11

1919thth Century National Trends Century National Trends1820’s -1860’s1820’s -1860’s

During the 1During the 1stst half of the 19 half of the 19thth Century, the Century, the United States extended the franchise, United States extended the franchise, experienced the Jacksonian Era, experienced the Jacksonian Era, experienced westward expansion through experienced westward expansion through movement and war, saw the rise of movement and war, saw the rise of sectional interests, and also experienced sectional interests, and also experienced the increased participation in state and the increased participation in state and national politics through reform and a national politics through reform and a national crisis.national crisis.

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Three Major TopicsThree Major Topics

Part I: Changes in political democracy Part I: Changes in political democracy following the War of 1812.following the War of 1812.

Part II: 19Part II: 19thth Century Territorial Expansion Century Territorial Expansion

Part III: 19Part III: 19thth Century Reform and Crisis Century Reform and Crisis

The Supreme Court under Chief The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John MarshallJustice John Marshall

Marbury v. Madison= established the principle of Judicial Marbury v. Madison= established the principle of Judicial Review.Review.

McCulloch v. Maryland= The court ruled that Maryland or McCulloch v. Maryland= The court ruled that Maryland or any state does not have the power to tax a federal agency any state does not have the power to tax a federal agency or any federal property. This also established the doctrine or any federal property. This also established the doctrine of implied powers of Congress and upheld the Bank of of implied powers of Congress and upheld the Bank of the United States.the United States.

Gibbons v. Ogden = the Court strengthened powers of Gibbons v. Ogden = the Court strengthened powers of Congress and the Federal government to regulate the Congress and the Federal government to regulate the economy and interstate commerce.economy and interstate commerce.

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44

Presidential Election of 1824Presidential Election of 1824

Republican Party was split with four men Republican Party was split with four men seeking to succeed James Monroe.seeking to succeed James Monroe.

1. Henry Clay1. Henry Clay

2. John Quincy Adams2. John Quincy Adams

3. William Crawford3. William Crawford

4. 4. Andrew JacksonAndrew Jackson

55

““Corrupt Bargain”-election of 1824Corrupt Bargain”-election of 1824

Jackson received the popular vote and the most Jackson received the popular vote and the most electoral votes, but did not have a majority.electoral votes, but did not have a majority.Election was decided Election was decided in the House of in the House of Representatives.

Clay gave his support to Adams, and John Clay gave his support to Adams, and John Quincy Adams became the President.Quincy Adams became the President.When, Clay was named Secretary of State, When, Clay was named Secretary of State, Jackson supporters accused Adams and Clay of Jackson supporters accused Adams and Clay of making a “corrupt bargain.”making a “corrupt bargain.”

66

77

88

Election of 1828Election of 1828

Jackson , “Jackson , “Old HickoryOld Hickory” and his followers called ” and his followers called themselves the Democratic Republicans ( later – themselves the Democratic Republicans ( later – “Democrats”) and began an aggressive “Democrats”) and began an aggressive campaign for the election of 1828.campaign for the election of 1828.

Jackson personified a new “democratic spirit” in Jackson personified a new “democratic spirit” in America. He challenged the economic elite and America. He challenged the economic elite and promised the end of aristocratic rule.promised the end of aristocratic rule.

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Jackson- President in 1828Jackson- President in 1828

Jackson won a landslide victory in Jackson won a landslide victory in 18281828..

Age of the Common Man- Changes in Age of the Common Man- Changes in voting: new states had provided universal voting: new states had provided universal white male suffrage, old states withdrew white male suffrage, old states withdrew property qualifications, and for the first property qualifications, and for the first time-delegates from states selected time-delegates from states selected candidates for President at nominating candidates for President at nominating conventions.conventions.

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Age of the Common ManAge of the Common Man

For the first time in For the first time in American politics, the American politics, the average person felt average person felt they had a say in their they had a say in their government.government.

Thousands of Thousands of frontiersmen frontiersmen swarmed to DC for swarmed to DC for the inauguration of the inauguration of Jackson.Jackson.

1111

Jacksonian DemocracyJacksonian Democracy

When Jackson When Jackson became President in became President in 1829, he employed the 1829, he employed the “spoils“spoils system”system” : :he removed he removed aristocratic aristocratic government government employees from public employees from public government jobs and government jobs and replaced them with his replaced them with his campaign supporters. campaign supporters.

This was a political This was a political cartoon representing cartoon representing the Spoils System as the Spoils System as employed by Andrew employed by Andrew Jackson.Jackson.

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During this time, the Federalist Party During this time, the Federalist Party disappeared and new political parties, the disappeared and new political parties, the Whigs and the Know-Nothings, were Whigs and the Know-Nothings, were organized in opposition to the Democratic organized in opposition to the Democratic Party.Party.

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1. What four candidates ran for the Presidency in 1824?1. What four candidates ran for the Presidency in 1824?

2. Who became President in 1824?2. Who became President in 1824?

3. Why did supporters of Jackson call the Presidential election of 3. Why did supporters of Jackson call the Presidential election of 1824 the “Corrupt Bargain?”1824 the “Corrupt Bargain?”

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4. Who was elected President in 1828?4. Who was elected President in 1828?

5. In regard to changes in voting, why was the election of 5. In regard to changes in voting, why was the election of 1828 called the Age of the Common Man?1828 called the Age of the Common Man?

6. What was the Spoils System?6. What was the Spoils System?

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1616

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act

In 1830, at Jackson’s request, Congress In 1830, at Jackson’s request, Congress passed the Indian Removal Act:passed the Indian Removal Act:

It required the removal of Southeastern It required the removal of Southeastern Indians from their homelands to the new Indians from their homelands to the new Indian Territory west of the Mississippi, or Indian Territory west of the Mississippi, or present day present day OklahomaOklahoma..

1717

From 1830 to 1838, almost all Indian Tribes From 1830 to 1838, almost all Indian Tribes were forced from the Atlantic Coast areas to were forced from the Atlantic Coast areas to Oklahoma or other reservations. Most were Oklahoma or other reservations. Most were known as the “Five Civilized Tribes”- Cherokee, known as the “Five Civilized Tribes”- Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw.Creek, Seminole, Chickasaw, and Choctaw.

The forced journey of over The forced journey of over 15,000 15,000 Cherokees in Cherokees in 1838, in which over one fourth died of hardship, 1838, in which over one fourth died of hardship, disease, sickness, and starvation, is known as disease, sickness, and starvation, is known as the the Trail of Tears.Trail of Tears.

1818

Trail of TearsTrail of Tears

1919

Routes to OklahomaRoutes to Oklahoma

7. What was the main provision of the Indian Removal 7. What was the main provision of the Indian Removal Act of 1830?Act of 1830?

8. What was the Trail of Tears?8. What was the Trail of Tears?

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2121

Bank WarBank War

Jackson also opposed the Bank of the United Jackson also opposed the Bank of the United States ( BUS)States ( BUS)When the Bank came up for recharter in 1832, When the Bank came up for recharter in 1832, Jackson used Jackson used Presidential veto powerPresidential veto power to veto to veto the recharter bill.the recharter bill.This was the first time a This was the first time a President President used the veto used the veto power to veto a bill not based on constitutional power to veto a bill not based on constitutional grounds. grounds. Thus, from then on, a President had the right to Thus, from then on, a President had the right to veto any legislation for any reason.veto any legislation for any reason.

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When Jackson also won an overwhelming When Jackson also won an overwhelming victory in 1832 against the National victory in 1832 against the National Republican Party (later the Republican Party (later the Whig Whig Party), Party), he took it as a sign to completely destroy he took it as a sign to completely destroy the BUS. the BUS.

He withdrew all federal funds from the He withdrew all federal funds from the BUS and deposited them in state banks.BUS and deposited them in state banks.

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Panic of 1837Panic of 1837

However, reckless land speculation, state bank However, reckless land speculation, state bank failures, dissatisfaction with state banks as failures, dissatisfaction with state banks as depositories for federal funds, and depositories for federal funds, and unemployment led to an economic depression in unemployment led to an economic depression in 1837, known as 1837, known as the Panic of 1837the Panic of 1837..

In addition, Jackson issued an executive order, In addition, Jackson issued an executive order, the “the “specie circularspecie circular”, requiring any payment for ”, requiring any payment for public lands must be in gold or silver, or in public lands must be in gold or silver, or in currency backed by gold or silver. This currency backed by gold or silver. This contributed to the economic depression, which contributed to the economic depression, which lasted for about five years, the worst in US lasted for about five years, the worst in US History up to that time.History up to that time.

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Because Jackson Because Jackson acted as a strong acted as a strong executive President, executive President, enemies of Jackson enemies of Jackson began to call himbegan to call him

““King Andrew”King Andrew”

Look for negative characteristics.Look for negative characteristics.

What does this What does this picture represent?picture represent?

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2626

Issues Dividing AmericaIssues Dividing America

Sectional tensions were caused by competing Sectional tensions were caused by competing economic interests:economic interests:

The West and Northeast supported The West and Northeast supported highhigh tariffs – tariffs – the US government would use the money to pay the US government would use the money to pay for internal improvements in the West and high for internal improvements in the West and high tariff would protect Northeastern manufactures.tariff would protect Northeastern manufactures.

The South opposed high tariffs, because they The South opposed high tariffs, because they wanted cheaper imports and could sell cotton wanted cheaper imports and could sell cotton abroad.abroad.

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A declining economy in South Carolina led many A declining economy in South Carolina led many Carolinians to blame their problems on the Tariff Carolinians to blame their problems on the Tariff of 1828-they called the unfair tariff the of 1828-they called the unfair tariff the

“ “Tariff of abominations”Tariff of abominations”

When the newly proposed Tariff of 1832 offered When the newly proposed Tariff of 1832 offered South Carolina no relief, South Carolina voted to South Carolina no relief, South Carolina voted to nullifynullify the tariff, or refuse to collect the required the tariff, or refuse to collect the required duties in the state, and threatened to leave the duties in the state, and threatened to leave the Union.Union.

2828

Jackson claimed the “nullification” of federal Jackson claimed the “nullification” of federal laws was laws was treasontreason..

Jackson sent federal troops to forts in SC and a Jackson sent federal troops to forts in SC and a warship to Charleston. warship to Charleston.

Violence seemed possible!Violence seemed possible! Finally, the crisis was averted with a compromise Finally, the crisis was averted with a compromise

that tariffs would gradually be reduced.that tariffs would gradually be reduced.

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Martin Van BurenMartin Van Buren

When Jackson’s hand picked successor, When Jackson’s hand picked successor, Martin Van Buren, won the Presidential Martin Van Buren, won the Presidential election of 1836; the nation faced an election of 1836; the nation faced an economic crisis – The Panic of 1837.economic crisis – The Panic of 1837.

Van Buren did Van Buren did littlelittle to to

solve the problem.solve the problem.

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Election of 1840- election of William Election of 1840- election of William Henry HarrisonHenry Harrison

A new political party, the Whigs, selected the popular William Henry A new political party, the Whigs, selected the popular William Henry Harrison as their candidate for President.Harrison as their candidate for President.

Harrison defeated Van Buren, as people hoped he could end the Harrison defeated Van Buren, as people hoped he could end the depression.depression.

However, Harrison died after one However, Harrison died after one monthmonth in office. The VP, John in office. The VP, John Tyler became President.Tyler became President.

End – Part One End – Part One

9. How did Jackson eventually destroy the Bank of the United 9. How did Jackson eventually destroy the Bank of the United States (BUS)?States (BUS)?

10. Why did opponents of Jackson call him King Andrew?10. Why did opponents of Jackson call him King Andrew?

11. What was the nullification crisis?11. What was the nullification crisis?

12. What caused the Panic of 1837?12. What caused the Panic of 1837?

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13. What Supreme Court case strengthened the powers of 13. What Supreme Court case strengthened the powers of Congress and the federal government to regulate the Congress and the federal government to regulate the economy and interstate commerce?economy and interstate commerce?

14. What Supreme Court case established the principle of 14. What Supreme Court case established the principle of Judicial Review or that the Supreme Court has the Judicial Review or that the Supreme Court has the authority to determine if state or federal laws are authority to determine if state or federal laws are constitutional or not?constitutional or not?

15. What Supreme Court case established the doctrine of 15. What Supreme Court case established the doctrine of implied powers confirming the implied powers of implied powers confirming the implied powers of Congress?Congress?

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Part 2: Westward ExpansionPart 2: Westward Expansion

3434

1919thth Century Territorial Expansion Century Territorial Expansion

Part TwoPart Two

During the first half of the 19During the first half of the 19thth century, century, Americans poured westwardAmericans poured westward

into the Midwest, Southwest, and Texas.into the Midwest, Southwest, and Texas.

3535

In 1823, In 1823, Jedediah SmithJedediah Smith discovered the discovered the South Pass through the Rockies to South Pass through the Rockies to Oregon.Oregon.

By, 1850, over 4,000 settlers had migrated By, 1850, over 4,000 settlers had migrated west over the west over the Oregon TrailOregon Trail to the to the Willamette Valley in Oregon.Willamette Valley in Oregon.

Conestoga Wagon

3636

1825, The 1825, The Erie CanalErie Canal also supported westward also supported westward expansion and industrial growth.expansion and industrial growth.

Robert Fulton’sRobert Fulton’s steamboat would revolutionize steamboat would revolutionize water transportation.water transportation.Railroads were quickly developing, mostly in the Railroads were quickly developing, mostly in the North.North.

The invention of Eli Whitney’s The invention of Eli Whitney’s cotton gincotton gin led to led to the spread of the slavery based “cotton the spread of the slavery based “cotton kingdom” in the Deep South. kingdom” in the Deep South.

Cotton Engine – “Cotton Gin”Separated cotton seed from cotton.

3737

1820- 1860 Cotton Production1820- 1860 Cotton Production

3838

In 1821, Mexico obtained its In 1821, Mexico obtained its independence from independence from Spain.Spain.

American traders established the American traders established the Santa Fe Santa Fe Trail.Trail.

American traders and shipping companies American traders and shipping companies also established trade routes with the also established trade routes with the Californios Californios

(Spanish speaking citizens of California)(Spanish speaking citizens of California)

3939

Texas – The Lone Star StateTexas – The Lone Star State

In Texas, Mexicans had encouraged American In Texas, Mexicans had encouraged American immigration to help develop the economy.immigration to help develop the economy.

Alarmed by the growing number of Americans, Alarmed by the growing number of Americans, Mexico prohibited Mexico prohibited immigrationimmigration into Texas in 1830. into Texas in 1830.

In 1836, Texans led by Sam Houston and In 1836, Texans led by Sam Houston and

Stephen Austin declared their independence from Stephen Austin declared their independence from Mexico. Mexico.

4040

Texas IndependenceTexas IndependenceBattle at the Alamo-Battle at the Alamo- San Antonio, Texas- San Antonio, Texas- 1836, a band of Texans defending the 1836, a band of Texans defending the AlamoAlamo are defeated by a vastly superior are defeated by a vastly superior Mexican Army led by Santa Anna.Mexican Army led by Santa Anna.

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The AlamoThe Alamo

4242

““Remember the Alamo”Remember the Alamo”

In April 21, 1836- Americans led by Sam In April 21, 1836- Americans led by Sam Houston defeat Houston defeat Santa AnnaSanta Anna at the at the

Battle of San Jacinto Battle of San Jacinto

Texas is granted independence from Mexico Texas is granted independence from Mexico and becomes an independent Republic.and becomes an independent Republic.

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Republic of TexasRepublic of Texas

4444

In the Presidential Election of 1844, James In the Presidential Election of 1844, James K. Polk campaigns on adding Texas, K. Polk campaigns on adding Texas, Oregon and California to the Union.Oregon and California to the Union.

This expansion view is called This expansion view is called “Manifest“Manifest Destiny”,Destiny”, that it was God’s destiny for the that it was God’s destiny for the US to occupy lands from the US to occupy lands from the AtlanticAtlantic to to Pacific.Pacific.

1845- Texas annexed, 1846-Oregon annexed 1845- Texas annexed, 1846-Oregon annexed (49(49thth parallel) parallel)

4545

Manifest DestinyManifest Destiny

4646

Mexican War 1846-1848Mexican War 1846-1848

Mexican War-Mexican War- disagreement over the border disagreement over the border between Mexico and the US ( Rio Grande ), between Mexico and the US ( Rio Grande ), leads to a war with Mexico.leads to a war with Mexico.US Forces occupy California and declare the US Forces occupy California and declare the “Bear Flag” Republic and invade Mexico.“Bear Flag” Republic and invade Mexico.

The American victory over Mexico was settled in The American victory over Mexico was settled in the the Treaty ofTreaty of Guadalupe HidalgoGuadalupe Hidalgo . The new US . The new US territory called the territory called the Mexican Cession-Mexican Cession- it included it included the present day states of California, Nevada, the present day states of California, Nevada, Arizona , New Mexico and parts of Utah, Arizona , New Mexico and parts of Utah, Wyoming and Colorado- 15 million was also paid Wyoming and Colorado- 15 million was also paid to Mexico.to Mexico.

4747

The Gadsden Purchase-The Gadsden Purchase- in 1853 the US in 1853 the US purchases additional land from Mexico, purchases additional land from Mexico, adding more land to the southern border of adding more land to the southern border of the Mexican Cession.the Mexican Cession.

4848

Territorial ExpansionTerritorial Expansion

4949

1844- Mormons led by their founder 1844- Mormons led by their founder Joseph Smith,Joseph Smith, and later and later Brigham YoungBrigham Young settle in Salt Lake, settle in Salt Lake, Utah.Utah.

1849- Gold is discovered in California, 1849- Gold is discovered in California, which leads to the San Francisco which leads to the San Francisco Gold Gold RushRush of 1849, ( called the forty niners) of 1849, ( called the forty niners)

5050

Trails WestTrails West

5151

1919thth Century Expansion Century Expansion

5252

Part Two QuestionsPart Two Questions

1. What invention by Eli Whitney led to the spread of slavery and the 1. What invention by Eli Whitney led to the spread of slavery and the cotton kingdom in the Deep South?cotton kingdom in the Deep South?

2. What two men led the movement for Texas independence from 2. What two men led the movement for Texas independence from Mexico?Mexico?

3. What is the name of the battle during the American migration into 3. What is the name of the battle during the American migration into Texas which resulted in the Texans fighting to the last man against a Texas which resulted in the Texans fighting to the last man against a vastly superior force?vastly superior force?

4. Which battle eventually resulted in the Texans’ victory over Mexican 4. Which battle eventually resulted in the Texans’ victory over Mexican forces and subsequently brought Texas into the United States?forces and subsequently brought Texas into the United States?

5. Define “Manifest Destiny”.5. Define “Manifest Destiny”.

6. What was the name of the trail that led to Willamette Valley?6. What was the name of the trail that led to Willamette Valley?

7. Where did the Mormons eventually settle?7. Where did the Mormons eventually settle?

8. What present day states would eventually come from the 8. What present day states would eventually come from the Mexican Cession?Mexican Cession?

9. Which term describes the gold seekers that travelled to San 9. Which term describes the gold seekers that travelled to San Francisco?Francisco?

10. What are the years of the Mexican War?10. What are the years of the Mexican War?

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1919thth Century Reform and Crisis Century Reform and CrisisPart 3Part 3

The first half of the nineteenth century The first half of the nineteenth century represented the women’s suffrage represented the women’s suffrage movement, abolition, social reform, states movement, abolition, social reform, states rights, and changes in literature and the rights, and changes in literature and the arts.arts.

However, sectional differences would lead However, sectional differences would lead to the worst crisis in US History-The Civil to the worst crisis in US History-The Civil War.War.

5555

Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights

11stst Women’s Right Convention- 1848 in Seneca Women’s Right Convention- 1848 in Seneca Falls, NYFalls, NY.- developed the Seneca Falls .- developed the Seneca Falls DeclarationDeclaration which stated the need for women’s which stated the need for women’s rights, including women’s suffrage.rights, including women’s suffrage.

Women’s right’s movement was led by Women’s right’s movement was led by Elizabeth Elizabeth Cady StantonCady Stanton and and Susan B. AnthonySusan B. Anthony

Dorothea Dix-Dorothea Dix- campaigned for women’s rights, campaigned for women’s rights, care for the insane, and the poor.care for the insane, and the poor.

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Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights

5757

Abolitionist MovementAbolitionist Movement

Many in the North began to see slavery as a Many in the North began to see slavery as a violation of Christian principles, and began violation of Christian principles, and began campaigns to end slavery.campaigns to end slavery.

William Lloyd Garrison-William Lloyd Garrison- began an anti-slavery began an anti-slavery newspapernewspaper called called The LiberatorThe Liberator..

Harriet Beecher Stowe-Harriet Beecher Stowe- wrote wrote Uncle Tom’sUncle Tom’s Cabin,Cabin, a best-selling novel about the horrors of a best-selling novel about the horrors of slavery which inflamed the growing strength of slavery which inflamed the growing strength of abolitionism.abolitionism.

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Frederick Douglass-Frederick Douglass- An African American An African American born into slavery, Douglass was a self born into slavery, Douglass was a self taught influential leader in the taught influential leader in the underground railroad and the abolitionist underground railroad and the abolitionist movement.movement.

(During the Civil War, Douglass urged (During the Civil War, Douglass urged Lincoln to recruit former Lincoln to recruit former slaves slaves to fight for to fight for the Union Army)the Union Army)

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1855- Douglass published 1855- Douglass published My BondageMy Bondage and My Freedomand My Freedom, which gave eloquent , which gave eloquent expression calling for an end to slavery.expression calling for an end to slavery.

“… “… No man can put a No man can put a chain chain about the ankle of his about the ankle of his fellow man without at last finding the other end fellow man without at last finding the other end fastened about his own neck”fastened about his own neck”

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In Virginia, Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser In Virginia, Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser led led slaveslave revolts. revolts.

Slave revolts supported white Southern Slave revolts supported white Southern fears of slave rebellions, and led to fears of slave rebellions, and led to harsher laws and punishments against harsher laws and punishments against fugitive slaves.fugitive slaves.

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Sectional CrisisSectional Crisis

The addition of new states to the Union led The addition of new states to the Union led to sectional and state conflicts regarding to sectional and state conflicts regarding the issue of slavery.the issue of slavery.

Compromises were made to maintain a Compromises were made to maintain a balancebalance of power in Congress. of power in Congress.

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Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

Compromise of 1850-Compromise of 1850-

1.California would be admitted as a 1.California would be admitted as a freefree state. state.

2. New Mexico and Utah territories would be 2. New Mexico and Utah territories would be created without restrictions on slaverycreated without restrictions on slavery

3. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia3. Slave trade abolished in the District of Columbia

4. A new Fugitive Slave Law allowed slave owners 4. A new Fugitive Slave Law allowed slave owners to retake fugitive slaves and to fine or imprison to retake fugitive slaves and to fine or imprison anyone that helped fugitives.anyone that helped fugitives.

6363

Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850

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Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 :Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 : repealed the Missouri Compromiserepealed the Missouri Compromise

Slavery in Kansas and Nebraska would be Slavery in Kansas and Nebraska would be decided by decided by popularpopular sovereignty. sovereignty.

Resulted in bloody fighting in Kansas as pro-and Resulted in bloody fighting in Kansas as pro-and anti-slavery forces fought each other.anti-slavery forces fought each other.

Kansas was called “Bloody Kansas”Kansas was called “Bloody Kansas”

The Republican Party was formed as an anti-The Republican Party was formed as an anti-slave party.slave party.

6565

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Lincoln Douglas Debates -1858Lincoln Douglas Debates -1858

Abraham Lincoln- the Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln- the Republican candidate and and Stephen Stephen Douglas- the Northern Douglas- the Northern Democrat candidate conducted debates Democrat candidate conducted debates when running for the Senate in Illinois.when running for the Senate in Illinois.

Lincoln opposed the spread of slavery and Lincoln opposed the spread of slavery and Douglas favored popular sovereignty.Douglas favored popular sovereignty.

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Candidates for the Illinois Senate - 1858:Candidates for the Illinois Senate - 1858:

Abraham Lincoln Stephen A. DouglasAbraham Lincoln Stephen A. Douglas

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Douglas won the Senate seat, but Lincoln Douglas won the Senate seat, but Lincoln gained national attention with his House gained national attention with his House DividedDivided Speech in which he stated: Speech in which he stated:

“… “… a house divided against itself cannot stand. I a house divided against itself cannot stand. I believe this government cannot endure believe this government cannot endure permanently half slave and half free. I do not permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the Union to be dissolved- but I do expect the Union to be dissolved- but I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing or all the other”all one thing or all the other”

6969

Supreme Court DecisionSupreme Court Decision

Dred Scott Decision 1857- Scott v. SanfordDred Scott Decision 1857- Scott v. Sanford

Supreme Court ruled that:Supreme Court ruled that:

1. Scott could not sue in the federal courts because he 1. Scott could not sue in the federal courts because he was was not not a citizen, just property.a citizen, just property.

2. Congress had no right to forbid slavery in the 2. Congress had no right to forbid slavery in the territories, it should be decided by settlers. territories, it should be decided by settlers.

Therefore, the Missouri Compromise was Therefore, the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

3. Basically set abolition back because any 3. Basically set abolition back because any congressional action would be now be considered congressional action would be now be considered unconstitutional.unconstitutional.

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John Brown’s Raid – 1859John Brown’s Raid – 1859

A Kansas raider and A Kansas raider and abolitionist, John Brown abolitionist, John Brown and eighteen followers and eighteen followers raided the Federal raided the Federal Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, Virginia in an attempt to Virginia in an attempt to gain weapons and arm gain weapons and arm slaves for a slave revolt.slaves for a slave revolt.

Brown was hanged for Brown was hanged for treason, but he became a treason, but he became a martyr martyr for the anti-slave for the anti-slave movement in the North movement in the North and a symbol of violence and a symbol of violence and hatred in the South.and hatred in the South.

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Election of Abraham LincolnElection of Abraham Lincoln

The Election of 1860- 4 candidatesThe Election of 1860- 4 candidates

Stephen Douglas-Northern Democrat,Stephen Douglas-Northern Democrat, supported popular sovereigntysupported popular sovereigntyJohn Breckenridge- Southern Democrat, John Breckenridge- Southern Democrat,

supported protection of slaverysupported protection of slaveryAbraham Lincoln- Republican, supported limiting Abraham Lincoln- Republican, supported limiting

the extension of slaverythe extension of slaveryJohn John Bell- Constitution Union, favored Bell- Constitution Union, favored

compromise and moderation.compromise and moderation.

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Lincoln won and a majority of the electoral Lincoln won and a majority of the electoral vote, but received only vote, but received only 39%39% of the popular of the popular vote, and no votes from southern states.vote, and no votes from southern states.Mass hysteria swept through the South.Mass hysteria swept through the South.Many felt Lincoln’s election would lead to Many felt Lincoln’s election would lead to the end of slavery and their economic and the end of slavery and their economic and social ruinsocial ruin..The era of compromise would end and The era of compromise would end and lead the nation into a bloody civil war.lead the nation into a bloody civil war.

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Election of 1860Election of 1860

7474

1. Where was the first Women’s Rights Convention?1. Where was the first Women’s Rights Convention?

2. What two women led the Women’s Rights movement?2. What two women led the Women’s Rights movement?

3. What woman was instrumental in advocating women’s rights and 3. What woman was instrumental in advocating women’s rights and care for the poor and insane?care for the poor and insane?

4. Who published an anti-slavery newspaper called 4. Who published an anti-slavery newspaper called The Liberator?The Liberator?

5. What was the title and who wrote a novel about the horrors of 5. What was the title and who wrote a novel about the horrors of slavery?slavery?

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Identify the following:Identify the following:

1. Frederick Douglass-1. Frederick Douglass-

2. Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser-2. Nat Turner and Gabriel Prosser-

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3. What were the 4 main provisions of the Compromise 3. What were the 4 main provisions of the Compromise of 1850?of 1850?

7777

4.What were the two main provisions of the Kansas-4.What were the two main provisions of the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854?Nebraska Act of 1854?

5. What resulted in Kansas as a result of the Kansas-5. What resulted in Kansas as a result of the Kansas-Nebraska Act?Nebraska Act?

7878

6. What was the result of the Dred Scott Supreme Court 6. What was the result of the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision?decision?

7. Why were abolitionists upset by the Dred Scott 7. Why were abolitionists upset by the Dred Scott decision?decision?

7979

8. What abolitionist led a raid against the Federal Arsenal 8. What abolitionist led a raid against the Federal Arsenal at Harper’s Ferry Virginia in 1859?at Harper’s Ferry Virginia in 1859?

9. Who was elected President in 1860?9. Who was elected President in 1860?

10. After the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 10. After the election of Abraham Lincoln as President in 1860, why did some southern states pull out of the 1860, why did some southern states pull out of the union?union?

11. During Lincoln’s Senate campaign, what did he state 11. During Lincoln’s Senate campaign, what did he state regarding the future of the Union?regarding the future of the Union?

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EndEnd