October 19, 2009

PROPOSAL FOR THE DUAL PROGRAM: MSc/PhD in CRANIOFACIAL SCIENCE/DIPLOMA IN GRADUATE

ORTHODONTICS PROGRAM

FACULTY OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

2010

Dr. Edward Putnins, Associate Dean, Research and Graduate/Postgraduate Studies

Dr. Virginia Diewert, Head, Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Dr. Edwin Yen, Dept. of Oral Health SciencesDr. Alan Lowe, Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Dr. Sandra Fastlicht, Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

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Contents

Page

Proposal for the Dual Program: MSc or PhD in Craniofaical Science and 3 Diploma in Orthodontics graduate program

Appendix 1: New courses required for the combined MDSc/Diploma in Orthodontics program 18

Appendix 2: Thesis requirements for the Dual MDSc/Diploma in Orthodontics Program 41

Appendix 3: Thesis requirements for the dual PhD/Diploma in Orthodontics program 45

Appendix 4: Letter from the Dean of the Faculty of Dentistry 51

Appendix 5: Letter from the Associate Dean of Clinical Affairs 52

Appendix 6a: UBC Curriculum Proposal Form ChangeTo Program 54

Appendix 6b: UBC Curriculum Proposal Form ChangeTo Program 55

Appendix 6c: UBC Curriculum Proposal Form ChangeTo Courses 56

Appendix 7: UBC Library Curriculum Consultation 58

Appendix 8: Budgetary Impact of Curriculum Proposal 60

Appendix 9: Graduate Orthodontics timetable 61

Appendix10: UBC Curriculum Consultation Request 69

Appendix 11: Written Case Report Form 72

Appendix 12: Seminar Evaluation Form 75

Appendix 13: Special Needs Presentation Evaluation Form 76

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Proposal for a Graduate Program in Orthodontics

I. General Information a. Program Title: Graduate Program in Orthodonticsb. Degree Title: M.Sc. (Craniofacial Science) or Ph.D. (Craniofacial

Science)c. Diploma Title: Diploma in Orthodontics (Dipl. Orthodontics)d. Department: Oral Health Sciencese. Faculty: Dentistryf. Anticipated Implementation: September 2010g. Proposers: Drs. E. Yen, A. Lowe, V. Diewert, S. Fastlicht

h. Description: this program will be uniquely designed to optimize the training for future academic leaders in Orthodontics to serve in university, research and health care institutions. In addition to exceeding guidelines for Canadian accreditation of specialty programs in Orthodontics leading to licensure in Canada and the USA, this program will prepare its graduates to pursue advance research training, and to conduct, coordinate and administer undergraduate and graduate clinical training programs in Orthodontics in university, hospital and multidisciplinary training environments in Canada, USA and international jurisdictions.

i. Accreditation: This professional graduate program in the specialty of Orthodontics will prepare graduates for eligibility for the National Dental Specialty Examination in Orthodontics of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada, the American Board of Orthodontics, the European Board of Orthodontics, and similar international specialty examination bodies. The program will be subject to the guidelines and review processes of the Commission of Dental Accreditation of Canada.

II. Rationale for Programa. Preparation of Orthodontic academic leaders: Orthodontics is one of the two

original recognized specialty areas in Dentistry and certainly the largest in terms in number of practitioners worldwide. The majority of dental graduates applying for specialty training pursue Orthodontics. There are five graduate Orthodontic programs currently in Canada and fifty-five in the United States. Over at least the last decade, there has been a developing crisis in the capacity of university programs in North America and many international venues, to recruit new faculty who will be successful in the current and future university research and teaching environment. The challenges of active learning formats, expanding curricula, demand for critical analysis of new literature sources, and competitive nature of funding sources for scholarly activity require an innovative curricular design that will prepare candidates for advanced research training plus the skills and experiences required for excellence in teaching and administration in education and institutional environments.

b. Need for Orthodontic specialty education capacity: There are only 20 positions currently in Canada with the focus primarily on producing private practitioners.

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Because of the demand of applications from dental graduates, most Canadian graduates must apply to American programs with increased expense and disruption to their professional careers. Those pursuing advanced education in the USA are heavily recruited to remain in the USA as future faculty members due to the shortage of faculty as described above. In addition, there is tremendous demand from international dental applicants for Orthodontic specialty education leading to academic careers, which in turn would provide a new source for future faculty recruitment in Canada and the USA.

c. Professional Collaboration with Orthodontic professionals: Orthodontic specialty training requires a symbiotic relationship between Orthodontic local specialists and the university program. The viability of specialty programs in smaller university centres in Canada is subject to the availability of part time faculty from the private practitioner community. Major centres have the practitioner pool, patient pool and multidisciplinary institutional environments to support excellence. In return, the practitioner community requires continuing education, authoritative expertise and applied research evaluation of new technology and developments to maintain their professional standards and indeed the privilege to practice with government licensure. Currently, almost all of the Orthodontic continuing education and authoritative expertise must be sought outside of Canada. Finally, the private practitioner community requires a source of high quality graduates to maintain and expand the workforce capacity of the Orthodontic community. The generation of new specialists of the quality commensurate with the expectations of the local community will be optimized with the presence of a graduate program whose excellence is dependent upon local specialists.

d. Community Service: Orthodontics is one of the few services not supported completely by government or private health insurance plans. Even severe craniofacial anomaly programs and First Nations dental health programs suffer from limited funding and access to care issues. Urban populations and new immigrant populations are among those least likely to afford Orthodontic care despite the severity of craniofacial and malocclusion conditions. University graduate programs traditionally serve a population that is not addressed by the private practitioner community due to economical and access limitations.

e. Educator training: Graduate students in Orthodontic will provide a core cohort of teachers trained in the pedagogy of clinical education in a curriculum of active and critical learning supported by digital and internet technology. Interaction with multidisciplinary specialties will develop interprofessional and administrative skills in hospital and community clinical sites.

f. Scientific and critical analysis training: The ability to analyze and evaluate literature related to Orthodontics and to develop the strategies and intellectual framework to advance oral health care in Orthodontics have been inadequate in traditional programs and are an essential requirement to encourage Masters/PhD graduates to pursue advanced research training and academic research careers. This program will develop those skills in developing inquiry based educational formats through Problem-Based Learning sessions at both the undergraduate and

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graduate level together with critical thinking course and seminar sessions involving literature review.

g. Research: Areas of research most lacking in Orthodontics are clinical outcomes analysis and population health studies. The ability of a graduate program to generate population and patient databases will provide a resource that would not otherwise be possible by individual researchers. These skills would most benefit the local private practice community who provide the bulk of treatment and are constantly faced with new techniques and technology. Evidence-based orthodontics would benefit from the generation of clinical databases given the comprehensive protocol that Orthodontics demands for patient records and the long term pattern of Orthodontic care. Government and health care provider agencies are faced with balancing increasing demands for craniofacial and dentofacial services against limited resources and the requirement for needs analysis to assist in determining care distribution.

h. Benefit to Undergraduate Orthodontic Education: The presence of a graduate clinic will provide the opportunities for undergraduates to rotate through clinics to observe more advanced therapies unavailable in undergraduate environments together with a cohort of graduate student colleagues who will be much more accessible as clinical teachers. The juxtaposition of the patient distribution between the two clinics will help the undergraduate student to better understand the context that will best serve each patient’s interests according their need. Finally the all important professional communication protocol between generalist and specialist will have an opportunity to be developed prior to graduation. Graduate Orthodontic students will receive specialized training as educators and clinical instructors through seminars coordinated through the Centre for Teaching and Academic Growth (TAG) and the Division of Orthodontics.

i. Enrollment Projections: Almost 100% of new faculty recruits in Orthodontics in Canada and a similar percentage in the USA have been international graduates. While this provides excellent opportunities for international graduates with some risk of depleting their own national resources, this is not a sustainable strategy. The UBC proposal will enroll 3 graduate students per year into a combined Masters of Science degree plus Diploma in Orthodontics 3-year program. At full enrollment there will be 9 such graduate students (3 in each stage of the program). In addition, there will be simultaneously one or two students enrolled in the combined Ph.D. degree plus Diploma in Orthodontics 6-year program. Applicants will be recruited nationally and globally.

j. Other Specialty Graduate programs: Wherever possible, the Orthodontic graduate students will participate in existing courses with other dental specialty students. In addition, interaction with other dental and medical specialty students or residents will be promoted through interdisciplinary clinics (for example, Periodontics, Pediatric Dentistry, Craniofacial Plastic Surgery, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Prosthodontics) at UBC, or affiliated hospital and community sites.

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III. Program Specificationsa. Admission Requirements:

i. Doctor of Dental Surgery or Doctor of Dental Medicine or equivalent undergraduate dental degree. Students entering directly to the Dual Ph.D./Diploma option without a Master’s degree must, during the first year of study, complete 12 credits with a first class average of which at least 9 credits must be at the 500-level or above and at least 9 credits must be no less than ‘A-’ (at UBC, 80%), to maintain registration as a doctoral student.

ii. Research experience or demonstrated potentialiii. 3 letters of referenceiv. TOEFL score of 580 (paper based) or equivalent for computer-based testv. Biographical essay

vi. Interview (if short listed)b. Program course requirements

i. Students must successfully complete and pass all required courses in addition to patient care of all assigned cases to the satisfaction of the Program Director and clinical instructors. (See table of required courses and descriptions in section IV, “Course Requirements”, page 7).

c. Master’s Thesis requirement/Ph.D. Thesis requirement (Craniofacial Science)i. Students must fulfill program requirements for research and thesis

completion including oral presentation and defense and submission of manuscript for publication peer review. Requirements are described in the current MSc program (see Appendix 2) or current Ph.D. program (see Appendix 3).

ii. Note Completion of the diploma program in Orthodontics requires successful completion of all clinical and didactic course requirements and successful defense of the respective thesis and submission to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. The diploma and degree program requirements must both be completed before the student will be awarded the diploma and degree at graduation.

d. Examinationsi. Courses will be evaluated individually.

ii. Research and Thesis progress and completion will be evaluated by each student Thesis Supervisory Committee which will meet with the respective student semi-annually and file a report with the Graduate Studies Office of the Faculty.

e. Areas of Graduate Researchi. The particular interests of the students will determine the area of research

from a wide range of clinical and laboratory research currently in progress within the Faculty of Dentistry. In addition, research opportunities are available through collaborators in the Faculty of Medicine who are cross appointed in various institutions such as BC Children’s Hospital and other related academic units in the University.

f. Pedagogical Training

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i. All graduate students will be required to teach in the undergraduate curriculum especially in the Orthodontic didactic and clinical components. All graduate students will be required to maintain a teaching portfolio with a log of training sessions, workshops, teaching activity, self and peer evaluations and scholarly productivity

IV. Course Requirementsa. See Table 1a for courses that will be required for the dual Masters degree and

Table 1b for the dual Ph.D. degree and Table 1c for courses that will be required for the Diploma.

Table 1a

Masters Courses Credit Value

Hours Type Year Instructor

DENT 540(Research Methods)

6 72 Seminar 1 D. Brunette

DENT 515Craniofacial GrowthAnd Development

6 72 Seminar 1 J. Richman/E. Yen/V. Diewert

DENT 599( Thesis)

18 1,2,3 Supervisor plus committee

Totals 30 144

Table 1b

PhD Courses Credit Value

Hours Seminar/Clinic

Year Instructor

DENT 540(Research Methods)

6 72 Seminar 1 D. Brunette

DENT 515Craniofacial GrowthAnd Development

6 72 Seminar 1 J. Richman/E. Yen/V. Diewert

DENT 649( Thesis)

0 1,2,3,4,5,6

Supervisor plus committee

Totals 12 144

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Table 1cDiploma Courses Credit

ValueHours Type MSc/PhD

YearInstructors

DENT 555(Oral Radiology)

3 24 Seminar 1 D. MacDonald

DENT 543(Adv. Occlusion andArticulation)

3 36 Seminar 2/5 A. Hannam/D. Tobias

DENT 510A(Biomechanics of CF Orthopedicsand Orthodontics I)

8 138 Seminar 1 E.Yen/L.Wang/A.Strelzow/S. Chiang

DENT 510B(Biomechanics of CF Orthopedicsand Orthodontics II)

8 138 Seminar 2/5 E.Yen/L.Wang/A.Strelzow/S. Chiang

DENT 516A(Orthodontic and CF Orthopedic Patient Care I)

8 138 Seminar 1 S.Fastlicht/D.Sonya/P.Witt/E.Yen/

DENT 516B(Orthodontic and CF Orthopedic Patient Care II)

8 138 Seminar 2/5 S.Fastlicht/D.Sonya/P.Witt/E.Yen

DENT 516C(Orthodontic and CF Orthopedic Patient Care III)

8 138 Seminar 3/6 S.Fastlicht/D.Sonya/P.Witt/E.Yen

DENT 728A(Orthodontic and CF Orthopedic Clinic I)

8 552 Clinic 1 D. Kennedy,L.Williams adjunct clinical instructors

DENT 728B(Orthodontic and CF Orthopedic Clinics II)

12 736 Clinic 2/5 D. Kennedy/L.Williams adjunct clinical instructors

DENT 728C(Orthodontic and CF Orthopedic Clinic III)

12 736 Clinic 3/6 D. Kennedy/L.Williams adjunct clinical instructors

DENT 731A(Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care I)

2 138 Seminar/ Clinic

1 A.Lowe/A.Loo/ P.Pocock/S.Fastlicht/F.Almeida

DENT 731B(Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care II)

2 138 Seminar / Clinic

2/5 A.Lowe/A.Loo/ P.Pocock/S.Fastlicht/F.Almeida

DENT 731C(Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care III)

2 138 Seminar / Clinic

3/6 A.Lowe/A.Loo/ P.Pocock/S.Fastlicht/F.Almeida

Totals 84 3188

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b. Summary of New Courses Required for Implementation of the Program (full details in Appendix I)

DENT 515 Craniofacial Growth and Development UDescriptionU: A series of weekly, two-hour seminars for the first year. Contemporary literature will be reviewed. Where possible, seminars will be conducted with graduate students from other disciplines. UObjectivesU: Upon completion of the course, the student will be able to review the current and classic literature upon which contemporary clinical pediatric dentistry and orthodontics is based. UContentU: Seminars will be conducted to review the research and the empirical evidence supporting the clinical practice of pediatric dentistry and orthodontics. Emphasis will be on current literature with a viable connection to the historical background of the discipline to allow a broader understanding of the topics. Topics to include are: craniofacial embryology, dental morphogenesis and development of dentition, postnatal craniofacial growth and development, and relationship with orthopedic and orthodontic biomechanics. Students will be encouraged to relate their clinical experiences with the research observations reported in the literature and to explore research interests. UInstructorsU: The course will be jointly coordinated by faculty in Divisions of Pediatric Dentistry and of Orthodontics. Invited instructors from other disciplines will provide a broader range of expertise. UEvaluationU: Credit will be based on participation in the seminars and on a major presentation of two special craniofacial conditions as assigned. See Appendices 12 and 13 for respective evaluation forms.

DENT 510A Biomechanics of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IDescription: A series of three-hour weekly seminars for the first year. Contemporary literature will be reviewed. Where possible, seminars will be conducted with graduate students from other disciplines.Objectives: To review the current and classic literature regarding biological response to mechanical forces upon which contemporary clinical orthodontics is based.Content: Seminars will be conducted to review the research and the empirical evidence supporting the clinical practice of orthodontics. Emphasis will be on current literature with a viable connection to the historical background of the discipline to allow a broader understanding of the topics. Topics to include: dentoalveolar and periodontal tissue response to physiological and mechanical forces, craniofacial tissue response to orthopedic forces, relationship of material properties to force systems, impact of appliances to general oral health, and biological factors in long term occlusal relationships. Students will be encouraged to relate their clinical experiences with the research observations reported in the literature and to explore research interests.Instructors: The course will have coordinators and instructors from the Division of Orthodontics. Invited instructors from other disciplines will provide a broader range of expertise.

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Evaluation: Credit will be based on participation in the seminars and on a major presentation on recent clinical innovations.

DENT 510B Biomechanics of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IIContinuation in second year of DENT 510A

DENT 516A Patient Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IDescription: A series of three-hour weekly seminars for the first year. Contemporary literature will be reviewed. Where possible, seminars will be conducted with graduate students from other disciplines.Objectives: To review the current and classic literature upon which contemporary clinical orthodontic patient management is based.Content: Seminars will be conducted to review the research and the empirical evidence supporting the clinical practice of orthodontics. Emphasis will be on current literature with a viable connection to the historical background of the discipline to allow a broader understanding of the topics. Topics to include: public health aspect of craniofacial care, private practice and community-based care delivery models, jurisprudence and ethics, analysis of patient data, evidence based treatment planning, and treatment outcomes assessment. Students will be encouraged to relate their clinical experiences with the research observations reported in the literature and to explore research interests.Instructors: The course will have joint coordinators from the Division of Orthodontics. Invited instructors from other disciplines will provide a broader range of expertise.Evaluation: Credit will be based on participation in the seminars and on an OSCE type written examination for cases similar to those on national board examinations. See Appendices 12 and 13 for sample evaluation forms.

DENT 516B Patient Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IIContinuation in second year of DENT 516A

DENT 516C Patient Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IIIContinuation in third year of DENT 516B

DENT 728A Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics IDescription: A series of four 4-hour clinics per week for about 46 weeks per year that will provide Orthodontic specialty graduate students the opportunity to demonstrate competency in clinical management of the range of clinical care needs as required by accreditation guidelines and regulatory authorities. Patients usually require treatment protocols of about 3-year duration.Objectives: To manage a range of patient needs as required by accreditation and regulatory authorities.Content: Each patient from the various clinical categories will be evaluated using state-of-the-art diagnostic records and managed accordingly with the appropriate treatment plans and therapeutic interventions. Patient progress and outcomes assessment analyses will be presented to student peers and supervisory clinicians in seminar-like sessions.

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Instructors: The course will have joint coordinators and instructors from the Division of Orthodontics. Invited instructors from other disciplines will provide a broader range of expertise.Evaluation: Patient records must be collected and maintained by the assigned student according to guidelines appropriate for national board standards and patient progress and final outcomes must meet the benchmarks as developed by the attending supervisory clinicians. See Appendix 11 for sample written case report format.

DENT 728B Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics IIContinuation in second year of DENT 728A

DENT 728C Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics IIIContinuation in second year of DENT 728B

DENT 731A Interdisciplinary Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IDescription: A series of three-hour weekly seminars for the first year. Contemporary literature will be reviewed. Where possible, seminars will be conducted with graduate students from other disciplines.Objectives: To review the current and classic literature upon which contemporary clinical orthodontics is based in relation to complex patient care requiring interdisciplinary expertise and collaboration and to achieve competency in integrating orthodontic management of such patients within the context of interdisciplinary care.Content: Seminars will be conducted to review the research and the empirical evidence supporting the clinical practice of orthodontics. Emphasis will be on current literature with a viable connection to the historical background of the discipline to allow a broader understanding of the topics. Topics to include: public health aspect of special needs craniofacial care (such as cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies, orthognathic surgical cases, oral rehabilitation cases, care delivery models utilizing interdisciplinary health care teams, jurisprudence and ethics, analysis of patient data, evidence based treatment planning, and treatment outcomes assessment. Students will be encouraged to relate their clinical experiences with the research observations reported in the literature and to explore research interests. Weekly clinics will provide students the opportunity to develop competency in integrating orthodontic care for the successful management of interdisciplinary cases in conjunction with collaborators of the health care team.Instructors: The course will have joint coordinators from the Division of Orthodontics. Invited instructors from other disciplines will provide a broader range of expertise.Evaluation: Credit will be based on participation in the seminars and on an OSCE type written examination for cases similar to those on national board examinations. See Appendices 11 and 12 for sample evaluation forms.

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DENT 731B Interdisciplinary Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IIContinuation in second year of DENT 731A

DENT 731C Interdisciplinary Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IIIContinuation in third year of DENT 731B

V. Calendar Statement

Dual Program in MSc in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in Orthodontics

This dual program is a clinical specialty program. The program provides education and training for potential clinicians, research workers, and teachers. Completion of the diploma in orthodontics requires successful completion of the clinical and didactic requirements associated with the diploma program in the Faculty of Dentistry, and successful completion of the MSc in Craniofacial Science course requirements, and successful defense and submission of their thesis to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. In this program option, the degree and the diploma are awarded conjointly and both must be completed to graduate. Graduates will be eligible to take the examinations for specialty certification in orthodontics of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada and the American Board of Orthodontics. Normal course of study is three full academic years.

Admission to the program must satisfy the requirements for admission to the Faculties of Graduate Studies and Dentistry. Applicants must hold a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or its equivalent from a recognized university and fluency in English is required. The minimum TOEFL Score requirement for graduates from a country where English is not the primary language is 580 paper-based, 237 computer-based, or 93 internet-based. The application deadline for this dual program is October 1 and enrollment is limited.

Dual Program in PhD in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in Orthodontics

This dual program option is a clinical specialty program that is offered in conjunction with a Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science.   The program provides education and training for potential clinicians, researchers, and teachers. Completion of the diploma in orthodontics requires completion of the clinical and didactic requirements associated with the diploma program in the Faculty of Dentistry, and successful completion of the PhD in Craniofacial Science course requirements, and successful defense and submission of their thesis to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. In this program option, the degree and the diploma are awarded conjointly and both must be completed to graduate. The combined program will require a minimum of 6 years to prepare the student for clinical practice and a research career.  Graduates will be eligible to take the examination for specialty certification in orthodontics offered by The Royal College of Dentists of Canada and The American Board of Orthodontics.

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Admission to the program must satisfy the requirements for admission to the Faculties of Graduate Studies and Dentistry. Applicants must hold a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or its equivalent from a recognized university and fluency in English is required. Students entering directly with a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or its equivalent, without a Master’s degree must, during the first year of study, complete 12 credits with a first class average of which at least 9 credits must be at the 500-level or above and at least 9 credits must be no less than ‘A-’ (at UBC, 80%), to maintain registration as a doctoral student. The minimum TOEFL Score requirement for graduates from a country where English is not the primary language is 580 paper-based or 93 internet-based. The application deadline for this dual program is October 1 and enrollment is limited.

VI. Admission ProcessAdmission is based on specific selection criteria which is readily available to advisors and applicants. Academic performance will not be the sole criterion. Admissions committees will consider non-academic criteria in the over-all assessment of applicants for admissions.

Candidates should be graduates from approved dental schools. The applicant’s academic standing must be such that it gives reasonable assurance of the successful completion of the program. Several means will be used to evaluate the applicant’s qualifications. Among these are personal recommendations, interviews, national board results, academic records and hospital residency or general practice experience. In the case of graduates whose primary language is not English, a language proficiency examination will be considered.

VII. Present and Projected Resources1) Qualified FacultyCurrently there are 4 orthodontists in the Division of Orthodontics (three full-time Professors and one full time Clinical Associate Professor). Additional 8-12 part-time faculty will be required to teach clinical and didactic courses.

2) Clinical and Research FacilitiesThe new clinic (Nobel Biocare Oral Health Centre), which has been operating since the fall of 2006, was planned with sufficient space for students in the specialist program in Orthodontics. Orthodontic operatories can be flexibly assigned in the clinic while maintaining proximity for efficient use of the instructors. Students will spend time also in local hospitals and possibly community care facilities for part of their clinical training. Patients will be charged discounted professional fees for the clinical services provided by the graduate students to subsidize the cost of the clinics and other related program expenses. (see Appendix 5, letter of support , Assoc. Dean of Clinical Affairs) No new laboratory facilities in addition to the existing facilities at the Faculty of Dentistry will be required for this program.

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Current classroom, clinic and laboratory facilities are adequate to support this new program. Additional consumable clinic supplies and instruments will be required for patient care. New study carrel facilities for up to 9 graduate Orthodontic students will be required.

3) Library ResourcesAn adequate selection of Orthodontic journals and contemporary textbooks is available already. No additional material will be required other than access to electronic library services (Scientific Journals) and some newer text books. See Library Curriculum Consultation (Appendix 7).

4) Administrative and Support StaffA Canadian Dental Accreditation Commission accredited program must provide sufficient support staff, supplies and equipment for the students. One certified dental assistant with Orthodontic Module training/Coordinator and two dental assistants with Ortho Module certification will be required for the program when fully operational. For the first and perhaps second year fewer staff are required. The admissions to the program will be administered by the Faculty of Dentistry.

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5) Budgetary Impact

Table 2. Tuition and clinic fees for domestic and international students

Domestic InternationalTuition FeesMSc/PhD (Cran Sci) Fee – Grad studies tuition $4,0981 $7,2001

Diploma tuition $11,3602 $29,5563

Program Clinic Fees $28,4054 $32,8974

TOTAL $43,863 $69,653

1 – Board approved tuition fees for domestic and international graduate students2 – Board approved above the base tuition fee differential for DMD students3 – Board approved above the base tuition fee + board approved domestic/international differential for DMD professional programs.4 – Board approved clinic fees for DMD professionals. MSc combined Orthodontic diploma students to pay all fees in Years 1 to 3. PhD combined Orthodontic diploma students pay all fess in Year 1, only PhD tuition fees in Years 2,3 and 4 and all fees in Years 5 and 6. PhD students who successfully submit and defend their thesis at the end of Year 4 do not continue to pay the PhD tuition fee.

Table 3. Breakdown of tuition fee distribution for domestic students

Domestic Tuition Fee Distribution per student (MSc/PhD + Diploma)

MSc/PhD (Cran Sci) tuition 4,098 Central Allocation (30%) 1,129Dentistry Allocation (70%) 2,869 Diploma Tuition 11,360 Central Allocation (28%) 3,181 Dentistry Allocation (72%) 8,179 Total Central Allocation 4,410 Total Dentistry Allocation 11,130 Total Tuition Fees 15,458

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Table 4. Breakdown of tuition fee distributions for international students.Tuition/Income Calculations (International - Proposed Tuition at $36,756)

Base TuitionAbove Base

TuitionMSc $4,098 $3,102 Diploma Tuition $29,556 TOTAL $4,098 $32,658

Breakdown of Tuition Distribution

  Total Amount

% to Faculty (prior to deduction of benefits)

Distribution to Faculty

Base Tuition 4,098 70% 2,868Above the Base Tuition 32,658 72% 23,514Government Grant 0 70% 0Totals 36,756   26,382Summary of Tuition DistributionTotal amount for Faculty $26,382Total amount for Central $10,374TOTAL $36,756

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Budget 3 domestic students per year

Description Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

Revenue

Student degree tuition fees (portion recovered to Faculty) 8605 8777 8953 9132Student Diploma Fees (portion recovered to Faculty) 24537 49075 73612 73612Student Clinic Fees 85215 170430 255645 255645Patient treatment fees 225000 461250 484312.5 508528

Subtotal (all revenue) 343357 689532 822522 846917

Expenses

Instructors 119000 149000 149000 149000Dental Assistant staff 56181 57305 58451 59620Clinical/Lab costs affiliated sites 49600 52800 159150 160687Instruments 3000 9000 12000 12000Materials and supplies 90000 94500 99225 104186Research expenses 6000 51000 63000 93000PhD Scholarships 0 60000 120000 120000Clinic supply replacement/additions contingency 0 150000 75000 50000

Subtotal (all expenses) 323781 623605 735826 748493

Net 19576 65927 86697 98424

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Appendix 1

NEW COURSES REQUIRED FOR THEDUAL MSc/PhD in CRANIOFACIAL SCIENCE COMBINED

with the DIPLOMA IN GRADUATE ORTHODONTICS PROGRAM

FACULTY OF DENTISTRY

UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA

2010

Dr. Edward Putnins, Associate Dean, Research and Graduate/Postgraduate Studies

Dr. Virginia Diewert, Head, Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Dr. Edwin YenDr. Alan Lowe

Dr. Sandra FastlichtDivision of Orthodontics

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Contents

Course Page

Craniofacial Growth and Development, 20DENT 515

Biomechanics of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics I, 25DENT 510A

Biomechanics of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics IIDENT 510B

Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care I 29DENT 516A

Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care IIDENT 516B

Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care IIIDENT 516C

Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics I 36DENT 728A

Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics IIDENT 728B

Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics IIIDENT 728C

Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care I 38DENT 731A

Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care IIDENT 731B

Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care IIIDENT 731C

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Course Name: Craniofacial Growth and Development

Course Number: DENT 515 (6 credits)

Academic Unit: Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Academic Sub-unit: Division of OrthodonticsDivision of Pediatric Dentistry

Instructors: Dr. Joy Richman, Co-coordinatorDr. Edwin Yen, Co-coordinator

Course Description: This course will review the literature on embryological and postnatal growth and development of the craniofacial anatomy with a focus on orofacial structures important to Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics and related clinical disciplines. The course is composed of weekly, two-hour seminars for thirty-six weeks.

Course Goals: To foster an understanding of the growth and development of the craniofacial complex at the molecular, histological and gross anatomical level in relationship to clinical Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics.

Instructional Objectives: At the end of the course the student will be able to1. Explain the embryonic origins of the craniofacial hard and soft tissues.2. Understand and explain the processes involved in lip and palate fusion, tooth

development and replacement, including being familiar with some of the key molecules involved.

3. Explain how the craniofacial hard tissues differentiate and identify some of the key molecules involved.

4. Understand the biological basis for abnormal craniofacial growth and development.5. Understand and explain the post-natal growth of the craniofacial complex.6. Explain the relationships between the dentition and the jaws during childhood,

adolescence and in adulthood.7. Explain the relationships between clinical interventions and the underlying biological

processes.

Course Content:Part I: Developmental Craniofacial Biology1. Neural crest cells the origins of facial skeletal tissues2. Ectoderm, endoderm, pharyngeal arches 3. Mesoderm, the origins of facial musculature and the tongue4. Facial prominences and epithelial-mesenchymal interactions5. Formation of the primary palate (lip)6. Molecular signaling taking place during primary palate formation7. Formation of the secondary palate (hard and soft palate)8. Molecular signaling taking place during secondary palate fusion9. Formation of the facial skeleton and mandibular joint

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10. Formation of the cranial base11. Formation of the calvaria and sutures12. Tooth development - initiation and morphogenesis13. Tooth development - root formation, differentiation of enamel and dentin14. Tooth replacement and eruption

Part II: Postnatal Craniofacial Growth and Development 1. Historical Theories - Moss, Moyers, Enlow, McNamara etc.2. Cephalometric Studies - Bolton-Broadbent, Bjork, Popovich, etc.3. Mandibular Growth4. TMJ5. Vertical and rotation6. Physiological factors (airway, occlusion, parafunction)7. Maxillary Growth8. Cranial Base9. Mid-Face and Zygomatic 10. Vertical and rotation11. Physiological factors12. Dentoalveolar Development13. Arch developments (Moorees)14. Serial extraction15. Growth and Development Prediction16. Orthognathic Manipulation17. Orthopedic forces18. Functional appliances19. Surgical intervention impact20. Orthodontic Manipulation21. Guidance of eruption22. Orthodontic forces (intra and inter arch, osseo-intergrated and extra oral anchorage)23. Long-term Clinical Changes24. Retention and age changes

Part III: Craniofacial Special Topics Presentations (two per session for six weeks; includes genetics of each defect and major candidate genes where applicable)1. Non-syndromic Cleft Lip and Plate 2. Isolated Cleft Palate, submucous clefts 3. Syndromic Orofacial clefts, e.g. X-linked cleft palate ankyloglossia, Van der Woude’s

syndrome4. Hemifacial Microsomia5. Non-syndromal Craniosynostosis: 6. Syndromal Craniosynostosis: Crouzon Syndrome Apert Syndrome7. Hypotelorism8. Cleidocranial Dysplasia9. Ectodermal Dysplasia10. Treacher-Collins Syndrome11. Pierre Robin Anomaly

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12. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Evaluation of Course and Instructors:1. Students and instructors will informally discuss improvements to seminar topic selection

and content at the end of the course.2. Students will evaluate the course anonymously through formats administered by the

Curriculum and Teaching Effectiveness Committee.3. Instructors will be encouraged to administer their own evaluation methods.

Course Format:The course will be composed of weekly, two-hour seminars for approximately 36 weeks.

Method of Student Evaluation:Students will be evaluated each week by the seminar instructor on the quality of their literature review and presentation. These evaluations will comprise 50% of their grade. At the end of the course, each student will also be assigned a review and presentation of two complex craniofacial special topics. This component will contribute the remaining 50% of the grade. Students must pass each component; the minimum passing mark is 68%.

Required Resources:Students will access classic and current literature through the UBC Library electronic and print resources.

Recommended Texts Enlow, D.H. (1990) Facial Growth, 3rd edition. W.B. Saunders Co., Philadelphia Sperber, G.H. (2001) Craniofacial Development, B.C. Decker, Hamilton, ONWyszynski, DF (2002) Cleft lip and palate: from origin to treatment. Oxford University Press, Oxford.

Articles (sample) Baume, L.J. (1950) Physiological Tooth Migration and its Significance for the Development of Occlusion: I. the Biogenetic Course of the Deciduous Dentition. J.Dental Research (29) 123-132

Baume, L.J. (1950) Physiological Tooth Migration and its Significance for the Development of Occlusion: IV. The Biogenesis of Overbite. Journal of Dental Research (29) 440-447.

Baume, L.J. (1950) Physiological Tooth Migration and its Significance for the Development of Occlusion: II. The Biogenesis of Accessional Dentition. J. Dental Research, (29)331-337.

Baume, L.J. (1950) Physiological Tooth Migration and its Significance for the Development of Occlusion: III. The Biogenesis of the Successional Dentition. J. Dental Research (29) 338 – 348

Björk , A. (1963) Variations in the Growth Pattern of the Human Mandible: Longitudinal Radiographic Study by the Implant Method. J. Dental Research, (42) 400 – 411

Cobourne, M. T., Mitsiadis, T., 2006. Neural crest cells and patterning of the mammalian dentition. J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol. 306, 251-60.

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Dixon, J., Trainor, P., Dixon, M. J., 2007. Treacher Collins syndrome. Orthod Craniofac Res. 10, 88-95.

Dudas, M., Li, W. Y., Kim, J., Yang, A., Kaartinen, V., 2007. Palatal fusion - where do the midline cells go? A review on cleft palate, a major human birth defect. Acta Histochem. 109, 1-14.

Garner, L.D. and Kotwal, N.S. (1973) Correlation Study of Incisive Biting Forces with Age, Sex, and Anterior Occlusion. Journal of Dental Research (52) 698 – 702

Gritli-Linde, A., (2007) Molecular control of 2ndry palate development. Dev Biol. 301, 309-26.Gross, J. B. and J. Hanken (2008). "Review of fate-mapping studies of osteogenic cranial neural crest in vertebrates." Dev Biol 317(2): 389-400.

Harris, J.E., Kowalski, C.J., Levasseur, F.A., Nasjlfti, C.E. and Walker, G.F. (1977) Age and Race as Factors in Craniofacial Growth and Development. J. Dental Research (56) 266-274.

Helms, J. A., D. Cordero and M. D. Tapadia (2005). "New insights into craniofacial morphogenesis." Development 132(5): 851-61.

Jiang, X., S. Iseki, R. E. Maxson, H. M. Sucov and G. M. Morriss-Kay (2002). "Tissue origins and interactions in the mammalian skull vault." Dev Biol 241(1): 106-16.

Kaplan, R.G., Smith, C.C. and Kanarek, P.H. (1977) An Analysis of Three Mixed Dentition Analyses. Journal of Dental Research, (56) 1337 - 1343

Le Douarin, N. M., J. M. Brito and S. Creuzet (2007). "Role of the neural crest in face and brain development." Brain Res Rev 55(2): 237-47.

Meredith, H.V. and Hopp, W.M. (1956) A Longitudinal Study of Dental Arch Width at the Deciduous Second Molars on Children 4 to 8 Years of Age. J.Dental Research (35) 879 – 889

Morriss-Kay, G. M. and A. O. Wilkie (2005). Growth of the normal skull vault and its alteration in craniosynostosis: insights of human genetics & experimental studies." J Anat 207(5): 637-53.

Moss-Salentijn, L. (1997) Melvin Moss and the Functional Matrix. J. D. Res. (76)1814 – 1817 Nanda, R.S., Khan, I. and Anand, R. (1973) Age Changes in the Occlusal Pattern of Deciduous Dentition. Journal of Dental Research, (52) 221-224

Nieminen, P., 2009. Genetic basis of tooth agenesis. J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol.

Noden, D. M. and P. Francis-West (2006). "The differentiation and morphogenesis of craniofacial muscles." Dev Dyn 235(5): 1194-218.

O'Meara, W.F. (1966) Effect of Primary Molar Extraction on Gingival Emergence of Succedaneous Tooth. Journal of Dental Research, (45) 1174 – 1183

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Stahl, F., Baccetti, T., Franchi, L. and McNamara Jr, J.A. (2008) Longitudinal growth changes in untreated subjects with Class II Division 1 malocclusion. A J Orthod and Dentofacial Orthop, 134, 200:125-137

Steigman, S., Koyoumdjisky-Kaye, E. and Matrai , Y. (1974) Relationship of Submerged Deciduous Molars to Root Resorption and Development of Permanent Successors. J Dent Res (53) 88-93

Sulik, K. K., 2005. Genesis of alcohol-induced craniofacial dysmorphism. Exp Biol Med (Maywood). 230, 366-75.

Tassi, N.G.G., Franchi, L., Baccetti, T. and Barbato, E. (2007) Diagnostic performance study on the relationship between the exfoliation of the deciduous second molars and the pubertal growth spurt. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 131:769-771

Tummers, M., Thesleff, I., 2009. The importance of signal pathway modulation in all aspects of tooth development. J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol.

Uysal, T., Ramoglu, S.I., Basciftci, F.A. and Sari, Z. (2006) Chronologic age and skeletal maturation of the cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist: Is there a relationship? American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 130:622-628

Wise, G. E., King, G. J., 2008. Mechanisms of tooth eruption and orthodontic tooth movement. J Dent Res. 87, 414-34.

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Course Name: Biomechanics of Craniofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics I and II

Course Number: DENT 510A (8 credits), DENT 510B (8 credits)

Academic Unit: Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Academic Sub-unit: Division of Orthodontics

Instructors: Drs. Edwin Yen, Lun Wang, Anthony Strelzow, Sam Chiang, Dorin Ruse and others

Course Description: This course will review the literature on the biological basis for clinical interventions of the craniofacial anatomy by treatment from Orthodontics and related clinical disciplines. The course is composed of weekly 3-hour seminars for approximately 46 weeks. Course Goals: To foster an understanding of the biological processes that underlie tissue response to orthodontic and dentofacial orthopedic mechanical intervention.

Instructional Objectives - At the end of the course the student will be able to:1. Understand the normal and abnormal oral physiological functions2. Understand the biomechanics of various appliance therapies3. Understand the biological events that affect mechanical force interventions4. Identify relationships between biological process and clinical interventions

Course Content:1. Normal function

Mandibular movement and TMJ OcclusionMastication and SwallowingAirwayDevelopment of dentition: Eruption sequence, arch dimension development

2. Tissue Response to Mechanical ForcesOrthopedic Forces

Maxilla, Mandibular, NasalHeadgearFacemaskExpansionChin CupFunctional appliancesStentsOrthognathic surgery: Osteotomies and fixation, Corticotomies, Distraction osteogenesis

3. Orthodontic ForcesTipping TranslationIntrusionExtrusionRoot resorption and ankylosis

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Retention4. Material Properties of Force Systems

Adhesives and cementsCaries management: Sealants, glass ionomer cementsMetal alloys: Friction, spring properties, implantsAcrylic and plastic systems; Appliance base materials, elastic properties for “tray” appliancesImpression materials

Evaluation of Course and Instructors:

1. Students and instructors will informally discuss improvements to seminar topic selection and content at the end of the course

2. Students will evaluate the course anonymously through formats administered by the Curriculum and Teaching Effectiveness Committee

3. Instructors will be encouraged to administer their own evaluation methods

Course Format:The course is composed of weekly 3-hour seminars for approximately 46 weeks. The course is continued as DENT 510B (Biomechanics of Craniofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics II) as another series of weekly 3-hour seminars for approximately 46 weeks.

Method of Student Evaluation: Credit will be based on participation in the seminars section (see Appendix 12 for seminar evaluation form) which will contribute to 50% of the final grade and on term OSCE type written examinations for cases section similar to those on national board examinations which will contribute to 50% of the final grade. Minimum passing grade for each section is 68%.

Required Resources:Students will access classic and current literature through the UBC Library resources.

Recommended TextsMarcotte, M.R., (1990) “Biomechanics in Orthodontics”, B.C. Decker, Inc., TorontoNikolai, R.J. (1985) “Bioengineering Analysis of Orthodontic Mechanics”, Lea & Febiger, PhiladelphiaMelsen, B. and Burstone, C.J. (1990) “Introduction to Biomechanics”, Royal Dental College, AarhusBurstone, C.J. and Marcotte, M.R. (2000) Problem solving in Orthodontics: Goal Oriented Treatment Strategies. Quintessence Publishing Co, ChicagoProffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. and Sarver, D.M. (2007) “Contemporary Orthodontics”, Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis

Articles (sample)

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Meikle, M. C. (2006) The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement Eur J Orthod (28):221-240

Meikle, M.C. (2007) Remodeling the Dentofacial Skeleton: The Biological Basis of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. Journal of Dental Research (86) 12-24

Wise, G.E. and King, G.J. (2008) Mechanisms of Tooth Eruption and Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Journal of Dental Research (87) 414-434

Gafni, Y., Ptitsyn, A.A. , Zilberman, Y., Pelled, G., Gimble, J.M. and Gazit, D. (2009) Circadian Rhythm of Osteocalcin in the Maxillomandibular Complex. Journal of Dental Research (88) 45-50.

Kaku, M., Kohno, S., Kawata, T., Fujita, T., Tokimasa, C., Tsutsui, K. and Tanne, K. (2001) Effects of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor on Osteoclast Induction during Tooth Movement in Mice. Journal of Dental Research, (80) 1880-1883

Ren, Y., Maltha, J.C., Van ’t Hof, M.A. and Kuijpers-Jagtman, A.M. (2003) Age Effect on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. Journal of Dental Research.(82) 38-42

Konoo, T., Kim, Y.J., Gu, G.M. and King, G.J. (2001) Intermittent Force in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Journal of Dental Research(80) 457-460

Oberheim, M.C. and Mao, J.J. (2002) Bone Strain Patterns of the Zygomatic Complex in Response to Simulated Orthopedic Forces. Journal of Dental Research (81) 608-612

P.M. Cattaneo, M. Dalstra, and B. Melsen (2005) The Finite Element Method: a Tool to Study Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Journal of Dental Research (84) 428-433

A.J. Goldberg, J. Morton, and C.J. Burstone (1983) The Flexure Modulus of Elasticity of Orthodontic Wires. Journal of Dental Research (62): 856-858

Goldberg, J. and Burstone, C.J. (1979) An Evaluation of Beta Titanium Alloys for Use in Orthodontic Appliances. Journal of Dental Research (58) 593 – 599

Vardimon, A.D., Bourauel, C., Drescher, D. and Schmuth, G.P.F. (1994) 3-D Force and Moment Analysis of Repulsive Magnetic Appliances to Correct Dentofacial Vertical Excess. Journal of Dental Research, (73) 67 – 74

Ash, J.L. and Nikolai, R.J. (1978) Relaxation of Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains and Modules In Vitro and In Vivo. Journal of Dental Research (57) 685 – 690

Inoue, H., Hiasa, K., Samma, Y., Nakamura, O., Sakuda, M., Iwamoto, M., Suzuki, F. and Kato, Y. (1990) Stimulation of Proteoglycan and DNA Syntheses in Chondrocytes by Centrifugation. Journal of Dental Research (69) 1560 – 1563

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R.J. Nikolai and R.C. Crouthers (1980) On the Relaxation and Recovery of Orthodontic Traction Elements under Interrupted Loading. Journal of Dental Research, (59) 1071

Takahashi, Y., Arakawa, Y., Matsukubo, T., and Takeuchi, M. (1980) The Effect of Sodium Fluoride in Acid Etching Solution on Sealant Bond and Fluoride Uptake. Journal of Dental Research (59) 625 - 630.

Goldberg, A.J., Vanderby, jr, R., and Burstone, C.J. (1977) Reduction in the Modulus of Elasticity in Orthodontic Wires. Journal of Dental Research, (56) 1227 – 1231

Tanaka, E. and Koolstra, J.H. (2008) Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint. Journal of Dental Research, (87) 989 – 991

Molina, T. , Kabsch, K. Alonso, , A. , Kohl, A. , Komposch, G. and Tomakidi, P. (2001) Topographic Changes of Focal Adhesion Components and Modulation of p125FAK Activation in Stretched Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Journal of Dental Research, (80) 1984 – 1989

Takano-Yamamoto, T., Kawakami, M. and Yamashiro, T. (1992) Effect of Age on the Rate of Tooth Movement in Combination with Local Use of 1,25(OH) 2D3 and Mechanical Force in the Rat. Journal of Dental Research (71) 1487 – 1492

Mao, JJ. (2002) Mechanobiology of Craniofacial Sutures. Journal of Dental Research, (81) 810 – 816

Yokoya, K. , Sasaki, T. and Shibasaki, Y. (1997) Distributional Changes of Osteoclasts and Pre-osteoclastic Cells in Periodontal Tissues during Experimental Tooth Movement as Revealed by Quantitative Immunohistochemistry of H+-ATPase. Journal of Dental Research(76) 580 – 587

Derringer, K.A. , Jaggers, D.C. and Linden, R.W.A. (1996) Angiogenesis in Human Dental Pulp Following Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Journal of Dental Research, (75) 1761 – 1766

Hong, R.K., Yamane, A., Kuwahara, Y. and Chiba, M. (1992) The Effect of Orthodontic Retention on the Mechanical Properties of the Periodontal Ligament in the Rat Maxillary First Molar. Journal of Dental Research, (71) 1350 – 1354

Yoshikawa, D.K. , Burstone, C.J., Goldberg, A.J. and Morton, J. (1981) Flexure Modulus of Orthodontic Stainless Steel Wires. Journal of Dental Research, (60) 139 - 145

Epker, B.N. and Frost, H.M. (1965) Correlation of Bone Resorption and Formation with the Physical Behavior of Loaded Bone. Journal of Dental Research, (44 33 – 41

Y. Goga, M. Chiba, Y. Shimizu, and H. Mitani (2006) Compressive Force Induces Osteoblast Apoptosis via Caspase-8. Journal of Dental Research, (85) 240 – 244

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Course Name: Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care I, II, III

Course Number: DENT 516A (8 credits), DENT 516B (8 credits), DENT 516C (8 credits)

Academic Unit: Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Academic Sub-unit: Division of Orthodontics

Instructors: Drs. David Kennedy, Sandra Fastlicht, Dorothy Sonya, Paul Witt, Edwin Yen and others

Course Description: This course reviews the research and the empirical evidence supporting the clinical practice of orthodontics. Students will also acquire competency in the skills required to diagnose and treatment plan and assess patient care and competency to fabricate, implement and adjust orthodontic appliances to achieve require clinical results.

Course Goals: To understand the clinical basis for diagnosis, treatment planning and outcomes assessment of clinical care of patients with craniofacial need.To achieve competency in successfully delivery clinical care to correct malocclusion and related craniofacial abnormalities.

Instructional Objectives - At the end of the course the student will be able:1. Achieve competency in the diagnosis of craniofacial and occlusal patterns.2. Identify treatment needs appropriate to individual patients.3. Design treatment planning options, mechanotherapy and sequence.4. Integrate and collaborate with allied professions where required.5. Analyze outcomes assessment of orthodontic care of patients.6. Evaluate evidence available for required clinical decisions in patient care.

Course Content:Patient Need versus Patient DemandEthnic and Cultural NormsDelivery of care: Treatment indices, Public versus private care systemsDiagnostic and Research records and data: Behavioral, functional, growth, extra-oral, intra-oral and skeletal and soft tissue images and measurementsAppliance design and fabrication: removable (intra-oral, functional and orthopedic)Appliance design and fabrication: fixed (buccal, lingual and osseous implant anchorage)Patient motivation and complianceDiagnosis and Treatment PlanningAnalysis of treatment outcomes; superimpositions and morphometrics

Evaluation of Course and Instructors:1. Students and instructors will informally discuss improvements to seminar topic selection

and content at the end of the course

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2. Students will evaluate the course anonymously through formats administered by the Curriculum and Teaching Effectiveness Committee

3. Instructors will be encouraged to administer their own evaluation methods

Course Format:The course is composed of weekly 3-hour seminars for approximately 46 weeks. The course is continued as DENT 516B and DENT 516C (Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care II and III respectively) as another series of weekly 3-hour seminars for approximately 46 weeks per year.

Method of Student Evaluation:Credit will be based on participation in the seminars section (see Appendix 12 for seminar evaluation form) which will contribute to 50% of the final grade and on term OSCE type written examinations for cases section similar to those on national board examinations which will contribute to 50% of the final grade. Minimum passing grade for each section is 68%.

Required Resources:Students will access classic and current literature through the UBC Library resources.

Recommended TextsMcNamara, J.A. and Brudon, W.L. (1993) Orthodontic and Orthopedic Treatment in the Mixed Dentition, Needham Press, Ann ArborLee, J.S., Kim, J.K., Park, Y-C. and Vanarsdall, R.L. (2007) Applications of Orthodontic Mini-Implants, Quintessence Publishing Co. Inc., ChicagoProffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. and Sarver, D.M. (2007) “Contemporary Orthodontics”, Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis

Articles (sample)

Helm, S. (1977) Epidemiology and Public Health Aspects of Malocclusion. Journal of Dental Research (56) C27 - C31

Krzypow, A.B., Lieberaian, M.A. and Modan, M. (1975) Prevalence of Malocclusion in Young Adults of Various Ethnic Backgrounds in Israel. Journal of Dental Research, (54) 605 - 608

Grewe, J.M., Cervenka, J., Shapiro, B.L. and Witkop, C.J. (1968) Prevalence of Malocclusion in Chippewa Indian Children. Journal of Dental Research, (47) 302 - 305

Peltola, J.S., Könönen, M. and Nyström, M. (1995) A Follow-up Study of Radiographic Findings in the Mandibular Condyles of Orthodontically Treated Patients and Associations with TMD. Journal of Dental Research (74) 1571-1576

Garner, L.D. (1962) Tongue Posture in Normal Occlusions. Journal of Dental Research (41) 771- 777.

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Ruttle, A.T., Quigley, W., Crouch, J.T. and Ewan, G.E. (1953) A Serial Study of the Effects of Finger-Sucking. Journal of Dental Research (32) 739-748

Takada, K., Sakuda, M., Yoshida, K. and Kawamura, Y. (1980) Clinical Science: Relations Between Tongue Volume and Capacity of the Oral Cavity Proper. Journal of Dental Research, (59) 2026 - 2031

Björk, A. and Solow, B. (1962) Measurement on Radiographs. Journal of Dental Research, (41) 672 – 683

King, G.J., Wheeler, T.T., McGorray, S.P., Aiosa, L.S., Bloom, R.M. and Taylor, M.G. (1999) Orthodontists' Perceptions of the Impact of Phase 1 Treatment for Class II Malocclusion on Phase 2 Needs. Journal of Dental Research (78) 1745 - 1753

Lapatki, B.G. , Bartholomeyczik, J. , Ruther, P. , Jonas, I.E. and Paul, O. (2007) Smart Bracket for Multi-dimensional Force and Moment Measurement. Journal of Dental Research, (86) 73 - 78

Yoo, E., Murakami, S., Takada, K., Fuchihatal, H. and Sakuda, M. (1996) Tongue Volume in Human Female Adults with Mandibular Prognathism. Journal of Dental Research, (75) 1957 - 1962.

Takada, K., Yashiro, K., Sorihashi, Y., Morimoto, T. and Sakuda, M. (1996) Tongue, Jaw, and Lip Muscle Activity and Jaw Movement during Experimental Chewing Efforts in Man. Journal of Dental Research, (75) 1598 – 1606

Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. and Nixon, W.L. (1983) Occlusal Forces in Normal- and Long-face Adults. Journal of Dental Research (62) 566 - 570

Spronsen, P.H. van , Weijs, W.A. , Ginkel, EC van and Prahl-Andersen, B. (1996) Jaw Muscle Orientation and Moment Arms of Long-face and Normal Adults. Journal of Dental Research (75) 1372 - 1380

Sakamaki, S.T. and Bahn, A.N. (1968) Effect of Orthodontic Banding on Localized Oral Lactobacilli. Journal of Dental Research, ( 47) 275 – 279

Pirttiniemi, P., Kantomaa, T. , Tuominen, M. and Salo, L. (1994) Articular Disc and Eminence Modeling after Experimental Relocation of the Glenoid Fossa in Growing Rabbits. Journal of Dental Research (73) 536 – 543

Van Spronsen, P.H., Weijs, W.A. , Valk, J. Prahl-Andersen, , B. and Van Ginkel, F.C. (1992) A Comparison of Jaw Muscle Cross-sections of Long-face and Normal Adults. Journal of Dental Research (71) 1279 – 1285

Proffit, W.R. and Fields, H.W. (1983) Occlusal Forces in Normal- and Long-face Children. Journal of Dental Research, (62) 571 - 574

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Kerosuo, H., Väkiparta, M., Nyström, M. and Heikinheimo, K. (2008) The Seven-year Outcome of an Early Orthodontic Treatment Strategy. Journal of Dental Research (87) 584 – 588

Tong,L.S.M., Pang, M.K.M., Mok, N.Y.C., King, N.M. and Wei, S.H.Y. (1993) The Effects of Etching, Micro-abrasion, and Bleaching on Surface Enamel. Journal of Dental Research (72) 67 – 71

Muhl, Z.F. , Sadowsky, C. and Sakols, E.I. (1987) Timing of Temporomandibular Joint Sounds in Orthodontic Patients. Journal of Dental Research. (66)1389 – 1392

Kydd, W.L. and Neff, C.W. (1964) Frequency of Deglutition of Tongue Thrusters Compared to a Sample Population of Normal Swallowers. Journal of Dental Research, (43) 363 – 369

Lee, W., Karapetyan, G., Moats, R., Yamashita, D.-D., Moon, H.-B., Ferguson, D.J. and Yen, S. (2008) Corticotomy-/Osteotomy-assisted Tooth Movement microCTs Differ. Journal of Dental Research, (87) 861 – 867

Miyawaki, S., Araki, Y., Tanimoto, Y., Katayama, A. , Fujii, A., Imai, M. and Takano-Yamamoto , T. (2005) Occlusal Force and Condylar Motion in Patients with Anterior Open Bite. Journal of Dental Research(84) 133 - 137

Ruf, S. and Pancherz, H. (2004) Orthognathic surgery and dentofacial orthopedics in adult Class II Division 1 treatment: Mandibular sagittal split osteotomy versus Herbst appliance. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (126) 140-152

Berndt, J., Leone, P. and King, G. (2008) Using teledentistry to provide interceptive orthodontic services to disadvantaged children. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (134) 700-706

Hägg, U., Rabie, A.B.M., Bendeus, M., Wong, R.W.K, Wey, M.C., Du, X. and Peng, J. (2008) Condylar growth and mandibular positioning with stepwise vs maximum advancement. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (134) 525-536

Sloss, E.A.C., Southard, K.A., Qian, F., Stock, S.E., Mann, K.R., Meyer, D.L. and Southard, T.E. (2008) Comparison of soft-tissue profiles after treatment with headgear or Herbst appliance. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 509-514

Martins, R.P., Martins, J.C.R. , Martins, L.P., and Buschang, P.H.(2008) Skeletal and dental components of Class II correction with the bionator and removable headgear splint appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (134) 732-741

Collett, T. (2008) Evidence, judgment, and the clinical decision: An argument for evidence-based orthodontics. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 190-194

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Pavlow, S.S., McGorray, S.P., Taylor, M.G., Dolce, C. King, G.J. and Wheeler., T.T. (2008) Effect of early treatment on stability of occlusion in patients with Class II malocclusion. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 235-244

Hermont Cançado, R., Pinzan, A., Janson, G., Castanha Henriques, J.F., Santos Neves, L. and Eunice Canuto, C. (2008) Occlusal outcomes and efficiency of 1- and 2-phase protocols in the treatment of Class II Division 1 malocclusion. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 245-253

Keski-Nisula, K., Hernesniemi, R., Heiskanen, M., Keski-Nisula, L. and Varrela, J. (2008) Orthodontic intervention in the early mixed dentition: A prospective, controlled study on the effects of the eruption guidance appliance. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 254-260

Zhang, M., McGrath, C. and Hägg, U. (2008) Changes in oral health-related quality of life during fixed orthodontic appliance therapy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 25-29

Baccetti, T., Franchi, L., Schulz, S.O. and McNamara Jr, J.A. (2008) Treatment timing for an orthopedic approach to patients with increased vertical dimension. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (133) 58-64

Benson, P.E., Tinsley, D., O’Dwyer, J.J., Majumdar, A., Doyle, P., Sandler, P.J. (2007) Midpalatal implants vs headgear for orthodontic anchorage—a randomized clinical trial: Cephalometric results American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (132) 606-615

Turpin, D.L. (2007) The long-awaited Cochrane review of 2-phase treatmentAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (132) 423-424

Dolce, C., McGorray, S.P., Brazeau, L., King, G.J. and Wheeler, T.T. (2007) Timing of Class II treatment: Skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (132) 481-489

Nelson, B., Hägg, U., Hansen, K. and Bendeus, M.(2007) A long-term follow-up study of Class II malocclusion correction after treatment with Class II elastics or fixed functional appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (132) 499-503

Shaw, W.C., Richmond, S., Kenealy, P.M., Kingdon, A. and Worthington, H. (2007) A 20-year cohort study of health gain from orthodontic treatment: Psychological outcome. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (132) 146-157

Almeida-Pedrin, R.R., Almeida, M.R., Almeida, R.R., Pinzan, A., Ferreira, F.P.C. (2007) Treatment effects of headgear biteplane and bionator appliances. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (132) 191-198

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Denny, J.M., Weiskircher, M.A. and Dorminey, J.C. (2007) Anterior open bite and overjet treated with camouflage therapy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (131) 670-678

Freeman, C.S., McNamara Jr, J.A., Baccetti, T., Franchi, L. and Graff, T.W. (2007) Treatment effects of the bionator and high-pull facebow combination followed by fixed appliances in patients with increased vertical dimensions. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (131) 184-195

VanLaecken, R., Martin, C.A., Dischinger, T., Razmus, T. and Ngan, P. (2006) Treatment effects of the edgewise Herbst appliance: A cephalometric and tomographic investigation. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (130) 582-593

Jena, A.K., Duggal, R. and Parkash, H. (2006) Skeletal and dentoalveolar effects of Twin-block and bionator appliances in the treatment of Class II malocclusion: A comparative studyAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (130) 594-602

Wong, L., Hägg, H. and Wong, G. (2006) Correction of extreme overjet in 2 phasesAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (130) 540-548

Cevidanes, L.H.S., Franco, A.A., Gerig, G., Proffit, W.R., Slice, D.E., Enlow, D.H., Yamashita, H.K., Kim, Y-J., Scanavini, M.A. and Vigorito, J.W. (2005) Assessment of mandibular growth and response to orthopedic treatment with 3-dimensional magnetic resonance images. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (128) 16-26

Cevidanes, L.H.S., Franco, A.A., Gerig, G., Proffit, W.R., Slice, D.E., Enlow, D.H., Lederman, H.M., Amorim, L., Scanavini, M.A. and Vigorito, J.W. (2005) Comparison of relative mandibular growth vectors with high-resolution 3-dimensional imaging. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (128) 27-34

Banks, P., Wright, J. and O'Brien, K. (2004) Incremental versus maximum bite advancement during twin-block therapy: A randomized controlled clinical trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (126) 583-588

Schaefer, A.T., McNamara, Jr, J.A., Franchi, L. and Baccetti, T. (2004) A cephalometric comparison of treatment with the Twin-block and stainless steel crown Herbst appliances followed by fixed appliance therapy. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (126) 7-15

J. F. Camilla Tulloch, J.F.C., William R. Proffit, W.R. and Ceib Phillips, C. (2004) Outcomes in a 2-phase randomized clinical trial of early class II treatment. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (125) 657-667

Demetrios J. Halazonetis (2004) Morphometrics for cephalometric diagnosisAmerican Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (125) 571-581

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O'Brien, K., Wright, J., Conboy, F., Chadwick, S., Connolly, I., Cook, P., Birnie, D., Hammond, M., Harradine, N., Lewis, D., McDade, C., Mitchell, L., Murray, A., O'Neill, J., Read, M., Robinson, S., Roberts-Harry, D., Sandler, J., Shaw, I. and Berk, N.W. (2003) Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the twin-block appliance: a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 2: psychosocial effects. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (124) 488-494

O’Brien, K., Wright, J., Conboy, F., Sanjie, Y., Mandall, N., Chadwick, S. Connolly, I., Cook, P., Birnie, D., Hammond, M., Harradine, N., Lewis, D., McDade, C., Mitchell, L., Murray, A., O’Neill, J., Read, M., Robinson, S., Roberts-Harry, D., Sandler, J. et al.(2003) Effectiveness of early orthodontic treatment with the twin-block appliance: A multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Part 1: Dental and skeletal effects. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (124) 234-243

O’Brien, K., Wright, J., Conboy, F., Sanjie, Y., Mandall, N., Chadwick, S. Connolly, I., Cook, P., Birnie, D., Hammond, M., Harradine, N., Lewis, D., McDade, C., Mitchell, L., Murray, A., O’Neill, J., Read, M., Robinson, S., Roberts-Harry, D., Sandler, J. et al.(2003) Effectiveness of treatment for class II malocclusion with the herbst or twin-block appliances: a randomized, controlled trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (124) 128-137

Voudouris, J.C., Woodside, D.G., Altuna, G., Angelopoulos, G., Bourque, P.J. and Lacouture, C.Y. (2003) Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during Herbst treatment, Part 2. Results and conclusions. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (124) 13-29

Voudouris, J.C., Woodside, D.G., Altuna, G., M. Kuftinec, M.M., Angelopoulos, G. and Bourque, P.J. (2003) Condyle-fossa modifications and muscle interactions during herbst treatment, part 1. new technological methods. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (123) 604-613

Singh, G.D. and Clark, W.J. (2001) Localization of mandibular changes in patients with class II division 1 malocclusions treated with twin-block appliances: Finite element scaling analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (119) 419-425

Perillo, L., Johnston Jr, L.E. and Ferro, A. (1996) Permanence of skeletal changes after function regulator (FR-2) treatment of patients with retrusive Class II malocclusions. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, (109) 132-139

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Course Name: Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics I, II, III

Course Number: DENT 728A (8 credits), DENT 728B (12 credits), DENT 728C (12 credits)

Academic Unit: Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Academic Sub-unit: Division of Orthodontics

Instructors: Drs. David Kennedy, Sandra Fastlicht, Dorothy Sonya, Paul Witt, Edwin Yen and others

Course Description: A series of four 4-hour clinics per week for about 46 weeks per year that will provide Orthodontic specialty graduate students the opportunity to demonstrate competency in clinical management of the range of clinical care needs as required by accreditation guidelines and regulatory authorities. Patients usually require treatment protocols of about 3-year duration.

Course Goals: To achieve competency in the diagnosis, treatment planning and outcome assessment of patients with dental malocclusions and

craniofacial abnormalities. To achieve clinical competency in the treatment of patient’s with

malocclusions and craniofacial abnormalities.

Instructional Objectives - At the end of the course the student will be able:1. Achieve competency in the diagnosis of craniofacial and occlusal patterns.2. Identify treatment needs appropriate to individual patients.3. Design treatment planning options, mechanotherapy and sequence.4. Integrate and collaborate with allied professions where required.5. Execute and deliver care for specific patients.6. Analyze outcomes assessment of orthodontic care of patients.7. Evaluate evidence available for required clinical decisions in patient care.

Course Content:Clinical Evaluation of patientsCollection of patient data and records Analysis of patient diagnosisDevelopment of treatment strategiesImplementation of treatment Development of individualized treatment modificationManipulation of mechanotherapyAssessment of progress records and outcomes assessments

Evaluation of Course and Instructors:1. Students and instructors will informally discuss improvements to clinic activity and

content at the end of the course

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2. Students will evaluate the course anonymously through formats administered by the Curriculum and Teaching Effectiveness Committee

3. Instructors will be encouraged to administer their own evaluation methods

Course Format:A series of three 4-hour clinics per week for about 46 weeks per year that will provide Orthodontic specialty graduate students the opportunity to demonstrate competency in clinical management of the range of clinical care needs as required by accreditation guidelines and regulatory authorities. Patients usually require treatment protocols of about 3-year duration. The course is continued as DENT 728B and DENT 728C (Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics II and III respectively) as a series of four weekly 4-hour clinics for approximately 46 weeks per year.

Method of Student Evaluation:Credit will be based on participation in the section on clinics with successful completion of treatment objectives in keeping with professional codes of ethics in the timelines confirmed conjointly by the student and assigned instructors as stated in the patient records (contributing to 80% of final grade) plus the section on term OSCE type written examinations for cases similar to those on national board examinations (contributing to 20% of the final grade). See Appendix 11 for an example of patient report to be updated at all stages of patient progress. Minimum passing grade for each section is 68%.

Required Resources:Students will access classic and current literature through the UBC Library resources.

Recommended TextsMarcotte, M.R., (1990) “Biomechanics in Orthodontics” , B.C. Decker, Inc. , Toronto

Nikolai, R.J. (1985) “Bioengineering Analysis of Orthodontic Mechanics”, Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia

Melsen, B. and Burstone, C.J. (1990) “Introduction to Biomechanics”, Royal Dental College, Aarhus

Burstone, C.J. and Marcotte, M.R. (2000) Problem solving in Orthodontics: Goal Oriented Treatment Strategies. Quintessence Publishing Co, Chicago

Proffit, W.R., Fields, H.W. and Sarver, D.M. (2007) “Contemporary Orthodontics”, Mosby Elsevier, St. Louis

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Course Name: Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care I, II and III

Course Number: DENT 731A (2 credits), DENT 731B (2 credits), and

DENT 731C (2 credits)

Academic Unit: Dept. of Oral Health Sciences

Academic Sub-unit: Division of Orthodontics

Instructors: Dr. Angie Loo, Paul Pocock, Alan Lowe, Fernanda Almeida, Sandra Fastlicht, Mark Reichman, and others

Course Description: Advanced training in clinical orthodontic care involving interprofessional expertise, at the level of a certified specialist.

Course Goals: To achieve competency in the management of complex craniofacial rehabilitation patients while working in collaboration with other disciplinary specialists.

Instructional Objectives - At the end of the course the student will be able:1. Achieve competency to independently manage complex patient care requiring

interdisciplinary expertise.2. Achieve competency in patient and interprofessional communication. 3. Achieve competency in the diagnosis of craniofacial and occlusal patterns.4. Identify treatment needs appropriate to individual patients.5. Design treatment planning options, mechanotherapy and sequence.6. Integrate and collaborate with allied professions where required.7. Analyze outcomes assessment of orthodontic care of patients.8. Evaluate evidence available for required clinical decisions in patient care.

Course Content:Patient Need versus Patient DemandEthnic and Cultural NormsDelivery of care: Treatment indices, Public versus private care systemsDiagnostic and Research records and data: Behavioral, functional, growth, extra-oral, intra-oral and skeletal and soft tissue images and measurementsAppliance design and fabrication: removable (intra-oral, functional and orthopedic)Appliance design and fabrication: fixed (buccal, lingual and osseous implant anchorage)Patient motivation and complianceDiagnosis and Treatment PlanningInterdisciplinary Care: Paediatric, Orthognathic surgery, Periodontic, Prosthodontic collaboration, Cleft Palate team, obstructive sleep apnea, etc.Analysis of treatment outcomes; superimpositions and morphometrics

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Evaluation of Course and Instructors:1. Students and instructors will informally discuss improvements to seminar topic selection

and content at the end of the course2. Students will evaluate the course anonymously through formats administered by the

Curriculum and Teaching Effectiveness Committee3. Instructors will be encouraged to administer their own evaluation methods

Course Format:The course is composed of one clinic session including a short seminar per week each of 4-hour duration for about 46 weeks each year. Starting in the second year (Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care II) and continuing in the third year (Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care III) there will be participation in the Craniofacial Clinic of BC Children’s Hospital in alternate weeks with patient care clinics for these cases in the intervening weeks. The course continues in year 2 (DENT 731B) and year 3 (DENT 731C).

Method of Student Evaluation:Students will be evaluated by individual clinical supervisors assigned to each patient on an annual basis to determine appropriate patient care progress as determined conjointly by the student and supervising instructors. This will contribute 100% of the final grade in Year 1 (DENT 731A) and Year 2 (DENT 731B). Final evaluation by a panel of clinical examiners will review each completed case once all patient records and progress notes and analyses are compiled in a chart format that meets program requirements and are consistent with national board requirements. These final evaluations by the clinical examiners will constitute 100% of the final grade (Year 3 DENT 731C). See Appendix 11 for an example of patient report to be updated at all stages of patient progress. Minimum passing grade for each case evaluation is 68%.

Required Resources:Students will utilize the operatory space and instruments and equipment of the Faculty of Dentistry teaching clinics and clinics affiliated with the University such as BC Children’s Hospital.

Recommended TextsEpker, B.N and Fish, L.C. (1986) Dentofacial Deformities, Vol, 1 and 2, C.V. Mosby Co., St. Louis

Articles (samples)Long, R.E., Semb, G. and Shaw, W.C. (2000) Orthodontic treatment of the patient with complete clefts of lip, alveolus and Palate: Lessons of the past 60 years. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal (37) 533-1 – 533-13

Reisberg, D. (2000) Dental and Prosthodontic care for patients with cleft or craniofacial conditions. Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal (37) 534 – 537

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Pfeifer, T.M., Grayson, B.H. and Cutting, C.B. (2002) Nasoalveolar molding and gingivoperiosteoplasty versus alveolar bone graft: an outcome analysis of costs in the treatment of unilateral cleft alveolus. Cleft Palate Craniofacial Journal (39)26-29

Rosentsein, S.W., Grasseschi, and M., Dado, D.V. (2003) A long-term retrospective outcome assessment of facial growth, secondary surgical need and maxillary lateral incisor status in a surgical-orthodontic protocol for complete clefts. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery (111) 1-13

Williams, A.C. and Sandy, J.R. (2003) Risk factors for poor dental arch relationships in young children born with unilateral cleft lip and palate. Plastic and Reconstructive surgery (111)586-593

Rawji, A., Parker, L., Deb, P., Woodside, D., Tompson, B., M. Shapiro, C.M. (2008) Impact of orthodontic appliances on sleep quality. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 134:606-614

Hammond, R.J., Gotsopoulos, H., Shen, G., Petocz, P., Cistulli, P.A. and Darendeliler, M.A. (2007) A follow-up study of dental and skeletal changes associated with mandibular advancement splint use in obstructive sleep apnea. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 132:806-814

Almeida, F.R., Lowe, A.A., Otsuka, R., Fastlicht, S., Farbood, M. and Tsuiki, S. (2006) Long-term sequellae of oral appliance therapy in obstructive sleep apnea patients: Part 2. Study-model analysis. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 129:205-213

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Appendix 2Thesis Requirements for the Dual M.Sc. in Craniofacial Science and Diploma in Orthodontics

This dual program is a clinical specialty program. The program provides education and training for clinicians, researchers and teachers. Achievement of the Diploma in Pediatric Dentistry requires successful completion of the clinical and didactic requirements associated with the diploma program in the Faculty of Dentistry, successful completion of the M.Sc. in Craniofacial Science course requirements, and successful defense and submission of the thesis to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. In this program option, the degree and the diploma are awarded conjointly and both must be completed to graduate. Graduates will be eligible to take the examinations for specialty certification in orthodontics offered by the Royal College of Dentists of Canada and the American Board of Orthodontics. Normal course of study is three full academic years. Admission to the program must satisfy the requirements for admission to the Faculties of Graduate Studies and Dentistry. Applicants must hold a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or equivalent from a recognized university and fluency in the English language is required. The minimum TOEFL score requirement for graduates from a county where English is not the primary language is 580 paper-based or 93 internet-based. The application deadline for this dual program is October 1 and enrollment is limited.

THESIS DEFENSE DOCUMENTATION

MSc Thesis Defenses follow preset guidelines:

1. Introduction of committee members 2. 20-30 minute presentation based on thesis by candidate 3. First round of questioning (15-20 minutes/person) 4. Second round of questioning (7-8 minutes) 5. Candidate excused from room 6. Discuss university grading

a. General i. Is the thesis acceptable or not

b. Specific i. acceptable as is

ii. Revisions with minor changes (supervisor to approve all changes)iii. Revisions with major changes (all committee members to review changes iv. Unacceptable but can rewrite thesis and retake defense v. Outright failure and no defense redo

7. Discuss dentistry thesis grading (see below) 8. Candidate returns to discuss results

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Thesis Grade Final transcript grade is calculated using a preset assessment form: The following outline of criteria is intended to establish guidelines for the assessment of a M.Sc. thesis by the examination committee. However, the examiners are also free to base their evaluation on any additional criteria that they may consider relevant. Modified with Thanks from: FACULTY OF MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF HELSINKI, FINLAND

A. FORMULATION OF PROBLEM AND RESEARCH PLAN

1. There is no clear definition of the research problem, or the definition lacks scientific relevance. The approach has been planned inadequately and does not correspond to the goal(s) of the research.

2. The formulation of the research problem does not result from scientific study or a critical selection process. A typical example of this is a case where the author has happened to get hold of some determination or diagnostic method or a reasonable group of subject patients, and builds the study on these without any original creative idea of his own.

3. The study is based on an idea that is both logical and medically/biologically relevant. 4. The study is based on an original idea and shows creative thinking, or boldly disproves

beliefs previously prevalent in the field.

B. MATERIAL AND METHODS

1. The methods used are not suitable for the study or yield inaccurate or clearly insufficient answers to the questions set. The material is selective leading to misleading results.

2. The methods selected are appropriate for studying the phenomenon in question, But no originality is shown in their application. The material is not very extensive.

3. A widely used method has been substantially improved or modified so as to make it especially suitable for the study.

4. The author has developed a research method that in terms of its basic concepts or implementation must be regarded as a new discovery.

C. PERSONAL CONTRIBUTION The candidate's personal contribution includes: Material collection (examination of patients, laboratory testing) personally by the author; material collection by ancillary staff (colleagues, laboratory assistants) provided that the author thoroughly masters the methods, teaches them to the ancillary staff and supervises their performance.

1. The candidate’s personal contribution to material collection has been very limited or non existent.

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2. The candidate is personally responsible for some of the material or test results but also consulted other researchers already using suitable methods, who have collected the rest of the material.

3. The candidate has collected a substantial part of the material in the course of his/her own research. As regards the contribution of other researchers, the candidate has personally made a thorough study of every research method used.

4. The candidate has personally and carefully studied the suitability of every method used in the study; these methods have been applied personally by the candidate or under his personal supervision.

D. FINDINGS AND RESULTS

1. The findings of the thesis coincide with previously prevalent views, and the overall result is the confirmation of these views.

2. The findings of the thesis complete and make more precise some previously uncertain or incoherent views.

3. The thesis contributes substantially new views or otherwise new knowledge to the field.

4. The thesis contains observations of primary importance and also of international significance.

E. PROFICIENCY IN THE FIELD OF RESEARCH

The candidate's familiarity with the field is shown in the thesis manuscript, specifically the literature survey, but also in the discussions at the public examination.

1. The manuscript shows the author to be decisively insufficient in some areas, and/or the manuscript is based on essential misconceptions.

2. The candidate is versed in the literature relating to the field of research but is mainly passive in the discussion at the public examination.

3. The candidate has a critical grasp of the knowledge and literature in the field, and has logically considered both the merits and the weaknesses of previous publications.

4. The candidate's knowledge of the field under review is so thorough that s/he is able to disprove, change or substantially improve the views currently held.

F. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS

The candidate’s ability to present the results of his/her own research critically in the light of previous knowledge is shown in the thesis and at its public defense. The discussion and

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conclusions should demonstrate the candidate's capacity for critical analysis, academic honesty and scientific insight.

1. There is no general discussion and/or conclusions in the manuscript, or the section proves to be no more than a repetition of the summary or the literature survey.

2. The discussion part of the manuscript enumerates the author's own results and corresponding ones from previous publications. The conclusions do not relate to the original problem that was formulated for study.

3. The author compares his/her own research critically with previous studies, trying to define reasons for any differences and identifying merits and weaknesses in his/her own as well as in other existing works. The conclusions correspond to the findings and are built on a scientifically sound basis.

4. The author is able to produce a creative synthesis of the current research problems in the light of the thesis and to suggest productive lines of study for subsequent research. The conclusions are critically formulated.

THESIS GRADE The Faculty will decide on the grade of the thesis on the basis of the above assessment criteria. The grade will be out of a possible 100 percentage points. Final mark is entered on transcript.

Section TitleA Formulation of the Problem B Materials and MethodsC Personal Contribution D Findings and ResultsE Proficiency in the FieldF Discussions and Conclusions

Suggested conversionA. 6-10 = 68% B. 11 = 70%C. 12 = 72%D. 13 = 74%E. 14 = 76%F. 15 = 78%G. 16 = 80%H. 17 = 82%I. 18 = 84%J. 19 = 86%K. 20 = 88%L. 21 = 90%M. 22 = 92%N. 23 = 95%O. 24 = 100%Last reviewed April 11, 2008.UBC Faculty of Dentistry 2199 Wesbrook Mall Vancouver, BC Canada V6T 1Z3

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tel 604.822.4486 (Graduate Studies Admissions and Student Affairs)© Copyright The University of British Columbia, all rights reserved.

Appendix 3Thesis Requirements for the Dual Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science and Diploma in Orthodontics

This dual program option is a clinical specialty program that is offered in conjunction with a Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science. The program provides education and training for clinicians, researchers and teachers. Achievement of the diploma in orthodontic dentistry requires completion of the clinical and didactic requirements associated with the diploma program in the Faculty of Dentistry, successful completion of the Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science course requirements, and successful defense and submission of the thesis to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. In this program option, the degree and the diploma are awarded conjointly and both must be completed to graduate. The combined program will require a minimum of six years to prepare the student for clinical practice and a research career. Graduates will be eligible to take the examinations for specialty certification in orthodontics offered by The Royal College of Dentists of Canada and The American Board of Orthodontics.

Admission to the program must satisfy the requirements for admission to the Faculties of Graduate Studies and Dentistry. Applicants must hold a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or equivalent from a recognized university. Students entering directly with a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or equivalent without a Master’s degree must, during the first year of study, complete 12 credits with a first class average of which at least 9 credits must be at the 500-level or above and at least 9 credits must be no less than ‘A-’ (at UBC, 80%), to maintain registration as a doctoral student. Fluency in the English language is required. The minimum TOEFL score requirement for graduates from a county where English is not the primary language is 580 paper-based or 93 internet-based. The application deadline for this dual program is October 1 and enrollment is limited.

Doctoral Thesis Preparation and Submission

In order to be eligible for convocation, all thesis-based master's students and all doctoral candidates must submit one unbound, single-sided paper copy of their defended thesis or dissertation to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, or a PDF file of the thesis to the UBC Library's cIRcle web site. Submitted theses and dissertations must be formally approved by the Faculty of Graduate Studies.

Doctoral dissertations must be approved before submission for transmission to the External Examiner.

Electronic Thesis Submission: Students are encouraged to save paper and money by submitting their theses electronically.

Important: Please note that all theses will be freely available electronically through the UBC Library web site and the Library and Archives Canada web site shortly after submission.

You should review this section of the web site thoroughly as early as possible in the planning stages of writing your thesis.

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Resources to assist with thesis preparation and checking are available here. Please use them to check your thesis before final submission. We strongly recommend you look at one of the sample theses in the Resources section.

Sample Thesis: Traditional Sample Thesis: Manuscript-based

Pre-submission ReviewThe Faculty of Graduate Studies is happy to review your thesis at any time to help you meet the specifications of a UBC thesis.

There are two ways to have your thesis reviewed:

In-person review: Bring your thesis to the Graduate Studies office as a paper draft, or on a memory stick, or on your laptop, any time between 8:30 a.m. and 3:30 p.m. Monday to Friday. You do not need an appointment, but occasionally, if all the thesis reviewers are out of the office, you may be asked either to return later or to leave your thesis for review.

Electronic review: E-mail a pdf of your thesis to thesis@interchange.ubc.ca and request a review. Please include your name and student number, and let us know whether you're requesting a review prior to final submission or prior to submission for External Examination (mandatory for doctoral students only). We will respond by e-mail, but if extensive changes are needed we may recommend that you come to the office for an in-person review.

Please allow two working days for completion of the electronic review, and 30 minutes for the in-person review. It is your responsibility to submit your thesis for review well in advance of deadlines, in order to to allow yourself time to make changes if necessary.

Doctoral DissertationsThe format of doctoral dissertations must be reviewed and approved by the Faculty of Graduate Studies prior to submission for External Examination.

Once the dissertation has been approved you will be given a signed Thesis Review Sheet or sent an e-mail confirming that your dissertation is ready to be sent to the External Examiner. You must submit this sheet or a printout of the e-mail with the examination copies of the dissertation.

For more information on submission of a doctoral dissertation for transmittal to the External Examiner please see Submitting the Dissertation for External Examination in the Final Doctoral Oral Exams section of this web site.

Note on terminology: The term "thesis" on this web site is used collectively to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations.

Types of Theses

The term "thesis" on this web site is used collectively to refer to both master's theses and doctoral dissertations, but there are some differences between a master's and a doctoral thesis:

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A doctoral dissertation must contain a substantial contribution of new knowledge to the field of study. It presents the results and an analysis of original research, and should be significant enough to be published.

Doctoral dissertations may be written in one of two formats:

← A traditional thesis is a coherent document that provides a complete and systematic account of your research.

← A manuscript-based thesis is constructed around one or more related manuscripts.

Consult with your supervisory committee early in your degree program to determine which thesis format is best for your work, and then follow the guidelines on this web site.

If you are planning to produce a non-print thesis, you must consult with the Faculty of Graduate Studies early in the process to ensure that the format is acceptable. Please e-mail thesis@interchange.ubc.ca to arrange an appointment.

Important: You should also review Thesis Specifications for detailed information about the content and style of each component, and Formatting Requirements for information about presentation, appearance and formatting.Thesis Specifications

This section provides detailed information about each component of the thesis.

Important: There are differences between the specifications and formatting of traditional and manuscript-based theses in the following areas: Tables, Figures, and Illustrations, and End Pages/Notes, Footnotes, and Bibliography. Please read these sections carefully to ensure the specifications and formatting are appropriate for the type of thesis you are writing.

Warning: do not copy the specifications and/or formatting of theses written by other students in your graduate program. Previously submitted theses may not conform to the technical requirements of the libraries and the Faculty of Graduate Studies. Necessary changes may have been made only to the copy destined for the library, and versions held by the program may contain errors.

Failure to comply with all thesis specifications and formatting requirements may delay your graduation. Unless the Faculty of Graduate Studies has given consent in advance, theses that do not comply with these specifications will not be approved.

Formatting Requirements

All theses must comply with specific formatting requirements in order to be approved and accepted by the Faculty of Graduate Studies, the UBC Library, and Library and Archives Canada. This section covers the general formatting requirements for both master's theses and doctoral dissertations.

Warning: do not copy the specifications and/or formatting of theses written by other students in your program. Previously submitted theses may not conform to the technical requirements of the

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libraries and the Faculty of Graduate Studies. Necessary changes may have been made only to the copy destined for the library, and versions held by the program may contain errors.

You are responsible for learning the skills needed to produce a correctly-formatted thesis, and for ensuring that the final printout conforms to the formatting requirements on this web site. Taking a course in the computer program you are using for your thesis can save you a great deal of time and frustration when making changes.

Important: There are differences between the specifications and formatting of traditional and manuscript-based theses in the following areas: Tables, Figures, and Illustrations, and End Pages/Notes, Footnotes, and Bibliography. Please read these sections carefully to ensure the specifications and formatting are appropriate for the type of thesis you are writing.

Note: if you are using APA style and intend to submit on paper, please be aware that you will have to make some changes in order to produce a UBC-formatted thesis, such as removing italics from headings and the table of contents. You do not need to do this if you are submitting electronically.

LaTeX

A LaTeX thesis class and set of templates has been developed by Michael McNeil Forbes, a former UBC graduate student. To the best of our knowledge this class will produce a correctly-formatted traditional UBC thesis. For a manuscript-based thesis, you will need to make some modifications.

Link to the class: http://alum.mit.edu/www/mforbes/projects/ubcthesis/

Note: the Faculty of Graduate Studies offers this link for information only, and using the class does not guarantee a successful submission. In addition, we are not able to offer technical assistance at this time.

Many thanks to Michael McNeil Forbes for creation and ongoing development of this class.

Document Requirements

This section describes the various forms associated with thesis submission and indicates which are mandatory and which are optional. You should read through the descriptions of the forms to determine which ones you need.

For paper theses, you must submit all required forms and supporting documents with your thesis. Do not send forms to the Faculty of Graduate Studies prior to submission of the thesis unless you are submitting electronically.

The required signatures on the Dissertation/Thesis Approval forms and all other forms must be original signatures in ink. Photocopied or faxed signatures are not acceptable.

Forms must be fully completed and signed.

All forms can be downloaded here.

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Doctoral forms: Mandatory

Signed Doctoral Dissertation Approval form (minimum 3 signatures) Signed and dated (current date) UBC Thesis Licence Agreement form Completed and signed Library and Archives Canada Theses Non-Exclusive Licence form Completed Electronic or Paper Thesis Submission Cover Sheet

←

Electronic Submission: Mandatory

← Completed Electronic Thesis Submission Cover Sheet

Paper Submission: Mandatory

← Completed Paper Thesis Submission Cover Sheet

Doctoral: May be RequiredDepending on the content of your dissertation or thesis, one or both of the following may be required:

← Permission to Use Copyrighted Material form(s) or letters (must have original signatures). Please use the appropriate form, either for a doctoral dissertation or for a master's thesis.

← Statement of Co-authorship (last page of preliminary pages in thesis).

Doctoral: Optional

← Bibliography of Theses Related to British Columbia form ← Request to Withhold Thesis from Publication form.

← Final Thesis Submission← Submission of one original, single-sided, unbound paper copy of the defended thesis, as

approved by your examination committee, to the Faculty of Graduate Studies, or a PDF file of the thesis to the UBC Library's Information Repository via their cIRcle web site, is a requirement for convocation for thesis-based master's and doctoral students. A degree will not be conferred until a thesis that meets the standard has been approved by the Faculty of Graduate Studies. It is your responsibility to submit a thesis in the correct format and allow time for revisions to be complete in order to meet deadlines.

← We recommend you submit your thesis a minimum of 3 - 5 days before any deadline, as corrections must be made and the thesis approved in order for you to meet deadlines.

← Electronic Thesis Submission: As of November 13th 2007, UBC students are invited to submit their theses electronically.

← Note: Once theses have been accepted, those submitted electronically will be available on the internet in one to two days, and those submitted on paper will be scanned and

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will be available on the internet within three to five months. If you wish your thesis to be temporarily withheld, you must submit a paper copy and a formal request for the thesis to be withheld. See Withholding Theses from Publication for more information.

← Submitting Doctoral Dissertation for Examiner: For information on submitting a doctoral dissertation for transmittal to the External Examiner, please see the Final Doctoral Oral Examinations section of this web site.

← Important: Please make sure that the thesis you submit is complete and accurate. You cannot re-submit an updated or changed thesis at a later date.

← Proofreading← Please proofread your thesis carefully before printing the final version, as the version

submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies must be free of typographical, grammatical and other errors. This is primarily your responsibility, but supervisors and examiners should not sign off on theses until they are free of errors.

← Checking the Thesis← You should use Resources for Thesis Checking to check formatting before attempting

to submit your thesis. ← You can refer to the Thesis Submission Checklist to ensure that you are submitting all

appropriate paperwork.

Last reviewed 26-Nov-2007Copyright The University of British Columbia; all rights reserved.

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Appendix 6a

UBC Curriculum Proposal Form Change to Course or Program

Category: (1)FACULTY: Dentistry Faculty Approval Date: February 19, 2009

Effective Session 10S Term 1

DATE: 22/04/2009Contact Person: Dr. Ed PutninsPhone: 604-822-1734Email: putnins@intechange.ubc.caEffective Date for Change: 09, 2009

Proposed Calendar Entry:

Dual Program: Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in Orthodontic Dentistry

This dual program option is a clinical specialty program that is offered in conjunction with a Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science. The program provides education and training for potential clinicians, researchers, and teachers. Completion of the diploma in pediatric dentistry requires completion of the clinical and didactic requirements associated with the diploma program in the Faculty of Dentistry, and successful completion of the Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science course requirements, and successful defense and submission of their thesis to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. In this program option, the degree and the diploma are awarded conjointly and both must be completed to graduate. The combined program will require a minimum of 6 years to prepare the student for clinical practice and a research career. Graduates will be eligible to take the examination for specialty certification in orthodontics offered by The Royal College of Dentists of Canada and The American Board of Orthodontics.

Admission to the program must satisfy the requirements for admission to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Dentistry. Applicants must hold a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or equivalent from a recognized university. Students entering directly without a Master’s degree must, during the first year of study, complete 12 credits with a first class average of which at least 9 credits must be at the 500-level or above and at least 9 credits must be no less than ‘A-’ (at UBC, 80%), to maintain registration as a doctoral student. The minimum TOEFL Score requirement for graduates from a country where English is not the primary language is 580 paper-based

Type of Action: Calendar Description

http://www.students.ubc.ca/calendar/index.cfm?tree=12,201,429,0To be inserted after the Master of Science description and ahead of the Dual Program: Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in Pediatric Dentistry description, ie see below:

Master of Science

The Faculty of Dentistry offers advanced study

leading to the M.Sc. in Craniofacial Science through

one of the following areas of study:

…………………………..etc…………….. For

further information and details on admissions, please

see the Program.

Dual Program in Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in Orthodontic Dentistry………….etc.

Dual Program: Ph.D. in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in Pediatric Dentistry…

Rationale: To accurately reflect the addition of a dual program option in orthodontics to be done in conjunction with either an MSc or PhD in Craniofacial Science.

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or 93 internet-based. The application deadline for this dual program is October 1 and enrollment is limited.

Appendix 6bUBC Curriculum Proposal Form

Change to Course or ProgramCategory: (1)FACULTY: Dentistry Faculty Approval Date: February 19, 2009

Effective Session 10S Term 1

DATE: 22/04/2009Contact Person: Dr. Ed PutninsPhone: 604-822-1734Email: putnins@intechange.ubc.caEffective Date for Change: 09, 2009

Proposed Calendar Entry:

Dual Program: MSc in Craniofacial Science/Diploma in OrthodonticsThis dual program is a clinical specialty program. The program provides education and training for potential clinicians, research workers, and teachers. Completion of the diploma in orthodontic dentistry requires successful completion of the clinical and didactic requirements associated with the diploma program in the Faculty of Dentistry, and successful completion of the M.Sc. in Craniofacial Science course requirements, and successful defense and submission of their thesis to the Faculty of Graduate Studies. In this program option, the degree and the diploma are awarded conjointly and both must be completed to graduate. Graduates will be eligible to take the examinations for specialty certification in orthodontics of the Royal College of Dentists of Canada and the American Board of Orthodontics. Normal course of study is three full academic years.

Admission to the program must satisfy the requirements for admission to the Faculties of Graduate Studies and Dentistry. Applicants must hold a Doctor of Dental Surgery or Dental Medicine or its equivalent from a recognized university and fluency in English is required. The minimum TOEFL Score requirement for graduates from a country where English is not the primary language is 580 paper-based or 93 internet-based. The application deadline for this dual program is October 1 and enrollment is limited.

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Appendix 6cUBC Curriculum Proposal FormChange to Course or Program

Category: (1)Faculty: DentistryDepartment: Oral Health SciencesFaculty Approval Date: Feb. 19, 2009

Effective Session 10S Term 1

Date: February 18, 2009Contact Person: Dr. Edwin YenPhone: 7-4070Email: edyen@interchange.ubc.ca

Proposed Calendar Entry:

DENT 510A (8) Biomechanics of Craniofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics I

DENT 510B (8) Biomechanics of Craniofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics II

Present Calendar Entry: New courseType of Action: New courseRationale: To foster an understanding of dentoalveolar and periodontal tissue response to physiological and mechanical forces, craniofacial tissue response to orthopedic forces, relationship of material properties to force systems, impact of appliances to general oral health, and biological factors in long term occlusal relationships.

Proposed Calendar Entry:

DENT 515 (6) Craniofacial Growth and Development

Present Calendar Entry: New courseType of Action: New courseRationale:

To foster an understanding of the growth and development of the craniofacial complex at the molecular, histological and gross anatomical level.

Proposed Calendar Entry:

DENT 516A (8) Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care I

DENT 516B (8) Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care II

Present Calendar Entry: New courseType of Action: New courseRationale: To foster an understanding of public health aspect of craniofacial care, care delivery models, jurisprudence and ethics, analysis of patient data, evidence based treatment

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DENT 516C (8) Orthodontic and Craniofacial Orthopedic Patient Care III

planning, and treatment outcomes assessment.

Proposed Calendar Entry:

DENT 728A (8) Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics I

DENT 728B (12) Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics II

DENT 728C (12) Orthodontic and Dentofacial Orthopedic Clinics III

Present Calendar Entry: New courseType of Action: New course, Grading Scheme Pass/FailRationale: To develop a range of required clinical competencies by attending patients from the various clinical categories who will be evaluated using state-of-the-art diagnostic records and managed accordingly with the appropriate treatment plans and therapeutic interventions. Patient progress and outcomes assessment analyses will be presented to student peers and supervisory clinicians in seminar-like sessions.

Proposed Calendar Entry:

DENT 731A (2) Interdisciplinary Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics I

DENT 731B (2)Interdisciplinary Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics II

DENT 731C (2) Interdisciplinary Care in Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics III

Present Calendar Entry: New courseType of Action: New course, Grading Scheme Pass/FailRationale: Topics to include: public health aspect of special needs craniofacial care (such as cleft palate and other craniofacial anomalies, orthognathic surgical cases, oral rehabilitation cases, obstructive sleep apnea, care delivery models utilizing interdisciplinary health care teams, jurisprudence and ethics, analysis of patient data, evidence based treatment planning, and treatment outcomes assessment. Weekly clinics will provide students the opportunity to develop competency in integrating orthodontic care for the successful management of interdisciplinary cases in conjunction with collaborators of the health care team.

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Appendix 9

Graduate Orthodontic Timetables for Ph.D. dual program

Ortho Year 1 Term 1Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Craniofacial G&D Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care DENT 515 Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Radiology Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516A DENT 756 DENT 728A DENT 728A UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Research Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis I Methods Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis I DENT 540* I Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 649 * DENT 510A DENT 728A DENT 731A5:006:00

Patient Care I (Yr 1), II (Yr 2), III (Yr 3)Biomechanics I (Yr 1), II (Yr 2), III (Yr 3)Craniofacial Growth and Development (Yr 1 terms 1 and 2)Thesis 1 (Yr 1), II (Yr 2) , III (Yr 3)

*Move DENT 540 to 2:00 – 5:00 pm??

N.B.

Monday am and Thursday am and Thursday pm “Clinics” will be used for Pre-clinical sessions (records analysis skills, bonding and banding skills, arch wire adjustment skills, removable appliance skills) for about the first month (September)

DENT 731 A,B and C, Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care includes both seminars and clinic

PhD students will have the same Year 1 program without courses DENT 728A and 731AYear 2 and Year 3 (and if necessary a Year 4) will be dedicated completely to finishing the research thesis. A transitional year will then provide for thesis defense and manuscript submissions plus the completion of courses DENT 728A and 731A. The traditional Year 2 and Year 3 will then be resumed. In total a minimum of 6 years will ordinarily be required.

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Graduate Orthodontic Timetables for Ph.D. dual program

Ortho Year 1 Terms 2&3Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Craniofacial G&D Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care DENT xxx Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Radiology Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516A DENT 756 DENT 728A DENT 728A UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Research Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis I Methods Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis I DENT 540* I Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 649 *DENT 543 DENT 510A DENT 728A DENT 731A5:006:00

Note: DENT 543 Advanced Occlusion and Articulation replaces DENT 540 Research Methods in April, May and June

Schedules for Ph.D. dual program students in Year 2, 3 and if required Year 4 will be determined by the Ph.D. supervisor and respective supervisory committee in conjunction with the student in order to meet the requirements for the comprehensive examination, any specialized courses and the thesis completion, submission, defense and publication.

Note that by the end of Year 2 the student must complete the comprehensive examination and be admitted to candidacy for the Ph.D.

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Ortho Year 5 Term 1Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516B Care II ** DENT 728B DENT 728B UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Patient Care Clinic Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Patient Care Clinic II Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 516B DENT 728B DENT 510B DENT 728B DENT 731B5:006:00

Ortho Year 5 Terms 2&3Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516B Care II** DENT 728B DENT 728B UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Patient Care Clinic Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Patient Care Clinic II Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 516B DENT 728B DENT 510B DENT 728B DENT 731b5:006:00

**Cleft Palate and Special Needs Clinic at BCCH alternates weekly with Patient Care II seminars

After end of February Tuesday afternoon becomes Thesis/Research time except for selected weeks for DENT 543 Advanced Occlusion and Articulation April and May

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Ortho Year 6 Term 1Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516C Care III** DENT 728C DENT 728C UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Clinic Clinic Patient Care Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Clinic Clinic Patient Care Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 728C DENT 728C DENT 599 Dent 728C DENT 731C5:006:00

Ortho Year 6 Terms 2&3Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516C Care III** DENT 728C DENT 728C UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Clinic Clinic Patient Care Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Clinic Clinic Patient Care Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 728C DENT 728C DENT 599 DENT 728C DENT 731C5:006:00

**Cleft Palate and Special Needs Clinic at BCCH alternates weekly with Patient Care III seminars

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Graduate Orthodontic Timetables for M.Sc. dual program

Ortho Year 1 Term 1Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Craniofacial G&D Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care DENT 515 Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Radiology Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516A DENT 756 DENT 728A DENT 728A UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Research Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis I Methods Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis I DENT 540* I Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 599 * DENT 510A DENT 728A DENT 731A5:006:00

Patient Care I (Yr 1), II (Yr 2), III (Yr 3)Biomechanics I (Yr 1), II (Yr 2), III (Yr 3)Craniofacial Growth and Development (Yr 1 terms 1 and 2)Thesis 1 (Yr 1), II (Yr 2) , III (Yr 3)

*Move DENT 540 to 2:00 – 5:00 pm??

N.B.

Monday am and Thursday am and Thursday pm “Clinics” will be used for Pre-clinical sessions (records analysis skills, bonding and banding skills, arch wire adjustment skills, removable appliance skills) for about the first month (September)

DENT 731 A, B and C, Orthodontics and Interdisciplinary Care includes both seminars and clinic

59

Graduate Orthodontic Timetables for M.Sc. dual program

Ortho Year 1 Terms 2&3Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Craniofacial G&D Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care DENT xxx Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Radiology Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516A DENT 756 DENT 728A DENT 728A UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Research Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis I Methods Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis I DENT 540* I Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 599 *DENT 543 DENT 510A DENT 728A DENT 731A5:006:00

Note: DENT 543 Advanced Occlusion and Articulation replaces DENT 540 Research Methods in April, May and June

60

Graduate Orthodontic Timetables for M.Sc. dual program

Ortho Year 2 Term 1Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516B Care II ** DENT 728B DENT 728B UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis II Clinic Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis II Clinic II Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 599 DENT 728B DENT 510B DENT 728B DENT 731B5:006:00

Ortho Year 2 Terms 2&3Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516B Care II** DENT 728B DENT 728B UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis II Clinic Biomechanics Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis II Clinic II Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 599 DENT 728B DENT 510B DENT 728B DENT 731b5:006:00

**Cleft Palate and Special Needs Clinic at BCCH alternates weekly with Patient Care II seminars

After end of February Tuesday afternoon becomes Thesis/Research time except for selected weeks for DENT 543 Advanced Occlusion and Articulation April and May

61

Graduate Orthodontic Timetables for M.Sc. dual program

Ortho Year 3 Term 1Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516C Care III** DENT 728C DENT 728C UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis III Clinic Thesis III Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis III Clinic Thesis III Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 599 DENT 728C DENT 599 Dent 728C DENT 731C5:006:00

Ortho Year 3 Terms 2&3Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday

8:00 Patient Care Cleft Palate Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic9:00 Patient Care BCCH Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic10:00 Patient Care Patient Clinic Clinic UG Ortho Clinic11:00 DENT 516C Care III** DENT 728C DENT 728C UG Ortho Clinic12:00 Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch Lunch1:00 Lunch Clinic Lunch Clinic Lunch2:00 Thesis III Clinic Thesis III Clinic Inter-Disciplinary3:00 Thesis III Clinic Thesis III Clinic Patient Care4:00 DENT 599 DENT 728C DENT 599 DENT 728C DENT 731C5:006:00

**Cleft Palate and Special Needs Clinic at BCCH alternates weekly with Patient Care III seminars

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Appendix 11

Written Case Report

PATIENT’S NAME: DOB:RECORDS SET A A1 BRECORDS DATE:PT. AGE:

SINGLE PHASE

PHASE ONE PHASE TWO

INITIATED TX DATE: OR COMPLETED TX DATE:ACTIVE TX DURATION:MONTHS TO FINAL RECS

HISTORY AND ETIOLOGY:

DIAGNOSIS Skeletal:

Dental:

Facial:

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES OF TREATMENT Maxilla (all three planes):

Mandible (all three planes):

Maxillary Dentition A-P:

Vertical:

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Intermolar Width:

Mandibular Dentition A-P:

Vertical:

Intermolar / Intercanine Width:

Facial Esthetics:

TREATMENT PLAN:

APPLIANCES AND TREATMENT PROGRESS:

RESULTS ACHIEVED Maxilla (all three planes):

Mandible (all three planes):

Maxillary Dentition A-P:

Vertical:

Intermolar Width:

Mandibular Dentition A-P:

Vertical:

Intermolar / Intercanine Width:

64

Facial Esthetics:

RETENTION:

FINAL EVALUATION OF TREATMENT:

65

Appendix 12

UBC GRADUATE ORTHODONTICS REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE SEMINAR SESSION

STUDENT ASSESSMENT FORM

Student: ............................................ Date: ............................................

Topic: ............................................. Instructor: ............................................. A. PARTICIPATION low _______________________________________________ exemplary 0% 100%

Evaluation Criteria 1) Demonstrates understanding of the papers rather than simply reads critique. 2) Synthesizes an overview of the topic. 3) Places topic in the context of Orthodontics/Dentistry as a whole. 4) Contributes to discussion in a significant manner. 5) Provides a sound rationale for the position presented. 6) Demonstrates evidence of extra reading (background, related topics).

B. CRITIQUE poor _______________________________________________ exemplary 0% 100%

1) Determines the central points of the paper.

2) Summarizes the paper in own words.

3) Evaluates the experimental design to determine if sufficient to support paper’s conclusions.

Note: Instructors, please write comments to residents regarding this session on their literature summary to be returned to them.

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Appendix 13UBC GRADUATE ORTHODONTICS

Craniofacial Growth and Development DENT 515Special Topics Presentation

Assessment Form

Student: ............................................................ Date: ....................................................

Topic: ............................................................... Instructor: ..........................................

There are 4 components to the total grade. Each component is graded separately (eg. X/20) and then summed to give the final grade out of 100%. The pass grade is 68%.

Weighting of presentation components:Component I (20%)Presentation quality:

1. Provide background information (from other related papers) to introduce the topic. The student should aim to present an introduction that enables the group to gain a full understanding of specific craniofacial abnormalities.

2. Cites literature appropriately and specifically.3. Places topic in the context of Orthodontic Dentistry/Dentistry as a whole. 4. Provokes and leads the discussion in an effective manner. 5. Provides a sound rationale for the position presented. 6. Use digital presentation methods and provide copies of the presentation for the seminar.

Component II (30%)Molecular and Anatomical Etiology of Patient Conditions of the Assigned Topic

1. Relates basic science to the clinical presentation eg. Developmental and genetic etiology of the phenotype

2. Discusses relevant animal models where appropriate3. Discusses human genetics of the disease where appropriate4. Discusses environmental contributions where appropriate

Component III (30%)Current Management of Patient Care

1. Provides a summary of current diagnosis, prevention or treatment of the condition.2. Recognizes and presents successes and shortcomings of current treatment modalities

Component IV (20%)Future Directions for Basic and Clinical Research

1. Discusses the possible ways to reduce the burden of care for caregivers and patients2. If there is an environmental cause, suggest public health measures to decrease the

incidence and severity of the condition3. Suggest ways to test novel diagnostic, preventive or treatment procedures in a clinical

research study.

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