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2 In the early 1600s, the peasants of southern China rebelled against the Ming emperor. While the Chinese army was busy in the south, the Manchu, a tribe from the north, took control of Manchuria. The Manchu conquered the Ming dynasty in 1644. The Manchu Conquer China Manchu guard

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3 The Ming Empire Compare these two maps

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4 The Qing Empire

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What things can you infer from: 1.Knowing the Qing Dynasty lasted 270 years 2.From the 2 maps (Ming and Qing)

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6 Qing Dynasty The Manchu founded the Qing ( Ching ) dynasty which lasted until 1912. The Manchu controlled the army. The Chinese were allowed to govern the bureaucracy.

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7 For the second time in Chinese history, China was under foreign rule. The first 3 emperors, Kang Xi, Yong Zheng, and Qian Long, brought 133 years of peace to China. The Manchu (Qing) Rule China Manchu archerEmperor Qian Long

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8 Population Growth The population increased almost 4X under Qing rule.

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9 The Manchu banned marriage between Manchu and Chinese. Manchu documents were not printed in Chinese. The Qing separated themselves from the Chinese Manchu bride Manchu clothing

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10 China by mid 1800s had isolated itself from much of the world Limited trade with Europeans (only in Canton- now called Guangzhou) EXTERNALLY: Foreign Relations Tea Porcelein

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11 Britain spending vast amounts for Chinese goods, but China wasnt buying (didnt want?) anything Britain had to offer Unequal Trade with the British

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12 The British brought opium from their colonies to trade. This caused severe social problems in China because many became addicted to opium. Until: Opium

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16 In 1839, China ended the opium trade. Great Britain went to war against the Chinese to defend its right to sell opium. This was called The First Opium War. In 1842, China was forced to sign the Treaty of Nanjing which gave Hong Kong to Britain and allowed European traders in several port cities. The First Opium War

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Other countries soon after also forced China to open up trade for them as well Ports opened up Foreigners came into China Extraterritoriality of foreigners (not subject to Chinas laws Missionaries could preach Christianity and had to be protected Legalized opium trade

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20 Emperor Qian Long INTERNALLY: Rebellions Rebellions: 1775 - The Society of the White Lotus 1813 - The Society of Heaven's Law 1850-1864 - The Taiping Rebellion 1851 - Nien Rebellion 1856 - Panthay Rebellion Emperor Qian Long ( Che-on Long ) expanded China to its greatest extent. He brought prosperity to the Manchu, but not to Chinese peasants. Massive poverty led to many rebellions.

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21 INTERNALLY: Rebellions Large population increase but no increase in food production China not modernizing Most people still subsistence farming

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22 Tens of thousands died in these rebellions.

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23 The Taiping Rebellion The Taiping Rebellion lasted from 1850 to 1864. It was led by a village schoolteacher named Hong Xiuquan. Believed he was brother of Jesus Christ (mystical Christianity) Between 20 to 30 million Chinese died during the rebellion. The Qing dynasty s imperial army was unable to stop the rebellion and needed the help of the British and French armies Afterwards, the Qing had to share power with local warlords. Hong Xiuquan China in 1850

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24 The Taiping Rebellion

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25 Chinese General Li Hongzhang during the Sino-Japanese War In 1895, China lost to Japan during the Sino-Japanese war. The Japanese army was superior to the New Model Army. Japan also destroyed the Chinese navy.

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By 1860s, Chinas government led (unofficially) by the Empress Dowager Cixi)

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Problems in China in 1900: Chapters 1 and 2 and list internal and external problems

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