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5. Volcanoes

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When the plates of Earth collide, sometimes a volcano is

formedVocabulary

volcano

When the material from the mantle erupts onto the surface

and cools

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Vocabulary:

erupt

To burst out, or explode (like when a mixture of liquid rock and hot gases erupt from

a volcano)

Liquid rock, hot gases, pieces of rock, or a mixture of these may erupt from the volcano

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Not all volcanoes erupt in the same way

Some erupt quietly, while others erupt violently

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In a quiet eruption, lava flows slowly out of the volcano

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But sometimes, the vent in the volcano is plugged

Vocabulary:

vent

An opening in a volcano

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Then pressure builds up inside the volcano

And a violent eruption takes place

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In 1980, Mount St. Helens in the state of Washington

erupted violently

The blast blew 1,200 feet off the top of the mountain

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Different types of volcanic mountains are formed

depending on the kind of eruption and the materials that

pour out of the volcano

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Shield volcanoes formed the low, rounded mountains, like

Mauna Loa in Hawaii

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Vocabulary:

Shield volcano

A low, rounded mountain formed when lava spreads out

around a vent in a quiet eruption

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In 1943 a Mexican farmer noticed a hole in his cornfield

giving off smoke

Throughout the night hot glowing cinders were thrown

into the air

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Vocabulary:

cinders

Volcanic rocks about the size of golf balls

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In just a few days a cinder cone several hundred meters high

covered his cornfield

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Vocabulary:

Cinder cone

A cone shaped mountain made when a volcano erupts violently and throws cinders out the top

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This cinder cone volcano is called

Paricutin in Mexico in 1948

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Composite volcanoes are towering cone-shaped

mountains

Like Mount Fuji in Japan

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Vocabulary

Composite volcano

A volcano formed by layers of cinders and layers of lava flows

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Sang by:

Jimmy Buffet!