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Medical MycologyMedical MycologyClassification of MycosesClassification of Mycoses

Hugh B. Fackrell

Filename Fungi_classi.ppt

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MycologyMycology

Mycology: Study of fungi Mycoses: fungal infections Mytoxicosis- intoxicaton

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FungiFungi

Molds- filamentous– Penicillium, mushrooms

Yeasts- unicellular

– Fission yeasts

– Budding Yeasts Dimorphic Fungi

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Molds & Fleshy FungiMolds & Fleshy Fungi Thallus: filaments of cells

– visible mycelium Hypha; individual filament

– Septate hyphae

– Coenocytic hyphae Growth:

– at tip of hyphae– vegetative growth from fragments

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Vegetative StructuresVegetative Structures

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MyceliumMycelium

Vegetative Hyphae Reproductive Hyphae

– aerial hyphae above media– Reproductive spores

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Molds: ReproductionMolds: Reproduction

Asexual – Grow from fragments– asexual spores

Sexual– Sexual spores ( less frequent)– two strains of fungi– fusion of nuclei

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Asexual SporesAsexual Spores

Conidospore– Arthrospore– Blastospore

Chlamydospore

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ConidiosporeConidiospore

Asexual spore

– Mitosis

– Not enclosed by a SAC

– chains Conidiophore: filament that forms

Conidospore

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ConidioSporesConidioSpores

Arthrospores– thickened fragments of septate hyphae– Coccidioides

Blastospores– thickened wall– Bud from the parent cell– Candida, Cryptococcus

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ChlamydosporesChlamydospores

Asexual spore contained within hypha

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SporangiumSporangium

Sac of spores Sporangiospore- Spores Sproangiophore- aerial hypha with

sporangium

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Medically Important FungiMedically Important Fungi

Deuteromycota- no sexual spores Zygomycota- coenocytic fungi Ascomycota-

– septate

– dust like spore Basidomycota

– septate

– fleshy base; mushrooms

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Opportunistic mycosesOpportunistic mycoses

Candidiasis Aspergillosis, Mucormycosis Phycomycosis

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Superficial Fungal InfectionsSuperficial Fungal Infections

Skin Infections– limited to Stratum corneum– do not penetrate deeper tissues

No inflammation

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Superficial mycosesSuperficial mycoses

Black piedra White piedra Pityriasis vericolor tinea nigra

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Cutaneous MycosesCutaneous Mycoses

Dermatophytoses Dermatomycoses

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Subcutaneous MycosesSubcutaneous Mycoses

Caused by trauma [puncture]and introduction of the fungus and bacteria.

Chromoblasomycosis Phaeohypomycosis Mycetoma Sporotrichosis

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Systemic or Deep MycosesSystemic or Deep Mycoses

Histoplasmosis Coccidiomycosis Blastomycosis Cryptococcosis

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CryptococcosisCryptococcosis

Cryptococcus neoformans Sporadic Pigeons Meningitis form

– fatal

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Systemic Mycoses:Systemic Mycoses: Disease Patterns Disease Patterns

Subacute respiratory infection Acute infection Severe disseminated infection

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Systemic Mycoses:Systemic Mycoses:Subacute Respiratory InfectionSubacute Respiratory Infection

Low fever Non-productive cough Mild & self limiting

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Systemic Mycoses:Systemic Mycoses:Acute InfectionsAcute Infections

Productive cough purulent sputum pain in chest Weight loss.

night sweats X-ray positive one,many lesions consolidation

Differential diagnosis: pneumonia, tumour.

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Systemic Mycoses:Systemic Mycoses:Severe Disseminated InfectionsSevere Disseminated Infections

Acute Infections +

– spread to other organs

– chronic

Differential diagnosis t.b.

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Presentation OutlinePresentation Outline

Disease Mechanisms Entry Adaptation Propagation Dissemination Host Factors Fungal Factors

Classification of Mycoses site route virulence Epidemiology Fungal Diseases

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