1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 10 1112 8 13 Instructions: On your paper, write
the correct colony with the number it matches List them in their
regions. 15. New England 16. Middle 17. Southern 18. Chesapeake 14
Slide 2 Colonial Society & Democratic Growth 1607-1692 Slide 3
The Chesapeake Colonies The Unhealthy Chesapeake Tobacco Economy
Bacons Rebellion/significance Slavery in the Colonies Africans in
America Southern Society Colonial Unity Restoration Colonies
Puritan Theocracy The Great Awakening----1730 to 1740 Salem Witch
Trials----1692 Democratic institutions Town meetings Mayflower
Compact House of Burgesses Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Maryland Religious Toleration Act Zenger Court case English Bill of
Rights Colonial Society notes4 All colonies practiced self-
government had their own parliaments. Slide 4 The Unhealthy
Chesapeake Life expectancy cut by 10 years (few lived to be 40-50
yrs. Old); died by 20 years old. Grew slowly- mostly with new
immigrants 1600s- people born in Va. & Maryland lived to be 20.
6 to 1 male to female ratio 1/3 of brides were pregnant before
wedding Marriages ended by death (avg. 7 years) Disease- malaria,
dysentery, typhoid Late 1600s Chesapeake was growing through
natural increase Virginia became most populous colony (59,000 by
late 1600s) Slide 5 Population Comparisons: New England v. the
Chesapeake Slide 6 Tobacco Economy Tobacco outpaced food crops 1.5
million pounds exported in 1630s; 40 million lbs. by 1700 (change
over time!) Falling prices= demand for more land= demand for more
labor Most laborers'= indentured servants (3/4 of European
immigrants in Chesapeake) Slide 7 )) Headright System Headright
System: Plantation owners were given 50 acres for every indentured
servant they sponsored to come to America. Indentured Contract
Indentured Contract: Served plantation owner for 7 years as a
laborer in return for passage to America. Freedom Dues Freedom
Dues: Once servant completed his contract, he/she was freed.They
were given land, tools, seed and animals. However, they did not
receive voting rights. ****Masters increasingly refused to give
land. Slide 8 African slavery indentured servitude What factors led
to the introduction of African slavery replacing indentured
servitude as the labor force in the American Colonies? What factors
led to the introduction of African slavery slavery replacing
indentured servitude servitude as the labor force in the American
Colonies? Slide 9 Bacons Rebellion ( 1676 - 1677) Nathaniel Bacon
represents former indentured servants. Governor William Berkeley of
Jamestown Slide 10 Involved former indentured servants Not accepted
in Jamestown Disenfranchised and unable to receive their land Gov.
Berkeley would not defend settlements from Indian attacks Slide 11
Nathaniel Bacon acted as the representative for rebels Gov.
Berkeley refused to meet their conditions and erupts into a civil
war. Bacon dies, Gov. Berkeley puts down rebellion and 20 rebels
are hung Consequence of Bacons Rebellion Consequence of Bacons
Rebellion African slavery eventually replaces indentured Slide 12
Slide 13 Slavery has been practiced since the beginning of
documented history. Slavery introduced by the Spanish into the West
Indies after Columbuss discovery of America. Spanish and Portuguese
expanded African slavery into Central and South American after
enslaved Indians began dying off. In 1619, the first recorded
introduction of African slaves into what would become the United
States was in the settlement of JamestownOnly 20 slaves were
purchased. Slaves captured in Africa Slaves aboard shipMiddle
Passage Slide 14 This is called the Middle Passage Slide 15 Slide
16 Slavery in Colonial America Slavery grew slowly (few whites
could afford, white servants were cheaper) 1680s- fewer indentured
servants & fear of angry farmers (Bacons Rebellion)= more
reliance on African slaves 1698- Royal African Co.- lost monopoly
1700- 400,000 of 10 million African slaves to North America 1750-
slaves count almost half of Va. Population Slave Codes- define
slaves as lifetime chattel, forbids teaching reading or writing to
slaves Slide 17 Africans in America Slave life in the deep south-
HARSH! SC rice growing Tough climate Work Gangs of slaves; mostly
male Relied on fresh slave imports Chesapeake- Tobacco Less
physically demanding More social network & contact 1720s female
population increased= natural increase of slave population African
Cultural contributions ring shout- development of jazzlater Banjo,
language (Gullah) Slide 18 Slaves resorted to revolts in the 13
colonies and later in the southern U.S. 250 insurrections have been
documented; between 1780 and 1864. 91 African-Americans were
convicted of insurrection in Virginia alone. First revolt in what
became the United States took place in 1526 at a Spanish settlement
near the mouth of the Pee Dee River in South Carolina. Slave
Revolts Slide 19 September 9, 1739September 9, 1739, twenty black
Carolinians met near the Stono River, approximately twenty miles
southwest of Charleston. They took guns and powder from a store and
killed the two storekeepers they found there. "With cries of
'Liberty' and beating of drums"With cries of 'Liberty' and beating
of drums," "the rebels raised a standard and headed south toward
Spanish St. Augustine. Burned houses, and killed white opponents.
Largest slave uprising in the 13 colonies prior to the American
Revolution. 20 white Carolinians and 40 black Carolinians were
killed before the rebellion was suppressed.Slave-owners caught up
with the band of 60 to 100 slaves. 20 white Carolinians and 40
black Carolinians were killed before the rebellion was suppressed.
Slave Revolts/Stono Stono County Rebellion Slide 20 Slave Revolts
would lead plantation owners to develop a series of slave
laws/codes which restricted the movement of the slaves. Slaves were
not taught to read or writeSlaves were not taught to read or write
Restricted to the plantationRestricted to the plantation Slaves
could not congregate after darkSlaves could not congregate after
dark Slaves could not possess any type of firearmSlaves could not
possess any type of firearm A larger slave population than white in
some statesA larger slave population than white in some states
Slave owners wanted to keep their slaves ignorant of the outside
world because learning about life beyond the plantation could lead
to more slave revolts and wanting to escape. Slave Laws Slide 21
Slide 22 Slide 23 Southern Society Spread of slavery widened the
social gap Va. Dominated by extended clans (families) FFVs; owned
huge tracts of land= Planter class Small Farmers- (largest group)
owned small amounts of land (maybe 1-2 slaves) Landless whites-
barely made a living from the land Indentured Servants African
slaves *churches, schools slow to develop Slide 24 The New England
Family Better climate & water= longer life expectancy (adds 10
years; avg. life expectancy= 70) Migrated as a family unit from
England (intact families) Marriage & family Early marriage=
booming birthrates Large families encouraged (10 pregnancies 8
surviving children)!!! Abusive husbands punished Divorce-
abandonment or adultery only Children taught obedience NE invented
grandparents Slide 25 Marriage & Family Rights of women in NE
Gave up property rights at marriage Widows property rights
protected Women could not vote Women morally weaker than men (The
Scarlet Letter -1850 Nathaniel Hawthorne ) Womens spheres Midwifery
Slide 26 Life in New England Towns Tightly knit (hemmed by Indians,
French, Dutch) Small farms & villages Puritanism= unity &
purpose Towns grew in an orderly fashion (legally chartered;
distribution of land) Town layouts Meeting House- place of worship
& town hall. Village green militia training Family received
parcels- woodlot, land for crops, land for pasturing. Slide 27 Land
Division in Sudbury, MA: 1639-1656 Slide 28 Education in New
England Towns provided education 50 or more families= elementary
school 100 or more = secondary school of adults could read 1636-
Harvard (8 years after founding colony) Democracy **Town meetings-
adult males met & voted (the best school of political liberty
the world ever saw. Thomas Jefferson) Elected schoolmasters,
officials Slide 29 Harvard, 1636First colonial college; trained
candidates for ministry College of William and Mary, 1694
(Anglican) Yale, 1701 (Congregational) Great Awakening Great
Awakening influences creation of 5 new colleges in mid-1700s
Princeton College of New Jersey (Princeton), 1746 (Presbyterian)
Columbia Kings College (Columbia), 1754 (Anglican) Brown Rhode
Island College (Brown), 1764 (Baptist) Rutgers Queens College
(Rutgers), 1766 (Dutch Reformed) Dartmouth College Dartmouth
College, 1769, (Congregational) Higher Education Slide 30 The
decline of Puritanism First generation Puritans began losing their
religious zeal as time went on. Puritan population moved out of
town away from control of church. Too much religious intoleration
Children of non-converted members could not be baptized. The *
jeremiad, was used by preachers to scold parishioners into being
more committed to their faith. *"Half-Way Covenant",1662: sought to
attract more members by giving partial membership to children of
members (weakened line between the elect & others. Puritan
churches baptized anyone and distinction between the "elect" and
other members of society subsided (*women became majority in
churches now) Salem Witch Trials, 1692 -- The decline of Puritan
clergy Slide 31 The Salem Witch Trials took place in Salem,
Massachusetts from March to September 1693, was one of the most
notorious episodes in early American history. Based on the
accusations of two young girls, Elizabeth Parris and Abigail
Williams. Under British law and Puritan society those who were
accused of consorting with the devil were considered felons, having
committed a crime against their government. The punishment was
hanging. Slide 32 19 hung, 1 pressed, 55 confessed as witches and
150 awaited trial. Shows the strictness of Puritan society Shows
how a rumor can cause hysteria even to illogical thinking. Later,
many people involved admitted the trials & executions had been
mistake. Causes disapproval of Reverend Parris land disputes
between families, Indian taught witchcraft to girls. Girls caught
dancing, began to throw fits and accuse people of bewitching (To
put under one's power by magic or cast a spell over) them to not
get in trouble. Slide 33 The New England Way Yankee Way Geography
shaped them back-breaking work & soil= industry, penny-pinching
(frugal) Less ethnically mixed Diversified agriculture &
industry Good harbor = shipbuilding & fishing Calvinism, soil,
& climate= energy, purposefulness, sternness, self-reliance
Yankee ingenuity Slide 34 Early Settlers Ways Majority were farmers
Rose at dawn & went to bed at dusk (worth the candle) Land was
cheap (less available in the south; cheap in Northern & Middle)
European immigrants trying to recreate social structure in America
was frustrated (1689-1691 Leislers Rebellion in NY) Slide 35 Slide
36 Trade Enumerated Goods Lumber Tobacco Rice Indigo Furs To
England from Colonies Slide 37 Manufactured Goods Furniture
Clothing Colonials had not factories. From England to Colonies
Slide 38 Slide 39 Purpose Unite against a common enemy. Involved
Massachusetts Connecticut but not Rhode Island Democratic growth
Indian Wars Pequot War, 1644 King Philips War, 1675 Confederation
dissolves once wars end. Purpose Unite against a common enemy.
Involved Massachusetts Connecticut but not Rhode Island Democratic
growth Indian Wars Pequot War, 1644 King Philips War, 1675
Confederation dissolves once wars end. Not Rhode Island Slide 40
Massasoits son, Metacom (King Phillip) formed Indian alliance
attacked throughout New England, especially frontier English towns
were attacked and burned - unknown numbers of Indians died 1676:
War ended, Metacom executed, lasting defeat for Indians Slide 41
Forced by King James II NE Colonies, NJ & NY Goals Restrict
Colonial trade Defend Colonies Stop Colonial smuggling Sir Edmund
Andros Gain control over Colonies Eliminated town meetings, the
press and schools Taxed without the consent of the governed
Collapsed after Glorious Revolution Forced by King James II NE
Colonies, NJ & NY Goals Restrict Colonial trade Defend Colonies
Stop Colonial smuggling Sir Edmund Andros Gain control over
Colonies Eliminated town meetings, the press and schools Taxed
without the consent of the governed Collapsed after Glorious
Revolution Slide 42
