx eeiuecme: 4eJ1­J11OJ103bl UJ1UZHUHO. I..Jm06bl nonyuums nepeyto, HOaO ustiaeumscs om etnopo­ZO. Jl.eJ10IOm 3mo mOK: U3MeJ1b'leHHYIO opeeecuuy eapnm a pacmeope l1leJ10­'1eiJ UJ1U cepnucmoii KUCJ10mbl. lIuZHUH

paspytu ae mcn U nepexooum a PO­cmaop. OaHOKO He eecs - '10Cmb ezo ocmaemcs a 4eJ1J11OJ103e'. 3my '10Cmb HOaO yoanums, UHO'Ie 4eJ1J11OJ1030 He ZOaumCH aJ1H XUMU'IeCKOUnpOMbIWJ1eH­«ocmu, 0 CaeJ10HHOH U3 nee 6yMozo 6bl­cmpee cmopeem U»cenmeem, osasuea­emcs xpynKou U nenpowuoii. 113aJ1eKO­10m J1UZHUH C nonoiuuo XJ10pO U XJ10p ­

cooeoscaiuux eeuiecm e. 30meM PO­cmeop HOnpOaJ1HlOm a ZpOM03aKue U oopoeueouucmnueycmooiicmea.

XJ10P U eeo npooyunu« - ael1lecmao sooeumue. Ho 30MeHbl a0J1Z0 He MOZ­J1U naiimu: J1U ZHUH eecsna ycmoinue U cnpoaumbCH CHUM MO)/{em J1UWb CUJ1b­HblU OKUCJ1UmeJ1b. TOK npOa0J1)/{0J10Cb ao mex nop, noKO He aOZOaOJ1UCb a03­aeiJcmaoaomb HO J1UZHUH KUCJ10pOaOM noa aOaJ1eHUeM npu meMnepomype 100-130 zpoaycoB, a npucymcmauu l1leJ1o'leiJ . OK030J10Cb, '1mo a 3mux yc­

J10aUHX KUCJ10pOa omtenueoem 4eJ1J1IO­J103Y Hexysce, a a nekomopux omnouie­HUHX aO)/{e ny-nue, '1eM XJ10p.

11m OK, nOCJ1e eeooa a oeucmeue nep­eux npOMbIWJ1eHHbIX ycmauoeo« a 1971 zoay uieeocuue cneuuanuctnu HO'lOJ1U 3HepZU'IHO nponaeauoupoeams KUCJ10­poony«: Om6eJ1KY. Hoeotn umo uumepec­HO. nOaKpenJ1HH tnesucu ceoux aOKJ10aOa CCblJ1KOMU HO nameumu, cmamsu UKHU­ZU, euiueoiuue a P03HbiX cmpanax, caoiJ cnUCOK OHU HeU3MeHHO HO'lUHOJ1U co cmamsu B. M. Hukumuna U r. II . AKUMO a )/{ypHOJ1e ((5YMO)/{HOH npOMbIWJ1eH­

noctns»* 30 1960 eoo. 11 eom H cnpauiueao saeeoyioiueeo

Ko¢eapoiJXUMUUapeaeCUHbl Uu,eJ1J11OJ10­3bl lIeHuHzpoacKoiJ J1eCOmeXHU'IeCKoiJ OKOaeMUU UMeHU Kupoea npotpeccopa B. M. HUKumUHO:

- KOKOH caH3b waeaCKoiJ meXH0J10­

ZUU C aoweiJcmomseii? - [OMOH npHMOH. 3mo eeiu. Mbl C

r . II. AKUMOM p03p060moJ1u cnocoti KUC­J10pOaHoiJ Om6eJ1Ku. A 30 py6e)/{OM ezo aoaOaUJ1U ao npOMbIWJ1eHHOZO UCnOJ1b­30aOHUH, npucnocatinueanu aJ1H KOHK­pemuux npouseoocmeenuux Hoa06HOC­meiJ. llleeocuue UOMepUKOHCKue nomen­mu sakpennnom npuopumem HO me oo­nOJ1HeHUH naiuezo cnocotia, «otnopue npoeenu 30py6e)/{Hble cne4U0J1UCmbl.

- A p03ae HeJ1b3H 6blJ10 mo sce COMoe coenoms y HOC?

- MO)/{HO, mOJ1bKO HUKmo 3mUM He 30UHmepeCOa0J1CH.

- nO'IeMy? - Hy, MHe mpyouo zoeopums 30 py­

«oeooumeneii ompocnu . HO'lUHOH C

1955 eooa Mbl He p03 aOKJ10abla0J1U ceou uoeu U CMbICJ1 u306pemeHUH HO meXHU'IeCKOM coeeme nunucmepcmea, numanucs oipopnumt, aemopckoe ceu­oemenscmeo HO usotipemeuue, '1m06bl nomOM30nomeHmoaomb ezo. Aamop­CKOZO caUaemeJ1bCmaO HOM mo zao mOK U He aOJ1U, CJ1eaOBOmeJ1bHO, U 0 nomeHme pe'lu 6blmb HeMOZJ10. A mex­HU'IeCKuiJ coaem po60my HOWy oa06­pUJ1 - U ace. n03aHee C npeaJ10)/{eHUH­MU 0 aHeapeHuu KUCJ10pOaHoiJ om6eJ1­

·npeAweCTBeHH~ K )f(ypHalla «l..\eIlIl IOIl03a. 6yMara . l{apToH.» (np~M . peAaKI.1~~ «1..\61{»).

KU Mbl 06P011l0J1UCb a MUHucmepcmBO J1eCHOU npOMbIWJ1eHHOCmu [[[P, a '1be

eeoenue nepeXOaUJ10 u,eJ1J11OJ103HOe npouseoocmeo, Ho monee He CMO ZJ1U saunmepecoeams:

flCHocmu He npU60aJ1HemCH: noue­MyHe30UHmepeCOa0J1UCb?

Mo)/{em tiumt, aemopu usotipeme­HUH 6blJ1U HOaU'IKOMU a caoeiJotinacmu U He 06J1oaoJ1u «eotixoounu« HOY'lHbIM aemopumemon? He noxosce. XUMueiJ opeeecuuu U J1UZHUHO B. M. HUKumuH HO'lOJ1 30HUMombCH a ApXOHZeJ1bCKOM J1e­COmeXHU'IeCKOM unctnumyme a KOH4e 1940-x eoooe. TOM, a ApXOHZeJ1bCKe, U

pOaUJ10Cb MblCJ1b eosoeiicmeoeams HO J1UZHUH KUCJ10pOaOM. l1aeH 6blJ10 acecmo­pOHHe npoeepena UaemOJ1bHO p03p060­mOHO a Ilenunepooocot; J1eCOmeXHU'IeC­KOiJ auaoenuu. Kyao aetnopnepetuen pa­tiomams. K 1955 zoay, UKOZaO 6blJ10 no­aOHO 30HaKO HO usotipemeuue, ablWJ10 y)/{e mpu ezo cmamsu 06 OKUCJ1eHUU J1UZ­HUHO KUCJ10pOaOM. tlpaeoa, eeoKOJ1J1eZO r. II. AKUM 6blJ1 a mo epen» M0J10a. Ho smom ezo moeooiuuuii «eoocmamo« apHa J1U MOZ CJ1Y)/{Umb OCHoaOHueM aJ1H OmKJ10HeHUH usotipemenus.

Mo)/{emtium« cnoco6, KUCJ10pOaHoiJ

Om6eJ1KU 4eJ1J11OJ103bl, KOKJ1106Hm zoeo­pums npOU3aOacmaeHHUKU, HemeXH0J10­ZU'IeH? Haotiopom, KUCJ10pOa ynpouiaem cxeny Om6eJ1Ku. TeXH0J10ZU'IeCKOH necm­HUU,O, UMelO11l0H a KJ10CCU'leCKOM eapuan­me 6-7 cmyneneii, a HoaOM nemooe co­Kp011l0emCH oo semupex, mpex U aO)/{e aayx anyneneii.

Ioeoa, noscetn6blmb, OH Heeu eooen? TOK ceasams. Oa'lUHKO Hecmoum euoen­KU? 'imo see, npueeoen xomn 6bl mauue

U,U¢pbl. HeMOJ1YIO '10Cmb ecex 30zpH3He­HUiJ CmO'lHbIX aoa a HoweiJcmpane oaem u,eJ1J11OJ103HOe npouseoocmeo. Bsaeucu­«ocmu om nemooa eapuu UOm6eJ1KU KO­J1U'Iecmao '1ucmou aOabl, 30mp0'lUaoe­MOiJ HO mOHHy u,eJ1J11OJ103bl, K0J1e6J1emCH om 200 ao 500 Ky60Mempoa, U '10Cmb ee yxoaum C npeanpuHmuH 30zpH3HeHHoiJ. OpZOHU'IeCKUe ael1lecmao, nonOaOH a peKu U 03epo, omHUMOlOm y aOabl KUC­J10pOa U aeJ1olOm ee HenpuZOaHOU aJ1H )/{U3HU pbl6, aOaOpocJ1eiJ, 60KmepuiJ. XJ10­pupoaoHHble )/{e J1UZHUHbl, 06p03ylOl1lU­

l.\enmollOXl oYJd3fll 1<apruil ••• ••• :.. 4

09 [2012]

ecs npu omtienee, eUje Ufl008Umbl. llpu H080M cnoco6e ynce 8 COM OM

npouecce omtieneu npoucxooum zfly60­KOe OKUCfleHUe OpZOHU'IeCKUX8eUjeCm8, U BpeOHOCmb CmO'lHbIX 800 CHU>K OemCfI 8HeCKOflbKO p03. Yneuuuaemcn KOflU'Ie­Cm80 C6pOCbl80eMOU 800bl. 3mo oaem B03MO>KHOCmb pe3KOyoewe8umb cmpo­umenscmeo O'lUCmHbIXcoopysceuuii. 60­flee mozo. Cmouuue BOObl nocne KUCflO­poouo-iueno -not; omtienku (ompatio ­tnauuue iuenoua) MO>KHOucnonssoeams Oflfl npueomoeneuus 80P0'lHbIXpactneo­p08, mo ecms CH OBO nvcmuttu. 8 oeno ­omkpueaemcn nym« K mony , '1m06bl 30MKHymb 8000060pom, npeepamums uennionosnoe npOU3800cm80 8 tieccmo»­Hoe. OOHO 3mo - '1UCmblepeKU U03epo ­anouno mozo, '1m06bl sausmscn KUCflO­POOHOU om6eflKOU ecepses.

Hoeeo» OHOnoseonsem 6e3 oonon­numensuoiisampomu ope8eCHOZOCblpbfl eLl1e Uyeenuwums 8blXOO uenntonosu HO 3-5 npoueumoe, umo P08H03HO'IHO no­umu nonyeoooeony npupocmy npooYK­l1UU uennonosnoii nponuiuneunocmu. 11 smoHe ece. KO>KOOfi mOHHOuenntonosu yoeiueensemcn HO 5-1 2 py6fleu. TOflbKO HO AMypCKOM l1eflfllOfl03Ho-Kopm OHHoM KOM6uHome smo 06eL110em2,2 MUflflUOHO py6fleu3KOHOMUU 8 zoo.

no OOHHblM Iunoo tiyno, 3KOHOMU­'1eCKOfi 3rjJ rjJe KmUB HocmbYcms-nnun c­KOZO l1eflfllOfl03Ho-6yMO>KHOZO KOM6u­Homo npu KUCflOpOOHO-UjeflO'lHOU om­tiense noeucum cs 8 zoo HO semup e MUflflUOHOpy6fl eU.

Ho noseonsme, YOU8umCfI uumo ­mens, npu '1eM 30eCb AMypCKUU UYcms­t1flUMCKUU KOM6uHom bl, eCflU uoefl nOKO He npU3HOHO ?

OWU6KU HUKOKOUHem. PfiOHOy'l HO­UCCfle0080meflbCKUXUnpoeKmHO-KOHcm ­pyKmopcKUXOpZOHU30U,UUy>Ke 8KfllO'IUfl­CfI 8 p03po60mKyUnpoeKmup080Hue YC­mOH080K Oflfl KUCfl OpOOHO-Uj eflO'lHOU om6eflKU l1eflfl lOfl03bl. llieflo'lHo-KUCflO­pOOHylO cxeMy, KpOMe mozo, KOK 80pU­OHm HOMe'leHOnpUMeHumb HO T080UHC­KOM, EHuceUCKOM Uopyzux l1 eflfllOfl03HO­6yM O>KHbIX KOM6uHomox, 0 HO XepCOHC­KOM mOKOfi ycmoH08KO (np0800, onblm­Ho-npOMbIWfleHHOfl) y>Ke nyUjeHO.

3mo npOU30WflO nocne mozo,KOK HO­8blM cnocotion 30UHmepeC080flCfI rOCKO­numem no HOyKe U meXHUKe. Bcneii 30 men uumepec noseuncs Uy MUHucmep­cmea l1 eflfllOfl03HO-6YMO>KHOU nponuiu­neuuocmu CCCP, npoeumno-eoncmpy«­mopCKUX uucmumymoe, npeonpuflmuu. 'Iymb pouuue, 81970 eoov , B. M. HU KU­muuy U F. fl . AKUMy 8bl00HO aemapckoe ceuoemenscmeo HO KUCflOPOOHblU cno­co6 omtiensu uenntonosu C npuopume­mOM... om 1955 eooa, a 8cKope - eUje uenuii 80pOXceuoemenscme HO usotipe­menus, C8f13 0HHble C oemanenu smoeo nemooa. np0800, namenmoey HOCHem , HOmym y>Ke HU'IeZOHe nooenaeius.

Enu sumcn rjJUHUW uaiu eeo noe e­cm8080HUfi. TOflbKO 80m omeema HO 80n­pOC, C «omopoeo Mbl HO'lUHOflU, 8ce eUje Hem. Iomo nputiaeunocs HeooyMeHuu. Hanpunep, nO'ieMy usotipemenue, 8bIZO­ObI «omopozo cmons MHOzo06p03Hbl U 0'l e8UOHbl, npU3HOHO Ueueopnemcn me­neps, HO He tiuno npU3HOHO U «He no­tuno» 8 1955 zooy?

Eouncmeenuan npU'IUHO cnyuueiue­ZOCfI, «omopyto ceinac MO>KHO euneums, npeoenuio npocmo U youeumensuo. B usotip emen uu Hukumuna U AKUMO 8 1955-195 7 eooax p060mHuKu MUHU­cmepcmea l1 eflfl lOfl03HO-6YMO>KHOU npo­nuumenuocmu He yeuoenu HU'IeZO HO­80Z0. (fJ,0-00 8 1970 zooy H08U3HO yc­mOH08fleHO, 081955-101 ee 06Hopy>KUmb He CM OZflU), U OOHO>KObl, ycmae om HO­CmOU'IU80CmUnpodieccopc HUKumUHO, 8 omoene usotipemamenscmea nunuanep­cmea mOK P03bflCHUflU C8010 n03Ul1UIO:

- Hy, '1ezo 8bl006U80emeCb, BUKmop MUXOUfl08U'I? nOflO>KO pyKy HO cepOl1e, mym UZ080pumb-mo He 0 '1eM. 606bl HO Pycu KUCflOpOOHOU om6eflKou 30HUMO­IOmCfI C He30nOMflmHblX8peMeH. H08UHY 8blmKOflO - OHOcepofl. Bbl6pocum ee HO COflHbIWKO, HO CHez, - KU CflOPOO U 6e­flUm. . . A 8bl mpe6yeme 08mopcKoeC8U­oemeflbcm80 00 eUj e z080pume: 8He­0pflmb Hy>KHO.

TeXHU'I eCKOe He8e>KeCm80 - mO>Ke, KOHe'lHO, n03Ul1UfI, xomfl U mpyoHo no­8epumb 8 cmOflb nop03umeflbHYlO He­KOMnemeHmHocmb fllOoeu, cmoflUjux y pyfl fl meXHU'IeCKOU nOflumUKU u,efl OU

ompocnu. Bpflo flU MO>KHO 30n0003pumb UX U 8 npueepscennocmu 06BemWOflO­My npeopOCCYOKY HOC'Iem npoposoe 8 C80eM omeuecmee. Cym», nOXO>Ke, 80PY­ZOM: ecnu usotip emenue npusuaemcs cmOflLl1 UM, CP03Y803HUKoem nootinena eneopeuus, A 3mo oeno He npocmo e. Hy>KHbl OCCUZH080HUfI, npoeKmHO-KOH­cmpykmopcuue0PZOHU3011UU, rjJOHObl HO «amepuanu, 60mOfl UU C «auiuuocmpo­umennnu . Xnonotnno osens. Hy>KeH U useecmnuii UH>KeHepHbIU pUCK: a 80PYZ He nonysum cn? Ho 80m eonpoc: pOOU «eeo cyemumscs U PUCK080mb ? Om­peens potiomoem ycmOU'IU80, cnpoc HO npoayuuuo eutu e B03MO>KHOCmeU. 'Im o eUje HOOO ? He omcmoms om MUp080Z0 meXHU'I eCKO ZO YP08HfI ? fJ,0 eeo» yp o­8eHb-mo - 8eUjbomHocumeflbHOfl: «mo eeo mO'IHO usnepum?

TOK umo 60z C neil, C H08U3HOU, 00 U C 8blZOOOU - nosoil oopoiee.

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5 . I ' • f • :" I ~fl n lOl103ll 5yMara KapT

09 [20 12]

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I 09[20 12]

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7 L\enmon03a 6YMaraKapTOH

09 [2012]

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l.\enmoJJ03a 6YMara KaPTOH • I' • • " :" • 8

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Mbl nOKO ew, e enepeou. - 51 UMe lO a auay namepuans uyto 603Y. COJaOHO 110­tiooamopun, 0 '1eM WIIO pe-n . a 1975 zoay? - !J.o, ee 0pzoHu30aollu a BOCb­nuoecnmon. 3mo 30CllYZO npescnezo eeueponsuoeo ou pekmopa BHnO EyM ­npoua. 3a ecb fI npepay npodieccopo AKUMO - eeoOKOaeMU'IeCKU euoepscan­HblU ctnuns U3110)/(eHUfi »eno He coom­eemcmeyem 30CllYZOM uoeoeo eeuou­oesmopo - A. neanoea. £ZO aKIIOa: ecsope nocne ecmynnenus B aon»: nocms, a 1983 ZOIlY, AHomolluu n eo­HOaU'I1I060pomopulO nuueuoupoeon ­C03aOll ceumop, Buecmo nnmnabuomu compyonuuoe cmano oecnm i , OaHOKO even, umo coenan monuco n0J10auHY oena. /II a KOHu,e 1985 eooa, eooa no­eopoma K HOy'lHo-mexHu'IecKoMy npo­epeccy, eoece soepun smo noopasoe­nenue. ocmaeue npu noeoii meXH0J10­zuu IIUWb aayx compyo uueoe. lfmo ­zeHepollbHblU oupeemop BHnO He ae­aoem, '1mo maopum? B3mo Hell b3f1 no­aepumb. KOK U a mo, '1mo A. /IIa oHoa U 6110Z ocllo Buawu e ezo HO 3mo MUH U­cmepcmao J1eCHOU, u,eJ1IOJ103HO-6YMO)/(­HOU U aepeao06p060mblaOIO w,eu npo­MbIWJ1eHHOCm u CCCP 3060 mull ucb 0

meXHU'IeCKOM npozpecce ompocllu. no­Hffmb cyab6y U ycmoHoaoK KUCIIOpOa­Ho-w, eIlO 'lHOU om6ell Ku, U eaUHcmaeH­HOZO a cmpoHe uccll eaoaomell bcKozO nOap03aell eHufi 3mozo nporjJull fi MO)/(­HO IIUWb a mOM clly 'loe, eCllu npeano­1I0)/(Um b, '1m o OHUKOMy-mo MeWOlO m ­Hy , CKO)/(eM, )/(Umb cnOKOUHOU )/(U3 HblO.

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KO Bycmanoeo« KUCIIOpOaHOZO tuenoue­HUff (y npoiue nna» , tionee oeuieeon 140­aUrjJ UKO U, UfI cnocotia): 0 eceeo 06p060­mueaemcs ceuuoc C nOMow,blO KUCIIO­poao OKOIIO nonoeuuu eceii npOU3BO­ounoi: a nupe tieneuoii u,eIlIlIOII03bl. B nebaeno euiueiuueii a CiliA rjJyHaoMeH ­mOllbHou MOHOZpOrjJuu pctioma B. Hu­KumUHO U F. AKUMO ouenueaemc» KOK OaUH U3 aO)/(HeUWUX smanoe BP03BU­muu meXHOIlOZUU omtienku u,ellJ1IOJ10­3bl... !J.yMOIO, nooeooums umozu CKO­30HHOMy , ynperam» KOZO-J1u60 Hem Hy)/(abl. Bce U mOK flCHO, «ucmopus» eoeopum COMO 30 ceti». 30 oecnm« netn nonnocmsio otin emen 6YMO)/(HbiU no­«poe, «otnopu« wm 06 otnpocnu npu­«pue on caoe 6e3aeuc maue, uneptn­nocms MbIWJ1eHUfI, neyneuue UJ1U aO)/(e nescenanue uomu a HOZy C meXHU'IeC­I KUM npoepecco«. KOPOJ1b np eocman ZOll bIM. Been aUaHO ?

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KO HmpOllfl? BepHO, 6blll U co06 w,e HUff U3 MUH 6yMnpOMO : aUHoaombl, aec­Komb, UcnpOBUMCfI. Eblll U U 3aOHKU B. HUKum UHO: - Cnocu60, nOMOZII U - a MUHucmepcmae 30weaellUlluCb! !J.ello nowllo ! Bbl npeacmoaumb He MO)/(eme, KOKOU 3mo aocm 3rjJrjJeKm a Mocwmo­60x cmpoHbl! 3mo, KO He'lHO, onpoaao­Hue: y)/( eCllu cmOllbKO npemepneBWUU nO)/(UIIOU nporjJe ccop noaepUII, '1mo aello nOWIIO, KOK )/(ypHOllucmy He no­aepumb. B mo, '1 ezo XO'lemCfI, mOK lIez­KO BepUWb. .. M. BAC/IIH.

09 [2012]

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09[2012]

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1990 68,6 6A 9,81 32.2 38.25 3.0 4.84 0,0 15.7 0.6

1991 69,5 13,8 10,45 51,4 38,26 7,7 5,89 4,2 16,1 6,8

1992 71.7 24.0 11,71 76,3 38.27 14,2 4,48 1.8 16,5 12.7

1993 73,5 30,5 12,90 78,4 38,13 20,7 5,51 21,8 16,9 18,9

1994 76,0 38,4 14,78 80,8 38.27 30.0 5,48 29,4 17.5 24.0

1995 78,1 44,3 15,28 76,8 38,73 42,4 6.16 31,7 17,9 25,1 (1996 79,6 47,7 14.98 77,6 39.31 47.0 6.18 37,2 19.2 29,2

1997 81,4 52,0 15.51 74,7 39,41 55,7 6.72 37,5 19.6 31.6

1998 82,2 55,8 15,05 73,3 39,07 63,0 6.9 39,6 21.1 35,S

1999 81.5 61,7 14,51 73,6 39.04 73,2 7,09 41,9 20,9 38,8

2000 83.2 67.3 13,82 72.3 39.03 80,1. 7,75 50,1 22,7 47.6

2001 86,7 76,2 14.00 76,0 38.06 95,5 7.31 52,8 27,4 55,8

2002 89.1 76,0 14,37 77,5 38,33 95.0 7.79 59,3 28,6 54.2

2003 89.6 78,5 14,81 78,3 37,59 97,4 8,47 69,2 28,8 56,3

200/, 89,6 80,4 14.81 78,3 37,01 97,9 9,21 77,7 28,6 59.4

2005 91,4 82,7 14,77 78,3 36,09 98,6 9,66 88,7 30,9 64,4

2006 93.5 85.2 14.77 78,3 38,19 98,7 11,58 90.6 32,0 71.9

2007 98,7 89,4 14,69 80,9 38,19 98,7 14,26 92,2 34,5 82,3

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