Piaget Preoperational thoughtFocus on individualDevelopment of
symbolic thought and languagePermits symbolic thinkingFrees child
from limits of sensorimotor experienceEgocentrism
self-centerednessSeeing the world from your own point of
viewConservation of matter
Vygotsky Social learningFocus on sociocultural aspectsGuided
participationE.g. MentorOther childrenZone of Proximal
development
Items child can perform with assistance, but not on her
own.ScaffoldingActive help with learningE.g. Parent providing
active help with math homeworkNot doing it for himNot having him do
it all himselfPrivate speechInternal dialogueAids thinking &
self-reflectionUsed by preschoolers to explain things to
themselvesTo be encouragedChildrens TheoriesTheory-TheoryTheory of
the mindTheory-TheoryChildren attempt to explain everythingWhat is
the purpose of somethingWhy? = How does it affect me?CauseTheory of
the mindAbility to conceive what someone else is
thinkingUnderstanding that other people may not be thinking the
same thoughts as you are.LyingConfusing what they know now withWhat
they knew earlierWhat something else might thinkRed box blue box
exampleLanguagePremier accomplishment in early childhoodVocabulary
explosion by fastmappingAdding words to a category without fully
understanding itE.g. Zebra = a horse with stripesEarly Childhood
EducationChild-centered programsStress childs development and
growthMontessori schoolsReggio Emilia approachLearn through play
not following adult directionsChildren learn from other
childrenMontessori schoolsMaria MontessoriIndividual activity
(mats)Each child progresses at their own ratePlay activities teach
Fine motor development, numbers, math, letters, vocabularyReggio
Emilia approachFocus on creativityLow teacher/student ratioTeacher
directed programsAcademic subjectsLetters, numbers, shapes, colors1
teacher to entire classClear distinction between work and playHead
StartPreschool education programFocused on disadvantaged (low
income) childrenMore likely to attend college and stay off
welfare
