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NetworkNetwork ：： The The FutureFuture

Jintong Lin

24 Oct 2009, BUPT

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OutlineOutline

Current Status of Networks Emerging Supportive TechnologiesEnd-to-End Broadband NetworkResearch Programs World-Wide The concept and framework for the future

network

Conclusion

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Network: Integration of ICTNetwork: Integration of ICT

Opto-electronicsMicro-electronics Information collecting and sensing Information processing Information storage and displayTelecommunication technology Computation Information security

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Current Status of Networks

FTTH: Broadband with >100Mb/s CATV: Popular worldwide The Internet Traffic: 1000 times larger in 10

years Web 2.0 applications:

Blog, SNS, YouTube, Second Life, Google Services, …

Various Networks: Home-Net, Sensor-Net, WPAN 3G Cellular Phone with versatile applications:

e-mail, digital camera, prepaid cashing, user authentication, TV monitor (One Segment),…

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Supportive TechnologiesSupportive Technologies Streaming media:

real time transmission of digital contents.

Optical fiber: high capacity networking.

Wireless: individual access any time, any where.

Internet: information resource /channels.

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The age of public creativity

Sources: OIDA, TI, Wikipedia, Mashable social networking 2.0; P Cashmere (2006), Yahoo news (N Finn 2006)

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Video of the futureVideo of the future

Pixels Lines Compressed

SDTV 720×576 ×8×2×25 166Mb/s 6M

HDTV 1920×1080 × … 829Mb/s 20M

Super-HDTV (Digital Film)

3840×2048 ×… 4.53Gb/s

HD Holographic

400k×400k ×… 230Tb/s 23T

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How to solve the bandwidth crisisHow to solve the bandwidth crisis

1) Increase the available spectrum

2) Use the spectrum more efficiently

Thanks to Dr. Charles K Kao

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74

109

1012

1015

1018

78 82 86 90 94 98 02 06 10Year

Ca

pa

city

x D

ista

nce

(b

it km

/s)

Gig

aTe

raP

eta

1st gen.: 0.8 m MMFm2nd gen.: 1.3 m SMFm3rd gen.: 1.5 m DSFm4th gen.: coherent

~ x10 per 4years

5th gen.: EDFA WDM DM, FEC EDFA (C+L) Raman

M-ary Pol-Mux

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Spectral efficiencySpectral efficiency

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32Tb/s DWDM Transmission

AT&T, NEC, Corning （ OFC2009 ）320×114Gb/s ×580kmPDM-RZ-8QAM, SMF-28 with super-low loss

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Spec. efficiency vs. years Spec. efficiency vs. years (Mobile)(Mobile)

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Fiber net.: the landscapeFiber net.: the landscape

Capacity 5Tb/s 10Tb/s 10~40Tb/s

No.Wave 100-200 200-500 500-1000

DataRate 2.5-10Gb/s 10-40Gb/s 160Gb/s-1Tb/s

Bandwidth 100nm 200nm 400nm

Tech. OADM/OXC Opt.Router all-opt. switch

DWDM OBS OTDM QPSKSelf-adapt Opt.3R phot.integrationdisp.compen. W.Conver. Quant.com.

2000 20102000 2010 20202020

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PDM-QPSK and OFDMPDM-QPSK and OFDM

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Photonic integration: which one?Photonic integration: which one?

Silicon CMOS

Planar glass integration: do not underestimate its

potential

Nano photonicsOptical Functionality:the smallest size possiblethe lowest energy possiblethe shortest switching time

possible

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Au FilmLight In Light “out”

Surface Plasmon wave

Grating

Plasmons as information carriers:

• small bending angles• High integration density• Broadband

Electro-opticalmodulator Logic

gate

Detector

Opticalmemory

[S. I. Bozhevolnyi et al., Nature 440, 508 (2006)]

EPSRC NanoPhotonics Portfolio Centre / Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton

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Subscriber 3

Metro (Core)

Business Ring

Passive splitter (Local gateway)

Access Network

Central Office

Central Office

Long haul

Coded Channels

1-16

Access Network (FTTX)

Subscriber 1

Subscriber 2

Subscriber 16

Coded Channels

Address 2

Address 1

Can we go all-optical?

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A fs switch with mw thresholdOptical transmission is still analogue!We need pulse reshaping and noise thresholdingMicrostructured fibres a strong contender

An optical bufferPhotons still cannot be stored!We want routing in the optical domain – 40 Packet

buffers‘Slow light’ struggles to beat simple optical fibre delay

lines

• Fibre devices remain major possibilities• Optical power no longer a problem!

10%

10%

(b)

(c )

noisy data

regenerated data

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ISDNISDN

FTTHFTTH

VDSLVDSL

CATVxDSLCATVxDSL

PHSPHS

TToday’s wired oday’s wired = tomorrow’s wireless= tomorrow’s wireless

1990

100K

1M

10M

100M

1G

1995 2010

Data speed

1K

10K Voice bandmodem

Voice bandmodem

20052000

● W-CDMA TD-SCDMAcdma200

● cdma2000 EV-DO(2.4M)

● W-CDMA/TD-SCDMA HSDPA (14M)

● LTE (50M/100M)

Systems

beyond 3GSystems

beyond 3G

IMT-2000

802.16 family

802.11 familyFix

ed

Com

munic

ati

ons

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End-to-End Broadband Networking

FirstFirstcmscms

FirstFirstmetermeterss

FirstFirstMilesMiles

MetroMetroWANWAN

Optical≥100Gb/sper channel

Long-Haul

≥40Gb/s FTTHFTTHWDM PONWDM PONTDM PONTDM PON

>10 Gb/s Multi-Multi-bandbandMM-WMM-WInter-Inter-connectconnect

>10 Gb/s WirelesWirelesss& MMW-& MMW-ROFROF

MetroMetroWANWAN

Last Last MilesMiles

Last Last metersmeters

Last Last cmscms

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Da

ta r

ate

(M

b/s

)

GPRS/EDGE

UMTS / HSDPA/1xEVDO

1000

100

10

1

0.1

1 10 100 1000 10000

Range (m)

802.11n

802.11a/g

802.11bWiFi

802.16 WiMax

802.16e / 20Bluetooth

802.15.1

802 15 3

Mobile/Nomadic

Fixed

ZigBee802.15.4 GSM/TDMA

Blackberry

ECMA-387

802.15.3aUWB

60 GHz wirelessinterconnects formemory accessIn the box

100000

Canopy

WirelessWireless ：： bandwidth & coveragebandwidth & coverage

WPAN

ECMA ： European Computer Manufacturers Association12/2008 High Rate 60 GHz PHY, MAC and HDMI PAL

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Broadband Access Network ConvergenceBroadband Access Network ConvergenceWire

line

Time

Next GenerationIntegrated

Optical and WirelessAccess Networks

Cap

acity

Data R

ate

Mobility

ADSL/CableADSL/Cable

APONAPON

BPONBPONEPONEPON

GPONGPON

<10Mb/s

155Mb/s

622Mb/s

1.25Gb/s

2.5Gb/s

TDM-PONTDM-PONWDM WDM PONPONWDM WDM PONPON

CopperCopper

OpticalOptical

1Gb/s --- 10Gb/s10Mb/s --- 100Mb/s

WiFi2.4GHz (802.11b/g)

5GHz (802.11a)

WiMAX2.5, 3.5GHz10, 26GHz

MVDS40GHz

MBS60GHz

MMDS2-3GHz

LMDS26-29GHz

Frequency

Wire

less

millimeter-wave

MMDS: multichannel multipoint distribution service, LDMS: local multi-point distribution serviceMVDS: microwave video distribution system, MBS: mobile broadband system

DoDKu-band11-18 GHz

274 Mb/s10-Km 200-Km over fiber

10-m over air200-Kmover air

70-90GHzLTE700MHz

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60GHz MMW60GHz MMW ： ： providing Gb/s accessproviding Gb/s access

56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 6656 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 GHzGHz

Pro

hib

itedP

roh

ibitedUnlicensedUnlicensed

Wireless LANWireless LAN

Wireless LANWireless LAN

II SS MM

UnlicensedUnlicensedPt.-to-Pt.Pt.-to-Pt.

Sp

ac

e a

nd

fixed

& m

ob

ile a

pp

s.

Sp

ac

e a

nd

fixed

& m

ob

ile a

pp

s.

Japan

E.U.

U.S.

A license free band near 60GHz has A license free band near 60GHz has up to 8 GHz antenna resonant bandwidth up to 8 GHz antenna resonant bandwidth available for wireless communications.available for wireless communications.

It can provide super broadband It can provide super broadband wireless data and HD video linkswireless data and HD video links

at > 1Gb/s.at > 1Gb/s.

Unlicensed Unlicensed Pt to PtPt to Pt

Sp

ace com

m.

Pro

hib

ited

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Current WLAN/WPAN(WiFiIEEE802.11a/b/g/n, Bluetooth,UWB)

Inadequate bandwidth overly

congested

Increased interference

Lower capacity

Relatively low data rates

Power limitation

MMW-Band (60 GHz) for WPAN(ECMA-387, WiFi VHT, IEEE802.15.3.c

and WiMedia)

No interference with existing RF channels

Short-range (<10 m) wireless comm.

Reconfigurable and reusable channels

Ultra-high date rates up to 16-Gb/s

Last metersLast meters ：： WPANWPAN

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Network Architecture by ITU-TNetwork Architecture by ITU-T

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Near-future ObjectivesNear-future Objectives

Replace legacy telephone networks with the IP-based networks

Integrate various servicesQuadruple-play Services: Voice, Data, Video, Cellular Phone

Solve the issues that the Internet is facingApplication-oriented QoS controlMobility supportWeakness for security

Maintain the safety and reliability of telephone services

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Vinton G. Cerf & Robert E. Kahn

TCP/IP / Web / TCP/IP / Web / Search EngineSearch Engine

Chad Hurley & Steve Chen

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Research Programs for future networkResearch Programs for future network

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Research Program in ChinaResearch Program in China

Controllable, Manageable, Measurable IP Network (973-07) Cognitive Radio (973-08) Optoelectronic Devices & Nano-Heterostructures(973-09) Controllable Pbit/s Optical Network (973-09) Pbit/s Optical Transmission Technologies (973-09) High-speed optical signal processing technologies and devices

in New Generation Optical Network (NSF) Fiber sensor network and the key technologies(NSF-07) 60G ROF (NSF-08) 100G OOFDM (NSF-09) New gen. of high creditability network (863-07) Self-organization networks and computing technology (863) CNGI(863)

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GENI: Key ConceptsGENI: Key Concepts ((GENI: Global Environment for Network Innovations)GENI: Global Environment for Network Innovations)

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About FIND ProjectAbout FIND Project (FIND: Future Internet(FIND: Future Internet Design)Design)

New architecture principles Compassable architectural building blocks Recursive network architecture

Delay tolerant network architectures Disaster networks Cache and forward network (for large files)

Network technology and architectures Wireless Networks Optical Networks

Services architectures

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EU Program: From FP6 to FP7EU Program: From FP6 to FP76th Framework Program (FP6)

390MEuro for ICT2002-2006 (5 years)

7th Framework Program (FP7)2007-2013 (7 years)910MEuro for ICT

2001 2006 2013

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FIREFIRE ：： Future Internet Research and ExperimentationFuture Internet Research and Experimentation

Long term multidisciplinary research on future Internet paradigms

Open to fresh bottom-up ideas with no backwards-compatibility constraints

Build in from the outset and on all levels the right balance between security/accountability and privacy

FIRE is an experimentally-driven long-term research initiative on FIRE is an experimentally-driven long-term research initiative on Future Internet concepts, protocols an architectures, encompassing Future Internet concepts, protocols an architectures, encompassing technological, industrial and socio-economic aspects.technological, industrial and socio-economic aspects.

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AKARI in JapanAKARI in Japan

Designing new generation network architecturePick up techniques

Integrate & simplify them under the clean slate design concept

Research

- a small light in the dark pointing to the future -

Architecture and Key Technologies

JGN 2 JGN2+ JGN3

Funding for Research Projects in Univ. and/or Industry

AKARI Project

Testbed

Funding

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AKARI Project’s R&D PlanAKARI Project’s R&D Plan

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Study Items for FNet Architecture

Application

Overlay Network

(IP+ α) NW / Post IP NW

Underlay NetworkPhotonic NW

Mobile NWSensor NW

Mu

lti-layer con

trol M

echan

ism

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Architecture Study in AKARIArchitecture Study in AKARI Connectionless Datagram Packet Combination of Packet and Circuit Switched

NetworkingIdentification & Location Separate

StructureNaming & Discovery New Scheme should be neededLayered Architecture Cross-layered ArchitectureMobile Networking PDMA (Packet Division Multiple Access)Overlay network Overlay testbed over JGN2Autonomous/Self-organization mechanism Network Science

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Requirements for the future net.Requirements for the future net.

1. Network Capacity 1000times in 10yearsBackbone Node: 1Pb/s, Backbone Link: 10Tb/sFTTH: 10Gb/s

2. No. of Appliances Ubiquitous appliances100 billion appliances / 1 million broadcast stations

3. Capacity of contentsFrom 100 bit (sensor/RFID) to 5Tb (2 hour 4K digital film contents) and more

4. Transparency / Openness / SimplicityKISS principle: Keep it simple and stupidControlled transparency for security

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Requirements for future net. (cont.)Requirements for future net. (cont.)

5. Reliability: Protection of Privacy, Traceability6. Ubiquity: Ubiquitous appliances and contents

Full mobility support7. Sustainability and adaptability for technological

advances8. Low Power consumption

Prediction: ICT systems will occupy about 50% of total power consumption with current technology in 10 years!

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New ApplicationsNew Applications

Grid Computing over optical networksDisplay for visualization of e-scienceDigital Film, 2d/3d ODS (Other Digital Stuff)

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OptlPuter 100M pixelsOptlPuter 100M pixels displaydisplay

55-Panel display100 Megapixels

30×10GE interfaces1/3 Tera bit/sec

Driven by 30 unitCluster of 64 bit

Dual Operons

60 TB Disk

Linked to OtlPuter

Working with NASAARC HyperwallTeam to Unify

Software

Source: Jason Leigh, Tome DeFanti, EVL@UIC

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4K Digital Cinema Prototype System

Vertical scan lines 　　 2048 LinesHorizontal pixels 　　 3840 Pixels（４ K)

Source: ＮＴＴ Labs.

D-ILA 4K Projector

JPEG2000 Real Time Decoder

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ConclusionConclusion

Broadband Network is definitely needed for the fast-increasing information traffic

Great efforts are made in the progress of supportive technologies

Various projects are carried out worldwide for the concept and framework of the future network

An advanced network will be realized to meet the requirements for the future

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Thank Thank You!You!

Jintong LinJintong Lin

www.bupt.edu.cn www.bupt.edu.cn

Email: ljt@bupt.edu.cnEmail: ljt@bupt.edu.cn

Tel: 86 -10 - 62282332Tel: 86 -10 - 62282332

Acknowledgement to:

D.N. Payne, Univ. of Southampton

G.K. Chang, Georgia-Tech.

Wu Hequan, China Academy of Eng.

Tomonori Aoyama, NICT