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Organised by
INDIAN GEOTECHNICAL SOCIETY KOCHI CHAPTER&
COCHIN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Edited by
Dr. Dipak Kumar SahooDr. T.G. Santhosh Kumar
Dr. Benny Mathews AbrahamDr. Babu T. Jose
Proceedings of the
Indian Geotechnical ConferenceIGC – 2011
GEOCHALLENGES
December 15-17, 2011
Kochi, Kerala, India
Volume - I
Golden Jubilee
Kochi Chapter
Copyright © Indian Geotechnical Society, Kochi Chapter, 2011
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or
transmitted in any form or by any means without prior permission.
First published: 2011
Publishers: Indian Geotechnical Society, Kochi Chapter, Kochi,
Kerala, India.
Printed at Kochi
Matha Offset Printers, Power House Road, Kochi-18
The proceedings in this volume are meant for research and academic purposes. The authors of the papers in this volume have declared the originality of their contributions and affirmed that their works
do not contain materials whose publication would violate any copyright, trademark, intellectual
property rights or other personal or proprietary rights of any private person or entity or governmental or quasi-governmental entity. In addition, the authors have declared that the papers have been
submitted only to IGC 2011 and that those have neither been published nor have they been under
consideration for publication or in press anywhere else. Having thus exercised all reasonable care against infringement/violation of copyright or intellectual property right, the organizers do not accept
any responsibility or liability of claim for damages in these regards. The statements and opinions
expressed in the papers in this volume are purely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the opinion of the editors and the organizers of the Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011. Any mention of
the name of any company or the trade name of any product or process does not imply endorsement by
the Conference organizers. Errors/omissions, if any, are unintentional and regretted.
ii
iii
The Indian Geotechnical Society, Kochi Chapter fondly remembers its Founder
Vice Chairman Late Shri Praphulla Kumar, who was also a Vice Chairman of the
Golden Jubilee Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011 till his sad untimely demise
on 26 September 2011. He was the Founder Chairman and Managing Director of
GeoFoundations and Structures Pvt. Ltd, Kochi, a Life member of the Indian Roads
Congress (IRC) and the Kerala State Chairman of the Builders Association of
India (BAI) during 2009-10. He was the Organizing Secretary of the 22nd All
India Builders’ Convention 2006 (BAI NATCON) at Cochin and a member of many
more subsequent National Level endeavours of BAI. The IGC 2011 bids tearful
adieu to this stalwart who had graduated in Civil Engineering from the erstwhile
University of Roorkee and contributed immensely to the training, education and
practice of geotechnical engineering in the country.
May his soul rest in peace.
Shri Praphulla Kumar(1955 – 2011)
Advisory Committee
Dr. K. S. Rao, President, IGS
Dr. Chandan Ghosh, Hon. Secy, IGS
Dr. A. Sridharan
Dr. T. Ramamurthy
Dr. Nitin N. Som
Dr. G. V. Rao
Dr. M. R. Madhav
Dr. A. V. Shroff
Dr. V. M. Sharma
Er. Mahavir Bidasaria
Dr. S. Narasimha Rao
Dr. G. Venkatachalam
Dr. G. N. Gandhi
Dr. P. V. Sivapullaiah
Dr. S. R. Gandhi
Dr. K. Rajagopal
Dr. (Ms.) J. Letha
Dr. A. Verghese Chummar
Dr. B. R. Srinivasa Murthy
Organising Committee
Chairman
Dr. Babu T. Jose
Vice Chairmen
Sri M. D. Nair & Sri M. M. Mohandas
Organising Secretary
Dr. Benny Mathews Abraham
Joint Organising Secretaries
Sri Anil Joseph & Sri Manoj Mathew
Members
Sri T. K. Alexander Vaidyan
Sri Alok Alexander
Dr. K. Balan
Dr. K. S. Beena
Sri Biji Stephen
Smt. Bindu Sunil
Sri A.V.S. Chakravarthi
Dr. S. Chandrakaran
Sri B. Chandramohan
Dr. Dipak Kumar Sahoo
Sri Gibu Mathew
Sri Jayakrishnan Menon
Sri Jim Devassia
Dr. Jimmy Thomas
Sri Joe Mathew
Sri Joseph V. J.
Sri Martin Kuruvilla
Sri T. K. Mathew
Sri P. C. Paul
Sri Reji Cherian
Sri. Reji Zacharia
Dr. Roy M. Thomas
Sri P. R. Sahasranaman
Dr. Santhosh Kumar T. G.
Sri Santhosh Sebastian Antony
Sri Shaji Mathews
Dr. Sobha Cyrus
Sri Suresh S.
Technical Committee
Dr. Babu T. Jose, Chairman
Sri. M. D. Nair
Dr. Benny Mathews Abraham
Dr. K. Balan
Dr. K. S. Beena
Dr. S. Chandrakaran
Dr. Dipak Kumar Sahoo
Sri. Reji Zacharia
Dr. Santhosh Kumar T. G.
Dr. Sobha Cyrus
v
IGC 2011 is grateful to its Panel of Reviewers
Dr. A. Sridharan (Chairman)
1. Dr. A. Rajagopal 33. Dr. Muvvala Rama Rao
2. Dr. Ajjarapu Sreerama Rao 34. Dr. N. C. Shah
3. Dr. Anand Katti 35. Dr. N. K. Samadhiya
4. Dr. Ashish Juneja 36. Dr. P. V. Sivapullaiah
5. Dr. B. K. Maheswari 37. Dr. Padmavathi, V.
6. Dr. B.V.S. Viswanadham 38. Dr. Prabhu Ullagaddi
7. Dr. Babak Hamidi 39. Dr. Prabir K. Basudhar
8. Dr. C. N. V. Satyanarayana Reddy 40. Dr. Preeti Maheshwari
9. Dr. D. L. Shah 41. Dr. R. Kuberan
10. Dr. Dali Naidu Arnepalli 42. Dr. R. Shivashankar
11. Dr. Dasaka S. Murty 43. Dr. R.Ayothiraman
12. Dr. Deepankar Chaudhury 44. Dr. R.K. Srivastava
13. Dr. Devendra Narain Singh 45. Dr. Ramendu Bikas Sahu
14. Dr. G. L. Sivakumar Babu 46. Dr. Robinson R. G.
15. Dr. G. R. Dodagoudar 47. Dr. S. K. Prasad
16. Dr. G. Ramaswamy 48. Dr. S. Narasimha Rao
17. Dr. G. Venkatachalam 49. Dr. S. P. Dasgupta
18. Dr. G. Venkatappa Rao 50. Dr. S. R. Gandhi
19. Dr. H. N. Ramesh 51. Dr. S.Chandrakaran
20. Dr. Ilamparuthy Kanniappan 52. Dr. S. V. Ramaswamy
21. Dr. J. N. Mandal 53. Dr. Sarat Kumar Das
22. Dr. J. S. Vinod 54. Dr. Satyendra Mittal
23. Dr. J. T. Shahu 55. Dr. Sheela Evangeline Y.
24. Dr. Jagadanand Jha 56. Dr. Sreedeep S.
25. Dr. Jean-Pierre Gourc 57. Dr. Subhadeep Banerjee
26. Dr. K. Nagendra Prasad 58. Dr. Sudip Basack
27. Dr. K. Prakash 59. Dr. T. Ramamurthy
28. Dr. K. Rajagopal 60. Dr. V. Balakumar
29. Dr. Krishan Gopal Sharma 61. Dr. V. M. Sharma
30. Dr. M. D. Desai 62. Dr. Vinod P.
31. Dr. M. R. Samal 63. Dr. Vijay K. Puri
32. Dr. Madhavi Latha Gali 64. Dr. Yeon-Soo Jang
vi
vii
Preface
Indian Geotechnical Conference 2011 is being jointly organized by IGS Kochi Chapter and Cochin
University of Science and Technology.
The Indian Geotechnical Society which was established in 1948 has been conducting annual
conferences regularly and IGC -2011 is the 50th
annual conference and as such, this happens to be the
“Golden Jubilee Conference” which should be make all of us reminisce the glorious past. Let us
remember with gratitude the contributions made by our predecessors who nurtured our society to its
present stature of recognition and reverence at international level.
The present conference has been titled “Geochallenges” to recognize the numerous challenges faced
by the geotechnical community in present times. The main theme and sub themes are presented below.
Main theme: Soft clay engineering
Sub themes: Developments in geotechnical laboratory testing
Field investigations in difficult sub-soil conditions
Marine Geotechnology
Foundations in problematic soils
NDT and rehabilitation of foundations of old structures
Earthquake engineering
Field instrumentation and monitoring
Innovations in ground improvement
Geosynthetics with natural and synthetic fibres
Deep Excavations, Earth retaining Structures, Landslides and Slope Stability
Environmental Geotechnics
Remote sensing and GIS applications in geotechnical engineering
Numerical and physical modelling
Rock engineering, tunnelling and underground construction
Case studies in geotechnical engineering
The proceedings contain 254 papers and 14 invited talks from eminent people. We received 381
abstracts and after two stages of professional scrutiny and vetting, the final 254 papers were selected.
The organizing committee remembers with gratitude the contribution made by a large number of
senior academicians, foundation engineers and research workers from India and abroad, whose papers
are presented in the proceedings. The untiring efforts put in by Dr. D.K.Sahoo, Dr. Benny Mathews
vii
Abraham and Dr. T. G. Santhosh Kumar to achieve this herculean task, perhaps for the first time, are
highly commendable. Efforts put in by 65 reviewers from India and abroad are gratefully
acknowledge.
The major contribution to the success of a conference of this type is from the authors of the technical
papers and the eminent people who kindly accepted our invitation, to address the delegates. The
organizing committee places on record our deep sense of gratitude.
I take this opportunity to record deep appreciation and gratitude for the enormous contribution by all
the members of the organizing committee and sub- committees which made the conference possible.
M/s Matha Printers have done a great job in bringing at the proceedings in time which is gratefully
acknowledged.
We fervently hope that the papers will make significant contributions to enhance the erudition of the
geotechnical community and the deliberations will enlighten the participants.
Dr. Babu T.Jose
Chairman
viii
CONTENTS
Volume - I
Preface
INVITED PAPERS
1 Validation and strategy of early warning instrument for mitigation of precipitation-induced
slope failure
Ikuo Towhata, Taro Uchimura, Ling Wan & Jianping Qiao
3
2 Geotechnical construction of piling foundations on problematical soil ground of Kazakhstan
A. Zhussupbekov, R. Lukpanov & A. Tulebekova
7
3 Strength and deformation behavior of jointed rockmass under polyaxial stress state
K.S. Rao & R.P. Tiwari
15
4 Case study of ground excavation failure in Korea
Y.S. Jang, S.M. Shin, D. Y. Kim& E. C. Shin
25
5 Dynamic earth pressure against retaining walls
Vijay K. Puri & Shamsher Prakash
29
6 Consolidation of soft ground with drains with no (PVDs) and finite stiffness (granular piles)
M.R. Madhav & P. Ayub Khan
33
7 New challenge in D-runway construction of Tokyo Haneda airport
Yoichi Watabe & Takatoshi Noguchi
41
8 Some recent developments in geotechinical laboratory testing
K. Snelling, J. Sutton & J. Mendes
45
9 Deep basement excavation
S. R. Gandhi
53
10 Free energy concept of sulhate induced heave behaviour in lime stabilized soils
Sivapullaiah P. V.
57
11 Controlling internal erosion in earth dams and their foundations: case studies
A. Soroush, P. T. Shourijeh & A. Mohammadinia
64
12 Seepage induced consolidation test for the evaluation of compressibility characteristics of soft
clays
K. Prakash
72
13 Geotechnical investigations practice
H. H. Desai
78
14 Behaviour of granular materials during cyclic loading: DEM simulations
J. S. Vinod & T. G. Sitharam
82
ix
CONTRIBUTORY PAPERS
Theme-A: Developments in Geotechnical Laboratory Testing
1 Prediction of shear strength parameter for prototype quarried rockfill material based on index
properties
N.P. Honkanadavar & K.G. Sharma
93
2 Post-cyclic shear strength of sands
Ashish Juneja, Raghunandan M.E. & Deblina Chatterjee
97
3 Factors influencing complex permittivity of the soil matrix
P. S. Rao, L. S. Thakur & D. L. Shah
101
4 Effect of nano particles on properties of soil
Jumrik Taipodia, Jagori Dutta & A.K. Dey
105
5 Characterization of clean and fouled rail track ballast- model and field studies
P. Anbazhagan, T. P. Bharatha, G. Amarajeevi
109
6 On the coefficient of consolidation of compacted soils
K. Prakash, A. Sridharan & H.S. Prasanna
113
7 Flexural strength of fly ash sub-grade stabilized with lime and cement
S. Bhattacharjee & K. Bandyopadhyay
117
8 Study on the effect of change of compaction energy on shear strength of fly ash
S. Bhattacharjee & K. Bandyopadhyay
120
9 A new device to measure the flow rate during centrifuge tests
Mohammed Aslam A. K. & Ashish Juneja
124
10 Experimental appraisal of pressure cell output using modified triaxial apparatus
T. N. Dave, S. M. Dasaka
128
11 Correlation between CBR and index properties of soil
T. Datta & B.C. Chottopadyaya
131
Theme-B: Field Investigations in Difficult Sub-soil Conditions
1 Seismic refraction survey- a reliable tool for subsurface characterisation for hydropower
projects
Alex Varughese, Pankaj Kumar & Nripender Kumar
137
2 Bearing capacity ratio of soil by dynamic cone penetration test and direct shear test
T.K.Nagaraj & P.B.Ullagaddi
141
3 Estimation of the soil moisture retention curve in costal karnataka using pedotransfer function
K.Varija & P.Shwetha
145
4 On the swelling characteristics of semi arid soils of Saudi Arabia
Arif Ali Baig Moghal & Mosleh Ali Al-Shamrani
149
5 A method to predict realistic SPT resistance of expansive ch soils based on DCPT
M.D. Desai, R. M. Tailor & N. H. Desai
153
x
6 Geotechnical subsurface profiling using GPR spectral signatures – A case study
N.Muniappan, A.Hebsur, E.P.Rao & G.Venkatachalam
157
7 Cone penetration test - its important role in design and installation of offshore foundations in
soft clays
Rupam Mahanta
162
8 Geotechnical characterization of soft clays of the Godavari delta
Sanjay Gupta, Ravi Sundaram & Sorabh Gupta
166
Theme-C: Marine Geotechnology
1 Construction of passenger jetty at Mandwa using end-on method
Gautami U Gaonkar, Wilma Fernandes, Smita S. Aldonkar & Purnanand P. Savoikar
173
Theme-D: Foundations in Problematic Soils
1 Performance of footing on reinforced soil bed
M.Balamaheswari & K.Ilamparuthi
179
2 Effect of filter cake on interfacial friction – An experimental study
V. Kishor Kumar & K. Ilamparuthi
183
3 Effect of ground movement on the performance of pile foundation
K. Ilamparuthi & R.K. Madhumathi
187
4 Bearing capacity of strip footings on encapsulated granular trenches
N. Unnikrishnan, Susha Rajan & A. S. Johnson
191
5 Design of bored cast-in situ pile system in a highly varying ground profile
Sushma B.V.
195
6 Behaviour of single pile in sloping ground under static lateral load
Sivapriya S.V & S.R.Gandhi
199
7 Pile design for fixed platforms for hydrocarbon exploration in Indian offshore
Rupam Mahanta
203
8 Construction of rail connectivity from Idapalli to international container transhipment terminal
(ICTT) at Vallarpadam, Kochi
Jude Rocha, R.Anantakumar & P.S.Bansod
207
9 Performance of cushions of waste materials in heave reduction of expansive soils
M.Rama Rao, G.Sridevi & A. Sreerama Rao
211
10 Micropile technique to control heave on expansive soils
Mohammad Ali & Shaik Moin Ahmed
215
11 Performance of steel piles in dry sea sand on axial load
Ajitha Bhaskar & M. Lekshmi Chandran
219
12 Influence of fine sand content on swelling behaviour of a remoulded clay powder
B. R. Phanikumar, Supriya Dembla & A. Yatindra
222
13 Time dependent settlement of piled raft foundation
S.P. Bajad & R. B. Sahu
225
xi
14 Swelling behaviour of soils
M. Hussain & S.K. Dash
229
15 Effect of stiffness factor of granular pile reinforced ground on creep settlement
K Suresh, M R Madhav & E C Nirmala Peter
233
16 Experimental study of piled raft foundation
A.K. Singh & A.N. Singh
237
17 Behaviour of eccentrically loaded model square footing on reinforced soil: an experimental
investigation
D.M.Dewaikar K.G.Guptha & H.S.Chore
241
Theme-E: NDT and Rehabilitation of Foundations of Old Structures
1 Multi helix micropile for retrofitting of bridge foundations
Dipali P. Doshi, Atul K. Desai & Chandresh H. Solanki
247
Theme-F: Earthquake Engineering
1 Soil structure interaction of high rise structure supported by pile foundation
P. Saranya & D. Neelima Satyam
253
2 Estimation of site effects for Vijayawada city
Akhila Manne, S. Silpa Chowdary & D. Neelima Satyam
257
3 Ann based studies for liquefaction potential and settlement prediction
M. Vinoth & K. Ilamparuthi
261
4 Seismic input for Chennai using adaptive kernel method
C. K. Ramanna, P. Ragunathan & G. R. Dodagoudar
265
5 Probabilistic evaluation of seismic hazard in and around Kerala
Sreevalsa Kolathayar & T G Sitharam
269
6 Assessment of liquefaction potential for the Karnataka state using probabilistic approach
Naveen James, T.G Sitharam & K.S Vipin
273
7 Probabilistic approach for evaluating soil liquefaction considering spatial variability of soil
Vivek B. & Prishati Raychowdhury
277
8 Influence of frequency of seismic shaking on the performance of reinforced soil slopes
N. Srilatha, G. Madhavi Latha & C.G. Puttappa
281
9 Seismic analysis of earth dams
Laxmi Kanta Tripathy
285
10 Rupture based seismic hazard analysis for future seismic zonation- a case study of Coimbatore
P. Anbazhagan, Prabhu Gajawada & C. V. Smitha
289
11 Probabilistic assessment of liquefaction potential for the state of Gujarat
K.S. Vipin, T.G. Sitharam & K. Sreevalsa
293
12 Effect of cohesive soil with low plasticity on liquefaction potential of reconstituted sandy soils
G. Mahesh Kumar, B. G. Shivaprakash, B.V. Ravishankar, S.V. Dinesh & T.G. Sitharam
297
13 Dynamic response of pond ash reinforced with stone-sand columns 301
xii
M.R. Samal & Swami Saran
14 Strain localization effect on system reliability based design of bridge abutments under seismic
loading
B. Munwar Basha
305
15 Why response spectrum approach in earthquake geotechnical engineering?
Chandradhara, G. P., Nanjundaswamy, P. & Prasad, S. K.
309
16 Pushover analysis for influence of ground flexibility on seismic performance of 3-d frames
Srikanta Prasad, S., Shaik Kabeer Ahmed & Prasad, S. K
313
17 Importance of continuous variation in soil properties instead of layered idealization in seismic
response study of ground
Vijayendra, K. V, Prasad, S. K & Sitaram Nayak
317
18 Seismic design considerations for pile foundations
A. Murali Krishna, & S. Bhattacharya
321
19 Soil-structure interaction using a simplified model: parametric study
Ganesh M. Pai & B. K. Maheshwari
325
Theme-G: Field Instrumentation and Monitoring
1 Geotechnical instrumentation, monitoring and surveillance in earth dam safety programme
Amit Srivastava
331
2 Prediction of the soil-pile separation under coupled vibration
B. Manna & D. K. Baidya
335
3 Ground improvement for embankments on deep soft clay deposits along highway to ictt,
Vallarpadam port in Cochin
P. J. Rao, Pradyot Biswas, Avik Kumar Mandal, S. Sailesh & B.V. Krishna Mohan
339
4 Planning instrumentation schemes for monitoring of concrete, earth and rock-fill dams
Heman Manchanda & V.M. Sharma
343
5 Dynamic analysis of a fully instrumented embedded retaining wall: preliminary interpretation
A. Dey, C. Rainieri, C. Laorenza, G. Lanzano, M. di Tullio, D. Gargaro, D. Brigante, G.
Piccolo, G. Fabbrocino & F. Santucci de Magistris
347
Theme-H: Innovations in Ground Improvement
1 Stabilisation of marginal soil using tyre chips without and with cement modification
V. Ramana Murty & P. Hari Krishna
353
2 Performance of pre-fabricated vertical drains &pre-loading for a major construction project
R. Radhakrishnan
357
3 A review of the use of the pre-loading technique and vertical drains for soil consolidation
A.K. Bhattacharya & S. Basack
361
4 Improvement of subgrade soil with shredded waste tyre chips
Alex R. Ayothiraman & Ablish Kumar Meena
365
5 Field investigation of heave of chemically-stabilised expansive soil subgrades 369
xiii
Manchikanti Srinivas & GVR Prasada Raju
6 Innovations in ground improvement behaviour of stabilized flyash subbases
M. Anjan Kumar, D.S.V.Prasad, G.V.R. Prasada Raju, G.Radhakrishnan & D.Venkateswarlu
372
7 An experimental study of stone columns in soft soils
Kausar Ali, J.T. Shahu & K.G. Sharma
375
8 Effect of inclusion of coir fibre on the shear strength of marine clay
Bindu Sebastian, Sobha Cyrus & BabuT. Jose
379
9 Utilisation of GBS in road sub-base
G. Sridevi & A. Sreerama Rao
383
10 Strength and consolidation behaviour of lime treated red earth soil
H.N.Ramesh, K.V.ManojKrishna & M.T. Prathap Kumar
387
11 Use of laterite soil as admixture to alluvial soil for improving roadway subgrade characteristic
Tapas K. Roy, Bikash C. Chattopadhyay, Sudip K. Roy & Ambika Kuity
390
12 Effect of polypropylene fibre and lime admixture on engineering properties of expansive soil
S. Twinkle & M.K. Sayida
393
13 Compaction and strength characteristics of soil composites
Shija mol B & Sayida M K
397
14 Blast furnace slag for bulk geotechnical applications
K.V. Manjunath, L. Govindaraju & P. V. Sivapullaiah
401
15 Soil stabilization using pozzolanic materials
Ketan Bajaj, Yash Shrivastava & Vikas Pratap Singh
405
16 Behaviour of compaction sand pile and stone column in fine sand with clay
Sudheer K. V, Arvee Sujil Johnson & Unnikrishnan N
409
17 Soil stabilisation with waste materials based binder
Anil Kumar Sharma & P.V. Sivapullaiah
413
18 Swelling pressure of expansive soil stabilized using EPS geofoam
Abhay P. Shelke & Dasaka S. Murty
417
19 Consolidation of soft clay by vacuum method
G. Nithya & K. Ilamparuthi
421
20 Influence of cement on triaxial response of fly ash-admixed sand
Abhishek Bhosale, Pranjal Barman & Baleshwar Singh
425
21 Behaviour of stone column reinforced marine clay under static and cyclic loading
Yashwant A. Kolekar , Owais Shafi Mir & Dasaka S. Murty
429
22 Advances in dynamic compaction
Babak Hamidi, Hamid Nikraz & Serge Varaksin
433
23 Characterization of fine grained soils and its mitigations
Lankesh Laguri, Raghvendra Singh & Debasis Roy
437
24 Strengthening silty soil using electrokinetic grouting
L. S. Thakur, T. K. Shah, D. L. Shah & A. R. Umatt
441
xiv
25 A review on utilization of copper slag in geotechnical applications
C. Lavanya, A. Sreerama Rao & N. Darga Kumar
445
26 Rice straw reinforcement for improvement in Kuttanad clay
P.G. Greeshma, Mariamma Joseph
449
27 Innovative technique for improvement of floor system on B.C. soil using horizontal geofoam
layer
P.B. Daigavane & M.S. Pawar
453
28 Evaluation of different reinforced sub bases on expansive soil subgrade - a laboratory model
study
D S V Prasad, M Anjan Kumar, G V R Prasada Raju & V Kondayya
457
29 A model study of micropile groups subjected to lateral loading condition
Binu Sharma & Zakir Hussain
461
30 Study on cement stabilized Kuttanad clay
J. Bindu & Aswathi Ramabhadran
465
31 Behaviour of bamboo reinforced soils – state of art
Anusha R. & Emmanual C. Kindo
469
32 Strength properties of clayey silt-fly ash-cement mixtures based on laboratory testing
M. Sumesh & Baleshwar Singh
473
33 Analysis of displacements of non-homogenous granular pile in homogenous ground
B. Vidyaranya, M.R. Madhav & M. Kumar
477
34 Variation of compaction characteristics of sand randomly mixing with various natural fibers
J. Maity, B.C.Chattopadhyay & S.P.Mukherjee
481
35 Influence of diameter and spacing of stone columns on response of combined footings
Priti Maheshwari & Shubha Khatri
485
36 Soil stabilisation using raw plastic bottles
Anas Ashraf, Arya Sunil, J. Dhanya, Mariamma Joseph, Meera Varghese & M. Veena
489
37 The potential of cement stabilized gravelly soils as construction material
A.C.S.V. Prasad & C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy
493
38 Application and modeling of fiber reinforced soil
Kalpana Maheshwari, A. K. Desai & C. H. Solanki
497
39 Evaluation of constraint effect of DMM with varied shape and arrangement of stabilized bodies
using centrifuge model test
Hiroshi Miki, Yasuhiko Okochi & Masami Makino
501
40 Influence of wetting-drying cycles on heave behaviour of fiber-reinforced expansive soil
specimens
B. R. Phanikumar, C. Manvita & Roshni Patnaik
505
Theme-J: Geosynthetics with Natural and Synthetic Fibres
1 Effect of fibre content on California bearing ratio value of pond ash
A. K. Bera, P. K. Bhattacharya & A. Ghosh
511
xv
2 Geotechnical characterization of jute geotextile
A. K. Bera & A. Roy
515
3 Behaviour of geosynthetic reinforced sand bed under cyclic loading
M.V.S.Sreedhar & A Pradeep Kumar Goud
519
4 Strength performance of lime and sodium hydroxide treated –coir fiber reinforced soil
H.N. Ramesh, K.V. Manoj Krishna & H.V.Mamatha
523
5 Paddy straw as natural geogrids for soil reinforcement and erosion control
R. C. Katdare & S. A. Shingarey
526
6 Railway tracks on clayey subgrade reinforced with geosynthetics
L.S. Sowmiya, J.T. Shahu & K.K. Gupta
529
7 Free field liquefaction studies through shaking table tests
Renjitha Mary Varghese & Madhavi Latha
533
8 Performance of geosynthetic reinforced soil aggregate systems under cyclic loading
M. N. Asha & G. Madhavi Latha
537
9 Behaviour of geocell reinforced foundation under cyclic loading
J S Vinod, B. Indraratna & A. Moghaddam
541
10 Bearing capacity of pond ash reinforced with a non-woven geotextile
M.V.S. Sreedhar, G.Venkatappa Rao & R. Ramesh Reddy
545
11 CBR characteristics of pond ash with reinforcement in fabric and fiber forms
M.V.S.Sreedhar, Y. Srinivasa Reddy & A. Jyothi
549
12 Reinforced fly ash slope using different geosynthetics
S.Adhana & J.N. Mandal
553
13 Electrokinetic dewatering of soil using multi-filament and spun yarn conductive woven fabrics
L. S. Thakur, T. K. Shah, D. L. Shah & U. S. Thakor
557
14 Geosynthetics - An unfinished revolution and the path forward
Jimmy Thomas
561
15 Geotextile as reinforcement in flexible pavement for swelling subgrade
R. M. Tailor, M.D. Desai & N. C. Shah
565
16 Improvement in CBR values of expansive soil subgrades using geosynthetics
A.K. Choudhary, K.S. Gill & J.N. Jha
569
17 Study of rut behaviour of coir reinforced black cotton soil using wheel tracking apparatus
A. K. Raji, R. Karthika, G. R. Amruthalekshmi, Anju K. Peter & M. Mohamed Sajeer
573
18 A theoretical approach for designing geocell reinforced foundations
S. Sireesh & M. R. Madhav
577
19 Prediction of tensile strength behaviour of coir geotextiles
S. Chandrakaran & D. S. Shamla
581
20 Soil-geosynthetics interaction properties for different types of soil
Awdhesh K. C. & A. Murali Krishna
585
21 Remediation of upstream slope of an impounding reservoir using soil reinforcing technique
Amit Srivastava & G. L. Sivakumar Babu
589
xvi
22 Improving strength behaviour of a silty clay through polymer strips
B. R. Phanikumar
593
23 Wave reflection and transmission characteristics of coco logs
P. R. Prabisha, Jyothis Thomas & K. Balan
597
24 Reinforced soil mattress approach for flexible pavements over clay subgrade
C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy, K. Chinnapa Reddy & T. Kishore Kumar
601
25 Biodegradation of coir geotextile in tropical climatic conditions
Sibi Joy, K. Balan & P. K. Jayasree
604
26 A case study on soil bioengineering application using stitched erosion control blankets from
coir fibre
K. Balan & Sibi Joy
607
27 California bearing ratio of randomly oriented fiber reinforced clayey subgrade for rural roads
Bijayananda Mohanty, Mahipal Singh Chauhan & Satyendra Mittal
611
Author Index 615
Volume - II
Theme-K: Deep Excavations, Earth Retaining Structures, Landslides and Slope Stability
1 Stress dependent active earth pressures for high retaining walls
Umashankar Balunaini & Madhav Madhira
623
2 Role of shear keys in cantilever retaining wall
Nisha Sarath, R.Shivashankar & A.U.Ravi Shankar
627
3 Probabilistic slope stability analysis for slopes along NH-39, Nagaland
Sukumar Saha
631
4 Slope stability study for optimum design of a copper mine, Madhya pradesh, India
V.K. Singh
635
5 Effect of blast load on seismic slope stability using flac
Ritika, Kaustav Chatterjee & Deepankar Choudhury
639
6 Evaluation of a prediction model for shear strength of unsaturated soils
U. K. Das & B. D. Saikia
643
7 Stability of basal reinforced embankment on soft soils- effect of fill and soft soil thickness on
reinforcement force
V.K. Chakravarthi & K. Ramu
647
8 Probabilistic analysis of a slope stability problem
Anasua Guha Ray & Dilip Kumar Baidya
651
9 An innovative approach for study of unstable hill rock slope
R.K Panigrahi & Madhusmita Rout
655
xvii
10 Behaviour of retaining wall under static and dynamic passive earth pressure
T. Mandal, R. Jadhav, J. Tank, B. Bhagat & V.B. Deshmukh
659
11 Slope stability in unsaturated soil after rainfall infiltration
M. K. Sahis & G.Bhattacharya
663
12 Cellular reinforced fly ash retaining wall - experimental and finite element analysis
B. Ram Rathan Lal & J.N.Mandal
667
13 Analysis of retaining wall with pressure relief shelf by coulomb’s method
R. D. Padhye & P. B. Ullagaddi
671
Theme-L: Environmental Geotechnics
1 Evaluation of estimated suction-water content relationship for a locally available soil
C. Malaya, D. Abhijit & S. Sreedeep
677
2 A cost effective methodology for measuring high suction in soil
C. Malaya, V. Srikanth & S. Sreedeep
681
3 Feasibility study of jarofix waste material for road construction
A.K. Sinha, V.G. Havanagi , V.K.Arora, A.Ranjan & S. Mathur
685
4 Evaluation of gas permeability of the soil barrier under various ranges of distortion levels
S. Rajesh, J.P. Gourc & B.V.S. Viswanadham
689
5 Compressibility and permeability behaviour of plastic waste mixed sand
K.Geetha Manjari, G.Anoosha, Pawan Kumar, Sandeep Kumar Chouksey & G.L.Sivakumar
Babu
693
6 Compaction and CBR characteristics of lime stabilised pond ash
M.V.S. Sreedhar & K. Manoj
697
7 A study on tensile strength of lime-flyash stabilized illite
Ashwani Jain
700
8 Thermal characteristics of a swelling soil
Pawan K.S. & Sreedeep S.
703
9 Stress-strain behavior of fly ash compacted at different moisture contents
B.R. Phani Kumar, B.Varaprasada Rao & R.Dayakar Babu
707
10 Use of shredded tyre chips as aggregates in stone column: an experimental study
R. Ayothiraman & S. Soumya
711
11 Impact of municipal solid waste disposal on geotechnical properties of soil
H. S. Nanda, Shivaraju. R & C. Ramakrishnegowda
715
12 Importance of distribution coefficient of the soil-contaminant system for studying various geo-
environmental engineering problems
Pankaj Pathak, K. Srinivas, Kanchana Menon, K. V. Uday, B.S. Patil, Venkataramana K. & D.
N. Singh
717
13 Design and stability analysis of pond ash railway embankment
V.G.Havanagi, A.K.Sinha & S.Mathur
721
14 Geotechnical evaluation of dredged material from Dal lake as a construction material 725
xviii
B. A. Mir, P. Kumar, A. Kumar, D. Kumar, M. Kumar & M. Mazumder
15 Study on the shrinkage, swelling and strength characteristics of clay soils under different
environmental conditions
Dhanya sree, A.R. Ajitha & Y. Sheela Evangeline
729
16 Compaction characteristics of alkalis treated expansive and non expansive soil contaminated
with acids
H.N.Ramesh & S.D.Venkataraja Mohan
733
17 Control of alkali induced heave in black cotton soil using potassium and magnesium salts
P. Hari Prasad Reddy & P.V. Sivapullaiah
737
18 Piping and seepage resistance of fly ash mixed with plastic waste
J. Raja & G. L. Siva Kumar Babu
741
19 Clay mineral liner system for leachates containing organic contaminants
Vandana Sreedharan & P.V. Sivapullaiah
745
20 Experimental studies on the response of a clay barrier of landfill covers to differential
settlements
P.V Divya & B.V.S. Viswanadham
749
21 Effect of soaking on the strength behaviour of shedi soil treated with NFA
H.N. Ramesh, H.S.Nanda & K.V. Manoj Krishna
753
22 A study on properties of jerosite waste for landfill capping design
C.N.V. Satyanarayana Reddy,B. Sanghamitra & R.Vinathi Angel
755
23 Effect on fertility properties of soils under the application of solid wastes for soil stabilization
S.T. Taksande, P.P. Dahale & R.M. Dhoble
759
24 Correlation studies on liquid limit and free swell index of fly ash-stabilised expansive clay
liners
B. R. Phanikumar & M. Uma Shankar
761
25 Physico-chemical changes in soil due to sulphuric acid contamination
T. S. Umesh, H. D. Sharma, S. V. Dinesh, P.V. Sivapullaiah & Swamy.C. Basim
765
26 Geotechnical characteristics of leachate –contaminated laterite soil
Meril George & Beena K.S
769
27 Compaction and hydraulic conductivity characteristics of Indian fly ashes
Sujit Kumar Pal & Ambarish Ghosh
773
28 Migration of heavy metals through clay contaminated with non-aqueous phase liquid
S.K Singh
777
29 The effect of CaCl2 and Na2Sio3 chemicals on properties of CH soil
T. L. Ramadasu, N. Darga Kumar & G. Yesuratnam
781
30 Relative performance of local materials and industrial wastes as liner and cover
M. R. Patil, S. S. Quadri & Lakshmikantha H
785
31 Engineering properties of soil contaminated with dyeing effluent
Shivaraju.R, B.V. Ravishankar & H.S.Nanda
788
xix
Theme-M: Remote Sensing and GIS Applications in Geotechnical Engineering
1 GIS for site selection for MSW landfills
Shikha Saxena & R.K Srivastava
793
2 Development of soil suitability map for geotechnical applications using GIS approach
S. Sakunthala Devi &V.K. Stalin
797
Theme-N: Numerical and Physical Modelling
1 Numerical modelling of rock slopes in Siwalik hills near Manali region: A case study
Vijayalakshmi R & D.Neelima Satyam
803
2 An analytical solution for single pile subjected to torsion
S. Basack, S. S. Sen & S. Dey
807
3 Modelling pile capacity using generalised regression neural network
Mahesh Pal
811
4 Prediction of pile cap lateral resistance using neural networks
U. K. Nath & P. J. Hazarika
815
5 Load bearing capacity of footing resting on a multilayer reinforced fly ash slope
K.S. Gill, A.K. Choudhary, J.N. Jha & S.K. Shukla
819
6 Interaction problem of circular footings on homogeneous soil deposit
V Srinivasan & Priyanka Ghosh
823
7 Evaluation of liquefaction potential of soil using genetic programming
Sarat Kumar Das & Pradyut Kumar Muduli
827
8 3D & 2D stress analysis of power house complex of VPHEP: A BEM & FEM approach
D.V. Singh, R.K. Vishnoi, Sandeep Singhal & A.K. Badoni
831
9 Numerical simulation of vertically loaded piles
B P Naveen, T G Sitharam & S Vishruth
835
10 Numerical study of footing on single layer reinforced slope
K.S. Gill, Amanpreet Kaur, A.K.Choudhary & J.N. Jha
839
11 Inverse analysis: A tool for model parameter estimation
Arindam Dey & Prabir K. Basudhar
843
12 Foundation settlement in soils subjected to high temperature gradient
S. J. Shah, V. K. Sowmya & M. N. Sandeep
847
13 Design of earthen barriers using finite difference method
Ritwik Chakraborty & Ambarish Ghosh
851
14 Dynamic analyses of soil- pile- superstructure interaction
K. Vineetha & K. Ranga Swamy
855
15 Piled raft analysis and design methodology
N. Dharmarajan & K. Ilamparuthi
859
16 Undrained response and liquefaction of beach soil under triaxial loading
K. Ranga Swamy & J. Sekhar
863
xx
17 Coupled motion of soil-pile system under dynamic loading
Debjit Bhowmik, D. K. Baidya & S. P. Dasgupta
867
18 Radial consolidation of lightly over-consolidated clays
P. Ayub Khan, M. R. Madhav & E. Saibaba Reddy
871
19 Stochastic analysis of strip footings on layered soil
P Pradeep Kumar & Priti Maheshwari
875
20 Piled-raft foundation on consolidating soft soil
Soumya Roy, Bikash Chandra Chattopadhyay & Ramendu Bikash Sahu
879
21 Lateral response of pile under indirect loading due to adjacent excavations
S. Karthigeyan & M. Samanta
883
22 A comparative study to simplify lower bound finite elements method using linear programming
for geotechnical stability problem
Paramita Bhattacharya & Jyant Kumar
887
23 Numerical modelling of pullout test for reinforcement in oblique direction
Arup Bhattacharjee, Vangla Prashanth & A. Murali Krishna
891
24 A study on deformation of the interface between sand and steel plate under shearing
Anowar Hussain Laskar & Ashim Kanti Dey
895
25 A numerical investigation of nailed vertical soil wall
using pseudo-static approach
V. Jaya & J. Annie
899
26 A review of soil constitutive models for soil structure interaction analysis
P. E. Kavitha, K. P. Narayanan & K. S. Beena
903
27 Physical model study of scouring effects on raft foundation of bridge piers
Eldho T.I. , B.V.S.Viswanadham, B.A.Vijayasree & Siva Naga Venkat N
907
28 Some studies on the behaviour of back-to-back geosynthetic reinforced soil walls
Bharat Hemant Katkar & B.V.S. Viswanadham
911
29 Some studies on seepage analysis of levees subjected to flooding
Rishabh Kumar Saran & B.V.S. Viswanadham
915
30 Numerical approach for analysis of highway flyash embankment
K. Bandyopadhyay, S. Bhattacharjee & S. Ghosh
919
31 Finite element modeling of ground - structure interaction considering non-linear response of
the ground
F. Jancy, A. Rajagopal, B. Umashankar & M. R. Madhav
923
32 An overview of fluid flow coupled discrete element method – Applications in geotechnical
engineering
T. G. Sitharam & Resmi Sebastian
927
33 Analysis of inelastic response of shallow foundations subjected to moment loading
M. Padmavathi, V. Padmavathi & M.R. Madhav
931
34 Effect of subgrade shear stiffness on oblique pullout behavior of reinforced soil
Shantanu Patra & J. T. Shahu
935
xxi
35 Numerical analysis of sand-fibre mixed granular piles
N.K.Samadhiya, Partha Basu & S.L. Baite
939
36 A total stress model for undrained cyclic behaviour of remoulded clay
Subhadeep Banerjee, Siang Huat Goh & Fook Hou Lee
943
37 Piled raft behaviour – model studies and field performance
V.Balakumar & I.V.Anirudhan
947
38 Pile subjected to lateral cyclic loading in sand
S. Basack & S. Dey
951
39 Dynamic analysis of pile group with 3-piles in series arrangement
K. B. Ladhane & V. A. Sawant
955
40 Comparative study on predicted and measured settlement of foundation
J. J. Nisha & M. Muttharam
959
Theme-P: Rock Engineering, Tunneling and Underground Constructions
1 Three dimensional analysis of storage cavern
C. P. Chakravarthy, A. Nanda & S.K. Jain
965
2 Rock engineering in ancient India
A.S. Nene
969
3 Stress distribution around the tunnel: influence of insitu stress and shape of tunnel
M. Raji & T. G. Sitharam
973
4 Rock fall analysis and application of available methods of mitigation to Saptshrungi ghat roads
R. Satavalekar & A.J.Shah
977
5 Shear behaviour of infill joint under CNS boundary condition
A.K.Shrivastava, K.S.Rao & Ganesh. W. Rathod
981
6 Stresses and strains around twin tunnels: A discrete element approach
Anitha Kumari S. D. & T. G. Sitharam
985
Theme-Q: Case Studies in Geotechnical Engineering
1 Evaluation of strength parameters of rockfill material for Pakal dul hydroelectric project,
Jammu and Kashmir – A case study
S.V. Rao, Sanjeev Bajaj & S. Dhanote
991
2 Efficacy of stone columns in flyash area – A case study
Kondapalli Bairagi, G.Murali & N.Shashanka Reddy
995
3 Failure of a 4-storey RCC building and its retrofitting with bi-layer footing foundation under
EQ zone V – A case study
Gokul K Bayan
999
4 Geotechnical characterization of foundation preparation practices in earth and rock fill dam- a
case study
Praveen Kumar Yadav, Rama Krishna Adhikari & Pratik Roy
1003
5 Landslide investigation at KM 221, NH-39 - A case study 1007
xxii
P.S. Prasad, Kishor Kumar, J. Ganesh, U.K. Guru Vittal & Sudhir Mathur
6 Foundations for retaining walls on soft clay deposits along highway to ICTT, Vallarpadam port
in Cochin
P J Rao, Pradyot Biswas, Avik Kumar Mandal & S Sailesh
1011
7 Geotechnical investigations and design of remedial measures for roads at Visakhapatnam port
area, Visakhapatnam
Kanwar Singh, P.S. Prasad, J. Ganesh, Jai Bhagwan & S. Mathur
1015
8 Ground improvement of deep soft clay layers using vibro replacement for construction of a
port and connecting highway at Kochi, India
Deepak Raj & Sridhar Valluri
1019
9 Gabion GRS wall for raising solid waste dump site at Surat - case study
Jigisha M. Vashi, M. D. Desai, A. K. Desai & C. H. Solanki
1023
10 Indian experience in construction of precast reinforced concrete arch structure
Heman Manchanda
1027
11 Settlement of a structure – A case study
Shruti Naik, Nisha P. Naik, Sumitra S. Kandolkar & R. L. Mandrekar
1031
12 Design of earthen dam in desert area: A case study
Kondapalli Bairagi & R.S.V. Roshan
1035
13 High strain dynamic pile testing practices in India – favourable situations and correlation
studies
S.S. Basarkar, Manish Kumar & Ravikiran Vaidya
1039
14 Steel pipe pile: comparative case study with API RP2A (WSD) and IS: 2911 recommended
provisions
J.C. Shukla & D.L. Shah
1043
15 Ground improvement treatment by preloading in the enlargement of Alicante port (Spain)
Roberto Rodríguez Escribano, Margarita Díaz-Toledo García, Javier Escartín García, Marta
Estefanía López Sierra & Claudio Olalla Marañón
1047
16 EPB tunnel stress-strain behaviour numerical modelling, applying different materials
constitutive models, Quejigares tunnel, Spain
Roberto Rodríguez Escribano, José Estaire Gepp, Marta Estefanía López Sierra & Juan Tebar
Molinero
1051
17 Soil investigation & foundation problems at Pune - A case study
Karra Raja Sekhar
1055
18 Underground basement construction adjoining historical monument by soil nailing – A case
study
Satyendra Mittal & N. Sweta
1058
19 Use of jute geotextiles for management of eroded hill slope
T. Sanyal, P. K. Choudhury & N. Mandal
1061
20 Investigation of a building collapse in Delhi
Chandan Ghosh
1064
21 Graviloft retaining wall: A case study
R. J. Balwan & Ajitkumar Kumbhar
1068
xxiii
Theme-R: Miscellaneous Topics
1 Geology of Allahabad (India) and assessment of recharge for sustainability
Saumya Singh & R.K.Srivastava
1073
2 Nanotechnology in civil engineering and construction: A review on state of the art and future
prospects
Amit Srivastava & Kirti Singh
1077
3 Low cost specifications for the construction of low volume roads
Kanaujia, V.K., Swami, R.K. & Sudhir Mathur
1081
4 A comparative study on performance of flexible pavement on expansive and non expansive
soils
C.S. Bhagavan Raju & G. V. R. Prasada Raju
1085
5 Synthesis of zeolites by flyash- alkali interaction
Bhagwanjee Jha, Padmakumar G. P, D. N. Singh & Kannan Iyer
1089
6 Consolidation characteristics of kaolinitic clay through radial drainage using geometrical
vertical sand drains
M.V. Shah & A.V. Shroff
1093
Theme-S: Soft Clay Engineering
1 Cyclic lateral load behaviour of single pile founded in soft clay
Sivapriya S.V. & M. Muttharam
1099
2 Consolidation testing of marine clay under an embankment
G. Radhakrishnan, M. Anjan Kumar, G.V.R. Prasada Raju, D.S.V. Prasad & D. Venkateswarlu
1103
3 Effect of soil type on electrokinetic dewatering of soft soils & slurries using conductive textile
L. S. Thakur, T. K. Shah, D. L. Shah & D. A. Vasavada
1105
4 Estimation of unconfined compressive strength of cement treated soft Indian coastal clay
A. Ghosh, M. Samanta, S. Sharma, S.K. Jain & D. Kumar
1109
5 Geotechnical constructions on soft sensitive clays: Some essential aspects and examples
Vikas Thakur
1113
6 Undrained shear strength gain with consolidation at soft and sensitive soil sites
Debasis Roy & Raghvendra Singh
1117
Author Index 1121
xxiv